Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

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41397 Publications

Impact of a revised Mg-25(p, gamma)Al-26 Reaction Rate on the Operation of the Mg-Al Cycle

Straniero, O.; Imbriani, G.; Strieder, F.; Bemmerer, D.; Broggini, C.; Caciolli, A.; Corvisiero, P.; Costantini, H.; Cristallo, S.; Dileva, A.; Formicola, A.; Elekes, Z.; Fulop, Z.; Gervino, G.; Guglielmetti, A.; Gustavino, C.; Gyurky, G.; Junker, M.; Lemut, A.; Limata, B.; Marta, M.; Mazzocchi, C.; Menegazzo, R.; Piersanti, L.; Prati, P.; Roca, V.; Rolfs, C.; Alvarez, C.; Somorjai, E.; Terrasi, F.; Trautvetter, H.

Proton captures on Mg isotopes play an important role in the Mg-Al cycle active in stellar H-burning regions. In particular, low-energy nuclear resonances in the Mg-25(p,gamma)Al-26 reaction affect the production of radioactive Al-26(gs) as well as the resulting Mg/Al abundance ratio. Reliable estimations of these quantities require precise measurements of the strengths of low-energy resonances. Based on a new experimental study performed at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics, we provide revised rates of the Mg-25(p,gamma)Al-26(gs) and the Mg-25(p,gamma)Al-26(m) reactions with corresponding uncertainties. In the temperature range 50-150 MK, the new recommended rate of Al-26(m) production is up to five times higher than previously assumed. In addition, at T = 100 MK, the revised total reaction rate is a factor of two higher. Note that this is the range of temperature at which the Mg-Al cycle operates in a H-burning zone. The effects of this revision are discu!
ssed. Due to the significantly larger Mg-25(p,gamma)Al-26(m) rate, the estimated production of Al-26(gs) in H-burning regions is less efficient than previously obtained. As a result, the new rates should imply a smaller contribution from Wolf-Rayet stars to the galactic Al-26 budget. Similarly, we show that the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) extra-mixing scenario does not appear able to explain the most extreme values of Al-26/Al-27, i.e., > 10(-2), found in some O-rich presolar grains. Finally, the substantial increase of the total reaction rate makes the hypothesis of self-pollution by massive AGBs a more robust explanation for the Mg-Al anticorrelation observed in globular-cluster stars.

Keywords: globular clusters: general; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: Wolf-Rayet

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18473
Publ.-Id: 18473


Long spin relaxation time of holes in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells probed by cyclotron resonance spectroscopy

Drachenko, O.; Kozlov, D.; Ikonnikov, A. V.; Spirin, K. E.; Gavrilenko, V.; Schneider, H.; Helm, M.; Wosnitza, J.

In this paper, we report on a long, ms range, hole spin relaxation time in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells probed by cyclotron resonance spectroscopy in pulsed magnetic fields. In our experiments, we found strong hysteresis in the spectral weights of cyclotron resonance absorption lines when rapidly changing magnetic field is used for the experiment. The hysteresis vanishes when a much slower changing magnetic field is used. We attribute this behavior to a long energy relaxation time between the two lowest spin-split hole Landau levels, i.e., a long hole spin relaxation time. We also present transition frequencies calculated using a 4×4 Luttinger Hamiltonian, which confirm our findings.

Keywords: Cyclotron resonace; spin relaxation time; spintronics; InGaAs; high magnetic fields

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18472
Publ.-Id: 18472


New insight into physics of the holes in semiconductors through Terahertz studies in ultra-high magnetic fields

Drachenko, O.

This talk summarizes recent magneto-optical activities at Dresden high magnetic field laboratory. The first part reports a correction to the model potential of the Ga acceptor in germanium, evidenced by high-magnetic-field photoconductivity measurements. It was found that under high magnetic fields the chemical shift of the binding energy of Ga acceptors vanishes, contrary to the results given by the generally accepted theory. To fit our data, we found that the central-cell correction should contain a repulsive part (i.e., it must be bipolar), in contrast to the purely attractive screened point-charge potential widely used in the literature.
In the second part, we report long, ms range, hole spin relaxation time in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells probed by cyclotron- resonance spectroscopy in pulsed magnetic fields. In our experiments, we found strong hysteresis in the spectral weights of cyclotron resonance absorption lines when rapidly changing magnetic field is used for the experiment. The hysteresis vanishes when a much slower changing magnetic field is used. We attribute this behavior to a long energy relaxation time between two lowest spin-split hole Landau levels, i.e. a long hole spin relaxation time. We also present transition frequencies calculated using a 4x4 Luttinger Hamiltonian, which confirm our findings.

Keywords: Semiconductors; cyclotron resonance; magnetic fields; holes; spin relaxation

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar at Laboratory Charles Coulomb &TERALAB, Université Montpellier 2 &CNRS, 22.02.2013, Montpellier, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18471
Publ.-Id: 18471


Modelling turbulence dynamics at the free surface of horizontal two phase flows

Höhne, T.

  • Limits today in simulating horizontal two phase flow: no special turbulence treatment at the surface Turbulence Damping,
  • Introduction of a symmetric damping procedure (Egorov) for the solid wall-like damping of turbulence in both gas and liquid phases Subgrid wave turbulence (SWT),
  • Waves created by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities that are smaller than the grid size are neglected - Influence on the turbulence kinetic energy of the liquid side can be significantly large,
  • A region of marginal breaking is defined according Brocchini and Peregrine (2001) and added as a source term in the turbulent kinetic energy equation,
  • Verification and Validation is going on – more experimental data are required for the validation

Keywords: AIAD; CFD; Horizontal Flow; SWT

  • Lecture (Conference)
    CFD-Verbundtreffen, 06.-07.03.2013, Garching, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18470
Publ.-Id: 18470


Uptake of multi-disperse starch by anion exchangers

Pürschel, M.; Sachs, S.; Bernhard, G.; Ender, V.

Demineralisation plants of power stations are not able to remove organics in all cases to a satisfied degree. The present work focuses on natural organic matter (NOM) and its interaction with anion exchanger and adsorber resins to optimize organics uptake. In this study, four different starches (one of them 14C-labelled) with different molecular size distributions were selected as model substances for the biopolymer fraction of NOM. Their uptake by various anion exchangers and adsorbers was measured in column experiments. Results are discussed in terms of size exclusion, anion exchange, adsorption, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic repulsion. In summary, at neutral pH, starch has been removed preferably by size-exclusion followed by adsorption, whereas anion exchange resins show higher uptake capacities than “pure” adsorber resins caused by stronger attraction between starch and polar functional groups of the anion exchangers. At acidic pH, the uptake of sulphate, as competitive adsorptive, leads to an earlier starch breakthrough at anion exchangers. Therefore, adsorbers are more effective. It was found, that the higher the water content of the resins, the more effective the uptake is.

Keywords: water treatment; natural organic matter (NOM); anion exchange; adsorption

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physical Science and Application 3(2013)3, 147-155

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18469
Publ.-Id: 18469


Functional DNA origami nanostructures

Keller, A.

Functional DNA origami nanostructures for single-molecule experiments and novel nanomaterials

  • Lecture (others)
    B CUBE Seminar, 30.01.2013, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar Physikalische Chemie, 09.04.2013, Potsdam, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18468
Publ.-Id: 18468


Optical measurement of the longitudinal ion distribution of bunched ion beams in the ESR

Wen, W. Q.; Lochmann, M.; Ma, X.; Bussmann, M.; Winters, D. F. A.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Botermann, B.; Geppert, C.; Frömmgen, N.; Hammen, M.; Hannen, V.; Jöhren, R.; Kühl, T.; Litvinov, Y.; Sánchez, R.; Stöhlker, T.; Vollbrecht, J.; Weinheimer, C.; Dimopoulou, C.; Nolden, F.; Steck, M.

An optical technique to study the longitudinal distribution of ions in a bunched ion beam circulating in a storage ring is presented. It is based on the arrival-time analysis of photons emitted after collisional excitation of residual gas molecules. The beam-induced fluorescence was investigated in the ultraviolet regime with a channeltron and in the visible region using a photomultiplier tube. Both were applied to investigate the longitudinal shape of bunched and electron-cooled 209Bi80+ ion beams at about 400 MeV/u in the experimental storage ring (ESR) at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. Bunch lengths were determined with an uncertainty of about 0.5 m using the UV-sensitive channeltron and with slightly lower accuracy from the photomultiplier data due to the slower transitions in the red region of the spectrum. The Gaussian shape of the longitudinal distribution of ions inside the bunch was confirmed. With the information of the transverse beam size that can be measured simultaneously by a newly installed ionization profile monitor (IPM) at the ESR, an accurate determination of the ion density in the bunched beam will be allowed.

Keywords: optical; bunch; length; measurement; ion; storage; ring

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18467
Publ.-Id: 18467


Characterization of primary and secondary magnetite in marine sediment by combining chemical and magnetic unmixing techniques

Ludwig, P.; Egli, R.; Bishop, S.; Chernenko, V.; Frederichs, T.; Rugel, G.; Merchel, S.; Orgeira, M. J.

We present a novel technique for quantitative unmixing of primary and secondary ferrimagnetic minerals in sediments. Hysteresis and high-resolution first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements are performed on sediment samples before and after digestion in a citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) solution optimized for maximum selective extraction of secondary fine-grained iron oxides. The difference between magnetic measurements of untreated and CBD-treated sample materials is used to calculate the original magnetic signature of CBD-extractable minerals. Combination of selective chemical extraction and magnetic measurements suited for the detection of single-domain particles provides a cross-check between chemical and magnetic unmixing of primary and secondary iron-oxides and resolves the non-uniqueness of numerical unmixing methods. A fully quantitative magnetic characerization of secondary ferrimagnetic minerals in a magnetofossil-rich pelagic carbonate is presented for the first time. It can be used for calibartion of recently developed fast magentic unmixing techniques. CBD-based Fe extraction from sediments with minimal clascic and/or aeolian inputs, such as pelagic carbonates, is partcularly suited for the detection of cosmogenic 60Fe signatures from supernova explosions, because 60Fe dilution by dissolved primary Fe-bearing minerals is minimized.

Keywords: accelerator mass spectrometry; supernova; ferrimagnetic minerals; FORC; radiochemical separation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18466
Publ.-Id: 18466


Experimental investigation of multilayer particle deposition and resuspension between periodic steps in turbulent flows

Barth, T.; Reiche, M.; Banowski, M.; Oppermann, M.; Hampel, U.

Multilayer particle deposition and resuspension between periodic steps in a turbulent channel flow was experimentally studied. A particle laden turbulent flow in a horizontal channel was generated by means of a small-scale wind tunnel. Periodic steps were placed on the channel floor to induce a complex flow field characterized by flow separations, recirculation and reattachment zones.
The turbulent flow field was recorded by means of a stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry system. The dimensions of the flow field structures agree well with the specifications from comparable studies. Polydisperse graphite particles were injected into the flow field during a pure deposition regime. The multilayer build up between the periodic steps was measured using a laser distance sensor coupled with a linear stage. The particle layer build up shows a linear tendency against time and the deposition velocities are in good agreement with similar investigations. After the deposition scenario the particle dispersion was switched off and particle resuspension was induced by the stepwise increase of the fluid velocity. The particle resuspension was found to begin in clusters close to the recirculation zones and was accomplished at lower friction velocities than necessary for single particle resuspension. Surface roughness analysis of the multilayer interface characterizes the growth of the loose particle agglomerates during particle deposition and the instant removal of these structures during particle resuspension. Furthermore, particle bed porosity measurements were performed by gravimetrical and x-ray methods to characterize the packing properties. Spatial correlations between the turbulent flow field and the multilayer thickness distribution indicate the influence of inertia impaction, turbulent dispersion and gravitational settling on the particle deposition process. The multilayer particle resuspension seems to be influenced by the mean and fluctuating flow field structures. The results indicate similarities between single particle and multilayer particle formation during particle deposition and resuspension processes.

Keywords: multilayer; graphite particle; deposition; resuspension; turbulent duct flow; periodic steps; high temperature reactor; design basis accident; particle image velocimetry

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18465
Publ.-Id: 18465


Metal interaction processes with cell wall components of Gram-positive bacteria studied by QCM-D

Suhr, M.; Matys, S.; Raff, J.; Pollmann, K.

Bacterial isolates from the uranium mining waste pile Haberland (Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony) possess high affinities for heavy metals [1]. Binding sites are predominantly provided by the components of the bacterial cell wall, mainly by surface layer proteins, but also from other parts of the cell wall e.g. membrane lipids.

A deeper understanding of the metal interaction with the biosphere is important not only from an ecological point of view but also from an application oriented one.
Parts of our investigations focused on surface layer proteins (S-layers). They represent the outermost cell envelope of many eubacteria and archaea forming highly ordered paracrystalline lattices not only on the living cell, but also after isolation on various technical surfaces by self-assembling processes [2]. Such biological structures can be used e.g. as filter materials for waste water treatment and as templates for synthesis of bio-based sensory layer or chemical catalysts [3]. Nevertheless, the investigation of interactions of the cell wall components like S-layer, peptidoglycan, lipids and secondary cell wall polymers (SCWP) with metals and nanoparticles both as molecules and as intact layers on a molecular level remains challenging.

In addition, to standard bio-analytical methods the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) represents a versatile tool to track and control the biological layer formation, metal interaction and nanoparticle deposition as well as adsorption kinetics. This method allows the real time detection of sorption processes on a molecular level and gives further information of the viscoelasticity [4].

Aim of our study was the investigation of layer adsorption of isolated cell wall components on technical surfaces such as glass or silicon using a simplified model derived from Gram-positive bacteria in order to get basic information about multilevel processes in complex natural systems. The sorption behavior of metals with these components will be investigated by QCM-D. The results were evaluated by supporting atomic force microscopy (AFM).

[1] J. Raff et al. (2003), Chem. Mater. 15, 240-244.
[2] Sleytr, U. B. et al. (2007), FEMS Microbiology Letters 267(2), 131-144.
[3] K. Pollmann et al. (2006), Biotechnol. Adv. 24, 58– 68.
[4] A. E. Lopez et al. (2010), Small 6 (3), 396 -403.

