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41396 Publications

Characterization of defects in thick semiconducting amorphous YMnO3

Bogusz, A.; Anwand, W.; Blaschke, D.; Scholz, A.; Cornelius, S.; Bürger, D.; Skorupa, I.; Schmidt, O. G.; Schmidt, H.

In recent years amorphous semiconducting oxides have gained a lot of attention both from science and industry [1]. The rapid development in this field can be illustrated with the example of amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistors. Although invented only approximately one decade ago, they are already commercialized for active-matrix liquid crystal display backplane applications. Comparing to single-crystalline and polycrystalline materials, processing of amorphous oxides benefits from the easiness of production on the large, both plastic and glass areas (e.g. for solar cells) at low temperatures. In addition, thanks to amorphous nature, the problem of scattering (e.g. of light or carriers) and trapping at the defects of crystal structure and/or grain boundaries is avoided. “Amorphous”, however, does not mean “defect free” and as in the case of crystals, defects significantly influence the electronic, vibrational, optical and transport properties of the material. In this work, we present an attempt to identify and characterize defects in amorphous YMnO3, a well-known multiferroic when in crystalline form [2], deposited on sapphire by multiple techniques. We use X-ray diffractometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy to define composition, structural and surface properties of the oxides. Optical properties in the range between 210 and 1000 nm are measured and modelled by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Open volume defects are probed by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). Comparison of results obtained on as-grown films and films annealed at T= 400°C for 5 and 10 hours in air allows for qualitative description of defects formed in YMnO3. According to the results of PAS presented in Figure 1, we consider following scenarios: (1) two types of negatively charged, vacancy-type defects are formed during the growth of which one was annealed out and (2) one type of negatively charged, vacancy-type defect is formed during the growth which agglomerates to bigger and stable form during annealing. Our research enables qualitative description of the defects in the amorphous semiconducting films. Obtained results might be used for (1) further optimization of film processing in order to reduce amount of defects, or for (2) defect engineering in order to prepare a film with tuned properties.
[1] T. Kamiya, H. Hosono, NPG Asia Mater. 2 (2010) 15-22
[2] B. B. Van Aken, T. T. M. Palstra, A. Filippetti, N. A. Spaldin, Nat. Mater. 3 (2004) 164-170

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The 16th conference on defects-recognition, imaging and physics in semiconductors, 06.-10.09.2015, Suzhou, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22576
Publ.-Id: 22576


Comparison of Consolidation Routes for Mo-Si-B Materials Prepared by Using Nitride Containing Powders

Wiltner, A.; Klöden, B.; Hilger, I.; Weißgärber, T.; Kieback, B.

Pressureless sintering is a well-established powder metallurgical route for processing and consolidation of mixed materials. Especially materials exhibiting a high melting point could be densified without tool abrasion by this sintering technique. As the sintering temperatures are often higher compared to pressure-assisted techniques care must be taken by means of grain growth. In our studies we used a ternary compound mixture to obtain Mo-based alloys. Consolidation applying pressure-assisted methods (hot pressing, spark plasma sintering) and pressureless sintering were used, respectively. The densities reached and the microstructures obtained were compared. These Mo-Si-B alloys were processed using a nitride-powder-based route offering lower impurity contents due to short processing times by avoiding time consuming mixing / milling steps. The sintering conditions depending on the powder particle size as well as the sample shape will be presented in detail. The composition investigated in this article offered a continuous α-Mo matrix with intermetallic islands consisting of Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2 (T2) phases. The combination of a ductile α-Mo matrix and intermetallic phases embedded within offered an enhanced mechanical behavior at room temperature compared to MoSi2 or other intermetallic alloys. Moreover, the intermetallic compounds as well as Mo are candidates for high-temperature applications. As the high-temperature behavior could be strongly influenced by the respective microstructure we present here the processing and the microstructure obtained.

Keywords: Grain growth; High temperature applications; Hot pressing; Intermetallics; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Nitrides; Particle size; Silicon; Silicon alloys; Sintering; Spark plasma sintering; Ternary alloys; High temperature behavior; Intermetallic alloys; Intermetallic phasis; Mechanical behavior; Powder metallurgical; Pressure-less sintering; Sintering condition; Sintering temperatures

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22575
Publ.-Id: 22575


Solarenergie und Photovoltaik - Nanostrukturen für mehr Leistungsfähigkeit

Schumann, E.

Der Vortrag führt in die verschiedenen Methoden zur Stromerzeugung aus Sonnenlicht ein. Nach einer Motivation über die Rahmenbedingungen werden die verschiedenen Konzepte und Funktionsweisen der Solarthermie und der Photovoltaik vorgestellt. In einer engen Partnerschaft mit industriellen Partnern arbeitet die Gruppe Nanokompositmaterialien des Instituts für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung an neuartigen Nanostrukturen. Diese können in unterschiedlichsten Komponenten von solarthermischen Kraftwerken und Solarzellen, ähnlich der von Dünnschichtsilizium, zur Anwendung kommen.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Lehrerfortbildung 2015, 13.02.2015, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22574
Publ.-Id: 22574


Spectroscopic Ellipsometry - short course

Schumann, E.; Lungwitz, F.

A short introduction into spectroscopic ellipsometry. Covering topics starting with the nature and description of polarized light. The optical constants and dielectric function is introduced and the interaction from light with bulk matter and multiple thin films is discussed. The first part concludes with the explanation of what an ellipsometer measures.
The second half of the course comprises basic analysis procedures, model building with oscillator models, fitting and walk through steps of some examples.

  • Lecture (others)
    Workshop, 15.10.2015, Sevilla, Espana

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22573
Publ.-Id: 22573


Investigation of mass transfer in milli-channels using high-resolution microfocus X-ray imaging

Haghnegahdar, M.; Boden, S.; Hampel, U.

In this work, the absorption rate of a single Taylor bubble of carbon dioxide in water was investigated within vertical capillaries using high resolution X-ray imaging. The liquid side mass transfer coefficient was calculated from the changes in the size of the bubble at constant pressure obtained from the high-resolution X-ray images by image processing. The bubbles were continuously monitored by holding the bubble stationary in a downward flow of liquid. The processed images, which give the volume of the bubble with high accuracy as a function of time, were processed to evaluate the liquid side mass transfer coefficient between bubble and liquid using the mass conservation equation.
The experiments covered a large range of initial Taylor bubble length varying from 5 to 22 mm. The results show that the measured Sherwood numbers depend strongly on the bubble length and also equivalent diameter, which is the same trend as in previously reported results for larger pipe sizes. However the values of measured Sherwood numbers could not be predicted by available correlations. As a result a new mass transfer coefficient in the form of Sherwood number and as a function of Peclet number as well as the ratio of bubble equivalent diameter to capillary diameter (deq/D) is presented. The proposed correlation is applicable for a large range of the ratio deq/D that varies from 0.8 to 1.6. The average relative error between measured Sherwood number and the one calculated with the new correlation is less than 9.6%.

Keywords: mass transfer; Taylor bubble; carbon dioxide; X-ray imaging; milli-channels

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22572
Publ.-Id: 22572


Leitwertkontrolle einzelner elektrisch kontaktierter Moleküle

Sendler, T.

Die molekulare Elektronik setzt sich zum Ziel, passive und aktive Bausteine in integrierten Schaltkreisen auf molekularer Ebene zu realisieren. Dabei ist entscheidend, dass sich der elektrische Leitwert der molekularen Bauelemente hinreichend regulieren lässt. Um zu belegen, dass dies möglich ist, wird in dieser Dissertation die gezielte Leitwertkontrolle einzelner über Nanoelektroden kontaktierter Moleküle nachgewiesen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse ergänzen dabei nahtlos aktuellste Studien.
Zum einen werden kontaktierte molekulare Schalter durch Bestrahlung mit Licht einer bestimmten Wellenlänge in-situ von einem nicht-leitenden in einen leitenden Zustand geschaltet, wobei der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Seitengruppen für eine zusätzliche Modifikation des Leitwerts sorgt. Ausschlaggebend ist hierbei die elektronische Anbindung des Moleküls an die Elektroden. Zum anderen werden Molekül-Metall-Komplexe durch die Einbindung eines Übergangsmetallions von einem isolierenden in einen leitenden Zustand versetzt. In diesem Fall lässt sich der leitende Zustand durch die Wahl des Ions innerhalb einer Größenordnung variieren, was eine völlig neue Möglichkeit der Leitwertkontrolle in molekularen Bausteinen darstellt. Das Ion bestimmt dabei sowohl die mechanische Stabilität als auch die elektronische Struktur des Moleküls.
Für die Kontaktierung einzelner Moleküle kommt die Technik des mechanisch kontrollierten Bruchkontakts zum Einsatz. So lassen sich feine Goldnanoelektroden herstellen, an die Moleküle anbinden. Um eine präzise Analyse durchzuführen, werden über zwei unabhängige Messstrategien Informationen über das elektrische Transportverhalten sowie über die elektronische Struktur der Moleküle erworben.
In dieser Arbeit sind echte Neuentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der molekularen Elektronik gelungen, die einen wesentlichen Beitrag für die Umsetzung integrierter molekularer Schaltkreise leisten.

Related publications

  • Doctoral thesis
    TU Dresden, 2015
    129 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22570
Publ.-Id: 22570


Induced Conductance in Single-Molecule Junctions

Sendler, T.; Luka-Guth, K.; Wieser, M.; Lokamani, J. W.; Mortensen, M.; Gothelf, K.; Helm, M.; Gemming, S.; Kerbusch, J.; Scheer, E.; Huhn, T.; Erbe, A.

The goal of molecular electronics is the realization of integrated molecular circuits. For this purpose reliable contacts to single molecules have to be built and the characteristics of those junctions need to be investigated. We have demonstrated that the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique is a suitable tool to study the electrical transport through molecular junctions and to analyze the electronic structure of the molecules. Furthermore, based on the use of complex molecules, we are able to control the conductance of single molecular junctions. On the one hand, molecular switches are transformed in-situ from a non-conductive “off”- to a conductive ”on”-state via light-irradiation of a well-defined wavelength. On the other hand molecule-metal complexes are turned from an isolating to a conductive state by introducing metal centers into the molecular structures. The findings provide a significant contribution to the development of functional molecular junctions.

Related publications

  • Poster
    Annual Workshop IHRS NanoNet 2015, 30.09.-02.10.2015, Lohmen, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22569
Publ.-Id: 22569


Zellbasierte Sensor- und Aktormaterialien für strategisch relevante Metalle

Vogel, M.; Matys, S.; Raff, J.

Unter dem Leitmotiv „Lebende Zellen auf Oberflächen – hochempfindlich, trotzdem stabil“ soll die BioSAM-Technologieplattform für eine breite wirtschaftliche Nutzung von zellbasierten Sensor-Aktor-Systemen in den Bereichen Bioverfahrenstechnik, Wasser- und Umwelttechnologie sowie Klimatechnik erschlossen werden. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes BioNEWS geht es um Langzeitstabile Zellen zum Aufbau und zur Regenerierung von Sensor- und Aktorsystemen für den Nachweis und die Bindung strategisch relevanter Metalle (insbesondere Seltene Erden). Hier werden die Detektions- und Sorptionskonzepte sowie erste Ergebnisse zu den entsprechnden zellbasierten Sensor- und Aktormaterialien vorgestellt.

Keywords: Sensor; Aktor; Seltene Erden; S-Layer; Zellen

  • Poster
    "Wachstumskern BioSAM - Themenworkshop" - Biologische Sensor-Aktor-Systeme auf der Basis von funktionalisierten Mikroorganismen (BioSAM), 04.11.2015, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22568
Publ.-Id: 22568


Single-Layer ReS2: Two-Dimensional Semiconductor with Tunable In-Plane Anisotropy

Lin, Y.-C.; Komsa, H.-P.; Yeh, C.-H.; Björkman, T.; Liang, Z.-Y.; Ho, C.-H.; Huang, Y.-S.; Chiu, P.-W.; Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Suenaga, K.

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2), the group 7 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are known to have a layered atomic structure showing an in-plane motif of diamond-shaped-chains (DS-chains) arranged in parallel. Using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and transport measurements, we demonstrate here the direct correlation of electron transport anisotropy in single-layered ReS2 with the atomic orientation of the DS-chains, as also supported by our density functional theory calculations. We further show that the direction of conducting channels in ReS2 and ReSe2 can be controlled by electron beam irradiation at elevated temperatures and follows the strain induced to the sample. Furthermore, high chalcogen deficiency can induce a structural transformation to a nonstoichiometric phase, which is again strongly direction-dependent. This tunable in-plane transport behavior opens up great avenues for creating nanoelectronic circuits in 2D materials.

Keywords: transition metal dichalcogenides; 2D materials; defects

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22567
Publ.-Id: 22567


Xe irradiation of graphene on Ir(111): From trapping to blistering

Herbig, C.; Åhlgren, E. H.; Schröder, U. A.; Martínez-Galera, A. J.; Arman, M. A.; Kotakoski, J.; Knudsen, J.; Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Michely, T.

Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that upon keV Xe+ irradiation of graphene on Ir(111), Xe atoms are trapped under the graphene. Upon annealing, aggregation of Xe leads to graphene bulges and blisters. The efficient trapping is an unexpected and remarkable phenomenon given the absence of chemical binding of Xe to Ir and to graphene, the weak interaction of a perfect graphene layer with Ir(111), as well as the substantial damage to graphene due to irradiation. By combining molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations with our experiments, we uncover the mechanism of trapping. We describe ways to avoid blister formation during graphene growth, and also demonstrate how ion implantation can be used to intentionally create blisters without introducing damage to the graphene layer. Our approach may provide a pathway to synthesize new materials at a substrate—2D material interface or to enable confined reactions at high pressures and temperatures.

Keywords: Graphene; irradiation; defects

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22566
Publ.-Id: 22566


Anwendungen der Röntgenfarbkamera SLcam® in der Geologie und Resourcentechnologie

Scharf, O.; Arkadiev, V.; Buchriegler, J.; Dressler, S.; Kühn, A.; Renno, A.; Ziegenrücker, R.

Die Messung von mikro-Röntgenfluoreszenzspektren über einer Fläche, ein Vollfeld Röntgenfluoreszenzdatensatz, ermöglicht die Verteilung von Elementen und deren Konzentrationen in einer Probe zu bestimmen. Diese Informationen sind wichtig für die Analyse von Gesteinsproben und die (Rück-)Gewinnung von Wertstoffen, da sich der Aufschluss und die Aufbereitung neben der chemischen Zusammensetzung auch nach den umgebenden Stoffen und der Größen- und Formverteilung richten. Diese Daten werden vor allem durch die Mineral Liberation Analyse am Rasterelektronenmikroskop gewonnen und durch gezielte Messungen an ausgewählten Punkten verfeinert.
In jüngster Zeit wurden zwei Forschungsprojekte gestartet, die den Vollfeld Röntgenfluoreszenzdatensatz mit Hilfe der Röntgenfarbkamera gewinnen. Im Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf wurde die High-Speed PIXE Anlage in Betrieb genommen, die einen Vollfeld Röntgenfluoreszenzdatensatz über eine 1,44 cm2 große Fläche mit Hilfe der protoneninduzierten Röntgenfluoreszenz aufnimmt. In der gleichen Geometrie wurde ein Auftischgerät entwickelt (MEGA), das zur Anregung eine 1.2 kW Röntgenröhre nutzt. Zusätzlich wurde ein Polarisationsmikroskop integriert. Beide Geräte arbeiten im Vakuum und können mit unterschiedlichen Optiken verwendet werden.
Die Projekte werden vorgestellt und erste Ergebnisse werden präsentiert.

Projekt Mega:

MEGA - Methodische und gerätetechnische F&E für die schnelle Vorort-Analyse der feinkörnigen und inhomogenen Verteilung von Hochtechnologiemetallen in Lagerstätten

Projekt HS-Pixe:

This work has been supported by Marie Curie Actions - Initial Training Networks (ITN) as an Integrating Activity Supporting Postgraduate Research with Internships in Industry and Training Excellence (SPRITE) under EC contract no. 317169.

Keywords: SLcam; X-ray; PIXE; XRF

Related publications

  • Poster
    PRORA 2015 - Prozessnahe Röntgenanalytik, 12.-13.11.2015, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22565
Publ.-Id: 22565


My Interpretation of DREsden AMS – Status, Developments, Ideas

Rugel, G.

