History
1004 first mention of the valley basin of the Elbe as Gau Nisane
after 1100 foundation of the oldest church (Frauenkirche)
31.03.1206 first documented of Dresden (as Dresdene)
1216 Dresden became a town
1234 mention of the Nicolai-Church in the town, got the name "To the Holy Cross"
(Cross-Church)
1275 destruction of the bridge over the Elbe and rebuilt with wood; first mention
of a bridge in the town)
1286 the first hospital was built
1299 first documented of the town wall
1309 oldest town seal
1350 first documented of Altendresden
1355 / 70 voluminous strengthening of the town wall
before 1400 the first town laws were gathered
1450 first Dresden`s fire law (printed 1572)
since 1450 people of Dresden take part at the ore mining
1474 first mention of the Striezelmarkt (well-known Christmas fair in Dresden)
1485 after the Leipzig`s division continuous residence-town of the Albertiner
15.06.1491 big town fire
1516 Luther was in Dresden at the first time
1524 begin of the printing in Dresden in the "Empserpresse"
1530 / 35 rebuild of the castle
1550 Altendresden joint to Dresden
1559 / 63 construction of the Zeughaus (now Albertinum)
1560 national art exhibition was opened
1586 / 88 construction of the stable court in the castle
1590 / 91 first survey of the Dresden`s squares
1664 begin to build the opera house (Semper Opera House)
1676 formation of the Great Garden
1685 a big part of Altendresden was destroyed by fire
1694 begin of the government of August the Strong
1698 czar Peter I visits Dresden
1707 build of the Taschenbergpalais
1708 Johann Friedrich Boettger discover the recipe of the "Red Porcelain"
1710 / 32 construction of the biggest part of the Zwinger
1720 / 23 construction of the Water Palais and the Mountain Palais in Pillnitz
1726 / 43 building of the Frauenkirche
1727 / 31 reconstruction of the Albert-Bridge by Poeppelmann
1730 first newspaper in Dresden
1732 Altendresden get the name Neustadt (new city)
1733 monument of August the Strong (Golden Rider)
1738 / 55 construction of the Hofkirche
1754 buying the "Sistine Madonna" for the gallery
1760 Prussian troops destroy the old city
1767 Wolfgang Goethe visits Dresden at the first time
July 1807 Napoleon in Dresden
26./27.81813 battle by Dresden
1815 the medical academy was founded
1817 / 26 Carl Maria von Weber is conductor of the royal court
1828 the Technical Educational Highschool was founded
1835 introduction of the compulsory education
1837 opening of the steam navigation on the Elbe
1837 / 39 building of the oldest railway station of Dresden in Dresden-Neustadt
1838 / 41 construction of the court theatre by Gottfried Semper
1838 / 40 building of the synagogue by Semper
1839 the first railway line in Germany Leipzig - Dresden was opened
1842 Richard Wagner in Dresden (1943 conductor of the royal court)
1843 first visit of Karl Marx in Dresden
1847 / 54 the Zwinger was completed with the building of the gallery
1870 / 78 rebuild of the Semper Opera House by Manfred Semper after a fire in 1869
1872 the Dresdner bank was founded
1872 / 76 the Fuerstenzug (a mosaic showing the Saxon kings) was created by
Wilhelm Wather; 1907 with porcelain-tiles
1893 first tram
1897 the Cross Church was destroyed by fire
1905 / 10 building of the new town-hall
1924 the Palucca-School was founded (that is a school for classic dancing)
1930 the German Museum for Hygiene was opened
1935 construction of the airport in Dresden Klotzsche
9./10.11.1938 "Reichskristallnacht", fascists destroy Jewish shops and the synagogue
13./14.2.1945 Dresden was nearly complet destroyed by anglo / american bombers,
more than 35000 people die
till now a big part of the important cultural monuments were rebuilt
Meissen - The cradle of Saxony
Meissen the original seat of the Wettin dynasty is a very delightfully situated ancient town
washed by the waters of three river arms. The skyline of the town is dominated by Castle Hill,
which with the Cathedral and the former palaces of margraves and lords of the castle, as well
as the bishop`s palace, assumed the character of an imperial castle in medieval times. The
castle known as Albrechtsburg is one of Germany`s most important architectural monuments.
But Meissen is also well known of their porcelain. In 1710 Europe`s first porcelain
manufactory was established in Meissen and started to produce its famous wares with the
crossed blue swords.
Radebeul - Sightseeing between water and wine
Because of its mild climate this region has sometimes compared with the South of France.