Keywords: Bacteria; QCM-D; Biosorption; sorption; heavy metal; metal binding; AFM; cell wall

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Annual Conference of the Association for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM), 10.-13.03.2013, Bremen, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18464
Publ.-Id: 18464


To Develop a High Brightness SRF Photo Injector for Electron-Laser Interaction

Lu, P.; Vennekate, H.; Teichert, J.; Arnold, A.; Murcek, P.; Xiang, R.

Background:

- a 3½-cell SRF gun was developed and commissioned in HZDR
- the SRF gun needs further optimization and refinement

Related publications

  • Poster
    First International School on Laser Applications at Accelerators, 14.-17.10.2012, Caen, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18463
Publ.-Id: 18463


Performance and Workflow of a new sequential PET/MR System, the Mediso nanoScan®

Kranz, M.; Will, E.; Bergmann, R.; Meister, S.; Hóbor, S.; Donat, C.; Brust, P.

Aim:

In this study we describe the performance and workflow of the commercially available small animal sequential PET/MR system, the Mediso nanoScan®.

Material and Methods:

The system consists of a PET scanner (Mediso Ltd. Budapest, Hungary) based on LYSO crystals (1.12 x 1.12 x 13mm) with an axially FOV of 94.7mm and a 1 tesla permanent magnet (Aspect Imaging, Toronto, Canada). The fringe fields of this magnet enable the use of Position Sensitive PMTs (PSPMTs) for the PET gantry.
The PET performance was assessed by using NEMA NU 4-2008 standard to derive the sensitivity and spatial resolution. The MR based attenuation correction for this device is tested by using different homogenous volumes (syringes); the activity is reconstructed and compared to the uncorrected data to determine the impact of this method. The image quality of the system is presented in through different MR scans of rat and mice as well as in coregistered PET/MR images.

Conclusion:

The PET performance has no visible influence by the MRI system. The first results deliver an absolute sensitivity of 8.4% and an axial resolution of 1.1mm FWHM (radial 1.5, tangential 1.3). Anatomic good quality brain images are obtained in 20 minutes and a basic 3D scout in 4.5 minutes. The reproduced activity of the attenuation corrected data verifies the efficiency of the implemented method, while the residual deviation in homogenous phantoms is +1.3% (5ml, 10ml and 20ml syringes).
The nanoScan® PET/MR scanner allows fast, high resolution anatomical MR- and precise PET-imaging with a special regard to brain studies.

  • Poster
    Marburger 7Tesla MRT-Symposium, 12.04.2013, Marburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18462
Publ.-Id: 18462


Laser-driven High-Energy-Density Physics

Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Schramm, U.; Cowan, T.

Research fields for the HED Instrument at the European XFEL
with the Helmholtz-Beamline add-on

Keywords: European XFEL; laser compression; shock compression; warm dense matter; WDM

  • Poster
    European XFEL & DESY Photon Science User's Meeting 2013, 23.-25.01.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18461
Publ.-Id: 18461


Relativistic Laser-Matter-Interaction

Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Schramm, U.; Cowan, T.

Research fields for the HED Instrument at the European XFEL with the Helmholtz-Beamline add-on

Keywords: European XFEL; laser particle acceleration; relativistic electron transport; SAXS

  • Poster
    European XFEL & DESY Photon Science User's Meeting 2013, 23.-25.01.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18460
Publ.-Id: 18460


The HELMHOLTZ-BEAMLINE at the European XFEL

Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Schramm, U.; Cowan, T.

Providing additional instrumentation to the HED instrument via a User-Consortium to a world-unique combination.

Keywords: European XFEL; HED; HEDP; Helmholtz Beamline

  • Poster
    European XFEL & DESY Photon Science User's Meeting 2013, 23.-25.01.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18459
Publ.-Id: 18459


Risk management:corporate governance and compliance

Stiller, D.; Joehnk, P.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    20th International Scientific Conference. Global Crises - Opportunities and Threats, 10.-12.10.2012, Trnava, Slovak Republic
    CO-MAT-Tech 2012, Trnava: AlumniPress, 978-80-8096-180-0

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18458
Publ.-Id: 18458


Risk management for companies factors for an effective risk management

Stiller, D.; Joehnk, P.

The article deals with the formal reguirements for an effective risk management system. After summing up the definition of risk and risk management and the description of the objectives and tasks, the idea of the process steps of a risk management system with significant methods and instruments follows. Finally, an organizational integration will be shown.

Keywords: risk; risk management; ris identification; risk assessment; risk regulation; risk control; risk reporting; risk portfolio

  • Open Access Logo Journal of International Scientific Publications: Economy & Business 5(2011)1, 223-232
    ISSN: 1313-2555

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18457
Publ.-Id: 18457


Reactive crisis management

Stiller, D.; Joehnk, P.

The article describes the different aspects of crisis management. The term corporate crisis and its typical phases will be defined as well as the essential measures, which can be used to avoid or manage a crisis situation in a company. A particular focus is placed on measures of reorganisation as a part of reactive crisis management. Three particular measures of reorganisation management will be present.

Keywords: corporate crises; crisis management; active and reactive crisis management; reorganisation management

  • Open Access Logo Journal of International Scientific Publications: Economy & Business 6(2012)1, 231-239
    ISSN: 1313-2555
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Economy & Business – 11th Annual International Symposium, 03.09.2012, Sunny Beach, Bulgaria

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18456
Publ.-Id: 18456


The influence of defects on the structural and electronic properties of oxides

Gemming, S.; Zschornak, M.; Weißbach, T.; Meyer, D. C.; Lubk, A.; Riedl, T.; Gemming, T.

Seminarvortrag zu:

  • Switching – Electrostatic field at interfaces
  • Strontium Titanate & Defects
  • Aluminium Oxide Boundaries - Quantification by DFT – EELS – HRTEM

Keywords: density-finctional theory; oxides; transmission electron microscopy; titanates; Ruddlesden-Popper

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Eingeladener Seminarvortrag am HZ Berlin, 26.11.2012, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18455
Publ.-Id: 18455


Nanoscale Metal-Molecule Contacts

Berger, S.; Gemming, S.; Erdogan, E.; Seifert, G.; Sendler, T.; Erbe, A.

Several differently substituted 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene molecules have been analyzed regarding their suitability as nano-electrical devices. Since the molecules have the same fully conjugated backbone and only differ in their side groups it has been possible to study the influence of such side groups. First, the contact stability of the molecules was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Not only the energetically optimized contact geometries, but also energetically less favorable contract geometries remained contacted. In the next step, the density-functional-based tight-binding method was employed to analyze the density of states as well as the charge transport properties of both molecules. This investigation showed that the side group effect reduces the energy gap between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. However, the charge transport was lowered by the influence of the side group. Furthermore, the molecular density of states gets significantly changed if the molecule is contacted by metallic leads.

Keywords: molecular electronics; nanoelectronics; density-functional

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    JaDe - Joint Dresden-Japan Workshop on Molecular Scale and Organic Electronic Materials, 11.-14.12.2012, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18454
Publ.-Id: 18454


Tribosimulation of ta-C nanocoatings

Kunze, T.; Posselt, M.; Gemming, S.; von Lautz, J.; Pastewka, L.; Moseler, M.; Seifert, G.

Nanocoatings have the potential to improve the surface properties of various materials. They are of extreme importance for surfaces in sliding contact such as highly stressed automotive engine parts. Here, nanocoatings have to be optimized with respect to low friction properties and a high wear resistance to enhance the energetic and environmental efficiency.
The present study employs atomic-scale simulations to investigate the basic principles of wear and friction between hydrogen-free tetrahedral-amorphous carbon (ta-C) films. The ta-C films are modeled state-of-the-art by an improved version of the well-known Brenner bond-order potential [1,2], which had been successfully applied to elucidate the wear processes during diamond polishing[3].

Our work starts with the preparation of ta-C film structures with different atomic densities, which are then characterized with respect to local and global film properties in comparison to experimental data. With these prepared nanocoatings, we perform computational sliding experiments to investigate mechanisms of friction and wear between interacting ta-C surfaces. Dry and lubricated sliding is considered. Especially for dry sliding and during tribological contact, these diamond-like films (mainly sp3 hybridized) tend to form a soft-amorphous or graphite-like tribomaterial mainly consisting of carbon atoms in sp2 configuration. We discuss underlying mechanisms of the dynamic triboreactions and investigate tribological properties such as shear forces at the sliding interface.

Keywords: nanotribology; molecular dynamics; molecular modeling; density-functional theory; scale-bridging

Related publications

  • Poster
    MSE - Materials Science and Engineering, 25.-27.09.2012, Darmstadt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18453
Publ.-Id: 18453


Nanoscale metal-molecule contacts

Berger, S.; Gemming, S.; Erbe, A.; Erdogan, E.; Seifert, G.

Several differently substituted 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene molecules have been analyzed regarding their suitability as nano-electrical devices. Since the molecules have the same fully conjugated backbone and only differ in their side groups it has been possible to study the influence of such side groups. First, the contact stability of the molecules was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Not only the energetically optimized contact geometries, but also energetically less favorable contract geometries remained contacted. In the next step, the density-functional-based tight-binding method was employed to analyze the density of states as well as the charge transport properties of both molecules. This investigation showed that the side group effect reduces the energy gap between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. However, the charge transport was lowered by the influence of the side group. Furthermore, the molecular density of states gets significantly changed if the molecule is contacted by metallic leads.

Keywords: molecular electronics; nanoscale electronics; contacts; interfaces; density-functional theory; scale-bridging

  • Lecture (Conference)
    MSE 2012 - Materials Science and Engineering, 25.-27.09.2012, Darmstadt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18452
Publ.-Id: 18452


How to build a positron beam

Brauer, G.

A story of personal experience is presented which will be illustrated by several photographs taken in the course of design, construction and final use of the positron beam "SPONSOR" at Rossendorf. In particular, the important role of and very fruitful cooperation with Professor Paul Coleman will be outlined and honoured.

Keywords: design; construction; slow positron beam

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    The recent history of positron physics (Colemanfest), 18.08.2012, Bristol, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18451
Publ.-Id: 18451


Uranium(VI) sorption on mineral phases studied by in situ laser fluorescence spectroscopy

Steudtner, R.; Berger, M.; Müller, K.; Brendler, V.

The determination and verification of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of complexation, redox and sorption processes will improve the safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal sites. Sorption processes of U(VI) on mineral surface were traditionally investigated as a function of different reaction parameters (pH, I, T, Eh, c, atm., gs) by employing batch sorption experiments and surface complexation modeling (SCM). In the last decades, the batch sorption experiments were additionally investigated by the application of different spectroscopic techniques (TRLFS, EXAFS, ATR FT-IR). Especially the in situ ATR FT-IR experiments provide an online monitoring of the absorption changes of the sorption processes by the formation of the U(VI) surface complexes. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of laser fluorescence spectroscopy for in situ monitoring and characterization of U(VI) sorption reactions. Therefore we investigated the sorption of an aqueous solution of U(VI) onto SiO2. In analogy to the in situ ATR FT-IR measurements, three subprocesses (conditioning, sorption, flushing) are performed in in situ laser fluorescence experiments, as shown in Fig. 1. The resulting fluorescence spectra showed significantly different fluorescence characteristics between the aquoues U(VI) and the sorbed U(VI) species. These preliminary results show that the application of the in situ laser fluorescence spectroscopy is a new alternative technique for identification and characterization of U(VI) complexes at mineral-water interfaces on a molecular level. Furthermore, the time-resolution in the sub-minute range allows kinetic studies of the surface reactions.

Keywords: TRLFS; ATR FT-IR; surface complexation

  • Lecture (Conference)
    GDCh-Wissenschaftsforum Chemie 2013, 01.-04.09.2013, Darmstadt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18450
Publ.-Id: 18450


3-D dose determination using scintillator blocks and optical tomography.

Kroll, F.; Karsch, L.; Enghardt, W.; Schürer, M.; Zuber, K.; Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Poster
    Retreat and 7th Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board of OncoRay, 07.-08.03.2012, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18449
Publ.-Id: 18449


Krein space related physics (I+II)

Günther, U.

Physical models with anti-linear symmetries can often be described by differential operators self-adjoint in suitably chosen Krein spaces.
In the first lecture, we briefly comment on the spectral properties of some specific operators self-adjoint in Krein spaces and related effects:
1) the operator of the Bender-Boettcher model of PT Quantum Mechanics and its historical background in the 2D Ising model, the Lee-Yang model, Yang-Lee edge singularities, conformal field theory and the theory of phase transitions
2) the operator of the hydrodynamic Squire equation, its scaling behavior and mapping to the operator of the Bender-Boettcher model of PT Quantum Mechanics,
3) the cusp-type spectral properties in the vicinity of third-order exceptional points (algebraic branch points),
4) the unfolding of higher-order exceptional points of the spectrum of Hamiltonians in PT-symmetric Bose-Hubbard models described with the help of Puiseux series expansions and Newton polygon techniques.
The second lecture comprises the following three main subjects:
1) the eigenvector isotropization in the vicinity of exceptional points (algebraic branch points) of the spectra of parameter dependent operators and matrices, and underlying Lie group structures of such isotropizations. For simple toy model matrix Hamiltonians we demonstrate the structural analogy to Lorentz boost transformations of chiral spinors and the naturally emerging SO(N,C) group structure of these boosts. It will be shown that normalization divergencies of the eigenvectors can be simply resolved via projective extensions and the use of different affine charts of the corresponding projective spaces. For gauged PT-symmetric systems we demonstrate the occurrence of Lie triple systems (ternary Lie algebraic structures) as well as of a hidden Clifford algebra.
2) We briefly explain the basic features of the so-called quantum brachistochrone problem for Hamiltonians self-adjoint in Hilbert spaces and in Krein spaces and demonstrate their interrelation geometrically in terms of contraction-dilation maps in projective Hilbert spaces and via positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) and Naimark dilation.
3) Finally, we briefly comment on recent experimental findings in PT-symmetric (i.e. Krein-space related) physics, especially in optical wave-guide systems and microwave cavities.