DREAMS, the DREsden AMS-facility at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is performing routine accelerator mass spectrometry of 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, and 129I for a wide range of applications [1]. I will give an overview of the facility with its 6 MV HVEE tandetron and also its performance the last four years. Recent technical developments such as a low-memory ion source for 36Cl and 129I will be shown. Some of the applications will be highlighted. I will also briefly report the status of the Super-SIMS project, which will connect a CAMECA SIMS (SIMS = Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) to the tandem accelerator aiming for lower detection limits for analysing geological samples within our focus of resource technology. Ref.: [1] www.dresden-ams.de

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Vera-Seminar, 15.10.2015, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22564
Publ.-Id: 22564


Strengths of the resonances at 436, 479, 639, 661, and 1279 keV in the 22Ne(p,γ)23Na reaction

Depalo, R.; Cavanna, F.; Ferraro, F.; Slemer, A.; Al-Abdullah, T.; Akhmadaliev, S.; Anders, M.; Bemmerer, D.; Elekes, Z.; Mattei, G.; Reinicke, S.; Schmidt, K.; Scian, C.; Wagner, L.

The 22Ne(p,γ)23Na reaction is included in the neon-sodium cycle of hydrogen burning. A number of narrow resonances in the Gamow window dominates the thermonuclear reaction rate. Several resonance strengths are only poorly known. As a result, the 22Ne(p,γ)23Na thermonuclear reaction rate is the most uncertain rate of the cycle. Here, a new experimental study of the strengths of the resonances at 436, 479, 639, 661, and 1279 keV proton beam energy is reported. The data have been obtained using a tantalum target implanted with 22Ne. The strengths ωγ of the resonances at 436, 639, and 661 keV have been determined with a relative approach, using the 479 and 1279 keV resonances for normalization. Subsequently, the ratio of resonance strengths of the 479 and 1279 keV resonances was determined, improving the precision of these two standards. The new data are consistent with, but more precise than, the literature with the exception of the resonance at 661 keV, which is found to be less intense by one order of magnitude. In addition, improved branching ratios have been determined for the gamma decay of the resonances at 436, 479, and 639 keV.

Keywords: Nuclear Astrophysics; Radiative Capture; Underground Nuclear Astrophysics; Nova nucleosynthesis; Explosive hydrogen burning

Related publications

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22563
Publ.-Id: 22563


Diffusive magnetohydrodynamic instabilities beyond the Chandrasekhar theorem

Rüdiger, G.; Schultz, M.; Stefani, F.; Mond, M.

We consider the stability of axially unbounded cylindrical flows that contain a toroidal magnetic background field with the same radial profile as their azimuthal velocity. For ideal fluids, Chandrasekhar had shown the stability of this configuration if the Alfven velocity of the field equals the velocity of the background flow, i.e., if the magnetic Mach number Mm = 1. We demonstrate that magnetized Taylor–Couette flows with such profiles become unstable against non-axisymmetric perturbations if at least one of the diffusivities is finite. We also find that for small magnetic Prandtl numbers Pm the lines of marginal instability scale with the Reynolds number and the Hartmann number. In the limit Pm -> 0 the lines of marginal instability completely lie below the line for Mm = 1 and for Pm -> infinity they completely lie above this line. For any finite value of Pm, however, the lines of marginal instability cross the line Mm = 1, which separates slow from fast rotation. The minimum values of the field strength and the rotation rate that are needed for the instability (slightly) grow if the rotation law becomes flat. In this case, the electric current of the background field becomes so strong that the current-driven Tayler instability (which also exists without rotation) appears in the bifurcation map at low Hartmann numbers.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22562
Publ.-Id: 22562


Transient eddy current flow metering

Forbriger, J.; Stefani, F.

Measuring local velocities or entire flow rates in liquid metals or semiconductor melts is a notorious problem in many industrial applications, including metal casting and silicon crystal growth. We present a new variant of an old technique which relies on the continuous tracking of a flow-advected transient eddy current that is induced by a pulsed external magnetic field. This calibration-free method is validated by applying it to the velocity of a spinning disk made of aluminum. First tests at a rig with a flow of liquid GaInSn are also presented.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22561
Publ.-Id: 22561


Collinear order in the frustrated three-dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnet Li2CuW2O8

Ranjith, K. M.; Nath, R.; Skoulatos, M.; Keller, L.; Kasinathan, D.; Skourski, Y.; Tsirlin, A. A.

Magnetic frustration in three dimensions (3D) manifests itself in the spin-1/2 insulator Li2CuW2O8. Density-functional band-structure calculations reveal a peculiar spin lattice built of triangular planes with frustrated interplane couplings. The saturation field of 29 T contrasts with the susceptibility maximum at 8.5 K and a relatively low Néel temperature TN similar or equal to 3.9 K. Magnetic order below TN is collinear with the propagation vector (0, 1/2,0) and an ordered moment of 0.65(4) µB according to neutron diffraction data. This reduced ordered moment together with the low maximum of the magnetic specific heat (Cmax/R similar or equal to 0.35) pinpoint strong magnetic frustration in 3D. Collinear magnetic order suggests that quantum fluctuations play a crucial role in this system, where a noncollinear spiral state would be stabilized classically.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22560
Publ.-Id: 22560


High-field magnetization study of a HoFe6Al6 single crystal

Gorbunov, D. I.; Andreev, A. V.; Skourski, Y.; Tereshina, E. A.

Magnetization measurements have been performed in static (up to 14 T) and pulsed (up to 60 T) magnetic fields on a HoFe6Al6 single crystal with a tetragonal crystal structure of ThMn type. HoFe6Al6 is a ferrimagnet with exact compensation of the Ho and Fe sublattices at low temperatures, the spontaneous magnetic moment is Ms = 0 at 4.2 K. At elevated temperatures, Ms passes through a wide maximum (4.2 µB at 200 K) and vanishes at the Curie temperature, TC = 315 K. The compound displays a high magnetic anisotropy of the easy-plane type, a noticeable anisotropy exists also within the easy plane with the [110] axis as the easy magnetization direction. HoFe6Al6 exhibits two field-induced magnetic phase transitions along the easy [110] axis and two more along the [100] axis, the hard direction in the basal plane. The critical fields of the lower-and higher-field transitions display qualitatively different temperature dependencies. A T-H magnetic phase diagram has been constructed for the [100] and [110] directions. The Ho-Fe inter-sublattice exchange constant has been determined to be nHoFe = 3.8 T/µB.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22559
Publ.-Id: 22559


MLA-based partition curves for magnetic separation

Leißner, T.; Bachmann, K.; Gutzmer, J.; Peuker, U. A.

Mineral liberation analysis (MLA) allows access to detailed information on the composition of a sample as well as of single particles visible on the cross-sectioned surface of a grain mount. This information can be used to evaluate processing related to the liberation distribution of valuables or to the distribution of a feature used for separation of valuables from barren particles. When separation processes are studied, the separation feature has to be added to the particle population data. In case of density separation (particle size and particle density) this is already been done by MLA software. For magnetic separation the MLA data has to be combined with mineral susceptibilities using additional software.
This article describes the calculation of partition curves for magnetic separation based on the liberation analysis of the feed and the products. Magnetic susceptibility data from measurements of pure minerals and from literature are is and combined with the particle composition data from the liberation analysis. Using sieved fractions in the magnetic separation experiments the evolution of cut susceptibility and separation efficiency with particle size is studied. The effects of a stereological correction and of the width of susceptibility classes as well as of the mineral susceptibilities used in calculation are discussed.

Keywords: partition curves; magnetic separation; mineral liberation analysis

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22558
Publ.-Id: 22558


Spectroscopic screening for the speciation of europium and curium in the gastrointestinal tract

Wilke, C.; Barkleit, A.; Stumpf, T.

Lanthanide and actinide elements are exogenous metals, which have no essential role in normal biochemistry. Through different processes these heavy metals could be potentially released into the environment where they could be further incorporated into the food chain. Because of their potential chemical- and radiotoxicity, it is important to understand their chemical and biological behavior in the human body. This study focuses particularly on the biochemical behavior of Ln(III) and An(III) in the human gastrointestinal tract. To this end, a spectroscopic screening was performed for Eu(III), as a representative of Ln(III) and An(III), by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) to identify their possible binding partners in the human gastrointestinal system simulated by using an in vitro digestion model.

Keywords: body fluids; digestive system; lanthanides; actinides; europium; curium; TRLFS

  • Lecture (Conference)
    RANC-International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 10.-15.04.2016, Budapest, Ungarn

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22557
Publ.-Id: 22557


Using quasi-DNS to investigate the deposition of elongated aerosol particles in a wavy channel flow

Lecrivain, G.; Rayan, R.; Hurtado, A.; Hampel, U.

In gas-cooled high temperature reactors, the diffusion of the fission products into the graphite matrix causes a radioactive contamination of the carbonaceous dust. The contaminated graphite aerosol particles often exhibit large aspect ratios and deposit in complex geometries, which hinders a detailed experimental investigation. The use of quasi Direct Numerical Simulation (quasi-DNS) to simulate the turbulent flow in nuclear reactors has seen an increased interest over the last few years. The capabilities of a quasi-DNS to simulate the transport and the deposition of elongated particles in an wavy channel flow are presently tested. It is shown that quasi-DNS effectively predicts deposition and that, unlike the deposition in a plane channel flow, the particle aspect ratio has no significant effect on the overall deposition rate in a wavy channel. It is suggested that in numerical studies of particle deposition on a significantly roughened channel, the particle can be assumed to be spherical without affecting the results of the deposition study.

Keywords: Graphite dust deposition; high temperature reactor; quasi-DNS; deposition of elongated particles; wavy channel flow

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22556
Publ.-Id: 22556


Gravitational settling of glass fibers on an air bubble

Lecrivain, G.; Petrucci, G.; Hampel, U.; Yamamoto, R.

Froth flotation is a separation process in which air bubbles are introduced in a water tank to separate the valuable commodities from the valueless material. Based on their relative affinity to water the valuable particles attach to the bubble surface and are carried to the top of the flotation tank to form the froth layer. The resulting froth layer is eventually collected to produce the concentrate. Froth flotation has been used for more than a century in mining operations to separate valuable materials such as rare earth metals from excavated ores. More recently, froth flotation has been employed for the treatment of contaminated water. In the present study, the effect of the particle elongation on the attachment mechanism is investigated in great detail. Using an in-house optical micro-bubble sensor the attachment of micron glass fibres on the surface of a stationary air bubble immersed in stagnant water is investigated. The attachment mechanism is here defined as three successive events: the approach of the particle near the bubble upstream pole, the collision of the solid particle with the gas-liquid interface and the particle sliding on the gas bubble surface. The translational particle velocities together with the particle orientation during entire attachment process are measured and compared with a theoretical model. For the first time the existence of two types of attachment is shown. Upon collision near the upstream pole of the gas bubble the major axis of the fibre aligns with the local bubble surface. If collision occurs at least 30° further downstream the contact is likely to take a punctual form, i.e. the head of the fibre is in contact with the gas-liquid interface.

Keywords: Froth flotation; particle attachment; gas bubble; micro-bubble sensor

  • Contribution to proceedings
    ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, 26.-31.07.2015, Seoul, South Korea
    Proceedings of the ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference
    DOI: 10.1115/AJKFluids2015-16458

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22555
Publ.-Id: 22555


Universal ultrafast detector for short optical pulses based on graphene

Mittendorff, M.; Kamann, J.; Eroms, J.; Weiss, D.; Drexler, C.; Ganichev, S. D.; Kerbusch, J.; Erbe, A.; Suess, R. J.; Murphy, T. E.; Chatterjee, S.; Kolata, K.; Ohser, J.; König-Otto, J. C.; Schneider, H.; Helm, M.; Winnerl, S.

Graphene has unique optical and electronic properties that make it attractive as an active material for broadband ultrafast detection. We present here a graphene-based detector that shows 40-picosecond electrical rise time over a spectral range that spans nearly three orders of magnitude, from the visible to the far-infrared. The detector employs a large area graphene active region with interdigitated electrodes that are connected to a log-periodic antenna to improve the long-wavelength collection efficiency, and a silicon carbide substrate that is transparent throughout the visible regime. The detector exhibits a noise-equivalent power of approximately 100 μW·Hz–½ and is characterized at wavelengths from 780 nm to 500 μm.

Keywords: detector; broadband detector; fast detector; graphene

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22554
Publ.-Id: 22554


THz Autocorrelators for ps Pulse Characterization Based on Schottky Diodes and Rectifying Field-Effect Transistors

Preu, S.; Mittendorff, M.; Winnerl, S.; Cojocari, O.; Penirschke, A.

When operating Schottky diodes andr ectifying field-effect transistors in the saturation regime, where they show a sub-
linear response to incident THz power, they can be used as fast autorcorrelators yielding information on the pulse envelope. We report on autocorrelation measurements at 3.41 THz of high-power THz pulses for determination of the pulse duration and pulse structure. By fringe resolved measurements, the THz frequency of the pulse is also obtained. We develop a theoretical model for the rectification process and compare the performance of anantenna-coupled Schottky diode to a large-area field-effecttransistorrectifier. While the Schottky diode saturates earlier and can therefore be used for autocorrelation measurements at lower input power, antenna-less large-area field-effect transistors can be used for highest power levels - even at free electron lasers - and turn out to be very robust.

Keywords: autocorrelator; detector; Schottky diode; field-effect transistor

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22553
Publ.-Id: 22553


Schlussbericht: Apparatus for in-situ defect Analysis (AIDA)

Fassbender, J.; Potzger, K.; Wagner, A.

Ziel des Antrages ist die Entwicklung eines Systems (Apparatus for in-situ defect analysis, AIDA) zur Untersuchung und zur experimentellen Simulation der Defektentstehung in neuartigen, für die Energiewende relevanten Materialien. Das Besondere am AIDA-System ist, dass diese Untersuchungen/Simulationen im oberflächennahen Bereich bereits auf der atomaren Skala, d.h. in einem frühen Stadium der Defektentstehung erfolgen, sowie in-situ („live“-Messungen) und somit ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Defektentstehung erlauben.

Keywords: Materialien für die Energiewende; Defekte; Positronenannihilationsspektroskopie; Ionenstrahlanalytik

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  • Other report
    Dresden: Eigenverlag, 2015

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22552
Publ.-Id: 22552


Investigation of the release of zinc in the reactor sump and the behavior of dissolved zinc at hotspots in the reactor core after a loss of coolant accident

Renger, S.; Alt, S.; Kästner, W.; Seeliger, A.; Kryk, H.

Generic experimental and methodical investigations were carried out aiming at the systematical elucidation of physico-chemical mechanisms and their influence on thermo-hydraulic processes, which can occur during the sump circulation operation after loss-of-coolant accidents in PWR. In such cases, boric acid containing coolant with dissolved zinc, which is formed by corrosion of zinc-coated containment internals, may reach core regions with higher temperature (hot-spots).
The experimental studies done at semi-technical scale were focused on the influence of such zinc containing coolants on thermo-hydraulics at heating configurations similar to those inside the core of PWR. The impact of physico-chemical mechanisms on thermo-fluid-dynamical behavior of the coolant inside a 3×3 heating rod configuration with spacer segments was determined. As an initial condition, boric coolant with dissolved zinc was used at a fluid temperature in the range of 45...50°C.
During the heating of zinc-containing coolant, an increasing turbidity of the fluid caused by formed colloids was observed first, followed by the formation of several solid corrosion products consisting of zinc borates. In dependence of the temperatures of fluid and heatable surfaces, the solids showed a different behavior concerning their mobilization potential, density and ability to layer formation. Deposits occurred at the rod surfaces as well as at the spacer segments. They effected a hindered heat transfer from the rod surfaces to the fluid, an increasing head loss at the spacers and some changes of the flow distribution. In addition, quantifications of the formed solid corrosion products including a characterization of the released particles were done. Subsequently, investigations were expanded considering original zinc sources (zinc-coated gratings) and a 16×16 fuel rod dummy with a centered 8×8 heating rod configuration.
Summing up, achieved experimental results allow conclusions about the solubility behavior of zinc corrosion products in boric coolant as well as about the formation of solids and the effects thereof. Beside processes of deposit layer formation and particle release, effects like outgassing of air dissolved in the coolant and local subcooled boiling phenomena were observed, which can contribute to the remobilization of formed solids and may strengthen the mentioned mechanisms.

Keywords: reactor safety research; loss of coolant accident; particle formation; corrosion; zinc release; zinc borate; experiment

  • Lecture (Conference)
    NURETH-16, 16th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, 30.08.-04.09.2015, Chicago, USA
  • Contribution to proceedings
    NURETH-16, 16th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, 30.08.-04.09.2015, Chicago, USA
    Proceedings of NURETH-16

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22551
Publ.-Id: 22551


Kerntechnische Ausbildung und Forschung in Deutschland – Quo vadis?