The pleasant location of the sunny slopes flanking the Elbe made it not only the orchard and
vineyard of the Saxon Electoral princes but also an attractive residential area. Radebeul is
associated with names such as Gerhart Hauptmann, Karl May and Eduard Bilz. Karl May
lived, wrote and died in Radebeul. His grave and his last residence, "Villa Shatterhand" - now
a museum, is visited by people all over the world who admire his books. "Villa Baerenfett"
the blockhouse in the garden, houses an abundant Red Indian collection. "Old Shatterhand"
and "Winnetou" ride again at the Rathen Open-air Theatre (Saxon Switzerland), a repertory
theatre whose own stage, the Landesbuehne Sachsen, is located in Radebeul.
Moritzburg - Hunting horns and horses
Moritzburg Castle is one of the finest hunting lodges in Europe. Elector August the Strong,
with his feeling for beauty, entrusted M. D. Poeppelmann, the best architect of his day, with
the rebuilding of the royal hunting lodge and with its idyllic integration in the landscape. In the
open air, between the Castle, Pheasent House and the little haven with lighthouse, where
once the courtiers enthusiastically applauded masquerades, summer festivals and almost
true-to-life naval battles, you can enjoy the peaceful athmosphere. Or you can cycle to one of
the more than forty lakes.
Freital Land - Interesting features on and under the ground
The Forest of Tharandt in Freital Land is one of Saxony`s most beautiful woodland regions.
The area of 6000 hectares is locatedbetween the valleys of three rivulets. It contains a forest
botany garden with more than 2000 varieties of European shrubs and trees and woodland
plants from other continents, as well as a Forestry Faculty which enjoys a good international
reputation. The thriving forest with its valley and hills is an ideal walking area for those
seeking tanquillity and relaxions. The foot-weary can board a train that puffs along the tracks
of one of Germany`s oldest narrow-gauge railways connecting Freital-Hainsberg via the
Rabenau Valley, Malter Reservoir where you can bathe, sail, surf and fish, with
Schmiedeberg and Kipsdorf.
"Saxon Switzerland" an erosion landscape of the Cretaceous period, unique in Europe, is
regarded as a paradise for walkers, holidaymakers and climbers. The main attractions of
Saxon Switzerland are the "Bastei" group of crags with their 77-metre-long bridge,
Koenigstein Fortress and Hohnstein Castle. Most visitors from Dresden area, however, prefer
to linger among the lesser-known crags and quiet wooded parts or to join climbing parties
with mountaineers from many countries. Canaletto, the famous Italien townscape artist,
painted more pictures of Pirna than of Dresden because until 16th century Pirna was more
important, a result of the favourable location of the town as market and trading centre.
Eastern Erzgebirge - From summer holidays to a romantic winter world
The Eastern Erzgebirge is a subalpine area with bracing climate, surviving folklore, fine
mountain health resorts, numerous footpaths, many streams and lakes and wintersport
facilities. You will also find some unique features here: the bob run in Altenberg, the world`s
most modern run next Calgary; Rehefeld is the coldest place in Germany; in Schellerhau is
the oldest botanical garden... Santa Claus probably has his home in the eastern Erzgebirge;
its distinctive Christmas traditions are as much a part of it as snowflakes and sunshine. For
many generations wood carving and turning have been the main occupations on long winter
evenings. Erzgebirge merry-go-rounds, nutcrackers and smoking men are some of the
familiar products.
The Alma mater dresdensis invites poeple to study, to do scientific work and to meet on
scientific congresses to exchange expiriences.
It is one of the most important universities and it is well known all over the world. It is called a
universitas litterarum by the many-sided and harmonic ensemble of fields of science.
Because of its place in the river's Elbe town, the Saxon metropolis, it got a unique
enviroment. Dresden - that is a centre of culture and science but an industrial city too.
Here one can find the Semperoper as a magnet for all visitors. It is the house of the well
known Saechsische Staatskapelle Dresden.
Famous all over the world are the collections of art - for instance the treasures of Gruenes
Gewoelbe and the Zwinger-gallary. The highschool of music and art completes the image of
Dresden.
Dresden has been known as a city of sciences for a long time. It is said that the Technical
University is one of the biggest and most important universities of Germany no less than in
Europe.
Surrounded by the tradition of industrial development Dresden is a home town of modern
industry, espacially engineering and electronics.
So Dresden got the facility to catch poeple at least by its history and its architecture. If one
walk through the town he will find the harmonic proportions built up in the area of Barock.