Keywords: Krein spaces; Yang-Lee edge singularity; exceptional points; algebraic branch points; Jordan blocks; non-Hermitian operators; PT quantum mechanics; Bose-Hubbard model; Bose-Einstein condensate; Puiseux series; Newton polygon technique; eigenvector isotropization; chiral spinors; Lorentz boosts; Lie group structure; Lie triple system; Clifford algebra; projective Hilbert space; affine charts; quantum brachistochrone; positive operator valued measure; POVM; Naimark dilation; optical waveguides

  • Lecture (others)
    Lectures presented at the Department of Theoretical Physics. Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 08.02.2013, Rez near Prague, Czech Republic

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18447
Publ.-Id: 18447


Numerical Modeling of Turbulent Melt Flow in a Continuous Casting Mold Affected by an Electromagnetic Brake

Miao, X.; Timmel, K.; Lucas, D.; Ren, Z.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

The current work combines numerical and experimental investigations based on a small-scale mockup using the eutectic alloy GaInSn. The jet flow discharging from the submerged entry nozzle was exposed perpendicularly to a DC magnetic field across the entire wide face of the mold. Numerical calculations were performed by using the commercial package CFX with an implemented RANS-SST turbulence model. The anisotropic properties of the MHD turbulence were taken into account by specific modifications of the turbulence model. The comparison between our numerical calculations and the experimental results shows a very well agreement. In particular, the modified RANS-SST turbulence model is capable to reconstruct the peculiar phenomenon of the excitation of non-steady, non-isotropic large-scale flow perturbations caused by the application of the DC magnetic field. Another important finding of our study is the feature that the electrical boundary conditions, namely the wall conductivity ratio, have a great impact on the mold flow subjected to an external magnetic field.

Keywords: continuous casting; electromagnetic brake; RANS-SST turbulence model; MHD turbulence

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    7th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM2012), 22.-26.10.2012, Peking, China
    Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials
  • Open Access Logo Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 19(2012)Suppl.1, 845-848

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18446
Publ.-Id: 18446


In vivo dose response studies for laser driven particle beams

Oppelt, M.; Baumann, M.; Bergmann, R.; Beyreuther, E.; Brüchner, K.; Kaluza, M.; Karsch, L.; Krause, M.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Nicolai, M.; Reuter, M.; Sävert, A.; Schnell, M.; Schürer, M.; Pawelke, J.

Purpose: The development of proton and ion acceleration by ultra high intensity lasers for cancer therapy promises the realization of compact and economic particle accelerators that can be integrated in already existing clinics. For translational research towards clinical application the radiobiological consequences of laser accelerated and therewith ultra-short pulsed particle beams with high pulse dose have to be investigated. After extensive in vitro dose response studies with laser driven electron and proton beams, in vivo experiments have been performed within the joint research project “onCOOPtics” as next translational step.

Material/Methods: A mouse tumor model suitable for currently available low energy laser protons was developed, tested and successfully used. The already in vitro established laser based irradiation technology was further developed for the animal model in terms of beam transport, beam monitoring, dose delivery and dosimetry allowing to apply a prescribed dose to each tumor and to determine the absolute dose received. For precise and reproducible positioning at the irradiation site a system for mouse fixation, tumor positioning and position verification was implemented as described in [Schürer et al 2012]. Experiments were carried out at the 30 Terawatt Jena Titanium:Sapphire (JeTi) laser system. Laser pulses of 28 fs duration were focused into a hydrogen gas jet accelerating electrons to energies of up to a few 10 MeV. In vivo tumor irradiation was realized for murine sarcoma KHT and human squamous cell carcinoma FaDu. Doses up to 14 Gy were applied at mean dose rates of 1-2 Gy/min and irradiation induced tumor growth delay was investigated. Comparison irradiations were performed at a conventional therapy LINAC with the same setup for irradiation and absolute dose determination.
Results: The reliability and stability of all implemented setup components and methods were proven by numerous irradiations over a period of several months. Dose response curves of tumor growth delay were generated for direct comparison of ultra short pulsed laser accelerated and conventional continuous electron beam. The ongoing data evaluation by now shows no significant difference in RBE for laser driven electrons.
Conclusion: The successful establishment of all technical requirements for and the world wide first performance of systematic animal studies with laser accelerated electrons mark an important step towards the clinical application of laser accelerated particle beams. The realization of in vivo studies with laser driven proton beams is now feasible.
The authors thank for the contribution of the Jeti accelerator crew at Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ralf Bergmann (HZDR) and for the support by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Grant Nr 03Z1N511.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2nd ESTRO Forum, 19.-23.04.2013, Geneva, Switzerland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Radiotherapy and Oncology 106(2013)Suppl 2, 566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18445
Publ.-Id: 18445


First order concept beamline design for particle therapy with laser accelerated protons

Masood, U.; Bussmann, M.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Kroll, F.; Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Lecture (Conference)
    SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics Conferences, 15.-18.04.2013, Prague, Czech Republic
  • Contribution to proceedings
    SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics Conferences, 15.-18.04.2013, Prague, Czech Republic
    Book of Abstracts (2013)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18444
Publ.-Id: 18444


Konzept einer Strahlführung für Laser basierte Protonentherapien

Karsch, L.; Bussmann, M.; Enghardt, W.; Kroll, F.; Masood, U.; Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Frühjahrstagung des Fachverbandes Strahlen- und Medizinphysik der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 10.-15.03.2013, Regensburg, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Frühjahrstagung des Fachverbandes Strahlen- und Medizinphysik der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 10.-15.03.2013, Regensburg, Deutschland
    Verhandl. DPG 48(VI)(2013)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18443
Publ.-Id: 18443


In vivo dose response studies at laser driven particle beams.

Oppelt, M.; Baumann, M.; Bergmann, R.; Beyreuther, E.; Brüchner, K.; Hartmann, J.; Kaluza, M.; Karsch, L.; Krause, M.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Nicolai, M.; Reuter, M.; Sävert, A.; Schnell, M.; Schürer, M.; Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Lecture (Conference)
    22. Symposium Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, 21.-23.02.2013, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    22. Symposium Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, 21.-23.02.2013, Dresden, Deutschland
    Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie 22(2013)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18442
Publ.-Id: 18442


Laser driven accelerators for proton therapy: Physical, technological and radiobiological aspects.

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    28th Conference on Clinical and Experimental Research in Radiation Oncology (CERRO 28), 19.-26.01.2013, Les Menuires, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18441
Publ.-Id: 18441


Physics of ionising radiation (regardinng radiation oncology aspects).

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Lecture (others)
    OncoRay Radiobiology Seminar, 13.12.2012, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18440
Publ.-Id: 18440


Ein szintillatorbasierter Detektorprototyp zur schnellen Bestimmung dreidimensionaler Dosisverteilungen.

Kroll, F.; Karsch, L.; Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Poster
    43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP), 26.-29.09.2012, Jena, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP), 26.-29.09.2012, Jena, Deutschland
    Abstractband der 43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (2012) 551

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18439
Publ.-Id: 18439


Neutron induced reactions at nELBE

Beyer, R.

The principles and data needs of nuclear transmutation are explained. The nELBE neutron time-of-flight facility and the different types of experiments with fast neutrons are presented.

Keywords: nuclear transmutation; nELBE; fast neutrons; time-of-flight; inelastic scattering; transmission

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    4th TRAKULA graduate seminar - “Radiochemistry of the Actinides”, 21.-23.05.2012, Mainz, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18438
Publ.-Id: 18438


First approximation concept design of a gantry beamline for proton therapy with laser accelerated protons

Masood, U.; Bussmann, M.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Pawelke, J.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP), 26.-29.09.2012, Jena, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP), 26.-30.09.2012, Jena, Germany
    Abstraktband der 43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18437
Publ.-Id: 18437


Laserbeschleunigte Ionen für die Strahlentherapie.

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP), 26.-29.09.2012, Jena, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (DGMP), 26.-29.09.2012, Jena, Deutschland
    Abstractband der 43. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik (2012) 277

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18436
Publ.-Id: 18436


Biological effectiveness of laser driven particle beams: In vivo dose response studies.

Oppelt, M.; Brüchner, K.; Baumann, M.; Bergmann, R.; Beyreuther, E.; Kaluza, M.; Karsch, L.; Krause, M.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Nicolai, M.; Reuter, M.; Säbert, A.; Schnell, M.; Schürer, M.; Pawelke, J.

The development of proton and ion acceleration by ultra-high intensity lasers for cancer therapy promises the realization of compact and economic particle accelerators that can be integrated in already existing clinics. However, particle acceleration with high intensity lasers, in comparison to the conventional used acceleration technique, leads to ultra-short beam pulses, generated with low pulse frequency, that apply a very high pulse dose. Prior to a clinical application the radiobiological consequences of laser accelerated and therewith ultra-short pulsed particle beams have to be investigated.
After extensive in vitro dose response studies, for several cell lines and endpoints with laser driven electron and proton beams, the translational step to perform in vivo experiments has been taken. A tumor model suitable for currently available low energy laser protons was developed, tested and successfully used. The already in vitro established laser based irradiation technology was further developed for the animal model in terms of beam transport, beam monitoring, dose delivery and dosimetry, allowing to apply a prescribed dose to each tumor and to determine the absolute dose received. The utilized high power laser system delivered a stable and reproducible particle beam over a period of months to allow systematic in vivo dose response studies of a human xenograft line. 300 mice hosting two different tumor lines were irradiated with various defined doses and monitored for several weeks to determine tumor growth delay.
In parallel irradiation by a continuous beam of a conventional accelerator has been performed. Results of the still ongoing data evaluation will be presented and discussed.

Experiments were carried out within the onCOOPtics project in cooperation between Oncoray Dresden and Ultraoptics Jena. The work was supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03ZIK445

  • Poster
    15. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Biologische Strahlenforschung (GBS), 17.-20.09.2012, München, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18435
Publ.-Id: 18435


Laser in der Strahlentherapie der Zukunft

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Tag des offenen Labors, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 12.05.2012, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18434
Publ.-Id: 18434


Ein neues Detektorsystem zur schnellen Bestimmung von 3D-Dosisverteilungen

Karsch, L.; Kroll, F.; Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Lecture (Conference)
    76th Annual Conference of the DPG and DPG Spring Meeting 2012, Radiation and Medical Physics Division, 25.-30.03.2012, Berlin, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    76th Annual Conference of the DPG and DPG Spring Meeting 2012, Radiation and Medical Physics Division, 25.-30.03.2012, Berlin, Deutschland
    Verhandl. DPG 47(VI, No. 4), 406

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18433
Publ.-Id: 18433


P1011 - Verwendung eines Biokompositmaterials zur Entfernung von Arsenverunreinigungen aus Wasser und Verfahren

Raff, J.; Pollmann, K.; Günther, T.; Marquard, A.; Katzschner, B.; Matys, S.; Pompe, W.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung ne und Nanopartikel umfasst, sowie ein Verfahren zur Entfernung von Arsenverunreinigungen aus Wasser. Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung bzw. das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignen sich zur Verwendung in der Grund-, Trink-, Brauch- und Abwasseraufbereitung. In Versuchen der Erfinder konnten Abtrennleistungen von bis zu 5,3 mg Arsen/g Biokompositmateria erzielt werden. Dies entspricht nahezu der doppelten Menge im Vergleich zum kommerziellen Arsen-Adsorbens Ferrosorp®, einem Eisenhydroxidgranulat. Damit übersteigt die Bindungsfähigkeit des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Biokompositmaterial für Arsen (V) deutlich die Summe der Bindungswerte der Einzelkomponenten (S-Layer und Nanopartikel).

  • Patent
    DE102011006753B3 - Offenlegung - 24.05.2012
  • Patent
    WO002012175080A2 - Offenlegung - 27.12.2012
  • Patent
    DE102011006753B3 - Erteilung - 25.04.2013
  • Patent
    WO2012175080A2 - tot - 27.09.2013

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18432
Publ.-Id: 18432


Progress Report March 2011 - Feb. 2012: Laser-Radiooncology (onCOOPtics).

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Retreat and 7th Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board of OncoRay, 07.-08.03.2012, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18431
Publ.-Id: 18431


P1014 - Neue Halogenalkoxychinazoline, deren Herstellung und Verwendung

Nieber, K.; Erdmann, S.; Briel, D.; Schwan, G.; Barbar, A. G.; Sträter, N.; Zahn, M.; Funke, U.; Scheunemann, M.; Fischer, S.; Brust, P.

Die Erfindung betrifft neue Chinazolinderivate, die als Diagnostika sowie Therapeutika geeignet sind und insbesondere zur Diagnose und Behandlung neurodegenerativer und psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, z. B. Schizophrenie verwenden werden können. Die neuen Chinazolinderivate zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Affinität und Selektivität für PDE10A aus und dadurch dass sie mindestens einen Halogensubstituierten Substituenten am Chinazolinrest aufweisen.

  • Patent
    DE102010042833A1 - Offenlegung - 26.04.2012; Nachanmeldung WO
  • Patent
    WO002012052556A1 - 26.04.2012

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18430
Publ.-Id: 18430


Hochintensitätslaser für die Radioonkologie

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

  • Lecture (others)
    Fachgespräch Protonentherapie, 25.11.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18429
Publ.-Id: 18429


High power ultra-short laser pulses interacting with solid density plasmas – probing ultra-fast, micron-scale plasma dynamics with XFEL

Huang, L.; Kluge, T.; Schlenvoigt, H. P.; Gutt, C.; Lei, A.; Yu, W.; Bussmann, M.; Cowan, T. E.

Plasma heating and ionization are important processes during the interaction of high power ultra-short laser pulses with solid density targets. In order to understand the relevant physics, particle-in-cell simulations including collisions and ionization were run to study ion heating dynamics in buried layer targets illuminated by high-intensity, ultra-short laser pulses. Our results show that bulk ions can be heated to above 1keV temperature. When studying the ionization dynamics strong filaments have been observed which depend on preplasma on the target front side, laser pulse duration and intensity. In order to study the evolution of ionization and ion bulk heating in experiment, ultra-bright X-ray free electron lasers - such as the European XFEL - are a very promising and strong tool to resolve the spatial and temporal scales of these processes inside the solid target.

Keywords: Laer plasma physcis; ion heating; ionization; XFEL

  • Poster
    International Conference on High Energy Density Physics, 18.-21.10.2012, Beijing, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18428
Publ.-Id: 18428


Dosimetrie laserbeschleunigter Teilchenstrahlen: Strahlenbiologische in vitro Experimente.