Hampel, U.

Der Vortrag widmet sich der Fragestellung, mit welchen Themen und in welcher Tiefe und Breite kerntechnische Ausbildung und Forschung derzeit in Deutschland stattfindet und wie die aktuellen Entwicklungsprognosen dazu sind. Im Zentrum stehen die Fragen: Welche Kompetenzen braucht Deutschland in Zukunft im Bereich nukleare Sicherheit, wie ist die kerntechnische Ausbildung an den Universitäten und Helmholtz-Einrichtungen zu sehen und welche Rolle spielt der Kompetenzverbund Kerntechnik?

Keywords: Kompetenzerhalt Kerntechnik

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Kompetenznetzwerk Forschung und Lehre „Perspektive Kerntechnik“, 07.-08.09.2015, Mannheim, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22550
Publ.-Id: 22550


Melting behavior of americium-doped uranium dioxide

Prieur, D.; Lebreton, F.; Caisso, M.; Martin, P.; Scheinost, A. C.; Somers, J.; Delahaye, T.; Manara, D.

Uranium-americium mixed oxides are considered as potential blankets for americium transmutation in fast neutron reactors. Their thermophysical properties and notably their melting behavior have not been properly assessed although required in order to evaluate the safety of these compounds under irradiation. In this study, we measured via laser heating the melting points under inert atmosphere (Ar) of U1 xAmxO2±δ samples with Am/(U+Am) contents equal to 10, 15 and 20 mol.%. The experimental atmosphere was chosen in order to maintain, as much as possible throughout the heating/cooling cycles, the oxygen-to-metal ratio, initially set very close to 2.00. Structural characterizations of the samples carried out before and after melting confirm that this goal was satisfactorily attained. The obtained melting/solidification temperatures, measured here for the first time, indicate that under the current experimental conditions and as far as the investigated AmO2 contents, the solidus line of the UO2-AmO2 system follows with very good approximation the ideal solution behavior. Accordingly, the observed liquidus formation temperature decreases from 3130 ± 20 K for pure UO2 to 3051 ± 30 K for U0.8Am0.2O2±δ.

Keywords: uranium; americium; XAFS; transmutation

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22549
Publ.-Id: 22549


Entstehung und Vermeidung von Gasmitriss bei Notkühlung – numerische und experimentelle Analysen

Schäfer, T.

Kreiselpumpen kommen im Kraftwerksbereich in vielfältiger Weise zum Einsatz. Sie werden unter anderem als Speisepumpen oder als Umwälzpumpen in Kühlkreisläufen genutzt. Neben hoher Effizienz bei geringem Energieverbrauch bieten sie ein Reihe weiterer Vorteile, wie zum Beispiel ruhiger und kontinuierlicher Förderstrom und hohe Haltbarkeit und Beständigkeit. Erfolgt der Einsatz auch in sicherheitsrelevanten Bereichen, wie z. B. in der Reaktornotkühlung von Kernkraftwerken, muss unbedingt ein störungsfreier und zuverlässiger Betrieb gewährleistet werden. Dies kann nicht mehr sichergestellt werden, wenn es bei der Förderung des Notkühlmittels zu einem Gaseintrag durch Hohlwirbelbildung im Kühlmittelreservoir kommt.
Die vorgestellte Arbeit erläutert zunächst das Problem des Gasmitrisses durch Hohlwirbelbildung. Anschließend werden experimentelle Untersuchungen von Hohlwirbeln und Einlaufgeometrien beschrieben und Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Hohlwirbeln vorgeschlagen. Es werden Möglichkeiten der numerische Modellierung von Hohlwirbeln beschrieben und mit den experiementellen Untersuchungen verglichen. Weiterhin werden ausgewählte Tests an nuklearen Armaturen erläutert. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen des Gaseintrages in sicherheitsrelevante Systemkomponenten, wie Kreiselpumpen und Armaturen mittels tomographischen Untersuchungen aufgeschlossen und analysiert und es werden vorbeugende Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen. Auf den gewonnenen Ergebnissen basierend, können Betriebshinweise für Anlagenbetreiber optimiert werden. Darüber hinaus können verbesserte Design- und Auslegungsempfehlungen für sicherheitsrelevante Systemkomponenten erarbeitet und validiert werden.

Keywords: Notkühlung; Hohlwirbelbildung; Gaseintrag; Kreiselpumpe; Armaturen; Experimente; numerische Modellierung; Computertomographie; emergency cooling; hollow vortex formation; gas entrainment; centrifugal pump; valves; experiments; numeric modelling; computed tomography

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    47. Kraftwerkstechnisches Kolloquium, 13.-14.10.2015, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22548
Publ.-Id: 22548


Synthesis and Structural/Physical Properties of U3Fe2Ge7: A Single-Crystal Study

Henriques, M. S.; Gorbunov, D. I.; Waerenborgh, J. C.; Pasturel, M.; Andreev, A. V.; Dusek, M.; Skourski, Y.; Havela, L.; Goncalves, A. P.

A single crystal of U3Fe2Ge7 was synthesized by the tin-flux method, and its structural and electronic properties were studied. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal structure of La3Co2Sn7 type with two Wyckoff sites for the U atoms. U3Fe2Ge7 displays a ferromagnetic order below TC = 62 K. Magnetization measurements in static (up to 14 T) and pulsed (up to 60 T) magnetic fields revealed a strong two-ion uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The easy magnetization direction is along the c axis and the spontaneous magnetic moment is 3.3 μB per formula unit at 2 K. The moment per Fe atom is 0.2 μB, as follows from Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic moments are oriented perpendicular to the shortest inter-uranium distances that occur within the zigzag chains in the ab plane, contrary to other U-based isostructural compounds. The magnetization along the a axis reveals a first-order magnetization process that allows for a quantitative description of the magnetic anisotropy in spite of its enormous energetic strength. The strong anisotropy is reflected in the specific heat and electrical resistivity that are affected by a gap in magnon spectrum.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22547
Publ.-Id: 22547


Giant low field magnetocaloric effect and field-induced metamagnetic transition in TmZn

Li, L.; Yuan, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Namiki, T.; Nishimura, K.; Pöttgen, R.; Zhou, S.

The magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in TmZn have been studied by magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The TmZn compound exhibits a ferromagnetic state below a Curie temperature of TC=8.4K and processes a field-induced metamagnetic phase transition around and above TC. A giant reversible MCE was observed in TmZn. For a field change of 0-5T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (-ΔSMmax) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTadmax) are 26.9J/kg K and 8.6K, the corresponding values of relative cooling power and refrigerant capacity are 269 and 214J/kg, respectively. Particularly, the values of -ΔSMmax reach 11.8 and 19.6J/kg K for a low field change of 0-1 and 0-2T, respectively. The present results indicate that TmZn could be a promising candidate for low temperature and low field magnetic refrigeration.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22546
Publ.-Id: 22546


Detection of mixed-range proton pencil beams with a prompt gamma slit camera

Priegnitz, M.; Helmbrecht, S.; Janssens, G.; Perali, I.; Smeets, J.; Vander Stappen, F.; Sterpin, E.; Fiedler, F.

With increasing availability of proton and particle therapy centers for tumor treatment, the need for in-vivo range verification methods comes more into the focus. Imaging of prompt gamma rays emitted during the treatment is one of the possibilities currently under investigation. A knife-edge shaped slit camera was recently proposed for this task and measurements proved the feasibility of range deviation detection in homogeneous and inhomogeneous targets. In the present paper, we concentrate on laterally inhomogeneous materials, which lead to range mixing situations when crossed by one pencil beam: different sections of the beam have different ranges.
We chose exemplative cases from clinical irradiation and assembled idealized tissue equivalent targets. One-dimensional emission profiles were obtained by measuring the prompt gamma emission with the slit camera. It could be shown that the resulting range deviations can be detected by evaluation of the measured data with a previously developed range deviation detection algorithm. The retrieved value, however, strongly depends on the target composition, and is not necessarily in direct relation to the ranges of both parts of the beam. By combining the range deviation detection with an analysis of the slope of the distal edge of the measured prompt gamma profile, the origin of the detected range deviation, i.e.\ the mixed range of the beam, is also identified. It could be demonstrated that range mixed prompt gamma profiles exhibit less steep distal slopes than profiles from beams traversing laterally homogeneous material. For future application of the slit camera to patient irradiation with double scattered proton beams, situations similar to the range mixing cases are present and results could possibly apply.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22545
Publ.-Id: 22545


A novel thermoregulatory role for PDE10A in mouse and human adipocytes

Hankir, M.; Kranz, M.; Gnad, T.; Wagner, S.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Bronisch, F.; Steinhoff, K.; Luthardt, J.; Klöting, N.; Hesse, S.; Seibyl, J.; Blüher, M.; Sabri, O.; Pfeifer, A.; Brust, P.; Fenske, W.

Phosphodiesterase type 10A (PDE10A) is highly enriched in striatum and a novel drug target for several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. PDE10A has additionally been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed marked levels of PDE10A in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice by utilizing small animal PET/MRI and the novel radioligand [18F]-AQ28A. In addition to BAT, Pde10a mRNA is also expressed in perigonadal visceral white adipose tissue (VAT). Pharmacological targeting of PDE10A with the selective inhibitor MP-10 increased [18F]-FDG uptake by BAT and enhanced thermogenesis in vivo. Moreover, acute MP-10 treatment of mouse brown adipocytes stimulated lipolysis and chronic treatment induced browning of primary human white adipocytes. Functional studies on diet induced obese mice further demonstrated that MP-10 produces weight loss independent of changes in food intake associated with increased energy expenditure and browning of VAT. Finally, human PET imaging with the radioligand [18F]-MNI-659 revealed marked levels of PDE10A in the supraclavicular region where brown/beige adipocytes are clustered in adults. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel thermoregulatory role for PDE10A in mouse and human adipocytes and promote PDE10A inhibitors as promising candidates for the treatment of obesity.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22544
Publ.-Id: 22544


Synthese von substituierten Benzo[4,5]thienopyridinen für die Entwicklung von α7-nAChR-Liganden für die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET)

Paternoga, E.

Es ist kein Abstract vorhanden.

  • Bachelor thesis
    Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, 2015
    Mentor: Prof. Dr. Dr. Athanassios Giannis, Prof. Dr. Peter Brust
    44 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22543
Publ.-Id: 22543


A hybrid electron cyclotron resonance metal ion source with integrated sputter magnetron for the production of an intense Al+ ion beam

Weichsel, T.; Hartung, U.; Kopte, T.; Zschornack, G.; Kreller, M.; Philipp, A.

A metal ion source prototype has been developed: a combination of magnetron sputter technology with 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source technology—a so called magnetron ECR ion source (MECRIS). An integrated ring-shaped sputter magnetron with an Al target is acting as a powerful metal atom supply in order to produce an intense current of singly charged metal ions. Preliminary experiments show that an Al+ ion current with a density of 167 μA/cm2 is extracted from the source at an acceleration voltage of 27 kV. Spatially resolved double Langmuir probe measurements and optical emission spectroscopy were used to study the plasma states of the ion source: sputter magnetron, ECR, and MECRIS plasma. Electron density and temperature as well as Al atom density were determined as a function of microwave and sputter magnetron power. The effect of ECR heating is strongly pronounced in the center of the source. There the electron density is increased by one order of magnitude from 6 × 109 cm−3 to 6 × 1010 cm−3 and the electron temperature is enhanced from about 5 eV to 12 eV, when the ECR plasma is ignited to the magnetron plasma. Operating the magnetron at constant power, it was observed that its discharge current is raised from 1.8 A to 4.8 A, when the ECR discharge was superimposed with a microwave power of 2 kW. At the same time, the discharge voltage decreased from about 560 V to 210 V, clearly indicating a higher plasma density of the MECRIS mode. The optical emission spectrum of the MECRIS plasma is dominated by lines of excited Al atoms and shows a significant contribution of lines arising from singly ionized Al. Plasma emission photography with a CCD camera was used to prove probe measurements and to identify separated plasma emission zones originating from the ECR and magnetron discharge.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22542
Publ.-Id: 22542


Gallium-Recycling aus Prozessabwässern mit Dialyseverfahren

Reinhold, T.; Zeidler, O.

Der Vortrag zeigt die Entwicklung eines Recycling-Projektes für Gallium vom Labor- bis in den Pilotmaßstab und zeigt technologische, sowie ökonomische Aspekte. Das erfolgreiche Projekt der Freiberger Compound Materials GmbH mit den Forschungseinrichtungen TU Bergakademie Freiberg und Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg wurde 2014 mit dem Deutschen Rohstoff-Effizienzpreis ausgezeichnet.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Vortragsreihe Materialeffizienz - ein Gewinn für Unternehmen, 13.04.2015, Hannover, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22541
Publ.-Id: 22541


Chiral symmetry aspects in the open charm sector

Buchheim, T.; Hilger, T.; Kämpfer, B.

QCD sum rules serve as tools to investigate changing hadronic properties in a hot and/or dense nuclear medium. The role of chiral symmetry breaking and restoration effects in a medium can be addressed also in the heavy-light meson sector. Thus, we consider Weinberg sum rules which refer to chiral partner mesons composed of a light and a heavy quark.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22540
Publ.-Id: 22540


Non-equilibrium thermal processing towards p-n junction formation in TCOs

Prucnal, S.; Wu, J.; Gago, R.; Gao, K.; Liu, F.; Zhou, S.; Cai, H.; Zahn, D. R. T.; Gordan, O. D.; Skorupa, W.

Wide band gap semiconductors (> 3.0 eV) like ZnO and TiO2 are widely investigated in the field of optoelectronics for ultraviolet lasers, heterojunction solar cells, thin film transistors and light emitting diodes. Nowadays, the transparent conductive oxides (TCO) like Al- or F-doped ZnO (AZO or FZO) are basic materials for the front contact in thin-film photovoltaics. A highly doped n-type ZnO thin layer is an attractive candidate to replace the much more expensive indium-tin-oxide layer in the microelectronics industry. The optoelectronic properties of TCOs are determined by the type of doping and carrier concentration. The n-type conductivity of ZnO is easily achieved by substitution of Zn by group III elements (Al, Ga, In), or by doping with halogen elements (F, Cl or I) substituting oxygen in the lattice site. In the case of TiO2 the n-type material can be achieved by doping with Nb, Ta or F ions while p-type TiO2 can be realized by e.g. Cr doping. Here, we will present the utilization of highly non-equilibrium thermal processing of TCO/Si heterojunctions using millisecond (ms) range flash lamp annealing (FLA) techniques for the structural modification and dopant activation to form highly doped p- and n-type TCOs films on silicon substrate. The n- and p-type doping in ZnO was made by incorporation of Al and F or N and P into ZnO, respectively. While the conductivity of TiO2 films was controlled by efficient incorporation of Ta and Cr into the lattice side of titania. It will be presented that via millisecond range FLA treatment not only the optoelectronic properties but also the crystallographic orientation and phase formation of TCOs can be modified. The optical properties of fabricated TCOs were investigated using temperature dependent photoluminescence, Raman and transmission spectroscopy. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to study the microstructural properties while the electrical properties of the TCO layers and heterojunctions were measured using Hall Effect and current-voltage characterization, respectively. Moreover, it is shown that the annealing atmosphere, even during ms range annealing, can efficiently passivates the surface state and bulk defects in the TCOs significantly improving the near band gap emission. - See more at: http://www.european-mrs.com/2015-fall-symposium-g-european-materials-research-society#sthash.tu4VYSCO.dpuf

Keywords: TCOs; FLA; doping; ZnO

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2015 E-MRS Fall Meeting, 15.-18.09.2015, Warsaw, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22539
Publ.-Id: 22539


Lateral growth of Ge nanowires and GeOI via millisecond range explosive recrystallization: solid vs. liquid case

Prucnal, S.; Pezoldt, J.; Tiagulskyi, S.; Kerbusch, J.; Bischoff, L.; Rebohle, L.; Voelskow, M.; Wutzler, R.; Pyszniak, K.; Skorupa, W.