A special touch is given by the place to the river Elbe, the place closed to Saxon
Swizzerland, the eastern part of Erzgebirge mountains and the Lausitzer Bergland.
Dresden is the place of one of the oldest technical universities and so it became a "native
country on time" for about 20'000 students.
The History of the University
In 1828, when the Technical Educational Highschool was founded, the industrial revolution
just started in Saxon. But with the help of this school Saxon started to train its own engineers
and mechanics, necessary for the industrial development.
Its first chief was the geographer, astronom and meteorologist Wilhelm Gotthelf Lohrmann.
Johann Andreas Schubert is actually known as the most important scientist of the first
decades.
He was one of the most important saxon engineers of the 19th century, a teacher with a big
knowlege of mathematics and mechanics, of engineering and build-engineering. He
constructed the first steam-locomotive, the Saxonia, the first saxon steam-ship, but the
brigde Goelschtalbruecke was constructed by his hand too.
Early in 1851 the highschool became a polytechnical school (college) and in 1871 it was
accepted as the Royal-Saxon Polytechnikum, this was a very important step on the way to
become a university.
Already in this time one could find a common institute for national economy, statistics, for
German language and literature as well as for history of art.
In 1865 the education of teachers of mathematics, natural sciences und technics started. The
departements of engineering and chemistry made the college well known not only in Saxon.
1878 an order how to become a professor was written. The way how to get the diploma was
created in the 80th decade.
A well known scientist on the field of theoretical engineering and thermodynamics, Gustav
Anton Zeuner, became director of the college. He developted the college as an university like
polytechnikum.
Finaly the college became a university in 1890. It got the right to offer the doctor's degree in
1900. The first decades of the 20th century gave the scientific profile to the university. New
institutes were connected to the names of famous scientists, like Heinrich Barkhausen, who
founded an institute for low currency techiques in 1911 (this institute was the first of his kind
in Germany), the chemists Fritz Foerster and Walter Koenig, the engineers Ludwig Binder,
Georg Berndt and many more.
By the way the famous romanist Victor Klemperer should be mentioned. He worked at the
university till he was refused by the fascists.
Important buildings of the TU are named by such scientists.
1929 was an important year for the ploytechnical character of the university, when the
highschool for foresters in Tharandt joint the university. From this moment the oldest forest-
acadamy belongs to the university. The academy was founded by Heinrich Cotta in 1816.
The range of the fields, the university deals with became wider and wider. Such important
fields like engineering at all, economics, philosophy and last but not least natural sciences
built up the face of the university, which was called Technical University since 1961. The well
known chemist Kurt Schwabe became its first Rektor (that means chief). In 1986 the
engineer-highschool joint the university and so one modern part of engineer-science was
added, the bio-medical techniques.
The University today
When in start of 1990, after the unification with the Federal Republic of Germany the
physician Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Guenther Landgraf became Rektor, a new part
of scientific live started.
This event called the university back to community of German no less the international
universities, back to the tradition of German developement of science. A period started,
which helps the scientists to be unindependend from politics, only to be autonomous,
creative and with no borders in mind. It helps them to connect technical equipment with
innovative ideas, leading to new successes in teaching and research.
It is the declared aim that the most interesting facilities of TUD (Technical University of
Dresden)
- interdepartmental work with wide range
- a real mathematical-scientific basis for engineer-sciences
- mindfull and weighted connection between theoretical niveau
and praxis
- intensive scientific supervising for students
should mark teaching and research in future too.
New Departements - the Future is to be discovered
The year 1991 was important for decisions to the profile of the TUD. Because of the tradition
of scientific universality and with respect to the importance of fields like teaching, philosophy
or economy the creation of departements for philosophy,
economicy,
teaching and
courting was forced.
With the connection with the Paedagogic Highschool it became possible to start the training
of the teachers for Basic-, Middle-School and Gymnasium in the winter-term 1992/93.
In 1992, the departement for trafic, named by Friedrich List, started teaching
"Verkehrsingenieurwesen" (dealing with traffic). It is the only departement in Germany
dealing with that part of engineer-science. It was built up by parts of the former highschool for
traffic, so it is closed to accepted tradition of traffic-sciences in Dresden.
Last but not least the Departement for Medicin was founded.
A universality like at TUD not many European universities can proof.