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop „Detektorentwicklung für laserbeschleunigte Teilchen“, FZD, 19.11.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18427
Publ.-Id: 18427


Laserbasierte Technologien zur Strahlenapplikation

Pawelke, J.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    15. Dresdner Weiterbildungsveranstaltung „Klinische Strahlenbiologie für Ärzte in der Weiterbildung zum Radioonkologen“, 10.-13.11.2010, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18426
Publ.-Id: 18426


P1018 - Pharmakologische Wirkstoffe und Radiodiagnotika mit 18F-markierter 3-Aryl- oder 3-Heteroaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoleinheit und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Rühl, T.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Brust, P.; Fischer, S. H.; Steinbach, J.

Die Erfindung betrifft neue 3-Aryl- oder 3-Heteroaryl-1,2,4-Oxadiazole, die insbesondere Cannabinoid-Rezeptor-Liganden sind und als diagnostische und therapeutische Mittel eingesetzt werden können, insbesondere bei neurologischen, neurodegenerativen und psychiatrischern Erkrankungen, sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung. Die Liganden eignen sich insbesondere als Radiodiagnostika zum Nachweis von Cannabinoid-Rezeptor mittels Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET). Bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße 3-Aryl- oder 3-Heteroaryl-1,2,4-Oxadiazole zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Affinität und Selektivität für den humanen CB2-Rezeptor aus. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich durch eine bisher im Stand der Technik nicht beschriebene nucleophile aromatische Substitution eines Aromaten oder Heteroaromaten in 3-Position eines 1,2,4-Oxadiazolringes aus.

  • Patent
    Anmeldung DE102010063974A1 - 28.06.2012

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18425
Publ.-Id: 18425


Extremely Large Scale Simulation of Surface Growth and Lattice Gases

Ódor, G.; Schulz, H.; Kelling, J.; Heinig, K.-H.; Máté Ferenc, N.

Learn how to do efficient simulations of interface growth and Kinetic Monte Carlo on GPUs. Due to a mapping of the surface dynamics onto a binary lattices gas bit-coding permits to achieve simulations of unprecedentedly large sizes (2^17 x 2^17) and large speedups (~430 with respect to a single CPU). Explore new techniques in different implementations on GPUs using CUDA and OpenCL. Dive deep into the run-time and scaling analysis on different architectures to find optimal solutions for solving current simulation problems in the field of statistical physics and materials science.

Keywords: Computational Physics; Manufacturing Technical

  • Lecture (Conference)
    GPU Technology Conference, 18.-21.03.2013, San Jose, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18424
Publ.-Id: 18424


Influence of magnetic fields on the behavior of bubbles in liquid metals

Fröhlich, J.; Schwarz, S.; Heitkam, S.; Santarelli, C.; Zhang, C.; Vogt, T.; Boden, S.; Andruszkiewicz, A.; Eckert, K.; Odenbach, S.; Eckert, S.

The paper reviews numerical and experimental investigations concerned with the physics of rising bubbles in conducting liquid metals under the action of a magnetic field. Different situations, characterized by different void fractions ranging from single bubbles to bubble swarms, are considered. The impact of the geometrical arrangement is addressed covering large containers with bubbles far from the walls and narrow containers with bubbles interacting with the walls. It is demonstrated that magnetic fields offer a convenient means to influence bubble dynamics, which makes them interesting for technological applications.

Keywords: liquid metal; two-phase flows; bubbly flows; bubble detection; bubble agglomeration

  • European Physical Journal - Special Topics 220(2013), 167-184

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18423
Publ.-Id: 18423


Electromagnetic melt flow control during solidification of metallic alloys

Eckert, S.; Nikrityuk, P. A.; Willers, B.; Räbiger, D.; Shevchenko, N.; Neumann-Heyme, H.; Travnikov, V.; Odenbach, S.; Voigt, A.; Eckert, K.

In this minireview, we summarize experimental and numerical studies particularly concerned with applications of rotating magnetic fields (RMF) or travelling magnetic fields (TMF) to directional solidification of metal alloys. After introducing some fundamentals of electromagnetic stirring, we review the insights gained into flow-induced modifications of microstructure and the formation of freckles and macrosegregations. We further discuss recent strategies, using time-modulated RMF and TMF, which aim to overcome the deficiencies of conventional stirring, in particular flow-induced macrosegregation, by effectively controlling the flow field. On the microscale, we show that time-varying flows are able to alter the sidebranch characteristics vital to the potential of fragmentation.

Keywords: solidification; electromagnetic stirring; rotating magnetic field; traveling magnetic field; grain refinement; macrosegregation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18422
Publ.-Id: 18422


(T)ELBE: ARD Testanlage für Diagnose an quasi - cw Elektronenstrahlen.

Gensch, M.

Die Kooperation zwischen DESY und HZDR sieht den Austausch von Personal, technischen Lösungen und wissenschaftlichen Geräten vor sowie gemeinsame Experimente und Messzeiten an den Freie-Elektronen-Lasern FLASH und FELBE. Im Rahmen der Kooperation sollen Methoden zur Elektronenstrahl-Diagnostik an supraleitenden Beschleunigern noch weiter optimiert werden, so dass die Lichtquellen in beiden Zentren mit noch besseren Eigenschaften betrieben werden können.
Die Entwicklungen fließen in Dresden beispielsweise in den Aufbau eines neuen Terahertz-Labors namens TELBE mit einer Kombination aus einer schmalbandigen und einer breitbandigen Terahertz-Quelle ein, die dieses Jahr in Betrieb gehen soll. Die Entwicklungen sind aber auch enorm wichtig, um die Voraussetzungen zur Erzeugung brillanten Röntgenlichts zu schaffen. Dazu wird künftig der Dresdner Hochleistungslaser DRACO mit dem Elektronenstrahl aus dem Teilchenbeschleuniger ELBE gekoppelt.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    MDI techn. Forum / DESY, 15.02.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18421
Publ.-Id: 18421


Application of X-ray radioscopic methods for characterization of two-phase phenomena and solidification processes in metallic melts

Shevchenko, N.; Boden, S.; Eckert, S.; Borin, D.; Heinze, M.; Odenbach, S.

X-ray attenuation techniques are an important diagnostic tool for investigating liquid metal two-phase flows or solidification studies in metallic alloys. X-ray visualization enables a general, intuitive understanding of flow phenomena or pattern formation in opaque liquid metal systems. Real-time and in-situ observations of the density distribution within thin solidifying samples achieve a spatial resolution of a few microns and contribute significantly to an improved understanding of dendritic growth processes. Moreover, X-ray radioscopy is a useful tool for a non-invasive, in-situ visualization and characterization of gas bubbles in nontransparent melts or for observations of the formation of metal foams. In this paper we consider three different fields of application which are under intensive investigation at HZDR and TUD: the bottom-up solidication of Ga-In alloys under the influence of buoyancy-driven and electromagnetically driven convection, the injection of Ar gas into liquid GaInSn, the study of Al foams with respect to foam formation and the characterization of their internal structure.

Keywords: X-ray radioscopy; liquid metal; melt flow; solidification; metal foams; two-phase flows

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18420
Publ.-Id: 18420


P0016 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aktivierung der Radioaktivität von Atomkernen, insbesondere zur Aktivierung kurzlebiger radioaktiver Isotope für medizinische Zwecke

Sauerbrey, R.; Schwoerer, H.

Aufgabe war es, auf möglichst einfache und aufwandgeringe Weise radioaktive Strahlung mit kurzer Halbwertszeit zu erzeugen. Insbesondere sollen für Nutzer, die lediglich kurzlebige Isotope für eigene Anwendungen benötigen, aufwendige Vorrichtungen, wie Reaktoren und Teilchenbeschleuniger, bzw. auch besondere Vorkehrungen zur Aufbewahrung, Entsorgung und/oder für den Transport von radioaktiv strahlenden Materialien vermieden werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Radioaktivität der Atomkerne durch Neutronen aktiviert, die durch eine photoinitiierte Kernspaltung eines Neutronendonators gewonnen, und im Fangbereich der Isotope sanft moderiert werden, wobei die zur Kernspaltung eingesetzten Röntgenstrahlen aus einem lasererzeugten Plasma emittiert werden. Anwendungsmöglichkeiten ergeben sich beispielsweise für die radiologische Diagnostik und Therapie: Tumorlokalisation (Schilddrüse, Nieren, Skelett, Gehirn, Blut, Leber, Spinalkanal, Herz u. a.), Tumorbestrahlung (Schilddrüse, Prostata, Ovarien, Leukämie u. a.), sowie lokale Bestrahlung von Arterien nach Öffnung von Stenosen zur Verhinderung von Restenosen.

  • Patent
    DE10037439B4

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18419
Publ.-Id: 18419


P0604 - Verfahren und Anordnung zur kontaktlosen Messung des Durchflusses elektrisch leitfähiger Medien

Priede, J.; Buchenau, D.; Gerbeth, G.; Eckert, S.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Durchflussmessung zu ermöglichen, die ohne mechanischen oder elektrischen Kontakt zum fließenden Medium auskommt, keine Vielzahl von Magnetfeldmessstellen erfordert, eine Durchflussmessung hoher zeitlicher Auflösung liefert, gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen möglichst unempfindlich ist und nicht die lageempfindlichen Amplituden in Empfängerspulen bei Wechselstromerregung benutzt. Die Erfindung geht aus von einem magnetischen Wechselfeld außerhalb des elektrisch leitfähigen Mediums und beinhaltet, dass der Einfluss des strömenden Mediums auf das angelegte Magnetfeld zu einer Phasenverschiebung in den Magnetfeldsignalen an zwei verschiedenen Messorten führt, die als direktes Maß für die mittlere Durchflussgeschwindigkeit des Mediums verwendet wird. Die Phasenverschiebung kann auch mittels zweier Empfängerspulen entlang des Strömungskanals gemessen werden.

  • Patent
    EP 1847813B1 - 21.03.2012
  • Patent
    EP 1847813A2 - 24.10.2007
  • Patent
    DE102006018623A1 - 25.10.2007
  • Patent
    DE102006018623B4 - 15.05.2008

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18418
Publ.-Id: 18418


P1012 - Supraleitende Strukturen auf Schaltungen oder Schaltungselementen, Herstellung dieser Strukturen und deren Verwendung

Skrotzki, R.; Heera, V.; Hermannsdörfer, T.; Fiedler, J.; Schmidt, B.; Helm, M.

Die Erfindung beschreibt die Herstellung integrierter supraleitender Strukturen in Schaltungen und Schaltungselementen auf der Basis von Silizium- bzw. Germanium-Wafern durch Implementieren von Ausscheidungen, neuen chemischen Verbindungen oder einer Dotierung via Ionenimplantation und anschließender Kurzzeitausheilung. Vorteil dieser Strukturen ist die kostengünstige Produktion, und der höheren Leistungsdichte dieser Schaltungen bezüglich Transistorschaltungen. Diese Strukturen ermöglichen die Steuerung quantenmechanischer Interferenzerscheinungen mit Hilfe eines äußeren Magnetfeldes oder auf dem Chip erzeugten Magnetfeldes. Eine weitere Einsatzmöglichkeit bieten Logikschaltungen für das Quantum Computing.

  • Patent
    WO 2012037936A1 - 29.03.2012
  • Patent
    DE102010039911A1 - Offenlegung - 01.03.2012, Zurückweisung - 22.01.2013; Nachanmeldung WO

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18416
Publ.-Id: 18416


Gas bubble detection in liquid metals by means of the ultrasound transit-time-technique

Andruszkiewicz, A.; Eckert, K.; Eckert, S.; Odenbach, S.

In this work the ultrasound-transit time technique is introduced as a versatile method to analyze the bubble dynamics in liquid metal-gas flows. After discussing the principle of operation and the implementation of the technique, the methods used to extract the positions of the bubbles, their velocities, or their diameters are explained. Finally, the performance of the method is demonstrated for a liquid metal-gas flow with and without a magnetic field.

Keywords: liquid metal; two-phase flow; bubbly flow; bubble detection; ultrasound transit-time technique

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18415
Publ.-Id: 18415


P1019 - Verfahren zur hochgenauen Messung der Strahlungsschwächung von veränderlichen Materialverteilungen mit Photonen- oder Teilchenstrahlung

Hampel, U.

Verfahren zur hochgenauen Messung der Strahlungsschwächung von veränderlichen Materialverteilungen mit Photonen- oder Teilchenstrahlung, verwendend eine Anordnung umfassend eine kollimierte Strahlungsquelle 1, mindestens einen Detektor 2 und einer dem Detektor 2 nachgeordneten Datenerfassungs- und Verarbeitungseinheit 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a) die Photonen- oder Teilchenstrahlung ausgehend von der Strahlungsquelle 1 das zu untersuchende Material 4 durchdringt und anschließend auf den Detektor 2 fällt, wobei der Detektor 2 die eintreffenden Photonen bzw. Teilchen zählt; b) die Datenerfassungs- und -verarbeitungseinheit 3 aufeinander folgend eine Anzahl von Zählwerten K des Detektors 2 für hinreichend kurze Zeitintervalle &Dgr;Tkurz erfasst, in denen die Materialverteilung in ausreichender Näherung als unveränderlich angesehen werden kann; c) die Datenerfassungs- und -verarbeitungseinheit 3 die aufeinander folgend aufgenommenen Zählwerte als Häufigkeitsverteilung in einem Datenfeld F abspeichert; d) die Datenerfassungs- und -verarbeitungseinheit 3 durch nacheinander folgende Berechnung des algebraischen Gleichungssystems Q = P+ F und den mittleren Schwächungswert A...

  • Patent
    DE 102010061440A1 - 21.06.2012

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18414
Publ.-Id: 18414


Flow measurements in liquid metals by means of the ultrasonic Doppler method and local potential probes

Cramer, A.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

Substantial research activities have been carried out at HZDR during the last 15 years on the development and qualification of various methods to measure the velocity field in liquid metal flows. In this paper we report on two complementary methods for measuring the local velocity. The potential difference probe is a local sensor which is immersed into the liquid. Such sensors are very effective for investigations of the turbulent fluctuations at a local point. However, the installation of the probe in the bulk of the liquid might disturb the flow to be measured. Ultrasonic techniques are non-invasive, but need a continuous path from the ultrasonic transducer to the liquid under investigation. The ultrasound Doppler method delivers instantaneous profiles of the local velocity. Experimental applications of these measuring techniques in diverse liquid metal flows under the influence of magnetic fields will be presented here showing the capabilities and limitations of both methods.