The incorporation of different functional optoelectronic elements on a single chip enables performance progress, which can overcome the downsizing limit in silicon technology. For example, the use of Ge instead of silicon as a basic material in nanoelectronics would enable faster chips containing smaller transistors. In order to improve the device performance and fully exploit the unique properties of germanium, the germanium on insulator (GeOI) structure using the ultrathin body (UTB) GeOI architecture with an active doping concentration above 6×1019 cm-3 has to be explored. Here we present a new concept for the development, optimisation and fabrication of high-mobility channel materials based on Ge using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition of Ge and its recrystallization via millisecond range lateral explosive epitaxy. It is shown that the mechanism of explosive recrystallization (solid vs liquid) can be controlled by Sn co-doping and/or varying the annealing time. An influence of the explosive recrystallization and co-doping of Sn on the dopant activation efficiency and the carrier distribution in the ultra-thin GeOI and Ge NWs after millisecond range flash lamp annealing is discussed. Finally, the nanowire FETs will be presented. - See more at: http://www.european-mrs.com/2015-spring-symposium-z-european-materials-research-society#sthash.fI9UKy1b.dpuf

Keywords: Ge; explosive recrystallization; FLA; GeOI

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2015 E-MRS Spring Meeting, 11.-15.05.2015, Lille, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22538
Publ.-Id: 22538


Optical and electrical properties of ZnO/Si heterostructures after plasma treatment and millisecond annealing

Prucnal, S.; Gao, K.; Zhou, S.; Wu, J.; Cai, H.; Gordan, O. D.; Skorupa, W.

Nowadays, the transparent and conductive ZnO layer is a basic material for the front contact in thin-film photovoltaics. A highly doped n-type ZnO thin layer is an attractive candidate to replace the much more expensive indium-tin-oxide layer in the microelectronic industry. The optoelectronic properties of the ZnO are determined by the type of doping and carrier concentration. The n-type conductivity of ZnO is easily achieved by substitution of Zn by group III elements (Al, Ga, In), or by doping with halogen elements (F, Cl or I) substituting into the oxygen lattice site. Here we will present the utilisation of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and millisecond range flash lamp annealing (FLA) techniques for the formation of highly p- and n-type ZnO films on silicon substrate. Whereas the n-type doping is made by incorporation of F into ZnO, the p-type ZnO films are obtained due to the PIII of N and P. Both p- and n-type dopants are activated using post-implantation millisecond range FLA process. The microstructural and opto-electrical investigations confirm the formation of a high-quality, highly-doped ZnO layer. Moreover the current-voltage characteristics show a heterojunction between ZnO and Si. It is shown that the SF6 plasma treatment efficiently passivates the surface state and bulk defects in the ZnO film significantly improving the near band gap emission from ZnO.

Keywords: ZnO; doping; FLA

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2015 E-MRS Spring Meeting, 11.-15.05.2015, Lille, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22537
Publ.-Id: 22537


Millisecond range liquid phase processing of nanowire structures

Prucnal, S.

A key milestone for the next generation of high-performance microelectronic devices is the monolithic integration of germanium or III-V compound semiconductors with silicon technology. The incorporation of different functional optoelectronic elements on a single chip enables performance progress, which can overcome the downsizing limit in silicon technology. For example, the use of Ge or III-V compound semiconductors instead of silicon as a basic material in nanoelectronic would enable faster chips containing smaller transistors. Conventionally, the integration of III-V semiconductors or Ge with silicon is based on the heteroepitaxial growth of multi-layered structures on silicon or a variety of wafer bonding techniques [1]. Devices based on such structures combine the high carrier mobility and high luminescence efficiency of III-V semiconductors with the advantages of the well-developed silicon technology. On the other hand, the nearly 1D nanostructure of semiconductor nanowires offers a great potential for the future nanoelectronics. Silicon heteronanowires with integrated III-V segments are one of the most promising candidates for nanophotonic devices operating in the single-electron or single-photon regime [2]. Here we present the fundamental research on the physics of Ge micro- and nanostructures and III-V/Si hetero-nanowires to enable the integration of innovative Ge and III-V based devices for the main stream of Si CMOS technology. The proposed concept for the development, optimisation and fabrication of high-mobility channel materials is based on millisecond range explosive epitaxy performed with the flash lamp annealing (FLA) process.

Keywords: FLA; III-V; silicon

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    NATO Advanced Workshop “Functional Nanomaterials and Devices for Electronics, Sensors, Energy Harvesting”, 13.-16.04.2015, Lviv, Ukraine

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22536
Publ.-Id: 22536


Cladding-like waveguide structure in Nd:YAG crystal fabricated by multiple ion irradiation for enhanced waveguide lasing

Shang, Z.; Tan, Y.; Akhmadaliev, S.; Zhou, S.; Chen, F.

We report on a cladding-like waveguide structure in Nd:YAG crystal fabricated by the multiple carbon ion beam irradiation. After the designed multiple irradiation process, the cladding-like waveguide with triple refractive-index layers were constructed in the region near the surface of the crystal. With such a structure, the waveguiding core was compressed and refractive index profile was modified, resulting in a higher light intensity than that of the single ion-beam-irradiated monolayer waveguide. The waveguide lasing at wavelength of 1064 nm was achieved with enhanced performance in the cladding-like structures with both planar and ridge configurations by the optical pump at 810 nm.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22535
Publ.-Id: 22535


N and Cr (co-)doping of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

Gago-Fernandez, R.; Prucnal, S.; Palomares, F. J.; Caretti, I.; Redondo-Cubero, A.; Vinnichenko, M.

The photoactivity of TiO2 has been exploited in many applications ranging from photocatalysis, hydrogen production, pigments or solar cells [1]. However, optical absorption in TiO2 is mostly limited to the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum (band-gap > 3 eV), triggering strong efforts to achieve visible-light (VISL) response by band-gap narrowing [1]. Non-metal (anion) doping seems to be a promising approach, as shown for the case of nitrogen (N) doped films [2]. However, it is unclear if the effective optical absorption of N-doped TiO2 is based on real band-gap narrowing or the formation of intragap localized states [3]. Recently, it has been argued that narrow-gap TiO2 would require heavy doping, relating VISL absorption to oxygen vacancies and color centers [4]. Another obstacle is the low thermodynamic solubility of dopants at substitutional sites [4]. This situation does not only compromise the effectiveness of band-gap narrowing but also provide recombination centers that are responsible for the loss of photogenerated electron-hole pairs [4]. A recent concept relies on N and Cr co-doping [5] to increase the solubility limit by non-compensated dopants where the opposite charge state of p- and n-type sites substantially enhances the thermodynamic kinetics of dopant pairs. In any case, a critical aspect of cation (co)doping relies in the introduction of large structural distortions in the host TiO2 matrix [4], needing processing or post-processing thermal treatments at moderate temperatures (~500ºC). In this work, we address the production and characterization of TiO2 (co)doped films by magnetron sputtering. We also compare different thermal annealing methods for further dopant activation and enhancement/design of the structural order, with special attention to the influence of as-grown films. The potential of novel rapid thermal processing such as flash-lamp annealing is also explored. The electronic structure of as-grown and modified films is assessed by means of X-ray absorption fine-structure and photoelectron spectroscopy, which permits the analysis of either (nano)crystalline or disordered structures. The optical response is derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission measurements. Finally, the structural, optical and electronic properties are correlated with the photocatalytic response of the samples. REFS: [1] M.A. Henderson, Surf. Sci. Rep. 66, 185 (2011); [2] R. Asahi et al. Science 293, 269 (2001) ; [3] M. Batzill et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 026103 (2006); [4] N. Serpone et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 24287 (2006); [5] W. Zhu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 226401 (2009)

Keywords: TiO2; nitrogen; band-gap narrowing

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2015 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit, 06.-10.04.2015, San Francisco, California, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22534
Publ.-Id: 22534


Analysis Methods of Magnesium Chips

Ohmann, S.; Ditze, A.; Scharf, C.

The quality of recycled magnesium from chips depends strongly on their exposure to inorg. and org. impurities that are added during the prodn. processes. Different kinds of magnesium chips from these processes were analyzed by several methods. In addn., the accuracy and effectiveness of the methods are discussed. The results show that the chips belong either to the AZ91, AZ31, AM50​/60, or AJ62 alloy. Some kinds of chips show deviations from the above-​mentioned normations. Different impurities result mainly from transition metals and lime. The water and oil content does not exceed 25​%, and the chip size is not more than 4 mm in the diam. The sieve anal. shows good results for oily and wet chips. The detn. of oil and water shows better results for the application of a Soxhlet compared with the addn. of lime and vacuum distn. The most accurate values for the detn. of water and oil are obtained by drying at 110°C (for water) and washing with acetone (for oil) by hand.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22533
Publ.-Id: 22533


Oxyhydroxy silicate colloids: A new type of waterborne actinide(IV) colloids

Zänker, H.; Weiss, S.; Hennig, C.; Brendler, V.; Ikeda-Ohno, A.

At the near-neutral and reducing aquatic conditions expected in undisturbed ore deposits or in closed nuclear waste repositories, the actinides Th, U, Np and Pu are primarily tetravalent. These tetravalent actinides (An(IV)) are sparingly soluble in aquatic systems and, hence, are often assumed to be immobile. However, An(IV) could become mobile if they occur as colloids. This mini-review focuses on a new type of An(IV) colloids, oxyhydroxy silicate colloids. We herein discuss the chemical characteristics of these colloids and the potential implication for their environmental behavior. The binary oxyhydroxy silicate colloids of An(IV) could be potentially more mobile as a waterborne species than the well-known mono-component oxyhydrox-ide colloids.

Keywords: Tetravalent actinides; thorium(IV); uranium(IV); neptunium(IV); silica; colloids; colloid stability; nuclear waste repositories

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22532
Publ.-Id: 22532


All-optical free electron lasers with Traveling-wave Thomson-scattering -- Realizable with existing machines

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Pausch, R.; Irman, A.; Jochmann, A.; Schramm, U.; Cowan, T.; Bussmann, M.

Optical free-electron lasers (OFEL) based on the Traveling-wave Thomson scattering (TWTS) geometry [*] are realizable using existing petawatt class laser systems and electron beams from either conventional or Laser-wakefield accelerators. Such OFELs operate in the EUV to x-ray range, while at the same time remaining compact with centimeter to sub-meter total length.

Based on results from our analytical 1.5D-theory, as well as numerical investigations, we show using example scenarios that TWTS OFELs can be realized in SASE mode with existing RF sources such as ELBE at HZDR as well as Laser-wakefield accelerated electrons. We detail the necessary equipment for a TWTS OFEL experiment and discuss how current experimental limitations affect the design.

Keywords: Thomson-scattering; X-ray; FEL; PIConGPU; OFEL; optical free-electron laser; EUV; Traveling-wave; TWTS

  • Poster
    37th International Free Electron Laser Conference - FEL2015, 23.-28.08.2015, Daejeon, Südkorea

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22531
Publ.-Id: 22531


All-optical free-electron lasers with Traveling-wave Thomson-scattering -- Theory and scaling

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Pausch, R.; Irman, A.; Jochmann, A.; Schramm, U.; Cowan, T.; Bussmann, M.

In Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) an optical, high-power laser pulse is scattered off a relativistic electron pulse to realize optical ree-electron lasers (OFELs) with a wavelength ranging from ultraviolet to Angstrom [*].

Such TWTS-OFELs optimally exploit the high spectral photon density in high-power laser pulses by spatially stretching the laser pulse and overlapping it with the electrons in a side scattering setup. The introduction of a laser pulse-front tilt provides for interaction lengths appropriate for FEL operation, so that beam electrons witness an undulator field of near-constant strength and wavelength over hundreds to thousands of undulator periods, thus giving enough time for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) to seed the FEL instability and the realization of large laser gains.

In contrast to head-on OFEL schemes, TWTS-OFEL operates at sub-mm to mm effective undulator wavelength. Thus previous show-stoppers to OFELs due to small transverse coherence, large space charge or significant quantum effects are avoided. One of the key advantages of this approach is its scalability to x-ray wavelengths with existing lasers. We present the complete analytical description of the TWTS field and a self-consistent 1.5D theory of TWTS OFELs. We discuss the main scalings of resulting
TWTS OFELs with respect to electron and laser beam properties.

Keywords: Traveling-wave; Thomson scattering; X-ray; EUV; OFEL; FEL; optical free-electron laser

  • Poster
    37th International Free Electron Laser Conference - FEL2015, 23.-28.08.2015, Daejeon, Südkorea

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22530
Publ.-Id: 22530


Realizing All-Optical Free-Electron Lasers with Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Pausch, R.; Bussmann, M.; Irman, A.; Jochmann, A.; Röser, F.; Schramm, U.; Sauerbrey, R.

We show how all-optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) from EUV to the X-ray range can be realized using existing high-power lasers and electron accelerators.

Keywords: Traveling-wave; Thomson scattering; OFEL; FEL; optical free-electron laser; X-ray; EUV

  • Poster
    3rd ARD ST3 Workshop, 15.-17.07.2015, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22529
Publ.-Id: 22529


Radiation from laser-plasma interactions - From diagnostics to all-optical free-electron lasers

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Pausch, R.; Bussmann, M.; Irman, A.; Jochmann, A.; Röser, F.; Schramm, U.; Sauerbrey, R.

Radiation spectra from Laser-Plasma interactions are straightforward to obtain in experiment, but due to the large number of simulated particles these are challenging to model ab-initio. Since the emitted spectra include the complete phase-space dynamics, they are a key to both designing and optimizing brilliant plasma-driven x-ray sources for applications such as ultra-short pump-probe experiments. We present angularly-resolved em-radiation spectra from all billions of particles in a laser-plasma simulation, including the full coherence properties from plasma structure and dynamics. These spectra range from far IR to X-rays. We show recent results from the multi-GPU, open-source code PIConGPU.

We use very similar methods, when designing optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) driven by Laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electrons using both existing LWFA beams and OFEL driver lasers. Such optical FELs (OFELs) based on Traveling-wave Thomson scattering (TWTS) optimally exploit the high spectral photon density in high-power laser pulses by spatially stretching the laser pulse and overlapping it with the electrons in a side scattering setup. The introduction of a laser pulse-front tilt provides for interaction lengths appropriate for FEL operation. With careful dispersion control, electrons witness an undulator field of almost constant strength and wavelength over hundreds to thousands of undulator periods, thus giving enough time for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) to seed the FEL instability and the realization of large laser gains.

Keywords: Traveling-Wave; Thomson scattering; X-ray; FEL; OFEL; optical free-electron laser

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Novel Light Sources from Laser-Plasma Interactions, 20.-24.04.2015, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22528
Publ.-Id: 22528


Optical free-electron lasers on table-top with Traveling-wave Thomson scattering

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Bussmann, M.; Pausch, R.; Cowan, T.; Irman, A.; Jochmann, A.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schramm, U.

Optical FELs (OFELs) based on Traveling-wave Thomson scattering (TWTS) optimally exploit the high spectral photon density in high-power laser pulses by spatially stretching the laser pulse and overlapping it with the electrons in a side scattering setup. The introduction of a laser pulse-front tilt provides for interaction lengths appropriate for FEL operation. With careful dispersion control, electrons witness an undulator field of almost constant strength and wavelength over hundreds to thousands of undulator periods, thus giving enough time for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) to seed the FEL instability and the realization of large laser gains.
We provide an overview on the differences between TWTS OFELs, head-on OFEL designs and magnetic undulator FELs. In this dicussion we emphasize the respective impact on transverse coherence, quantum recoil and space-charge.

Keywords: Optical free-electron laser; OFEL; Traveling-wave; Thomson scattering; TWTS; FEL; X-ray

  • Lecture (Conference)
    DPG Frühjahrstagung Wuppertal 2015, 09.-13.03.2015, Wuppertal, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22527
Publ.-Id: 22527


Reduction of selenite to red elemental selenium by methane-oxidizing bacteria

Eswayah, A. S.; Hondow, N.; Scheinost, A. C.; Smith, T. J.; Gardiner, P. H. E.

Selenium (Se) is an essential element that is required for biosynthesis of selenocysteine, the 21st proteinogenic amino acid in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Se is toxic at high concentrations for most living organisms.1 Toxic high levels of Se, particularly in the form of selenite (SeO32-) in the environment, may be of natural or anthropogenic origin. In the natural environments, Se is subject to various microbial transformations which are important for bioremediation of Se species.2
For example, microbial reduction of toxic SeO32- to insoluble elemental selenium (Se0) results in its removal from water. Also, the reduction and methylation of SeO42- and SeO32- is considered an effective detoxification process, since the products (dimethylselenide [DMSe] or dimethyldiselenide [DMDSe]) are 500 to 700 times less toxic than SeO42- or SeO32-.3
Although a wide range of microorganisms have been investigated for their ability to transform selenium species, to our knowledge, aerobic methane-oxidising bacteria (which are ubiquitous in the environment and have numerous potential applications in remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants) have not previously been investigated for their ability to transform Se compounds.

Keywords: methanotrophs; selenium

Related publications

  • Poster
    VI International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology - BioMicroWorld 2015, 28.-30.10.2015, Barcelona, Spain

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22526
Publ.-Id: 22526


Bibliothekskonzeption als eine Möglichkeit, Konflikte zu vermeiden

Reschke, E.