Departements of TUD: Departement of Mathematics and Natural sciences
Departement of Informatics
Departement of Electro-techniques
Departement of Engineering
Departement of Traffic-Science "Friedrich List"
Departement of Water- and Forest-Science
Departement of Economics
Departement of Philosophy and Social-Sciences
Departement of Paedagogic
Departement of Law and Courting
Departement of Medicin
Kinds of Studies at TUD
Refer to page 12.
Research and Teaching - a Unit
Research is needed bt universal education. It belongs to a maxims of scientific work at TUD
that teaching and research should be observed as an unity. This rule is kept over a hundert
years. It marks the line joint by teachers and assistants of TUD. Not at least the specific
picture of graduates of this university is founded on it. That means that research and
teaching always influenced one to the other. The students are already working in research.
They realize scientific work hand in hand with the teachers. This is an important point of view
for the development of rising generations of scientits.
So the profile of research shows a big influence to the profile of teaching.
The orientation on multiple tasks of technique, starting with scientific foundations and leading
to ecological connections, social points of view, paedagogical, economic problems and
problems of development of technology.
As an academical place of teaching and research the TUD shows respect especially to basic
research. The strong connection to applicable research helps the results of research to be
used in industry.
Among the big amount of engineer-sciences this departments are dominant, which are basis
or part of special innovative development. That means the fields of electro-technique,
informatics and computer-science, e.g. problems of automatic system generation of
computer-architectures and questions of special analogous systems are discussed. Since
1992 the first extra research project has dealt with complex electronic systems. Basic
scientific potentials lead to automation of processes, machines and apparatures, up to CIM-
strategies and real (sub-)solutions.
Many works are situated between natural- and engineer-sciences, e.g. the mechanic of
continuum of non-elastic solids. Some more basics are the science of polymeric plastics and
basic research on polymeric textiles with respect to the use as an innovative substitute for
electrotechniques, engineering and measuring of mechanic rays. Not at least the physics of
solids is an improtant part of research at TUD.
Also the new department of traffic-science is an important scientific part of live at TUD and
will get special support in the near future.
A well known potential belongs to the university by the field of design at protection of
enviroment. Closed to the field of forest- and water-science enviromental techniques and
ecological build got great importance.
Works on the field of innovative process-design and process- techniques are added.
So inter-department work is needed by this fields.
The scientific power of TUD is stregthened by the federal ministery of research and
techology, the German Community of Research and the private industries.
It is remarkable that the technical equipment of TUD became better and more modern in the
last years. An IBM 3090 and a Fujitsu VP 200-EX ("Landesvektorrechner") can be use by
scientists and students. The German Research Network (DFN) built a reference center in
1991 (GOPHER-services are available through: RINFO.urz.tu-dresden.de or
Internet IP: 141.30.66.6, login:gopher).
In July 1991 the Technical University of Dresden became a member of the German
Community of Research.
As a scientific information center the university, the university-library offers the students and
scientists literature for research and teaching. It is a public scientific library too. The literature
collected by the library reflects the profile of TUD.
At this time the library ownes about 1.2 million volumes, 137'000 dissertations and 3800
papers. Accept the main library there are 23 department-libraries, owning valuable special
literature.
An important office is the Patent Information Center. Here one can find about 3.5 million
national as well as international patent-sheets and a collection of DIN, including ISO, IEC,
NE and VDE-norms.
In nearly all of the department-libraries there are online-information services available. With
the help of national or international hosts like STN Karlsruhe, FIZ Technik Frankfurt am Main
or data star, Suisse, it is possible to finde litarature all over the world. These services are
expanded more and more.
Pictures:
pg. 1 The campus (Beyer-Bau)
pg. 2 Dresden from the north strand of river Elbe
The Saxxon Swizzerland
pg. 3 The entrance to Schumannn-Bau
pg. 5 The entrance to Beyer-Bau
pg. 6 The campus Gorges-Bau
pg. 7 -"-
The Cotta-Bau in Tharandt
The forest-botanic-garden, Tharandt
pg. 8 Laboratory
pg. 9 The modern high-vacuum laboratory
pg. 10 The students houses at Foerster-Platz
TUD - an international university
(today there are studying about 1100 foreigners at TUD)
pg. 14 The botanic-garden of TUD, Dresden
One can choose from a great offer of cultural live
pg. 15 Sports - rock climbing (with an old tradition)
Tennis ... and much more
pg. 16 Modern research
pg. 17 -"-
pg. 18 CIM-laboratory
pg. 19 CAD-workstation
pg. 21 The technology center at Bergstrasse
Translation by Nils Schmeisser, Department of Mathematics, 1993
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