Keywords: liquid metal; flow measurements; ultrasound Doppler velocimetry; potential difference probe

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18413
Publ.-Id: 18413


Experimental demonstration of gas entrainment into liquid metals

Eckert, S.; Vogt, T.; Boden, S.; Shevchenko, N.; Gerbeth, G.

Entrainment of cover gas into the liquid metal coolant is one of the essential safety issues in the design of innovative liquid metal-cooled fast reactors. We present experimental studies of this phenomenon in low-melting metals. Ultrasonic and X-ray were considered as diagnostic tools for a visualization of gas entrainment at the free surface of the melt. Laboratory experiments were conducted using the eutectic alloy GaInSn which is liquid at room temperature. The vortex activated entrainment of air at the free surface of a rotating flow was disclosed by means of ultrasonic techniques. The X-ray radioscopy was used to visualize the behaviour of Argon bubbles inside a slit geometry. The measurements reveal distinct differences between water and GaInSn especially with respect to the process of bubble formation, the coalescence and the breakup of bubbles. Our results emphasize the importance of liquid metal experiments which are able to provide a suitable data base for numerical code validation.

Keywords: liquid metal fast reactor; gas entrainment; two-phase flow; ultrasound Doppler method; X-ray radioscopy

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles: Safe Technologies and Sustainable Scenarios (FR13), 04.-07.03.2013, Paris, France
  • Contribution to proceedings
    International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles: Safe Technologies and Sustainable Scenarios (FR13), 04.-07.03.2013, Paris, France
    IAEA-CN-199/289

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18412
Publ.-Id: 18412


P1108 - Integriertes nichtflüchtiges Speicherbauelement, Herstellung und Verwendung

Schmidt, H.; Shuai, Y.; Skorupa, I.; Zhou, S.

Die Erfindung beschreibt die Herstellung, den Aufbau eines integrierten Speicherbauelementes, umfassend mindestens einen gleichrichtenden Bottom-Kontakt oder einen Top-Kontakt und eine ferrroelektrische Schicht als leitfähigen Kanal zwischen den Kontakten. Weiterhin wird die Verwendung des integrierten Speicherbauelementes in einem integrierten Feldeffekttransistor beschrieben.

  • Patent
    DE 102011051767A1 - Offenlegung - 17.01.2013; Nachanmeldung WO, US

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18411
Publ.-Id: 18411


P1015 - Anordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung des räumlichen Geschwindigkeitsprofils

Hampel, U.; Reinecke, S.

Die Erfindung beschreibt eine Anordnung zur Bestimmung des dreidimensionalen räumlichen Geschwindigkeitsprofils rheologischer Medien, wobei die Anordnung in einem Prozessbehälter untergebracht ist und aus im Prozessbehälter drehbar und beweglich angeordneten Messlanzen mit mindestens einer Detektoreinheit besteht. In das Prozessmedium eingebrachte Tracer werden von den Detektoren erfasst und die gemessenen Signale zur Bestimmung des räumlichen Geschwindigkeitsprofiles herangezogen. Die für die Geschwindigkeitsprofilmessung benutzten Tracer können im Anschluss für die Bestimmung des Verweilzeitspektrums des Prozessgemischs im Prozessbehälter verwendet werden.

  • Patent
    DE 102010060131A1 - 26.04.2012

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18410
Publ.-Id: 18410


P1101 - Sensoranordnung und Verfahren zur berührungslosen Bestimmung des wirksamen Drehmomentes in einer Welle

Buchenau, D.; Schmidt, G.; Wustmann, B.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein auf der Grundlage des magnetoelastischen Effektes basierendes, berührungsloses Messprinzip zur Bestimmung des Drehmomentes, welches auf ein magnetisierbares, rotationssymmetrisches Bauteil wirkt. Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung und des erfindungsgemäßen Messverfahrens ist die Überwindung der bisher ungelösten Problematik von materialspezifischen, eigenspannungsbedingten Hystereseeffekten, sowie der Begrenzung von Drift- und Störeinflüssen im dynamischen Betrieb. Lösung Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung besteht aus einer Senderspule die mit symmetrisch oder asymmetrisch zur Senderspule angeordneten Empfängerspulen zusammenwirkt, wobei die Spulenlängsachsen der verwendeten Sender- und Empfängerspulen senkrecht zur Wellenlängsachse angeordnet sind. Erfindungsgemäß stehen sich Senderspule und Empfängerspulen bezogen auf das Messobjekt (Welle) diametral gegenüber, wobei speziell eine der Empfängerspulen auf der gleichen Längsachse zur Senderspule diametral gegenübersteht. Die verbleibenden beiden weiteren (äußeren) Empfängerspulen sind in der symmetrischen Anordnung in äquidistanten Abständen zur mittleren Empfängerspule angeordnet.

  • Patent
    EP2549255A2 - Offenlegung - 23.01.2013

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18409
Publ.-Id: 18409


P1009 - Magnetisierbare Einzel- und Mehrschichtstrukturen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung

Schmidt, H.; Mok, K. M.; Scarlat, C.; Weber, I.

Die Erfindung beschreibt die Auslegung einer Anordnung eines magnetooptischen Systems, bei dem für eine vorgegebene Wellenlänge der einfallenden elektromagnetischen Welle eine bestimmte Polarisation der reflektierten oder transmittierten Welle erreicht wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung und das Verwendungsverfahren ermöglicht den Einsatz zur Optimierung der Auslegung eines magnetooptischen Systems um die „Ziel“-Polarisation der reflektierten oder transmittierten Welle zu erreichen oder eines magnetooptischen Speichers oder eines Magnetfeldsensors. Weiterhin werden mit der Erfindung der Aufbau eines magnetooptischen Modulators oder eines Multiplexers mit magnetooptischen Komponente ermöglicht.

  • Patent
    Anmeldung: DE102011052217A1 31.01.2013
  • Patent
    Anmeldung WO2013013674A1 - 31.01.2013

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18408
Publ.-Id: 18408


Setting-up a Super-SIMS at DREAMS

Rugel, G.; Akhmadaliev, S.; Merchel, S.; Pavetich, S.; Renno, A.; Ziegenrücker, R.

At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf a new AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) facility, DREsden AMS (DREAMS), with a 6-MV tandem accelerator has been successfully installed [1]. The range of applications will be broaden by setting up a Super-SIMS (SIMS = Secondary ion mass spectrometry) as an ultrasensitive analytical method for the determination of stable elements and isotopes. A commercial SIMS (from CAMECA) is connected to the accelerator and the high-energy setup of DREAMS, which will be additionally equipped with a time-of-flight detector system. The spatial resolution (x,y: ∼ 3μm; z: ∼ 5nm) of the SIMS will be kept as the SIMS is utilized as the negative ion source for the accelerator-based mass spectrometry. By the complete destruction of molecules detection limits some orders of magnitude better than for traditional dynamic SIMS are expected, i.e. ∼10-9-10-12, see e.g. [2]. The focus of applications will be geological samples in the framework of resource technology research.
Ref.: [1] S.\ Akhmadaliev et al., NIMB 294 (2013) 5. [2] C. Maden, Dissertation. ETH Zürich 2003.

Keywords: AMS; SIMS; sensitive analytical method

Related publications

  • Poster
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung der Sektion AMOP (SAMOP), 18.-22.03.2013, Hannover, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18407
Publ.-Id: 18407


Amorphous Li-Al-based compounds: Novel approach for designing high performance electrode materials for Li-ion batteries

Thoss, F.; Thomas, J.; Oswald, S.; Potzger, K.; Reuther, H.; Ehrenberg, H.; Eckert, J.; Giebeler, L.

A new amorphous compound with the atomic composition Al43Li43Y6Ni8 applied as electrode material for Li-ion batteries is investigated. Unlike other amorphous compounds so-far investigated as anode materials it already contains Li as a base element in the uncycled state. The amorphous compound powder is prepared by high energy ball milling of a master alloy. It shows a strongly enhanced specific capacity in contrast to amorphous alloys without Li in the initial state and furthermore to conventional graphite anodes. According to the charge rate (C-rate) the specific capacity is reversible over 20 cycles at minimum in contrast to conventional crystalline intermetallic phases failing by volume changes. The delithiation process occurs quasi-continuously over a voltage range of nearly 4 V, while the lithiation is mainly observed between 0.1 V and 1.5 V. That way, the electrode is applicable for different potential needs. We suggest the application as anode. The electrode stays amorphous during cycling, thus avoiding volume changes. The cycling performance is further enhanced by a significant amount of Fe introduced as wear debris from the milling tools, which acts as a promoting element.

Keywords: high energy ball milling; pre-lithiation; anode; intermetallic phase

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18406
Publ.-Id: 18406


P1114 - Extraktion von Edelmetall(ionen) mittels ionischer Flüssigkeiten

Straßner, T.; Schulz, T.; Bernhard, G.; Raff, J.; Lehmann, F.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Extraktion von Metallen aus einer wässrigen Phase mit Hilfe spezifischer ionischer Flüssigkeiten.

  • Patent
    DE102011080230 - Offenlegung 07.02.2013, Nachanmeldungen: WO, EP, US

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18405
Publ.-Id: 18405


P1117 - Präkursorverbindungen für die Radiosynthese von [18F]Norchlor-fluor-homoepibatidin

Brust, P.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Fischer, S.; Hiller, A.; Hoepping, A.; Patt, J. T.; Patt, M.; Sabri, O.; Smits, R.; Steinbach, J.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbindung der Formel Ia oder Ibworin R1-CO2R3, -COR4 oder -R5 darstellt, worin R3 unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes C1-C6-Alkyl darstellt, R4 Wasserstoff, unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes C1-C6-Alkyl darstellt und R5 Wasserstoff, unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes C1-C6-Alkyl darstellt, R2-N+(R6)(R7)(R8)X– oder eine Nitrogruppe darstellt, worin R6, R7, R8 unabhängig von einander unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes C1-C6-Alkyl oder unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes -(CH)n- mit n = 1 bis 12 darstellen mit der Maßgabe, dass zumindest zwei der Substituenten R6, R7 und R8 C1-C6-Alkyl sind, und X– ein Halogenid, Sulfonat, unsubstituiertes oder substituiertes Acetat, Sulfat, Hydrogensulfat, Nitrat, Perchlorat oder Oxalat darstellt.

  • Patent
    DE102011052348 - Erteilung 07.02.2013, Nachanmeldung: WO, AU, BR, CA, CN, EP, JP, KR, US

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18404
Publ.-Id: 18404


Feasibility study of in vivo MRI based dosimetric verification of proton end-of-range for liver cancer patients

Yuan, Y.; Andronesi, O. C.; Bortfeld, T. R.; Richter, C.; Wolf, R.; Guimaraes, A. R.; Hong, T. S.; Seco, J.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using MRI to verify proton beam distal range for liver tumor treatment in a retrospective study.
Methods and Materials: Because the follow-up hepatocyte-specific functional MR imaging can detect the radiobiological change of liver tissue after radiation, we firstly registered the contrast-enhanced MR images to the planning CT images from 5 liver patients, then overlaid the prescribed dose distribution on the MR images. Since dose calculation is most accurate at the penumbra dose region, we correlated the MR signal intensity (SI) to the radiation dose at the superior/inferior penumbra region. This dose-SI correlation was finally employed on registered MR images to estimate the proton end-of-range.
Results: Statistically significant correlations between radiation dose and MR SI were observed in superior/inferior penumbrae regions, with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. By applying the dose-SI correlation to the distal region of each proton beam, the mean difference between MR-estimated and the planned dose range was -2.18±4.89 mm for anterior-posterior beams and -3.90±5.87 mm for lateral beams.
Conclusions: This feasibility study proved the principle that proton dose range can be verified in vivo by follow-up MR images after proton liver treatment.

Keywords: Proton therapy; liver tumor; radiation effects on liver; magnetic resonance imaging; in vivo dosimetry; distal proton range verification

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18403
Publ.-Id: 18403


EXAFS and X-ray scattering as complementary techniques to determine metal coordination in solutions

Hennig, C.

The determination of stability constants of metal complexes in aqueous solutions requires at least an estimate of the complex stoichiometry or better the determination of the complex structure. The structure analyses of metal complexes in solution is restricted to near-order sensitive techniques like X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. X-ray scattering provide important structure information, but summarizes scattering contributions from all scattering pairs whose separation becomes difficult in real space with increasing number of involved elements. EXAFS is an element selective technique und provides structural information from the direct neighborhood of the absorbing atom. A statistical analysis of a sample series of solutions with pH variation provides furthermore direct access to the species distribution function. The advantages of both techniques will be discussed and typical applications will be demonstated.

Keywords: X-ray absorption; X-ray scattering; EXAFS; HEXS; XRD; structure analysis; aqueous solutions; actinides

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    School and Conference on Analysis of Diffraction Data in Real Space, 18.-22.03.2013, Grenoble, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18402
Publ.-Id: 18402


Fabrication of nanopores in 1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes with slow highly charged ions

Ritter, R.; Wilhelm, R. A.; Stöger-Pollach, M.; Heller, R.; Mücklich, A.; Werner, U.; Vieker, H.; Beyer, A.; Facsko, S.; Gölzhäuser, A.; Aumayr, F.

We describe the use of slow highly charged ions as a simple tool for the fabrication of nanopores with well-defined diameters typically between 10 and 20 nm in freestanding, 1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes (CNMs). When CNMs are exposed to a flux of highly charged ions, for example Xe40+, each individual ion creates a circular nanopore, the size of which depends on the kinetic and potential energy of the impinging ion. The controlled fabrication of nanopores with a
uniform size opens a path for the application of CNM based filters in nanobiotechnology.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18401
Publ.-Id: 18401


Investigations to the Eu(III)-B(OH)3-Organic System at increased salt concentrations

Schott, J.; Acker, M.; Kretzschmar, J.; Barkleit, A.; Taut, S.; Brendler, V.; Bernhard, G.