Bis zum Jahr 2009 gab es immer wieder Diskussionen, ob es mit der Bibliothek am Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresen-Rossendorf weitergehen soll und wenn ja wie, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Personalstärke und des Raumbedarfs (Bibliothek als Ort in einer Forschungseinrichtung).
Daraufhin habe ich eine Bibliothekskonzeption für die Jahre 2010-2014 entwickelt, die zur Entscheidungsgrundlage wurde. Die Konzeption wurde von unserer Bibliothekskommission als richtungsweisend eingeschätzt und gegenüber dem Vorstand des Forschungszentrums zur Umsetzung empfohlen. Jetzt, 2015, können wir die vollständige Umsetzung der Konzeption berichten. Es gibt z.Z. keine Diskussionen um Bestand und Aufgaben der Bibliothek. Zwischen dem Vorstand, der Bibliothekskommission, unserem Zentralabteilungsleiter und der Bibliothek besteht Einvernehmen, dass sich zwar die Aufgaben der Bibliothek in ihrer Wichtung ändern, aber an der Notwendigkeit der Bibliothek vor Ort wird aktuell nicht gezweifelt.
Unterm Strich: Mit der gemeinsame Umsetzung der Konzeption wurde der Konflikt "Bibliothek brauchen wir-brauchen wir nicht" gelöst. Es entstand Planungssicherheit, die natürlich über den Zeitraum der Konzeptionsplanung hinaus weiter verteidigt/erkämpft werden muss.

Keywords: Strategisches Bibliotheksmanagement; Bibliothekskonzeption

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    35. Arbeitstagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Spezialbibliotheken (ASpB), 23.-25.09.2015, Bonn, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22525
Publ.-Id: 22525


Die Bibliothek: das Publikations- und Open Access Kompetenzzentrum am HZDR

Reschke, E.

Die Publikationsdatenbank im Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf wird seit 1992 geführt. Anfangs wurden nur bibliographische Daten erfasst. Mit den Jahren entstanden Bedürfnisse, mit diesen Daten mehr zu machen als Publikationslisten und es sollte keine doppelte Datenerfassung und Datenvorhaltung geben. Dafür mussten weitere Daten und Parameter in der einen Publikationsdatenbank erfasst werden. Der Genehmigungsworkflow wurde eingebaut, Controllingabfragen mussten möglich gemacht werden, wachsendes Berichtswesen erforderte zunehmende Flexibilität in den Abfragemöglichkeiten, Open Access Finanzierung, Verlinkung zur Datenarchivierung und weiteres. Ergebnis ist eine proprietäre Datenbankanwendung, basierend auf Oracle, die durch ihre Komplexität den Anforderungen aller beteiligten Akteure: Wissenschaftler, Bibliothek, wissenschaftliches Controlling, Institutsdirektoren und Vorstand, gerecht werden kann. Im Vortrag werden die verschiedenen Funktionen und die Organisation der Publikationsdatenbank vorgestellt.

Keywords: Library; Open Access; Publication database; Bibliothek; Publikationsdatenbank

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Fraunhofer Arbeitstagung Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen 2015, 19.-22.10.2015, Fulda, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22524
Publ.-Id: 22524


Verification of Master Curve testing on mini-0.16T-C(T) specimens

Viehrig, H.-W.; Houska, M.; Yamamoto, M.

Fracture toughness evaluation by the Master Curve method using 4-mm-thick miniature compact tension (mini-C(T)) specimens has been proposed. There were round robin exercises to validate the reference temperature, T0, determined on mini-C(T) of RPV base and weld metal. The HZDR has contributed to these round robin exercises. In addition to the mandatory testing, the distribution of the cleavage initiation sites over the crack front was determined. The mini-C(T) testing was also verified on RPV base metal 22 NiMoCr 3-7 from the lower ring of the non-commissioned Biblis C RPV. The fracture toughness values and therewith evaluated reference temperatures, T0, measured on 1T-, 0.5T-, 0.25T and 0.16T-C(T) specimens are compared. The results show that the T0 values determined with C(T) specimens of different size scatter within one standard deviation according to ASTM E1921. The testing of mini-C(T) specimens machined from the broken halves of Charpy specimens is a promising option to determine fracture toughness values of already tested surveillance specimens. The advantage of using mini-C(T) specimens is that material from the weld region can be investigated directly.

Keywords: compact tension specimen; Master Curve approach; fracture toughness; reference temperature

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International workshop “RPV Embrittlement and Surveillance Programmes”, 13.-15.10.2015, Prag, Tschechische Republik

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22523
Publ.-Id: 22523


Immobilisierung von Tc(VII)/Tc(IV) an Eisenphasen

Spranger, F.

Die Immobilisierung von Tc(VII)/Tc(IV) an den Eisenphasen Magnetit und Siderit wurde mittels Batch-Sorptionsversuchen, ATR FT-IR-Spektroskopie und Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie untersucht.

Keywords: Technetium; Magnetite; Siderite

  • Bachelor thesis
    TU Dresden, 2015
    Mentor: Dr. Katja Schmeide / Prof. Dr. Thorsten Stumpf
    43 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22522
Publ.-Id: 22522


Speciation Studies of Metals in Trace Concentrations: The Mononuclear Uranyl(VI) Hydroxo Complexes

Drobot, B.; Bauer, A.; Steudtner, R.; Tsushima, S.; Bok, F.; Patzschke, M.; Raff, J.; Brendler, V.

A direct luminescence spectroscopic experimental setup for the determination of complex stability constants of mononuclear uranyl(VI) hydrolysis species is presented. The occurrence of polynuclear species is prevented using a low uranyl(VI) concentration of 10-8M (2.4 ppb). Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectra were recorded in a pH range from 3 to 10.5. Deconvolution with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) resulted in three hydrolysis complexes. A tentative assignment was based on thermodynamic calculations: UO2+2 - 1:0 (aquo ion), UO2(OH)+ - 1:1, UO2(OH)2 - 1:2, UO2(OH)-3 - 1:3. An implementation of a Newton-Raphson algorithm into PARAFAC allowed a direct extraction of complex stability constants during deconvolution yielding log(ß1 M, 1 °C)1:1 =-4.4, log(ß1 M, 1 °C)1:2 =-11.7, log(ß1 M, 1 °C)1:3 =-21.6. Extrapolation to standard conditions gave: log(ß0)1:1 =-3.7, log(ß0)1:2 =-10.4 and log(ß0)1:3 =-20.1. Luminescence characteristics (band position, lifetime) of the individual mononuclear hydroxo species were derived to serve as reference data set for further investigations. A correlation of luminescence spectroscopic features with Raman frequencies was demonstrated for the mononuclear uranyl(VI) hydroxo complexes for the first time. Thereby a signal-to-structure correlation was achieved and the complex assignment validated.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22521
Publ.-Id: 22521


All-optical free electron lasers -- realizable with Traveling-wave Thomson scattering

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Bussmann, M.; Irman, A.; Jochmann, A.; Pausch, R.; Roeser, F.; Schramm, U.; Sauerbrey, R.

Optical free-electron lasers (OFEL) based on the Traveling-wave Thomson scattering (TWTS) geometry are realizable using existing petawatt class laser systems and electron beams from either conventional or Laser-wakefield accelerators. Such OFELs operate in the EUV to x-ray range, while at the same time remaining compact.

Such TWTS OFELs optimally exploit the high spectral photon density in high-power laser pulses by spatially stretching the laser pulse and overlapping it with the electrons in a side scattering setup. The introduction of a laser pulse-front tilt provides for interaction lengths appropriate for FEL operation, so that beam electrons witness an undulator field of near-constant strength and wavelength over hundreds to thousands of undulator periods, thus giving enough time for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) to seed the FEL instability and the realization of large laser gains.

Based on results from our analytical 1.5D-theory and numerical investigations, we discuss scaling laws and show using example scenarios that TWTS OFELs can be realized with existing RF sources such as ELBE at HZDR as well as LWFA electrons. We detail the necessary equipment for a TWTS OFEL experiment and discuss how current experimental limitations affect the design.

Keywords: optical FEL; X-ray; free-electron laser; TWTS; Traveling-wave Thomson scattering

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2nd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop (EAAC 2015), 13.-19.09.2015, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italien

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22520
Publ.-Id: 22520


Ultra-compact all-optical FELs and Compton sources

Debus, A.; Steiniger, K.; Pausch, R.; Bussmann, M.; Krämer, J.; Jochmann, A.; Irman, A.; Schramm, U.

The interaction of an electron beam emerging from laser wakefield accelerators with an optical undulator allows for the realization of ultra-compact all-optical FELs and Compton sources using existing high-power lasers.
This presentation will review the various schemes considered to date with emphasis on both expected performance of the emitted radiation and challenges to face in terms of electron beam and laser pulse parameters.

Keywords: optical free-electron laser; OFEL; Compton source; Thomson source; FEL; free-electron laser; X-ray FEL

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    2nd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop 2015 (EAAC 2015), 13.09.-19.10.2015, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italien

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22519
Publ.-Id: 22519


Simultaneous β1 integrin-EGFR targeting and radiosensitization of human head and neck cancer.

Eke, I.; Zscheppang, K.; Dickreuter, E.; Hickmann, L.; Mazzeo, E.; Unger, K.; Krause, M.; Cordes, N.

BACKGROUND:

Signaling from integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contributes substantially to therapy resistance of malignant tumors. We investigated simultaneous β1 integrin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting plus radiotherapy in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
METHODS:

Ten HNSCC cell lines were grown in three-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix cell cultures and two of them as tumor xenografts in nude mice (n = 12-16 per group). Targeting of β1 integrin and EGFR with monoclonal inhibitory antibodies (AIIB2 and cetuximab, respectively) was combined with x-ray irradiation. Clonogenic survival, tumor growth, and tumor control (evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis), apoptosis, phosphoproteome (interactome, network betweeness centrality analysis), receptor expression (immunohistochemistry), and downstream signaling (western blotting) were assessed. Various mutants of the integrin signaling mediator focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were employed for mechanistic studies. All statistical tests were two-sided.
RESULTS:

Compared with β1 integrin or EGFR single inhibition, combined β1 integrin-EGFR targeting resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in eight out of 10 tested HNSCC cell lines, which responded with an FAK dephosphorylation after β1 integrin inhibition. In vivo, simultaneous anti-β1 integrin/anti-EGFR treatment and radiotherapy of UTSCC15 responder xenografts enabled better tumor control compared with anti-EGFR monotherapy and irradiation (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to 30.9, P = .01), in contrast to the SAS nonresponder tumor model (HR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.4 to 2.3, P = .83). Mechanistically, a protein complex consisting of FAK- and Erk1-mediated prosurvival signals for radiation resistance, which was effectively compromised by β1 integrin and EGFR blocking.
CONCLUSIONS:

Concomitant targeting of β1 integrin and EGFR seems a powerful and promising approach to overcome radioresistance of HNSCCs.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22518
Publ.-Id: 22518


Radiation-induced lung damage - Clinical risk profiles and predictive imaging on their way to risk-adapted individualized treatment planning?

Ebert, N.; Baumann, M.; Troost, E. G.

there ist no abstract

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22517
Publ.-Id: 22517


Complex formation of europium and curium with the digestive enzyme alpha-amylase

Barkleit, A.; Heller, A.; Bernhard, G.

In case of the incorporation of radioactive heavy metal ions, they would represent a serious health risk to humans due to their chemo- and/or radiotoxicity. Trivalent actinides (An(III)) like Am(III) or Cm(III) are man-made radioactive elements exclusively generated in nuclear reactors, whilst non-radioactive lanthanides (Ln(III)) are naturally occurring elements having wide technological and medical applications. These heavy metals have a potential risk of intake into humans with different pathways. Since Ln(III) and An(III) are considered to have no significant essential function in the human body, little is known about their biochemical behaviour from the uptake, in-vivo transport to the final accumulation or excretion.
Our recent studies on the speciation of U(VI) and Cm(III) in body fluids (e.g., saliva) suggested α-amylase as a potential binding partner of these actinides, which would finally affect the biochemical behaviour of these elements in-vivo. The enzyme α-amylase is one of the major enzymes in salivary and pancreatic secretions of mammals and catalyses the hydrolysis of polysaccharides like starch or glycogen. In order to further understand the potential role of α-amylase in the in-vivo speciation and complexation of Ln(III) and An(III), we investigated the complexation of Eu(III) and Cm(III) with α-amylase over a wide pH range by using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). Based on the obtained spectroscopic results, stability constants were determined at ambient and physiological temperature. The data were further extrapolated to infinite dilution to make the obtained data compatible with the existing thermodynamic database. The speciation of Eu(III) and Cm(III) in the saliva studied were determined based on these new data and will be presented.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (RANC-2016), 10.-15.04.2016, Budapest, Hungary

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22515
Publ.-Id: 22515


SABR in NSCLC--the beginning of the end or the end of the beginning?

Brada, M.; Pope, A.; Baumann, M.

there is no Abstract

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22514
Publ.-Id: 22514


Interaction of extracellular S100A4 with RAGE prompts prometastatic activation of A375 melanoma cells

Herwig, N.; Belter, B.; Wolf, S.; Haase-Kohn, C.; Pietzsch, J.

S100A4, a member of the S100 protein family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins, is overexpressed in various tumour entities, including melanoma, and plays an important role in tumour progression. Several studies in epithelial and mesenchymal tumours revealed a correlation between extracellular S100A4 and metastasis. However, exact mechanisms how S100A4 stimulates metastasis in melanoma are still unknown. From a pilot experiment on baseline synthesis and secretion of S100A4 in human melanoma cell lines, which are in broad laboratory use, A375 wild-type cells and, additionally, newly generated A375 cell lines stably transfected with human S100A4 (A375-hS100A4) or human receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (A375-hRAGE), were selected to investigate the influence of extracellular S100A4 on cell motility, adhesion, migration and invasion in more detail. We demonstrated that A375 cells actively secrete S100A4 in the extracellular space via an endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-dependent pathway. S100A4 overexpression and secretion resulted in prometastatic activation of A375 cells. Moreover, we determined the influence of S100A4-RAGE interaction and its blockade on A375, A375-hS100A4, A375-hRAGE cells, and showed that interaction of RAGE with extracellular S100A4 contributes to the observed activation of A375 cells. This investigation reveals additional molecular targets for therapeutic approaches aiming at blockade of ligand binding to RAGE or RAGE signalling to inhibit melanoma metastasis.

Keywords: Calcium-binding proteins; Cancer metastasis; ER-Golgi-dependent secretion pathway; S100 protein secretion; Soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22512
Publ.-Id: 22512


Physical modelling of temperature fluctuations in a high aspect ratio model of the Czochralski crystal growth

Pal, J.; Cramer, A.; Grants, I.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

A low temperature liquid metal model of the Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth process is considered experimentally for a high aspect ratio. Temperature fluctuations close to the edge of the model crystal are studied under the action of a rotating magnetic field (RMF) and/or rotation of the model crystal. A rotation of thermal structures is observed which loses its periodicity at sufficiently high strengths of the RMF. This finding is in qualitative agreement with previous findings in Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) cells. Opposing to that more generic case, the remaining amplitude of the temperature fluctuations stays significantly higher. I.e., the suppression of the fluctuations, which are detrimental to the growth of a mono-crystal, is weaker in the model under investigation.

Keywords: Rayleigh-Bénard convection; Large-scale temperature oscillation; Magnetohydrodynamics; Electromagnetic stirring; Czochralski crystal growth; Model Experiment

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22511
Publ.-Id: 22511


Physical model of Czochralski crystal growth in a horizontal magnetic field

Pal, J.; Grants, I.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

A low temperature liquid metal model of the Czochralski crystal growth process is considered experimentally under conditions of high aspect ratio. In this paper we focus on the influence of a horizontal magnetic field (HMF) on the radial flow field and present first results from related model experiments. The flow is measured by means of the ultra-sound Doppler velocimetry (UDV).

Keywords: Czochralski Crystal Growth; Horizontal Magnetic Field; Flow Measurements

  • Contribution to proceedings
    8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, EPM 2015, 12.10.-16.12.2015, Cannes, France
    Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, EPM 2015, 978-2-9553861-0-1, 41-44
  • Lecture (Conference)
    8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, EPM 2015, 12.-16.10.2015, Cannes, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22510
Publ.-Id: 22510


Experimental study of the flow driven by combined AC magnetic fields using a novel ultrasound array system

Pal, J.; Cramer, A.; Franke, S.; Eckert, S.; Nauber, R.; Thieme, N.; Büttner, L.; Czarske, J.

Ultrasound velocity measurements were performed in a liquid metal flow (GaInSn) inside a cubic vessel. The flow was driven by the combined action of a rotating (RMF) and a travelling magnetic field (TMF) leading to an inherent three-dimensional electromagnetic force distribution in the fluid. As a result flow structures develop which are essentially determined by the frequency difference and the strength relation of both fields. The driving force is stationary for identical frequencies whereas it undergoes a slow temporal modulation in case of slightly varying frequencies. Beside the magnetic field parameter the alignment of the TMF’s to the fluid volume’s axis plays a crucial role. A novel ultrasound array system was used in the present study to measure two velocity components in two perpendicular planes (2d-2c) simultaneously. This contribution reports on the influence of axial alignment on the flow, and on the flow dynamics resulting from slightly different field frequencies of the RMF and the TMF.

Keywords: Ultrasound Sensor Array; Flow Field Measurements; Magnetohydrodynamics; Electromagnetic Stirring

  • Contribution to proceedings
    8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, EPM 2015, 12.-16.10.2015, Cannes, France
    Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, EPM 2015, 978-2-9553861-0-1, 365-368
  • Lecture (Conference)
    8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, EPM 2015, 12.-16.10.2015, Cannes, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22509
Publ.-Id: 22509


Structural properties and charge distribution of the sodium uranium, neptunium and plutonium ternary oxides: a combined X-ray diffraction and XANES study

Smith, A. L.; Martin, P.; Prieur, D.; Scheinost, A. C.; Raison, P. E.; Cheetham, A. K.; Konings, R. J. M.

The structural properties of the sodium actinide ternary oxides are reviewed in this work, and general trends among the series U-Np-Pu are identifed. A Rietveld refnement of monoclinic Na2PuO3, in space group C2~c, is reported for the first time, and the unsuspected existence of Na2NpO3 is revealed. In addition, the charge distribution in alpha-Na2UO4, Na3NpO4, alpha-Na2NpO4, Na4NpO5, Na5NpO6, Na2PuO3, Na4PuO5, and Na5PuO6 is investigated using X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the U-L3, Np-L3, and Pu-L3 edges, respectively. In contrast to measurements in solution, the number of XANES data in the literature for neptunium and plutonium solid phases with a valence state higher than (IV) is very limited. The present results cover a wide range of oxidation states, namely (IV) to (VII), and can serve as a reference databank for future investigations. Finally, the sodium actinide series show a variety of local coordination geometries, and correlations between shape of the XANES spectra and local structural environment are discussed.

Keywords: Neptunium; Plutonium; ternary oxides; XANES; XRD; Rietveld; sodium-cooled fast-neutron reactor

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22508
Publ.-Id: 22508


Remote Sensing-Based Assessment of the Variability of Winter and Summer Precipitation in the Pamirs and Their Effects on Hydrology and Hazards Using Harmonic Time Series Analysis

Pohl, E.; Gloaguen, R.; Seiler, R.

Moisture supply in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia significantly determines the hydrological cycle and, as a result, impacts the local communities via hazards or socioeconomic aspects, such as hydropower, agriculture and infrastructure. Scarce and unreliable in situ data prevent an accurate assessment of moisture supply, as well as its temporal and spatial variability in this strongly-heterogeneous environment. On the other hand, a clear understanding of climatic and surface processes is required in order to assess water resources and natural hazards. We propose to evaluate the potential of remote sensing and regional climate model (RCM) data to overcome such issues.
Difficulties arise for the direct analysis of precipitation if the events are sporadic and when the amounts are low. We hence apply a harmonic time series analysis (HANTS) algorithm to derive spatio-temporal precipitation distributions and to determine regional boundaries delimiting areas where winter or summer precipitation dominate moisture supply. We complement the study with remote sensing-based products, such as temperature, snow cover and liquid water equivalent thickness. We find a strong intra- and inter-annual variability of meteorological parameters that result in strongly variable water budget and water mobilization. Climatic variability and its effects on floods and droughts are discussed for three outstanding years. The in-house developed HANTS toolbox is a promising instrument to unravel periodic signals in remote sensing time series, even in complex areas, such as the Pamir.

Keywords: potential of remote sensing; regional climate model (RCM); harmonic time series analysis (HANTS) algorithm

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22507
Publ.-Id: 22507


Multiphase flow modelling in moderately rotating inclined porous media

Härting, H.-U.; Lange, R.; Schubert, M.

Advective and diffusive multiphase flows through vertical porous media are well examined and discussed in the scientific literature. However, uncommon configurations with inclined porous media are examined to a less extent, while advanced configurations with superimposed motion have hitherto only been addressed scarcely. An example for such configuration is the inclined rotating tubular fixed bed reactor, which is a novel intensified multiphase reactor for heterogeneous catalytic gas-liquid-solid reactions (H.-U. Härting, R. Lange, F. Larachi, M. Schubert, Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 281, 931).
For the prediction of liquid saturation and two-phase pressure drop in inclined and moderately fast rotating confined porous media, a two-fluid model is presented. The model is one-directional, isothermal and considers incompressible Newtonian fluids. To account for the interphase momentum transfer, adopted Ergun-type closures are formulated taking the peculiarities of stratified, dispersed and annular flow into account. The effects of inclination and rotation are incorporated as additional body forces, whereby inclination is taken into account by the longitudinal gravity component and an semi-empirical closure for the complex effects of the rotational velocity is presented. The applicability of the model is validated against experimental liquid saturation and two-phase pressure drop data.

Keywords: multiphase flow; porous media; reactor inclination; rotating fixed bed; projection method

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22506
Publ.-Id: 22506


Radiosensitization of NSCLC cells by EGFR inhibition is the result of an enhanced p53-dependent G1 arrest.

Kriegs, M.; Gurtner, K.; Can, Y.; Brammer, I.; Rieckmann, T.; Oertel, R.; Wysocki, M.; Dorniok, F.; Gal, A.; Grob, T. J.; Laban, S.; Kasten-Pisula, U.; Petersen, C.; Baumann, M.; Krause, M.; Dikomey, E.

PURPOSE:

How EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibition induces cellular radiosensitization and with that increase in tumor control is still a matter of discussion. Since EGFR predominantly regulates cell cycle and proliferation, we studied whether a G1-arrest caused by EGFR inhibition may contribute to these effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We analyzed human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines either wild type (wt) or mutated in p53 (A549, H460, vs. H1299, H3122) and HCT116 cells (p21 wt and negative). EGFR was inhibited by BIBX1382BS, erlotinib or cetuximab; p21 was knocked down by siRNA. Functional endpoints analyzed were cell signaling, proliferation, G1-arrest, cell survival as well as tumor control using an A549 tumor model.
RESULTS:

When combined with IR, EGFR inhibition enhances the radiation-induced permanent G1 arrest, though solely in cells with intact p53/p21 signaling. This increase in G1-arrest was always associated with enhanced cellular radiosensitivity. Strikingly, this effect was abrogated when cells were re-stimulated, suggesting the initiation of dormancy. In line with this, only a small non-significant increase in tumor control was observed for A549 tumors treated with fractionated RT and EGFR inhibition.
CONCLUSION:

For NSCLC cells increase in radiosensitivity by EGFR inhibition results from enhanced G1-arrest. However, this effect does not lead to improved tumor control because cells can be released from this arrest by re-stimulation.

Keywords: Cell cycle; EGFR inhibition; G1 arrest; NSCLC; Radiosensitization; p53

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22505
Publ.-Id: 22505


Radio-chemotherapy improves survival in IDH-mutant, 1p/19q non-codeleted secondary high-grade astrocytoma patients.

Juratli, T. A.; Lautenschläger, T.; Geiger, K. D.; Pinzer, T.; Krause, M.; Schackert, G.; Krex, D.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are beginning to drive decisions on therapy for glioma patients. Here we sought to determine the impact of adjuvant treatment in patients with IDH-mutant, 1p/19q non-codeleted secondary high-grade astrocytoma (sHGA) WHO grades III/IV. Clinical data of 109 sHGA patients grades III/IV, in addition to IDH mutation-, 1p/19q-codeletion- and MGMT-promoter methylation status-were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis in relation to adjuvant treatment modalities and molecular profiling were performed. Out of 109 patients, 88 patients (80.7 %) harbored IDH mutations, 30 patients had a 1p/19q-codeletion (27.5 %) and 69 patients (63.3 %) exhibited a methylated MGMT-promoter status. At a median follow-up of 9.8 years, 62 patients (57 %) died. The postsurgical treatment included: radio-chemotherapy (RT-CT; 54.5 %), RT alone (19.3 %), and CT alone (22.7 %). The median overall survival (OS) in the entire group was 3.4 years (1.9-6.7 years). Patients who received RT-CT had a significantly longer OS compared with those who underwent RT alone (6.5 vs. 1.2 years, HR 0.35, CI 0.32-0.51, p = 0.011). In the IDH-mutant 1p/19q non-codeleted sHGA subgroup the RT-CT cohort had a significantly longer OS in comparison to the RT cohort (6.4 vs. 1.2 years, HR 2.7, CI 1.1-6.5, p = 0.022). In the stepwise multivariable Cox model for OS of all 88 IDH-mutant sHGA patients, survival was strongly associated with only one factor, namely, adjuvant RT-CT at diagnosis of a sHGA. This retrospective long-term study demonstrates that RT and CT (mostly PCV) significantly improves progression-free and overall survival in IDH-mutant secondary high-grade astrocytoma patients, regardless of 1p/19q-codeletion status.

Keywords: 1p/19q-codeletion; IDH mutation; PCV MGMT-promoter status; Radio-chemotherapy; Secondary high-grade astrocytomas

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22504
Publ.-Id: 22504


Cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of FAK targeting in human glioblastoma cells in vitro.

Storch, K.; Sagerer, A.; Cordes, N.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and extremely lethal cancer and novel molecular therapies are required for optimized multimodal therapy regimes. While focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is regarded as a therapeutic target, its radiosensitizing potential remains to be elucidated in glioblastoma. Thus, FAK was inhibited using the pharmaco-logical inhibitor TAE226 and cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells were investigated in vitro. Monolayer and suspension cell cultures of a panel of glioblastoma cell lines (A172, LN229, U87MG, U138MG, U343MG, DD-HT7607, and DD-T4) were treated with increasing TAE226 concentrations (0-10 µM) alone or in combination with X-rays (0-6 Gy). Subsequently, clonogenic cell survival, expression and the phosphorylation of FAK downstream signaling, apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed. Efficient FAK inhibition by TAE226 mediated significant cytotoxicity and reduced sphere formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Two out of seven glioblastoma cell lines showed radiosensitization. Apoptotic induction by TAE226 was cell line-dependent. The results demonstrated that pharmacological FAK inhibitor TAE226 efficiently reduced clonogenicity and sphere formation in glioblastoma cells without generally modifying their radiosensitivity. However, future studies are necessary to define the potential of FAK inhibition by TAE226 or other pharmacological inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22503
Publ.-Id: 22503


Fabrication and characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) 14Cr steels consolidated by means of hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion and spark plasma sintering

Hilger, I.; Boulnat, X.; Hoffmann, J.; Testani, C.; Bergner, F.; de Carlan, Y.; Ferraro, F.; Ulbricht, A.

Ferritic ODS 14Cr steels are one of the options for future nuclear and non-nuclear energy applications, in particular for components exposed to higher operation temperatures. In order to better exploit the potential advantages of ODS ferritic steels, such as improved creep strength and damage tolerance (with respect to non-ODS high-chromium steels) along with excellent oxidation resistance, a broader scientific and technical background is required. The present collaborative approach aimed to contribute to this background with respect to both fabrication issues and nano-/microstructurally based understanding of the resulting properties. In particular, the feasibility of ODS steel fabrication by means of spark plasma sintering on a semi-industrial scale was to be demonstrated. Parameter variations related to mechanical alloying, consolidation and thermal/mechanical treatments were covered. Hot extrusion was successfully applied to produce a 2.5 kg batch of ODS steel. Spark plasma sintering was scaled up towards semiindustrial 0.5 kg batches. A set of characterization techniques including Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atom-Probe Tomography, Electron Probe Micro-Analysis, Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction and Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction as well as mechanical testing were applied to characterize the materials at different scales and stages of the fabrication process and to underpin the findings, such as a pronounced bimodality of grain size distributions, by observation-based understanding.

Keywords: ODS steel; Mechanical alloying; Hot extrusion; Spark plasma sintering; microstructure; mechanical testing

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22502
Publ.-Id: 22502


Materialien für morgen: Energieeffiziente Prozesse in der Informationstechnologie

Gemming, S.

Kurzer Festvortrag bei der Feier 20 Jahre Helmholtz - 20 Highlights

Keywords: energy; resistive; memristor; self-organization; self-assembly; simulation

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    20 Jahre Helmholtz, 25.06.2015, Berlin Adlershof, WISTA, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22501
Publ.-Id: 22501


Dynamic processes in materials for energy conversion and storage

Gemming, S.

Modern material combinations, which we use for converting, storing and saving energy, exploit the synergistic effects of multi-component systems to achieve functionalities beyond those of the single constituents alone. Steps towards a rational design of such material systems have increasingly inspired research activities both from experiment and theory. With the considerable increase of computational resources, simulations have successfully started to bridge the gap between idealized, rather specific theoretical concepts and experimental realization for system length and time scales, which reflect specific physical processes involved in energy saving, conversion, and storage. I will present examples from recent work which span the range the range from nano-scale battery effects in thin multifunctional oxide films of spongy structures by spinodal decomposition of silicon monoxide for storage and conversion to formation and stability of anti-wear coatings for energy efficient applications. Those studies illustrate recent developments to arrive at a truly scale- adapted modeling of energy materials.

Keywords: energy; density functional theory; energy conversion; energy storage

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    International Colloquium on the Simulation of Energy Materials, 12.06.2015, Jülich, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22500
Publ.-Id: 22500


Microscopic processes in data and energy storage - considerations based on multiscale modeling

Gemming, S.

There is no abstract available.

Keywords: density functional theory; memristive; resistive; strontium titanate; tintaniom oxide

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Seminarreihe der FSU Jena, 23.01.2015, Jena, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22499
Publ.-Id: 22499


Theoretical investigation of an in situ k-restore process for damaged ultra-low-k materials based on plasma enhanced fragmentation

Förster, A.; Wagner, C.; Gemming, S.; Schuster, J.

The authors present theoretical investigations of a k-restore process for damaged porous ultra-low-k (ULK) materials. The process is based on plasma enhanced fragmented silylation precursors to replace k-value damaging, polar Si-OH and Si-H bonds by k-value lowering Si-CH3 bonds. The authors employ density functional theory to determine the favored fragments of silylation precursors and show the successful repair of damaged bonds on our model system.

Keywords: density-functional theory; molecules; adsorption; passivation; molecular dynamics

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22498
Publ.-Id: 22498


Near-surface hydrogen depletion of diamond-like carbon films produced by direct ion deposition

Markwitz, A.; Gupta, P.; Mohr, B.; Hübner, R.; Leveneur, J.; Zondervan, A.; Becker, H.-W.

Amorphous atomically flat diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were produced by direct ion deposition using a system based on a Penning ion source, butane precursor gas and post acceleration. Hydrogen depth profiles of the DLC coatings were measured with the 15N R-NRA method using the resonant nuclear reaction 1H(15N,alpha gamma)12C (Eres = 6.385 MeV). The films produced at 3.0-10.5 kV acceleration voltage show two main effects. First, compared to average elemental composition of the film, the near-surface region is hydrogen depleted. The increase of the hydrogen concentration by 3% from the near-surface region towards the bulk is attributed to a growth model which favours the formation of sp2 hybridised carbon rich films in the film formation zone. Secondly, the depth at which the maximum hydrogen concentration is measured increases with acceleration voltage and is proportional to the penetration depth of protons produced by the ion source from the precursor gas. The observed effects are explained by a deposition process that takes into account the contributions of ion species, hydrogen effusion and preferential displacement of atoms during direct ion deposition.

Keywords: Diamond-like carbon; Hydrogen depletion; Depth profile; Nuclear reaction analysis; Growth process

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22497
Publ.-Id: 22497


High Energy Radial Deposition of Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings

Suschke, K.; Hübner, R.; Murmu, P. P.; Gupta, P.; Futter, J.; Markwitz, A.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited with a new direct ion deposition system using a novel 360 degree ion source operating at acceleration voltage between 4 and 8 kV. Cross-sectional TEM images show that the coatings have a three layered structure which originates from changes in the deposition parameters taking into account ion source condition, ion current density, deposition angles, ion sputtering and ion source movement. Varying structural growth conditions can be achieved by tailoring the deposition parameters. The coatings show good promise for industrial use due to their high hardness, low friction and excellent adhesion to the surface of the samples.