Boric acid (B(OH)3) and (poly)borates are of great interest regarding the mobilization of trivalent actinides in nuclear waste repositories, particularly in salt deposits.
This work describes the influence of boric acid on the Eu salicylate complexation due to the formation of a borate ester of salicylate, which could be the key to determine the stability constants of Eu-borate complexes.
Furthermore, at pH 6 the formation of a solid Eu borate species in presence of polyborates is observed. The formation progress of the solid Eu borate species depends on the polyborate concentration and salt concentration. The solid formation could be an interesting possibility for the immobilization of trivalent actinides in a nuclear waste repository.

Keywords: lanthanides; actinides; europium; boric acid; borates; polyborates

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Actinide and Brine Chemistry in a Salt Repository Workshop (III), ABC-Salt(III), 15.-17.04.2013, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Actinide and Brine Chemistry in a Salt Repository Workshop (III), ABC Salt III, 15.-17.04.2013, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18400
Publ.-Id: 18400


Spinwaves in Nanostructures: The Transition from Periodical Perturbations to Magnonic Crystals

Lenz, K.; Gallardo, R. A.; Bali, R.; Neudert, A.; Banholzer, A.; Wagner, K.; Langer, M.; Körner, M.; Grebing, J.; Lindner, J.; Landeros, P.; Fassbender, J.

Two-magnon scattering is a well-known effect e.g. in ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiments leading to a linewidth broadening. Available theory so far was based on random defects acting as scattering centers for spin waves. Recently it was shown by Landeros and Mills [1] that this theory can be extended to handle two-magnon scattering in periodically perturbed films, which can be easily created by lithographical patterning processes. We present, that the uniform resonance mode splits into several modes and we compare the experimental results with analytical theory and simulations.
The periodically perturbed films are the intermediate step in the transition from a planar film towards full magnonic crystals. Small magnetic perturbations can be achieved by magnetic patterning using ion beam implantation [2]. A lithographically defined mask (stripes, dots, squares, …) covers part of the sample. Thus, these areas are protected from the ion beam changing the magnetic properties in the surface region of the sample creating magnetic defects. Another method we apply is to use ion etching to mill the pattern into the magnetic film to create geometric defects. Both techniques allow for precise control of the defect depth. With the latter approach the defect depth can be increased reaching the substrate, such that the structures are finally separated resembling a 1D or 2D magnonic crystal.
The evolution of spinwave modes and magnon bands in this transition from just a perturbation to a magnonic crystal has not been investigated so far.The extended model allows for analytically calculating the response function of 1D and 2D periodically perturbed ferromagnetic films in almost perfect agreement to FMR experiments as it will be shown. A striking feature e.g. is the level splitting due to the two-magnon scattering, which even leads to magnonic band gaps in full magnonics crystals. Exactly this splitting can be tailored by the geometric and magnetic sample parameters as described above.

This work was supported by the DFG grants FA 314/6-1 and FA314/3-2, as well as by CONICYT and MECESUP FSM0806.

Keywords: spin waves; ferromagnetic resonance; magnonic crystals; nanostructures; damping; relaxation; dispersion relation

Related publications

  • Poster
    Yamada Conference LXVII -The 8th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers (MML2013), 19.-24.05.2013, Kyoto, Japan

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18399
Publ.-Id: 18399


Splitting of spin-wave modes in thin films with Arrays of periodic perturbations: theory and experiment

Gallardo, R. A.; Lenz, K.; Banholzer, A.; Körner, M.; Lindner, J.; Fassbender, J.; Landeros, P.

We present an analytical theory focused on the description of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) response of thin lms in the case that periodic surface perturbations are introduced. These perturbations can be any kind of one- or two-dimensional rectangular arrays of defects patterned onto one surface of the magnetic lm. Our theory allows us to describe their influence in such a way that the periodic defect structure can have any given shape. We calculate the response functions that are the components of the dynamic susceptibility tensor of the lm exposed to the FMR microwave excitation. These allow us to obtain the resonant response of the system, trough relevant quantities as the microwave absorption, the FMR linewidth, and resonance eld. We show examples where the periodic defects have the shape of stripes, dots, and rectangles. In our framework the perturbations may be considered either as bumps or pits. Finally, we compare our results with recent experimental FMR results, which manifest a very good agreement with the theory.

Keywords: spin relaxation; ferromagnetic resonance; two-magnon scattering; periodic perturbations; magnonic crystals

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18398
Publ.-Id: 18398


Linear and non-linear stability of melt flows in magnetic fields

Grants, I.; Galindo, V.; Gerbeth, G.

This review considers the stability of melt motion in two simplified models of semiconductor crystal growth by either vertical gradient freeze (VGF) or Czochralski (Cz) processes under the influence of various magnetic fields. In VGF the crystal is grown at the bottom of the crucible, resulting in a stable thermal stratification of the melt. The presence of a stabilizing temperature gradient surprisingly decreases the stability of the flow driven by a rotating magnetic field (RMF). The instability of the travelling magnetic field (TMF)-driven flow, in contrast, is significantly delayed by thermal stratification in VGF. The TMF may, thus, be used in VGF to control the shape of the solidification interface or the radial dopant distribution without causing undesirable flow oscillations. The crystal is pulled out from the melt in the Cz process, producing an unstable temperature gradient below the crystal. The RMF is able to force the resulting unstable buoyant flow into a state of small-scale, high-frequency turbulence that may be regarded as stable for practical purposes. This effect is experimentally observed over a wide range of Grashof numbers, up to 10^9, characteristic for a large Cz system.

Keywords: crystall grwoth; vertical gradient freeze; Czochralski; Linear and non-linear stability; liquid metal flows; magnetic fields

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18397
Publ.-Id: 18397


The Use of Magnetic Fields in vertical Bridgman/Gradient Freeze-type Crystal Growth

Pätzold, O.; Niemietz, K.; Lantzsch, R.; Galindo, V.; Grants, I.; Bellmann, M.; Gerbeth, G.

This paper outlines advanced vertical Bridgman/Gradient Freeze techniques with flow control using magnetic fields developed for the growth of semiconductor crystals. Low-temperature flow modelling, as well as laboratory-scaled crystal growth under the influence of rotating, travelling, and static magnetic fields are presented. Experimental and numerical flow modelling demonstrate the potential of the magnetic fields to establish a well-dened flow for tailoring heat and mass transfer in the melt during growth. The results of the growth experiments are discussed with a focus on the influence of a rotating field on the segregation of dopants, the influence of a travelling field on the temperature field and thermal stresses, and the potential of rotating and static fields for a stabilization of the melt flow.

Keywords: crystal growth; vertical Bridgman technique; Gradient Freeze technique; magnetic fields

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18396
Publ.-Id: 18396


Advances in Principal Balances for Compositional Data

Martin-Fernandez, J. A.; Pawlowsky-Glahn, V.; Egozcue, J. J.; Tolosana-Delgado, R.

A prior reduction of dimension is often a necessary step when dealing with largedimensional data sets (geochemical surveys, microarray data, genetic Compositional data analysis requires selecting an orthonormal basis with which to work on coordinates. In most cases this selection is based on a data driven criterion. Principal component analysis provides bases that are, in general, functions of all the original parts, each with a different weight hindering their interpretation. For interpretative purposes, it would be better to have each basis component as a ratio or balance of the geometric means of two groups of parts, leaving irrelevant parts with a zero weight. This is the role of principal balances, defined as a sequence of orthonormal balances which successively maximize the explained variance in a data set. The new algorithm to compute principal balances requires an exhaustive search along all the possible sets of orthonormal balances. To reduce computational time, the sets of possible partitions for up to 15 parts are stored. Two other suboptimal, but feasible, algorithms are also introduced: (i) a new search for balances following a constrained principal component approach and (ii) the hierarchical cluster analysis of variables. The latter is a new approach based on the relation between the variation matrix and the Aitchison distance. The properties and performance of these three algorithms are illustrated using a typical data set of geochemical compositions and a simulation exercise.

Keywords: Aitchison norm; Cluster analysis; Compositions; Isometric logratio coordinates; Principal component analysis; Simplex

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18394
Publ.-Id: 18394


CFD Modeling of Bubble-induced Turbulence

Rzehak, R.; Krepper, E.

Modeling of bubble-induced turbulence in dispersed gas-liquid multiphase flow is an important but still unresolved issue. Aside from its intrinsic interest, turbulence in this type of flow has a strong impact on other important processes like turbulent dispersion of the bubbles and bubble-coalescence and -breakup and thus is a central part of the overall model. Especially the latter require as input values of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation, which as shown subsequently are not readily obtained from the most common approach to add a bubble-induced contribution to the effective viscosity. This may be overcome by including source terms in the single phase two-equation turbulence models that describe the bubble effects on the liquid turbulence. However, no consensus on the precise form of these terms has been reached yet. We here report a comparison of different models of this type. Special care has been given to the selection of a rather comprehensive set of reference data allowing to qualify the validity of the different models. Conclusions towards best practice guidelines for modeling bubbly turbulence are drawn and needs for further research identified.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18393
Publ.-Id: 18393


Room temperature ferromagnetism in Ti Dioxide DMS

Smekhova, A.; Orlov, A. F.; Balagurov, L. A.; Perov, N. S.; Ganshina, E. A.; Semisalova, A. S.; Novikov, A.; Potzger, K.; Butterling, M.; Cornelius, S.; Yildirim, O.

Abstract: A detailed study of a room-temperature ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductors on the basis of Titanium dioxide thin films with incorporated Co and V atoms has been performed. The relations between the structure, magnetization, transport and magneto-optical properties as well as evolution of defects and some peculiarities of preliminary element-specific XANES spectra are presented.
A continues interest to diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) during the last decade caused by an ambitious idea to get spin-polarized carriers in transparent semiconductor materials.1 A new physics exhibited by such materials could be exploited in fast developed information processing, storage and other diverse spintronic technologies. Up to now lot of systems have been already studied 2,3,4,5,6; and among them a particular interest to the DMS on the basis of Titanium Dioxide with incorporated 3d impurities (Co, V and Mn) have been ascertained.
The main goal of our present research is the study of the influence of structural properties such as point defects or defect complexes linked to oxygen deficiency on the magnetic, magneto-optical and magneto-transport properties of V (Mn) doped TiO2 anatase thin films. According to preliminary basic researches, magnetism in doped oxides is strongly influenced by defects and represents so far not-understood kind of magnetic phenomenon.
The TiO2 anatase thin films (200÷500 nm) with several percents (3 and 8%) of 3d transition metals with unpaired electrons (Co and V) have been prepared by rf magnetron deposition technique as well as ion-beam implantation (for samples with Vanadium). The presence of room temperature ferromagnetism in the samples has been initially checked by VSM and SQUID magnetometry measurements. The further magneto-optical (Transversal Kerr Effect) and transport (Hall Effect) measurements have been performed to obtain a more detailed picture of magnetism and concentration of carries. The special attention has been applied to verify an absence of any additional phases and magnetic impurities as metallic clusters insight the samples: in addition to a standard XRD analysis the element-specific XANES measurements at the Ti and 3d transition metal K- absorption edges have been done. The positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) has been used in order to investigate open volume defects on a very local scale and the first preliminary results will be presented.
The relationship of observed hysteresis loop in the sample magnetization, carrier concentration and characteristic features of magneto-optical spectra depending on film thicknesses, preparation route and structural defects is discussed. The difference in magnetic behaviour of TiO2:V and previously studied TiO2:Co is established.
This work is supported by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the German Helmholtz Association, Helmholtz-Russia Joint Research Group HRJRG-314 and RFBR #12-02-91321-SIG_а
References
1. Y. Matsumoto et al., Science 291, pp. 854 - 856 (2001).
2. H. Ohno et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 363 - 365 (1996).
3. H. Akai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, pp. 3002 - 3005 (1998).
4. S. Sonada et al., J. Cryst. Growth 237–239, 1358 (2002).
5. S.Q. Zhou et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, pp. 232507 (2008).
6. A. F. Orlov et al., Phys. Solid State 53, pp. 482 - 484 (2011).

Keywords: diluted magnetic semiconductors

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    ETOPIM (Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media), 02.-07.09.2012, Marseille, Frankreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18392
Publ.-Id: 18392


Experimental Investigation of Horizontal Gas-Liquid Stratified and Annular Flow using Wire Mesh Sensor

Vieira, R. E.; Kesana, N. R.; Torres, C. F.; Mclaury, B. S.; Shirazi, S. A.; Schleicher, E.; Hampel, U.

Stratified and annular gas-liquid flow patterns are commonly encountered in oil and gas transportation pipelines. The measurement and visualization of two-phase flow characteristics is of great importance as two-phase flows persist in many fluids engineering applications. A Wire Mesh Sensor technique based on conductance measurements was applied to investigate two-phase horizontal pipe flow. The horizontal flow test section consisting of a 76 mm ID pipe, 18 m long was employed to generate stratified and annular flow conditions. A 16×16 wire configuration sensor, installed at 17 m from the inlet test section, is used to determine the void fraction within the cross-section of the pipe. Physical flow parameters were extracted based on processed raw measured data obtained by the sensors using signal processing techniques. In this work, the principle of wire mesh sensors and the methodology of flow parameter extraction are described. From the obtained raw data time series of void fraction, mean void fraction and characteristic liquid film velocities are determined for different liquid and gas superficial velocities that ranged from 0.03m/s to 0.2 m/s and from 9 m/s to 34 m/s, respectively. The effects of liquid viscosity on the measured parameters are also investigated using three different viscosities.

Keywords: Wire Mesh Sensor; two-phase flow; flow visualization; void fraction

  • Contribution to proceedings
    ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM 2013), 07.-11.07.2013, Incline Village, Nevada, United States
    ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting Volume 1C: ASME, 978-0-7918-5556-0, V01CT17A0
  • Journal of Fluids Engineering - Transactions of the ASME 136(2014)12, 121301
    DOI: 10.1115/1.4027799
    Cited 42 times in Scopus

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18391
Publ.-Id: 18391


Simulation of instabilities in liquid metal batteries

Weber, N.; Galindo, V.; Weier, T.; Stefani, F.; Wondrak, T.

Liquid metal batteries, i.e. batteries in which both electrodes as well as the electrolyte are in the liquid state are usable for grid-scale energy storage and have received considerable attention recently. However, in completely liquid systems, fluid dynamic instabilities have to be considered. We focus here on the current driven Tayler instability and present results of a numerical study using a finite volume code for the calculation of the fluid flow coupled to a Biot-Savart integration to obtain the magnetic field. Growth rates of the instability as well as the magnetic field structure of the saturated instability fit very well to the experimental findings.

Keywords: Liquid metal battery; Tayler instability; finite volume method

  • Lecture (Conference)
    ERCOFTAC WORKSHOP Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation 9 (DLES 9), 03.-05.04.2013, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    ERCOFTAC WORKSHOP Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation 9 (DLES 9), 03.-05.04.2013, Dresden, Deutschland
    ERCOFTAC Series Volume 20: Springer, 978-3-319-14447-4, 585-594
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14448-1_74
    Cited 2 times in Scopus

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18390
Publ.-Id: 18390


Interaction of Selected Actinides (U, Cm) with Bacteria Relevant to Nuclear Waste Disposal

Lütke, L.

To assess the safety of a site destined for storage of nuclear waste enhanced research effort is demanded to investigate the complex interactions of released radionuclides with parts of the environment that includes indigenous microorganisms.
As part of a BMWi-funded project this work aimed at assessing the interactions of two bacterial strains with the actinides uranium and curium with a focus on thermodynamics to provide stability constants of the actinide bacteria species formed usable for modelling the distribution of these actinides in the environment. The influences of Pseudomonas fluorescens (CCUG 32456A) isolated from the granitic aquifers at Äspö (Sweden) and a novel isolate from Mont Terri Opalinus clay (Switzerland), Paenibacillus sp. MT-2.2, were investigated. A combined approach using microbiological and spectroscopic techniques as well as potentiometry was employed to characterize the U(VI) and Cm(III) binding onto the cell surface functional groups structurally and thermodynamically. Further, due to its similar ionic radius to Cm(III) also Eu(III) was studied as non-radioactive analog.
The results evidenced that U(VI) and Cm(III) binding onto the cells is strongly pH-dependent. Both strains displayed high U(VI) binding capacities. In view of the versatile possible interaction mechanisms between microbes and actinides, it was found that both investigated strains display besides direct also indirect interaction in the form of a pronounced pH-dependent phosphatase activity and concomitant phosphate release which was drastically decreased in presence of U(VI). A moderate to strong interaction of U(VI) and Cm(III) (Eu(III)) with carboxylic and phosphoryl sites of the bacterial surfaces could be proven. Based on the determined stability constants of the different U(VI) phosphoryl and the U(VI) carboxyl surface complexes it could be shown that U(VI) is bound thermodynamically more stable to phosphoryl sites than to carboxylic ones. U(VI) speciation calculations indicated a dominant binding of U(VI) to the bacterial surface functional groups up to pH 7. For Eu(III) interaction with the bacterial surfaces the complexes R-O-PO3H-Eu2+ and R-COO-Eu2+ were identified and characterized thermodynamically. Spectroscopic results on Cm(III) binding onto Paenibacillus sp. cells indicated that binding occurred to H-phosphoryl surface sites over a wide pH range while sorption was found to be fully reversible. The identified complex R­-O-­PO3H-­Cm2+ was characterized spectroscopically and thermodynamically.
The stability constants calculated in the present work are valuable for modelling the U(VI), Cm(III) and Eu(III) speciation and distribution in the environment.

Keywords: U(VI); Cm(III); Eu(III); Pseudomonas fluorescens; Paenibacillus sp; Äspö; Mont Terri; Opalinus clay; potentiometry; TRLFS; EXAFS

  • Doctoral thesis
    TU Dresden, 2013
    133 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18389
Publ.-Id: 18389


The U(VI) Speciation Influenced by Novel Bacterial Isolates from Mont Terri Opalinus Clay

Lütke, L.; Moll, H.; Bachvarova, V.; Geißler, A.; Selenska-Pobell, S.; Bernhard, G.

High-level nuclear waste is supposed to be stored in deep geological formations. An example is the Opalinus clay formation located in the North-Western part of Switzerland (Mont Terri, Canton Jura) which is currently studied in terms of its suitability as host rock for future nuclear waste storage. Bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and together with archaea represent the only form of life which can inhabit and even thrive in the hostile environment of a nuclear waste repository. It is well known that bacteria can affect the actinide speciation through versatile mechanisms and therefore the migration behaviour. The presented work is embedded in the project “Microbial Diversity in Claystone (Opalinus Clay) and Interaction of Dominant Microbial Strains with Actinides” funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi). The project is integrated in the German-Swiss cooperation within the Mont Terri Project.
The talk deals with the U(VI) interactions of two bacterial strains isolated from Mont Terri Opalinus clay, namely Paenibacillus sp. and Sporomusa sp.. The morphology/ surfaces functional groups of the strains have been characterized using microbiological techniques combined with potentiometry. Further, potentiometry and TRLFS results about the U(VI) species formed at the bacterial cell surfaces are presented. Emphasize of this work was to characterize the formed U(VI) species thermodynamically.

Keywords: Mont Terri; Opalinus Clay; Uranium(VI); Paenibacillus sp; Sporomusa sp; potentiometry; TRLFS

  • Lecture (Conference)
    TD-227 Joint HT, MA, BN, GD, PC-C Meeting, 11.-12.02.2013, St. Ursanne, Switzerland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18388
Publ.-Id: 18388


Structure, Function and Dynamics of G-Protein coupled Receptors

Eichler, S.

Understanding the function of membrane proteins is crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which physiological processes are regulated by transmembrane signaling based on the interaction of extracellular ligands with membrane-bound receptors. In this work, synthetic transmembrane segments derived from the visual photoreceptor rhodopsin, the full length system rhodopsin and mutants of opsin are used to study physical processes that underlie the function of this prototypical class-A G protein-coupled receptor. The dependency of membrane protein hydration and protein-lipid interactions on side chain charge neutralization is addressed by uorescence spectroscopy on synthetic transmembrane segments in detergent and lipidic environment constituting transmembrane segments of rhodopsin in the membrane. Results from spectroscopic
studies allow us to construct a structural and thermodynamical model of coupled protonation of the conserved ERY motif in transmembrane helix 3 of rhodopsin and of helix restructuring in the micro-domain formed at the protein/lipid water phase boundary. Furthermore, synthesized peptides and full length systems were studied by time resolved FTIR-Fluorescence Cross Correlation Hydration Modulation, a technique specically developed for the purpose of this study, to achieve a full prospect of time-resolved hydration eects on lipidic and proteinogenic groups, as well as their interactions. Multi-spectral experiments and time-dependent analyses based on 2D correlation where established to analyze large data sets obtained from time-resolved FTIR dierence spectra and simultaneous static fluorescence recordings. The data reveal a sequential process where water H-bond formation to the lipid carbonyl precedes transmembrane protein conformational changes which are eventually followed by the intrusion of water into the protein interior as monitored by the fluorescence of hydrophobic buried tryptophan. Our results support the assumption of the critical role of the lipid/water interface in membrane protein function and they prove in particular the important influence of electrostatics, i.e., side chain charges at the phase boundary, and hydration on that function.

Keywords: GPCR; FTIR; Lipid protein interactions; Fluorescence; membrane receptor

  • Doctoral thesis
    TU Dresden, 2011
    122 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18387
Publ.-Id: 18387


Mapping the Local Elastic Properties of Nanostructured Germanium Surfaces: from Nanoporous Sponges to Self-Organized Nanodots

Böttger, R.; Keller, A.; Bischoff, L.; Facsko, S.

Due to their reduced dimensions, the mechanical properties of nanostructures may differ substantially from those of bulk materials. Quantifying and understanding the nanomechanical properties of individual nanostructures is thus of tremendous importance both from a fundamental and a technological point of view. Here we employ a recently introduced atomic force microscopy (AFM) mode, i.e., peak-force quantitative nanomechanical imaging, to map the local elastic properties of nanostructured germanium surfaces. This imaging mode allows for the quantitative determination of the Young’s modulus with nanometer resolution. Heavy-ion irradiation was used to fabricate different self-organized nanostructures on germanium surfaces. Depending on the sample temperature during irradiation, nanoporous sponge-like structures and hexagonally ordered nanodots are obtained. The sponge-like germanium surface is found to exhibit a surprisingly low Young’s modulus well below 10 GPa which furthermore depends on the ion energy. For the nanodot patterns, local variations in the Young’s modulus are observed: at moderate sample temperatures, the dot crests have a lower modulus than the dot valley whereas this situation is reversed at high temperatures. These observations are explained by vacancy dynamics in the amorphous germanium matrix during irradiation. Our results furthermore offer the possibility to tune the local elastic properties of nanostructured germanium surfaces by adjusting the ion energy and sample temperature.

Keywords: atomic force microscopy; Young’s modulus; nanopatterning; ion irradiation; vacancy dynamics

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18385
Publ.-Id: 18385


Bewertung der Werkstoffzähigkeit im duktil-spröden Übergangsbereich

Viehrig, H.-W.

The presentation summarizes the fracture behaviour of ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle region. In the ductile region the material fails by microvoid coalescence, wherein the crack grows as the load is increased. Unlike to the brittle region where the material suddenly fails by cleavage failure. In the ductile-to-brittle region both micromechanisms of fracture can occur in the same specimen or structure. The Master Curve concept models the probability for failure of a specimen within the ductile-to-brittle transition range using a three-parameter Weibull model. It allows to quantify the variation of fracture toughness with the temperature throughout the ductile-to-brittle transition region. Limit curves of fracture tough¬ness for defined failure probabilities and a reference temperatures can be determined using this method. Thus, fracture mechanical values can be supplied for an integrity assessment of structural components.

Keywords: fracture toughness; ductile-to-brittle transition region; Master Curve; integrity assessment

  • Lecture (others)
    DVM Fortbildungsseminar für Anwender der Bruchmechanik: Bruchmechanische Bewertung rissbehafteter Strukturen, 18.02.2013, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18384
Publ.-Id: 18384


Bestimmung der J-Risswiderstandskurve an einem zähen Reaktordruckbehälterstahl - Ergebnisse eines Round Robin Tests

Viehrig, H.-W.; Houska, M.; Mottitschka, T.; Grundmann, N.; Trupitz, P.; Bär, W.; Gerwien, P.; Lucon, E.

The fracture toughness of high toughness materials like reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels can be characterized by a crack resistance curve (JR) measured by single and multi-specimen methods according to the test standards ISO 12135 and ASTM E1820. Four institutions measured JR curves with 1T-C(T) specimens of RPV steel by using the single specimen unloading compliance (UC) technique. The applicability of the UC method and the problems occurred in determining engineering J initiation fracture toughness values according to the tests standards ASTM E1820 and ISO 12135 are discussed. In addition the JR data determined with the UC method are compared with the multiple-specimen method as a reference.

Keywords: ductile tearing; J integral; unloading compliance; fracture toughness

  • Contribution to proceedings
    45. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Bruchvorgänge, Bruchmechanische Werkstoff- und Bauteilbewertung: Beanspruchungsanalyse, Prüfmethoden und Anwendungen, 19.-20.02.2013, Berlin, Deutschland
    Tagungsband: 45. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Bruchvorgänge, Berlin: DVM
  • Lecture (Conference)
    45. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Bruchvorgänge, Bruchmechanische Werkstoff- und Bauteilbewertung: Beanspruchungsanalyse, Prüfmethoden und Anwendungen, 19.-20.02.2013, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18383
Publ.-Id: 18383


Herstellung und Reinigung von 56Co, 64Cu und 85Sr am Leipziger Zyklotron Cyclone 18/9.

Mansel, A.; Poetsch, M.; Franke, K.

Die Abteilung „Reaktiver Transport“ der Forschungsstelle Leipzig beschäftigt sich mit dem Migrations-/Sorptionsverhalten von (Schad)stoffen in geologischen Formationen. In aktuellen Projekten werden zur Zeit toxische Schwermetalle sowie langlebige Radionuklide untersucht. Für unsere Studien werden kurzlebige Radionuklide eingesetzt (64Cu, 85Sr, 56Co). Diese werden am Leipziger Zyklotron durch Protonenbeschuss von isotopenangereichertem 64Ni und 85Rb und natFe hergestellt. Die chemische Aufarbeitung erfolgt durch Flüssig-flüssig-Extraktion und Ionenchromatographie. Die Radionuklide werden mit einer chemischen Ausbeute von ca. 95 % erhalten. Das wertvolle Targetmaterial (isotopenangereichert bis zu 95 %) wird mit ~ 90 % Ausbeute wiedergewonnen. Die Targets werden entweder durch Verpressen ihrer Chloride oder durch elektrolytische Abscheidung auf Goldfolien hergestellt. Die Bestrahlung erfolgt bei einem Protonenstrom von 27 µA bei Strahlzeiten von bis zu 4 Stunden und einer Projektilenergie von ca. 12 MeV. Die produzierten Radionuklide wurden erfolgreich in Verteilungsstudien an Geomaterialien sowie in der Calixarenkomplexierung eingesetzt.

  • Poster
    Anakon2013, 04.-07.03.2013, Essen, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18382
Publ.-Id: 18382


Bruchmechanische Bewertung von Reaktordruckbehälter Mehrlagenschweißnähten

Viehrig, H.-W.; Houska, M.; Kalkhof, D.; Schindler, H.-J.

The Master Curve (MC) approach as standardised in the ASTM Standard Test Meth-od E 1921-05 was applied on the multilayer beltline welding seam of the not commissioned Biblis C reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The main focus in is on the investigation of the influence of the specimen orientation (crack extension directions circumferential and through the thickness) and -type on the MC reference temperature T0. Furthermore RPV integrity assessment concepts based on the MC approach are applied on the test results. The non-homogeneous weld structure results in a strong variation of the fracture toughness values at cleavage failure of the specimens. The range of the T0 values measured with specimens from individual thickness locations of the multilayer welding seam amounts 40 K.

Keywords: fracture toughness; Master Curve; structure; reference temperature; integrity

  • Contribution to proceedings
    45. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Bruchvorgänge, Bruchmechanische Werkstoff- und Bauteilbewertung: Beanspruchungsanalyse, Prüfmethoden und Anwendungen, 19.-20.02.2013, Berlin, Deutschland
    Tagungsband: 45. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Bruchvorgänge, Berlin: DVM
  • Lecture (Conference)
    45. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Bruchvorgänge, Bruchmechanische Werkstoff- und Bauteilbewertung: Beanspruchungsanalyse, Prüfmethoden und Anwendungen, 19.-20.02.2013, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18381
Publ.-Id: 18381


Entwicklung von PET-Radioliganden für den Alpha7-Subtyp des nikotinischen Acetylcholinrezeptors

Rötering, S.