Keywords: diamond-like carbon; direct ion deposition; anode layer ion source; amorphous carbon; TEM

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22496
Publ.-Id: 22496


ELBE SRF Gun II – Emittance Compensation Schemes

Vennekate, H.; Arnold, A.; Jansen, D.; Kneisel, P.; Lu, P.; Murcek, P.; Teichert, J.; Xiang, R.

In May 2014 the first SRF photo injector at HZDR has been replaced by a new gun, featuring a new resonator and cryostat. The intention for this upgrade has been to reach for higher beam energies, bunch charges and therefore an increased average beam current, which is to be injected into the superconducting, CW ELBE accelerator, where it can be used for multiple purposes, such as THz generation or Compton back-scattering. Because of the increased bunch charge of this injector compared to its predecessor, it demands upgrades of the existing and/or novel approaches to alleviate the transverse emittance growth. One of these methods is the integration of a superconducting solenoid into the cryostat. Another method, the so called RF focusing, is realized by displacing the photo cathode’s tip and retracting it from the last cell of the resonator. In this case, part of the accelerating field is sacrificed for a better focus of the electron bunch right at the start of its generation. Besides particle tracking simulations, a recent study, investigating on the exact position of the cathode tip with respect to the cell’s back plane after tuning and cool down, has been performed.

Keywords: Emittance; ELBE; SRF Gun

Related publications

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    17th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, 13.-18.10.2015, Whistler, Canada

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22495
Publ.-Id: 22495


High-field terahertz spectroscopy at HZDR

Schneider, H.

There is no abstract.

Keywords: terahertz spectroscopy; free-electron laser

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar, Institut Saint-Louis, 18.09.2015, Saint-Louis, Frankreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22493
Publ.-Id: 22493


Two-photon quantum well photodetectors for the THz regime

Franke, C.; Walther, M.; Helm, M.; Schneider, H.

Two-photon quantum-well photodetector devices designed for transition energies corresponding to 3 – 6 THz have been realized and intersubband energies were verified by photocurrent spectroscopy. Super-linear but not ideally quadratic behavior has been demonstrated by interferometric autocorrelation experiments using narrow-band terahertz pulses from the free-electron laser FELBE. With decreasing operation frequency, detector operation is progressively limited to low applied fields because of pronounced breakdown phenomena of the conductivity. This work has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, project number SCHN 1127/2-1.

Keywords: terahertz two-photon intersubband absorption; quadratic detection; autocorrelation; GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The 13th International Conference on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells (ITQW'2015), 06.-11.09.2015, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22492
Publ.-Id: 22492


Strong electroluminescence from terbium-doped metal-insulator-semiconductor structures

Berencen, Y.; Braun, M.; Garrido, B.; Hiller, D.; Liu, B.; Ramirez, J. R.; Sun, J.; Wutzler, R.; Helm, M.; Skorupa, W.

Integrated photonics is a key technology of the 21st century, and the electrically driven, integrated light emitter is an important building block, but difficult to realize. Thus, an enormous variety of different materials and material systems have been investigated in the past, ranging from the various approaches to integrate III-V semiconductors to the different types of Si-based light emission. Within the latter group rare earth (RE) implanted MOS structures feature a high conformity with standard CMOS processes combined with the excellent optical properties of RE elements. The present contribution discusses the problems of Si-based light emitters at the example of RE-doped MOS structures, and compares various light emitter designs and their potential to overcome these problems.
In detail, the power efficiency, the operation lifetime and the operation voltage of Tb- MOS structures are investigated. The main electroluminescence excitation mechanism is impact excitation of hot electron which plays an ambivalent role: efficient excitation is often related with efficient defect creation. In addition, a dark zone close to the injecting interface limits the scalability towards low voltages. The excitation mechanism und thus the performance of the light emitter is affected by the structure and composition of the dielectric stack of the MOS structure. Within this study, several host materials for the RE ions, namely stoichiometric and Si-rich silicon oxide or silicon nitride; different fabrication methods, namely plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, ion implantation and atomic layer deposition; and the use of additional buffer or injection layers are investigated.

Keywords: terbium; Si-based light emitters; electroluminescence; atomic layer deposition

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Freiberg Silicon Days 2015, 18.-19.06.2015, Freiberg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22491
Publ.-Id: 22491


Temperature distribution during flash lamp annealing of thin film multilayer systems

Rebohle, L.; Schumann, T.; Prucnal, S.; Skorupa, W.; Henke, T.

Flash lamp annealing (FLA) is a modern annealing technique which takes advantage of the millisecond- and microsecond time scale. However, in many cases a direct temperature determination is sophisticated and complex, and sometimes an a priori guess of the temperature is desirable. In this work we simulate the space and time dependent temperature distribution during FLA and compare it with experimental results, e.g. with observable phase changes during the crystallization of amorphous Si layers on insulator for thin film transistor applications. In detail, we will address the following items: (i) the influence of multiple reflections within the layer system as well as between sample and chamber walls, (ii) the influence of lateral and transversal temperature gradients, and (iii) the edge overheating problem. Simulations were performed with the help of both in-house and commercial software tools.

Keywords: flash lamp annealing; temperature distribution; crystallization; amorphous silicon

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    European Material Research Society, Fall Meeting 2015, 15.-18.09.2015, Warsaw, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22490
Publ.-Id: 22490


ESTRO consensus guideline on target volume delineation for elective radiation therapy of early stage breast cancer.

Offersen, B. V.; Boersma, L. J.; Kirkove, C.; Hol, S.; Aznar, M. C.; Biete Sola, A.; Kirova, Y. M.; Pignol, J. P.; Remouchamps, V.; Verhoeven, K.; Weltens, C.; Arenas, M.; Gabrys, D.; Kopek, N.; Krause, M.; Lundstedt, D.; Marinko, T.; Montero, A.; Yarnold, J.; Poortmans, P.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Delineation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) is a weak link in radiation therapy (RT), and large inter-observer variation is seen in breast cancer patients. Several guidelines have been proposed, but most result in larger CTVs than based on conventional simulator-based RT. The aim was to develop a delineation guideline obtained by consensus between a broad European group of radiation oncologists.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:

During ESTRO teaching courses on breast cancer, teachers sought consensus on delineation of CTV through dialogue based on cases. One teacher delineated CTV on CT scans of 2 patients, followed by discussion and adaptation of the delineation. The consensus established between teachers was sent to other teams working in the same field, both locally and on a national level, for their input. This was followed by developing a broad consensus based on discussions.
RESULTS:

Borders of the CTV encompassing a 5mm margin around the large veins, running through the regional lymph node levels were agreed, and for the breast/thoracic wall other vessels were pointed out to guide delineation, with comments on margins for patients with advanced breast cancer.
CONCLUSION:

The ESTRO consensus on CTV for elective RT of breast cancer, endorsed by a broad base of the radiation oncology community, is presented to improve consistency.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22489
Publ.-Id: 22489


Package Labelling with Printed Metal-Particle Suspensions using Millisecond Thermal Processing

Wiesenhütter, K.; Schumann, T.; Zichner, R.; Gebel, T.; Wiesenhütter, U.; Richter, H. U.; Skorupa, W.

The need for novel, flexible and low-cost electronic products with functionality far beyond that offered by conventional size-restricted and rigid semiconductor devices requires a rapid development of advanced material and deposition technology concepts. One of the most promising pathways to realize this ambitious goal is printed flexible electronics (PFE). Recently, printing has successfully demonstrated its potential for manufacture of advanced low-cost electronic products such as flexible displays, thin-film solar cells, large-area sensors etc. Importantly, by using bendable, inexpensive media (e.g.: paper-like substrates, polymer films) and high-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, a significant reduction of the overall costs associated with electronic device fabrication has been achieved.
Here, we report on a successful application of millisecond thermal processing by flash lamp annealing (FLA) as a highly-attractive technique for the functionalization of copper paste screen printed on low-thermal budget paper-like media for package labelling. The effect of the FLA parameters (i.e. pulse duration and energy density), on the substrate behavior as well as on the microstructure and electrical response of the as-flashed films was studied. A significant drop of the sheet resistance of the FL-treated layers as compared to the as-printed layers was observed. As ms-FLA permits selective, near-surface heating, a damage of the sensitive substrates was avoided. The microstructure of the copper paste before and after FLA was also investigated. Being highly-efficient, “non-destructive, and compatible with R2R processing, FLA offers the realization of advanced PFE products.

Keywords: package labeling; flash lamp annealing; millisecond thermal processeing; metal-particle suspension

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Paper electronics: a new challenge for materials a new opportunity for devices II, Symposium BB at the E-MRS Spring Meeting, 11.-15.05.2015, Lille, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22488
Publ.-Id: 22488


Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Is Regulated by β-Catenin/TCF and Promotes Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer Progenitor Cells.

Cojoc, M.; Peitzsch, C.; Kurth, I.; Trautmann, F.; Kunz-Schughart, L. A.; Telegeev, G. D.; Stakhovsky, E. A.; Walker, J. R.; Simin, K.; Lyle, S.; Fuessel, S.; Erdmann, K.; Wirth, M. P.; Krause, M.; Baumann, M.; Dubrovska, A.

Radiotherapy is a curative treatment option in prostate cancer. Nevertheless, patients with high-risk prostate cancer are prone to relapse. Identification of the predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of radioresistance bears promise to improve cancer therapies. In this study, we show that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is indicative of radioresistant prostate progenitor cells with an enhanced DNA repair capacity and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Gene expression profiling of prostate cancer cells, their radioresistant derivatives, ALDH(+) and ALDH(-) cell populations revealed the mechanisms, which link tumor progenitors to radioresistance, including activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. We found that expression of the ALDH1A1 gene is regulated by the WNT signaling pathway and co-occurs with expression of β-catenin in prostate tumor specimens. Inhibition of the WNT pathway led to a decrease in ALDH(+) tumor progenitor population and to radiosensitization of cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that ALDH(+) cells contribute to tumor radioresistance and their molecular targeting may enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22487
Publ.-Id: 22487


Thermal processing within milliseconds: semiconductors and beyond

Skorupa, W.

In this talk I will review the advances that subsecond thermal processing in the millisecond range using xenon-filled flash lamps (FLA) brings to the processing of advanced semiconductor materials, thus enabling the fabrication of novel electronic structures and materials. It will be demonstrated how such developments can translate into important practical applications via doping and/or defect engineering. A recent state-of-the-art is published in Ref./1/. An important issue of our present work is the liquid phase processing in the millisecond range at the surface of solid substrates. A recent example is the controlled formation of III-V nanocrystals (InAs, GaAs) in silicon nanowires after ion beam synthesis /2/. We prepared coarse grained dendritic crystal structures in thin silicon films on silicon dioxide to show that the addition of carbon prevents the agglomeration of the molten silicon films and largely influences the crystallisation process /3/. We could demonstrate that germanium and silicon exhibit superconductivity at ambient pressure and temperatures in the range of 1-2 K by avoiding Ga clusters /4/. Regarding photovoltaic applications, we dealt with the ion beam doping and thermal processing of PV silicon demonstrating a distinct improvement of the minority carrier diffusion length compared to rapid thermal processing and furnace treatments /5/. Moreover, we engineered the hydrogen content in photovoltaic silicon in correlation to the phosphorus doping using plasma immersion ion implantation and FLA /6/. Also, we demonstrated FLA driven phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source /7/.

/1/ W. Skorupa and H. Schmidt: “Subsecond annealing of advanced materials”, Springer Series in Materials Science 192 (2014), ISBN 978-3-319-03131-6.
/2/ S.Prucnal,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “III–V semiconductor nanocrystal formation in silicon nanowires via liquid-phase epitaxy”, Nano Research 7, 1769 (2014); (see also Nano Lett. 11, 2814 (2011)).
/3/ M.Voelskow,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Formation of dendritic crystal structures in thin silicon films on silicon dioxide by carbon ion implantation and high intensity large area flash lamp irradiation”, J. Cryst. Growth, 388, 70 (2014)
/4/ V.Heera,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Depth-resolved transport measurements and atom-probe tomography of heterogeneous, superconducting Ge:Ga films”, Supercond.Sc.&Technol. 27, 055025 (2014).
/5/ S.Prucnal,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Millisecond annealing for advanced doping of dirty-silicon solar cells”, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 123104 (2012).
/6/ F.L. Bregolin,…,W.Skorupa et al.:“Hydrogen engineering via plasma immersion ion implantation and flash lamp annealing in silicon-based solar cell substrates”, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 064505 (2014).
/7/ H.B. Normann,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source by millisecond flash lamp annealing for shallow emitter solar cells”, Appl.Phys.Lett. 102, 132108 (2014).

Keywords: flash lamp annealing; subsecond thermal processing; ion implantation; semiconductors; doping; nanowires

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology 2015 — 30 Years of GADEST, 20.-25.09.2015, Erlangen, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22485
Publ.-Id: 22485


Subsecond thermal processing for nanostructured semiconductors

Skorupa, W.

This talk reviews the advances that subsecond thermal processing in the millisecond range using xenon-filled flash lamps (FLA) brings to the processing of advanced semiconductor materials, thus enabling the fabrication of novel electronic structures and materials. It will be demonstrated how such developments can translate into important practical applications via doping and/or defect engineering. A recent state-of-the-art is published in Ref./1/.
An important issue of our present work is the liquid phase processing in the millisecond range at the surface of solid substrates. A recent example is the controlled formation of III-V nanocrystals (InAs, GaAs) in silicon nanowires after ion beam synthesis /2/. We prepared coarse grained dendritic crystal structures in thin silicon films on silicon dioxide to show that the addition of carbon prevents the agglomeration of the molten silicon films and largely influences the crystallisation process /3/. We could demonstrate that germanium and silicon exhibit superconductivity at ambient pressure and temperatures in the range of 1-2 K by avoiding Ga clusters after ion implantation and FLA /4/. Regarding photovoltaic applications, we dealt with the ion beam doping and thermal processing of PV silicon demonstrating a distinct improvement of the minority carrier diffusion length compared to rapid thermal processing and furnace treatments /5/. Moreover, we engineered the hydrogen content in photovoltaic silicon in correlation to the phosphorus doping using plasma immersion ion implantation and FLA /6/. Also, we demonstrated FLA driven phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source /7/.

/1/ W. Skorupa and H. Schmidt: “Subsecond annealing of advanced materials”, Springer Series in Materials Science 192 (2014), ISBN 978-3-319-03131-6.
/2/ S.Prucnal,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “III–V semiconductor nanocrystal formation in silicon nanowires via liquid-phase epitaxy”, Nano Research 7, 1769 (2014); (see also Nano Lett. 11, 2814 (2011)).
/3/ M.Voelskow,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Formation of dendritic crystal structures in thin silicon films on silicon dioxide by carbon ion implantation and high intensity large area flash lamp irradiation”, J. Cryst. Growth, 388, 70 (2014)
/4/ V.Heera,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Depth-resolved transport measurements and atom-probe tomography of heterogeneous, superconducting Ge:Ga films”, Supercond.Sc.&Technol. 27, 055025 (2014).
/5/ S.Prucnal,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Millisecond annealing for advanced doping of dirty-silicon solar cells”, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 123104 (2012).
/6/ F.L. Bregolin,…,W.Skorupa et al.:“Hydrogen engineering via plasma immersion ion implantation and flash lamp annealing in silicon-based solar cell substrates”, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 064505 (2014).
/7/ H.B. Normann,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source by millisecond flash lamp annealing for shallow emitter solar cells”, Appl.Phys.Lett. 102, 132108 (2014).

Keywords: flash lamp annealing; subsecond thermal processing; ion implantation; semiconductors; doping; nanowires

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    28th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS 2015), 27.-31.07.2015, Aalto, Finland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22484
Publ.-Id: 22484


Nanotechnologie für die Korrosionsunterdrückung an Metall-Legierungen

Skorupa, W.

Im Rahmen eines vom Freistaat Sachsen über die Sächsische Aufbaubank geförderten Projektes haben wir uns mit der Anwendung der Nanotechnologie für den Korrosionsschutz von Blei-Zinn-Legierungen und Messing (Cu-Zn-Legierung) beschäftigt. Es wurde Dünnschichtabscheidung mittels gepulstem Laser bzw. Magnetronsputtern in Kombination zur Plasmaimmersions-Implantation verwendet. Es werden Ergebnisse von Laborstudien und Feldexperimenten in Kirchen für die beiden o.g. Legierungen berichtet, die effiziente Korrosionshemmung mit Dünnschichten im Dickenbereich <50 nm demonstrieren.