  • Lecture (others)
    Doktorandenkolloquium des Biotechnologisch-Biomedizinischen Zentrums der Universität Leipzig, 06.02.2013, Leipzig, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18380
Publ.-Id: 18380


Synthesis of Short and Versatile Heterobifunctional Linkers for Conjugation Purposes of Bioactive Molecules with (Radio-)Labels

Heldt, J.-M.; Kerzendörfer, O.; Mamat, C.; Starke, F.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Steinbach, J.

The preparation of a series of short and versatile (eleven and twelve atom length) hydrophilic heterobifunctional linkers from low-cost chemicals using simple experimental setups is described.
The approach can be used to connect high molecular weight bioactive molecules with azamacrocycles to enable radiolabeling with radiometals. The ring opening reaction of three cyclic anhydrides with 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol afforded precursors 4a–c, which were subsequently converted into various heterobifunctional linkers for radiofluorination, Huisgen–Click approaches, or Staudinger ligation and for solid-phase peptide synthesis. As examples for successful building block ligation using the strain-promoted Huisgen cycloaddition on the one hand and the traceless Staudinger approach on the other hand, the Cetuximab antibody was modified by using 13a in a convenient two-step procedure.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18379
Publ.-Id: 18379


NMR Spectroscopy in Nuclear Safety Research

Kretzschmar, J.; Barkleit, A.; Brendler, V.; Brunner, E.

Radioactive elements can be emitted to the environment for several reasons. There are natural uranium and thorium compounds (and their decay products) in rock formations, which can be released by geologic alteration or mining processes. As a consequence of energy production in nuclear power plants over the last decades, huge amounts of nuclear waste were produced. If this waste is not stored adequately, radionuclides can enter the geo- or biosphere. Studying the transport behaviour of these radioactive elements and their fission products is the key aspect of our research. Here, rocks and natural mineral phases as well as organic molecules as potential binding sites are objects of investigation.
Both, NMR spectroscopic structure elucidation of environmentally relevant complexes of lanthanides, actinides and selenium as well as the verification of results obtained by other techniques in former studies, are the aims of this work.
The study of large biomolecules such as proteins or humic acids is rather complicated. Therefore, compounds which are themselves potential complexing agents or at least possess structural similarities to larger molecules, are used as model substances, for instance glutathione (a tripeptide) or citrate.
Different one- and two-dimensional solution and solid state NMR methods will be applied to dedicated systems, supplied by TRLFS, ATR FT-IR and EXAFS. Where possible, the radionuclides are supposed to be replaced by inactive analogues or isotopes. In the case of selenium*, the spin-½ nucleus of Se-77 is well suited to be directly observed by NMR spectroscopy.

* in cooperation with E. Brendler, Institut für Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg

Keywords: NMR spectroscopy; nuclear safety research; lanthanides; actinides; selenium; boric acid

  • Poster
    15th JCF Frühjahrssymposium, 06.-09.03.2013, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18378
Publ.-Id: 18378


Formation of surface nano-structures by plasma expansion induced by highly charged ions

Moslem, W.; El-Said, A. S.

Slow highly charged ions (HCIs) create surface nano-structures (nano-hillocks) on the quartz surface. The formation of hillocks was only possible by surpassing a potential energy threshold. By using the plasma expansion approach with suitable hydrodynamic equations, the creation mechanism of the nano-hillocks induced by HCIs is explained. Numerical analysis reveal that within the nanoscale created plasma region, the increase of the temperature causes an increase of the self-similar solution validity domain, and consequently the surface nano-hillocks become taller. Furthermore, the presence of the negative (positive) nano-dust particles would lead to increase (decrease) the nano-hillocks height.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18377
Publ.-Id: 18377


Experimental Study of a Simplified 3 x 3 Rod Bundle using DPTV

Dominguez-Ontiveros, E. E.; Hassan, Y. A.; Franz, R.; Barthel, F.; Hampel, U.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has evolved in the last years as an important tool for the simulation and prediction of rod bundles in plant components under various scenarios, contributing to the continuing improve of performance and safety of nuclear power plants. However, these tools must be validated and verified in order to assure with enough confidence the reliability and quality of CFD predictions. The present work focuses in the basic study and a benchmark case of rod bundles using a top-bench experimental set up. The setup consist of a 3 x 3 rod bundle with a rod diameter of d= 10 mm, length L=1078 mm, and pitch to diameter ratio P/d = 1.28. The rods are kept in fixed distance from each other by three in-house designed simple grids with no mixing devices. The experimental set-up provides complete optical access to the test section by using a matching refractive index between the liquid flow, rods and flow envelope. Dynamic Particle Tracking Velocimetry (DPTV) was used to measure the time resolved velocity fields in the rod bundle. Experimental turbulence parameters and main flow characteristics are presented in this work. The interaction between sub-channels due to cross flow will be presented under Re number ranging from 5000- 20,000. This study seeks to provide a basic yet enough comprehensive benchmark case for CFD under single phase conditions. The geometry associated with the bundle problem has been simplified in order to provide high quality data with temporal and spatial resolution able to compare directly with CFD results. The measurement uncertainties in these experiments are discussed and evaluated yielding a 6% uncertainty in the axial and lateral velocity components and up-to 11% in the normal component of the measured velocity vectors. This work is a collaborative effort between Texas A&M University and the HZR institute in Germany.

Keywords: 3 x 3 rod bundle; Dynamic Particle Tracking Velocimetry; Channel geometry; single phase flow; refractive index matching fluid

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The Experimental Validation and Application of CFD and CMFD Codes in Nuclear Reactor Technology / CFD4NRS-4, 10.-12.09.2012, Daejeon, Korea

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18376
Publ.-Id: 18376


Radiation therapy of Cancer with laser-accelerated Ions - a Vision (Strahlentherapie von Krebs mit laserbeschleunigten Ionen – eine Vision)

Sauerbrey, R.

Experimente und klinische Studien, die seit den 70er Jahren durchgeführt werden, zeigen die Überlegenheit von Ionen bei der Strahlentherapie von bestimmten Krebsarten. Das Potential von Ionen für die Strahlentherapie insgesamt ist noch nicht voll‐ständig bekannt und derzeit Gegenstand der klinischen Forschung.
Für die Ionenbehandlung werden Protonen von etwa 200 MeV Energie bzw. Ionen mit einer Energie von 400 MeV/Nukleon und Strahlendosen von einigen 10 Gray benötigt.
Konventionelle Beschleuniger können diese Parameter zur Verfügung stellen. Für ein Behandlungssystem mit Ionen ist jedoch eine sehr aufwändige Apparatur zur Ionenbeschleunigung und Ionenstrahlführung erforderlich, die hohe Investitionskosten verursacht. Am Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf (HZDR) wird eine neue Methode zur Beschleunigung von Ionen mit Hochintensitätslasern verfolgt sowie alternative Technologien zur Ionenstrahlführung untersucht, um kompaktere und preisgünstigere Ionenbestrahlungsplätze zu realisieren. Die gemeinsame Plattform OncoRay der Technischen Universität Dresden, des Uniklinikums Dresden und des HZDR bietet die Möglichkeit der translationalen Krebsforschung auf diesem Zukunftsgebiet.

  • Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 57(2012)1, 959

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18375
Publ.-Id: 18375


A Neural Network Approach for Acoustic Leak Monitoring in the VVER-440 Pressure Vessel Head

Hessel, G.; Schmitt, W.; van der Vorst, K.; Weiss, F. P.

A neural network approach has been developed for localizing leakages and estimating the leak rate in the VVER-440 pressure vessel head. Results are presented from experiments with simulated leaks. Threelayer perceptron networks were found to be best suited for leak localization and for the estimation of leak rates. However, the estimation of leak rates required an additional neural network because a different normalization procedure was necessare for extracting features from RMS values of the acoustic emission sensors. Perceptron networks with continuously valued outputs corresponding to the coordinates of the leak positions were useful for identifiying even leak positions which had not been offered during training

Keywords: Leak; monitoring; neural networks; pressurized water reactors; VVER reactors

  • Progress in Nuclear Energy 34(1999)3, 173-183

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18374
Publ.-Id: 18374


ms-Temperung von HL & Dielektrika more Moore & more than Moore & Nothing more...

Skorupa, W.

It is obvious that we approach the limits of Moore’s law and have to think about moving on, or, move different route, or, may be, move not anymore? Having spent more than 35 years with microelectronics and chip technology the answer to this question is not simple for me… In this talk I will try to discuss some aspects of that kind of “cultural doubting”, but will not miss to present also a review of our recent results regarding advanced processing for silicon and germanium nanostructures based on ion beam processing and/or short time annealing in the millisecond range: a) III-V nanocrystals heteroepitaxially arranged on silicon nanowires (S. Prucnal et al., NanoLett. 11, 2814 (2011)) b) Superconductivity from Ga-rich nanoscale layers at Si/Ge-SiO2 interfaces (J. Fiedler et al., Phys.Rev. B 85, 134530 (2012)) c) Horizontal silicon nanowires on insulator by ion beam erosion (X. Ou et al., AIP Advances 1, 042174 (2011))

Keywords: short time annealing; Moore’s law; ion beam processing

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    EFDS-Workshop "Struktur und Eigenschaften dielektrischer Schichten für die Optik", 07.11.2012, Jena, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18373
Publ.-Id: 18373


More Moore or More-than-Moore or Nothing more? A nanoView on silicon & germanium...

Skorupa, W.

It is obvious that we approach the limits of Moore’s law and have to think about moving on, or, move different route, or, may be, move not anymore? Having spent more than 35 years with microelectronics and chip technology the answer to this question is not simple for me… In this talk I will try to discuss some aspects of that kind of “cultural doubting”, but will not miss to present also a review of our recent results regarding advanced processing for silicon and germanium nanostructures based on ion beam processing and/or short time annealing in the millisecond range: a) III-V nanocrystals heteroepitaxially arranged on silicon nanowires (S. Prucnal et al., NanoLett. 11, 2814 (2011)) b) Superconductivity from Ga-rich nanoscale layers at Si/Ge-SiO2 interfaces (J. Fiedler et al., Phys.Rev. B 85, 134530 (2012)) c) Horizontal silicon nanowires on insulator by ion beam erosion (X. Ou et al., AIP Advances 1, 042174 (2011))

Keywords: short time annealing; Moore’s law; ion beam processing

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    E-MRS 2012 FALL MEETING, 17.-21.09.2012, Warsaw, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18372
Publ.-Id: 18372


Dot and Ripple Nanopatterns on Ge Surfaces by Normal and Tilted Bombardment with Bi2 and Bi3 Ions

Bischoff, L.; Heinig, K.-H.; Schmidt, B.; Facsko, S.; Pilz, W.

The self-organisation of surface pattern on (001)Ge was investigated after bombardment with different heavy bismuth species of monomers Bi+, Bi++ and clusters Bi2+, Bi3+, Bi4+, and Bi3++, obtained from a Bi-liquid metal ion source [1] in a mass separating 30 kV focused ion beam system. The surface patterns, depending on the angle of ion cluster incidence at ion irradiation differ drastically from the well-known porous or sponge-like nanostructures formed on Ge at monomer ion irradiation so far: the surface remains crystalline as proven by Raman measurements, and the dots and ripples heights were in the order of their wavelengths in contrast to monomer irradiation where an porous surface layer was obtained. The structure formation was investigated in the fluence range from1015 to 1017 ions/cm2 as a function of angle of incidence and energy per atom of the different projectile ions. The high mass of the cluster ions leads to a patterning mechanism different from the Bradley-Harper model, which becomes strikingly apparent by the crystalline Ge surface. An identified threshold of this new patterning mode could help to understand the mechanism: The ion-impact-induced deposition of energy per volume (as estimated by SRIM) must exceed a value which coincides with the energy needed for melting. Thus, Bi segregation during melt pool re-solidification and the 5% volume difference between molten and solid Ge can cause the observed Bi separation and Ge patterning, respectively. A consistent, qualitative model will be discussed. [1] L. Bischoff, W. Pilz, P. Mazarov, and A.D. Wieck, Appl. Phys. A 99 (2010) 145.

Keywords: ion-solid-interaction; heavy polyatomic ions; germanium; surface patters; modeling

Related publications

  • Poster
    MRS 2011 Spring Meeting, 26.-29.04.2011, San Francisco, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18371
Publ.-Id: 18371


Anticorrosion studies for pipe organ-related materials using plasma processing

Skorupa, W.; Cherkouk, C.; Henke, D.; Prucnal, S.; Reuther, H.; Werner, H.; Pfeifer, D.; Eule, A.-C.

There is no doubt that lead (and its alloys with tin) and brass materials do not really belong to the stuff of primary interest for advanced materials studies. Also, lead gets more and more removed from the technology of soldering in electronics etc., and brass is, at least, a material of doubtful character if treated in vacuum. On the other hand these metals are of primary interest for the construction of pipe organs, and that already for millenia! Corrosion of lead and brass are a serious obstacle in old and even new pipe organs if the microclimate inside of the organ, the church, the concert hall etc. is containing special residuals or impurities leading to the growth of corrosive layers. Finally, even holes can be “drilled” into metal pipes making them voiceless!
For this end we have started to fight with this problem by using nanotechnology to cover metallic sheets of lead and brass with thin layers of anticorrosive material. Plasma immersion ion implantation of nitrogen was used to keep the technology simple and to have certain intermixed interface layers between the surface and the substrate. AES and XPS demonstrated surface layers with a thickness in the range below 50 nm. The exact composition and mechanism is a matter of discussion yet. Laboratory-based corrosion studies were developed and applied to the plasma-treated surfaces. First results were quite promising and showed strong corrosion resistance, especially for lead. Field studies at historical organs in Saxony and Mecklenburg are ongoing.

Keywords: pipe organ; plasma immersion; corrosion protection; lead; brass

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering, 10.-14.09.2012, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18370
Publ.-Id: 18370


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