Keywords: Corrosion; plasma immersion ion implantation; lead-tin alloy; copper-zinc-alloy; nanotechnology

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    37. Treffen der Nutzergruppe Heißprozesse und RTP, 25.03.2015, Erlangen, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22483
Publ.-Id: 22483


Plasmaimmersions-Implantation gegen Korrosion an Metall-Legierungen

Skorupa, W.

Im Rahmen eines vom Freistaat Sachsen über die Sächsische Aufbaubank geförderten Projektes haben wir uns mit der Anwendung der Nanotechnologie für den Korrosionsschutz von Blei-Zinn-Legierungen und Messing (Cu-Zn-Legierung) beschäftigt. Es wurde Dünnschichtabscheidung mittels gepulstem Laser bzw. Magnetronsputtern in Kombination zur Plasmaimmersions-Implantation verwendet. Es werden Ergebnisse von Laborstudien und Feldexperimenten in Kirchen für die beiden o.g. Legierungen berichtet, die effiziente Korrosionshemmung mit Dünnschichten im Dickenbereich <50 nm demonstrieren.

Keywords: Corrosion; plasma immersion ion implantation; lead-tin alloy; copper-zinc-alloy

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    53. Treffen der Nutzergruppe Ionenimplantation, 26.03.2015, Erlangen, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22482
Publ.-Id: 22482


Adapting Scott and Bruce's General Decision-Making Style Inventory to Patient Decision Making in Provider Choice.

Fischer, S.; Soyez, K.; Gurtner, S.

OBJECTIVE:

Research testing the concept of decision-making styles in specific contexts such as health care-related choices is missing. Therefore, we examine the contextuality of Scott and Bruce's (1995) General Decision-Making Style Inventory with respect to patient choice situations.
METHODS:

Scott and Bruce's scale was adapted for use as a patient decision-making style inventory. In total, 388 German patients who underwent elective joint surgery responded to a questionnaire about their provider choice. Confirmatory factor analyses within 2 independent samples assessed factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the scale.
RESULTS:

The final 4-dimensional, 13-item patient decision-making style inventory showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Data analyses supported reliability and construct validity. Besides the intuitive, dependent, and avoidant style, a new subdimension, called "comparative" decision-making style, emerged that originated from the rational dimension of the general model.
CONCLUSIONS:

This research provides evidence for the contextuality of decision-making style to specific choice situations. Using a limited set of indicators, this report proposes the patient decision-making style inventory as valid and feasible tool to assess patients' decision propensities.

Keywords: decision-making style; patient choice; scale development and adaption

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22481
Publ.-Id: 22481


Nanotechnologie mittels Dünnschichtabscheidung und Plasmaimmersions-Implantation für die Korrosionsunterdrückung an Metall-Orgelpfeifen

Skorupa, W.; Pelic, B.; Eule, A.-C.; Werner, H.

Die klassische Orgel ist die wahrscheinlich komplexeste Errungenschaft des Abendlandes, da ihre Herstellung und Nutzung neben handwerklich-produktionstechnischen und wissenschaftlichen auch künstlerisch-ästhetische und religiöse Komponenten aufweist. Trotzdem unterliegt auch sie dem allbekannten Verfallsmechanismus der menschlichen Schöpfungen, in diesem Fall infolge Korrosion, die sich vor allem bei den metallischen Werkstoffen bemerkbar macht. Dies sind hauptsächlich Blei-Zinn-Legierungen und Messing (Cu-Zn-Legierung). Während die Bleikorrosion infolge von organischen Säuredämpfen (Essigsäure, Ameisensäure) schon Jahrhunderte bekannt ist, wurde die Korrosion von Messing im Orgelbau eher marginal berichtet. Eine der wesentlichen Ursachen für die Säuredämpfe liegt in der Verwendung von Holzkonstruktionen im Orgelbau, wobei vor allem Eichenholz aufgrund seines Essigsäuregehaltes kritisch ist.
Im Rahmen eines vom Freistaat Sachsen über die Sächsische Aufbaubank geförderten Projektes haben wir uns, nach unserem Wissen weltweit erstmals, mit der Anwendung der Nanotechnologie für den Korrosionsschutz der genannten metallischen Materialien beschäftigt. Es wurde Dünnschichtabscheidung mittels gepulstem Laser bzw. Magnetronsputtern in Kombination zur Plasmaimmersions-Implantation verwendet. Problematisch ist dabei auch, dass beide Legierungen wenig vakuumverträglich sind. Es werden Ergebnisse von Laborstudien und Feldexperimenten in Kirchen für die beiden o.g. Legierungen berichtet, die effiziente Korrosionshemmung mit Dünnschichten im Dickenbereich <50 nm demonstrieren.

Keywords: corrosion; plasma immersion ion implantation; lead-tin alloy; brass; Cu-Zn alloy

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Workshop "Oberflächentechnologie mit Plasma- und Ionenstrahlprozessen", 10.-12.03.2015, Mühlleithen, Vogtland, Sachsen, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22480
Publ.-Id: 22480


Subsecond thermal processing for nanomaterials and beyond

Skorupa, W.

This talk reviews the advances that subsecond thermal processing in the millisecond range using xenon-filled flash lamps (FLA) brings to the processing of advanced semiconductor materials, thus enabling the fabrication of novel electronic structures and materials. It will be demonstrated how such developments can translate into important practical applications via doping and/or defect engineering. A recent state-of-the-art is published in Ref./1/.
An important issue of our present work is the liquid phase processing in the millisecond range at the surface of solid substrates. A recent example is the controlled formation of III-V nanocrystals (InAs, GaAs) in silicon nanowires after ion beam synthesis /2/, see the contribution of S.Prucnal at this workshop. Further, we prepared coarse grained dendritic crystal structures in thin silicon films on silicon dioxide to show that the addition of carbon prevents the agglomeration of the molten silicon films and largely influences the crystallisation process /3/. We could demonstrate that germanium and silicon exhibit superconductivity at ambient pressure and temperatures in the range of 1-2 K by avoiding Ga clusters after ion implantation and FLA /4/. Regarding photovoltaic applications, we dealt with the ion beam doping and thermal processing of PV silicon demonstrating a distinct improvement of the minority carrier diffusion length compared to rapid thermal processing and furnace treatments /5/. Moreover, we engineered the hydrogen content in photovoltaic silicon in correlation to the phosphorus doping using plasma immersion ion implantation and FLA /6/. Also, we demonstrated FLA driven phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source /7/.

/1/ W. Skorupa and H. Schmidt: “Subsecond annealing of advanced materials”, Springer Series in Materials Science 192 (2014), ISBN 978-3-319-03131-6.
/2/ S.Prucnal,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “III–V semiconductor nanocrystal formation in silicon nanowires via liquid-phase epitaxy”, Nano Research 7, 1769 (2014); (see also Nano Lett. 11, 2814 (2011)).
/3/ M.Voelskow,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Formation of dendritic crystal structures in thin silicon films on silicon dioxide by carbon ion implantation and high intensity large area flash lamp irradiation”, J. Cryst. Growth, 388, 70 (2014)
/4/ V.Heera,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Depth-resolved transport measurements and atom-probe tomography of heterogeneous, superconducting Ge:Ga films”, Supercond.Sc.&Technol. 27, 055025 (2014).
/5/ S.Prucnal,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Millisecond annealing for advanced doping of dirty-silicon solar cells”, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 123104 (2012).
/6/ F.L. Bregolin,…,W.Skorupa et al.:“Hydrogen engineering via plasma immersion ion implantation and flash lamp annealing in silicon-based solar cell substrates”, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 064505 (2014).
/7/ H.B. Normann,…,W.Skorupa et al.: “Phosphorus in-diffusion from a surface source by millisecond flash lamp annealing for shallow emitter solar cells”, Appl.Phys.Lett. 102, 132108 (2014).

Keywords: flash lamp annealing; thermal processing; ion implantation; semiconductors

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    NATO Advanced Research Workshop: "Functional Nanomaterials and Devices for Electronics, Sensors, Energy Harvesting", 13.-16.04.2015, Lviv, Ukraine

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22479
Publ.-Id: 22479


Comparative study of defect evolution in carbon implanted strained SiGe and SiSn layers

Gaiduk, P. I.; Hansen, J. L.; Larsen, A. N.; Skorupa, W.

By combining secondary ion-mass spectrometry, transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford-backscattering spectrometry we show that the redistribution of implanted carbon atoms around epitaxially strained Si/SiGe layers results in their accumulation on the Si side and depletion on the SiGe side. On the contrary, uphill diffusion of carbon into SiSn layers takes place in the case of Si/SiSn structures. The TEM study demonstrates formation of dislocation loops, stacking faults and interstitial clusters in the Si/SiGe layers, but elimination of interstitial dislocation loops and suppression of tin precipitates in the Si/SiSn layers. We deduced different evolution of dislocation loops and a precipitate is due to dopant-defect complexes. The complex formation is enhanced by separation of implanted point defects in strain-fields of Si/SiSn and Si/SiGe layers.

Keywords: epitaxially strained Si/SiGe layers; carbon; diffusion; ion implantation

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22478
Publ.-Id: 22478


The precession dynamo experiment at HZDR

Giesecke, A.; Gundrum, T.; Herault, J.; Stefani, F.; Gerbeth, G.

In a next generation dynamo experiment currently under development at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) a fluid flow of liquid sodium, solely driven by precession, will be considered as a possible source for magnetic field generation. The experiment is mainly motivated by alternative concepts for astrophysical dynamos that are based on mechanical flow driving. For example, it has long been discussed whether precession may be a complementary power source for the geodynamo (Malkus, Science 1968) or for the ancient lunar dynamo due to the Earth-driven precession of the lunar spin axis (Dwyer, Nature 2011).

We will present the current state of development of the dynamo experiment together with results from non-linear hydrodynamic simulations with moderate precessional forcing. Our simulations reveal a non-axisymmetric forced mode with an amplitude of up to one fourth of the rotation velocity of the cylindrical container confirming that precession provides a rather efficient flow driving mechanism even at moderate precession rates.

More relevant for dynamo action might be free Kelvin modes (the natural flow eigenmodes in a rotating cylinder) with higher azimuthal wave number. These modes may become relevant when constituting a triadic resonance with the fundamental forced mode, i.e., when the height of the container matches their axial wave lengths. We find triadic resonances at aspect ratios close to those predicted by the linear theory except around the primary resonance of the forced mode. In that regime we still identify free Kelvin modes propagating in retrograde direction but none of them can be assigned to a triade.

Our results will enter into the development of flow models that will be used in kinematic simulations of the electromagnetic induction equation in order to determine whether a precession driven flow will be capable to drive a dynamo at all and to limit the parameter space within which the occurrence of dynamo action is most promising.

Keywords: Dynamo; Dresdyn; Precession

  • Poster
    AGU Fall Meeting 2015, 13.-18.12.2015, San Francisco, USA
  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    AGU Fall Meeting 2015, 13.-18.12.2015, San Francisco, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22477
Publ.-Id: 22477


Targeting of the EGFR/β1 integrin connecting proteins PINCH1 and Nck2 radiosensitizes three-dimensional SCC cell cultures.

Rossow, L.; Eke, I.; Dickreuter, E.; Cordes, N.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in tumor cell resistance to therapy. In addition to ligand binding, mutual and cooperative interactions of EGFR with integrin cell adhesion receptors critically influence proper downstream signaling through a number of bridging adapter proteins. In the present study, we analyzed the role of two of these adapter proteins, called PINCH1 and Nck2, for cellular radioresistance in combination with EGFR-targeting using the monoclonal antibody cetuximab. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PINCH1 or Nck2 resulted in enhanced radiosensitivity of 3D grown human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines FaDu (head and neck) and A431 (epidermis) comparable with effects seen after cetuximab treatment. Combination of knockdown and cetuximab did not result in additive nor synergistic effects regarding clonogenic radiation survival. Modifications in MAPK, Akt and FAK phosphorylation occurred upon cetuximab treatment as well as PINCH1 or Nck2 depletion. We further found this tumor cell radiosensitization to be due to attenuated repair of DNA double strand breaks and altered Rad50 and Nbs1 expression but without changes in other DNA repair proteins such as ATM, DNA-PK and Mre11. Our data suggest that the adaptor proteins PINCH1 and Nck2 critically contribute to cellular radioresistance and proper EGFR signaling in 3D lrECM grown human squamous cell carcinoma cells. Further investigations are warranted to identify the intracellular signaling network controlled by EGFR, PINCH1 and Nck2.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22476
Publ.-Id: 22476


Ion beam technology

Fassbender, J.

Overview over ion beam technology at HZDR

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    High resolution diagnostics and ion beam technology, 01.-02.10.2015, Bratislava, Slovakei

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22474
Publ.-Id: 22474


High-field magnetic behavior and forced-ferromagnetic state in an ErFe11TiH single crystal

Kostyuchenko, N. V.; Zvezdin, A. K.; Tereshina, E. A.; Skourski, Y.; Doerr, M.; Drulis, H.; Pelevin, I. A.; Tereshina, I. S.

The crystal-field and exchange parameters are determined for the single-crystalline hydride ErFe11TiH compound by analyzing the experimental magnetization curves obtained in magnetic fields of up to 60 T. By using the calculated parameters we succeeded in modeling theoretical magnetization curves for ErFe11TiH up to 200 Т and to study in detail the transition from ferrimagnetic to a ferromagnetic state in the appliedmagnetic field.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22473
Publ.-Id: 22473


Enhanced low-energy γ-decay probability - implications for r-process (n,γ) reaction rates

Larsen, A. C.; Guttormsen, M.; Bello-Garrotte, F. L.; Bernstein, L. A.; Bleuel, D. L.; Bracco, A.; Brown, B. A.; Camera, F.; Crespo-Campo, L.; Frauendorf, S.; Goldblum, B. L.; Goriely, S.; Görgen, A.; Hadynska-Klek, K.; Hagen, T. W.; Harissopulos, S.; Kheswa, B. V.; Klintefjord, M.; Leoni, S.; Liddick, S. N.; Moretto, L. G.; Naqvi, F.; Perdikakis, G.; Renstrøm, T.; Rogers, A. M.; Rose, S. J.; Sahin, E.; Schwengner, R.; Siem, S.; Simon, A.; Spyrou, A.; Tveten, G. M.; Voinov, A.; Wiedeking, M.; Utsunomiya, H.

An unexpected enhancement in the average, reduced γ-decay strength at very low -transition energies has been observed in in f p-shell nuclei as well as in the Mo region. Very recently, it has showed up in 138 La, which is, so far, the heaviest nucleus to display this feature. In this work, we present an experimental and theoretical overview of the low-energy enhancement. In particular, experimental evidence for the dipole nature of the enhancement, and shell-model calculations indicating strong, low-energy M 1 transitions are shown. Possible implications of this low-energy enhancement on astrophysical (n,γ ) reaction rates of relevance for the r-process nucleosynthesis are discussed.

Keywords: Nuclear structure; nuclear reactions; gamma strength function; neutron capture; reaction rates

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    14th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms, 15.-19.06.2015, Varenna, Italien
    Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms, Genf: CERN-Proceedings, ISBN 978-92-9083-418-2, 261-266

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22472
Publ.-Id: 22472


Single Molecule Doping: Conductance Changed by Transition Metal Centers in Salen Molecules

Kilibarda, F.; Strobel, A.; Sendler, T.; Wieser, M.; Mortensen, M.; Brender Trads, J.; Helm, M.; Kerbusch, J.; Scheer, E.; Gemming, S.; Gothelf, K. V.; Erbe, A.

The creation of molecular components for the use as electronic devices has made enormous progress. In order to advance the field further towards realistic electronic concepts, methods for the controlled modification of the conducting properties of the molecules contacted by metallic electrodes need to be further developed. Here we present a comprehensive study of charge transport in a class of molecules that allows modifications by introducing metal centers into organic structures. Single molecules are electrically contacted and characterized in order to understand the role of the metal centers in the conductance mechanism through the mo\-le\-cu\-lar junctions. It is shown that the presence of single metal ions modifies the energy levels and the coupling of the molecules to the electrical contacts, and that these modifications lead to systematic variations in the statistical behavior of transport properties of the molecular junctions. We apply a rigorous statistical analysis of thousands of junctions to reveal this correlation. The understanding of the role of the metal ion in the resulting conductance properties is an essential step towards the development of molecular electronic circuits.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-22471
Publ.-Id: 22471


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