Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

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41396 Publications

DC and high-frequency conductivity of the organic metals β"-(BEDT-TT)2SF5RSO3 (R=CH2CF2 and CHF)

Glied, M.; Yasin, S.; Kaiser, S.; Drichko, N.; Dressel, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Schlueter, J. A.; Gard, G. L.

The temperature dependences of the electric-transport properties of the two-dimensional organic conductors β"--(BEDT-TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3, β"-(d8-BEDT-TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3, and β"-(d8-BEDTTTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3 are measured by dc methods in and perpendicular to the highly conducting plane. Microwave measurements are performed at 24 and 33.5GHz to probe the high-frequency behavior from room temperature down to 2 K. Superconductivity is observed in β"-(BEDT-TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3 and its deuterated analogue. Although all the compounds remain metallic down to low-temperatures, they are close to a charge-order transition. This leads to deviations from a simple Drude behavior of the optical conductivity which become obvious already in the microwave range. In β"-(BEDT-TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3, for instance, charge fluctuations cause an increase in microwave resistivity for T < 20K which is not detected in dc measurements. β"-(BEDT-TTF)2SF5CHFSO3 exhibits a simple metallic behavior at all frequencies. In the dc transport, however, we observe indications of localization in the perpendicular direction.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12941
Publ.-Id: 12941


Violation of Critical Universality at the Antiferromagnetic Phase Transition of YbRh2Si2

Krellner, C.; Hartmann, S.; Pikul, A.; Oeschler, N.; Donath, J. G.; Geibel, C.; Steglich, F.; Wosnitza, J.

We report on precise low-temperature specific-heat measurements, C(T), of YbRh2Si2 in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic phase transition on a single crystal of superior quality (residual resistivity ratio of ~150).We observe a very sharp peak at TN = 72 mK with absolute values as high as C/T = 8 J/molK2. A detailed analysis of the critical exponent α around TN reveals α ≤ 0.38 which differs significantly from those of the conventional universality classes in the Ginzburg-Landau theory, where α ≤ 0.11. Thermal-expansion measurements corroborate this large positive critical exponent. These results provide insight into the nature of the critical magnetic fluctuations at a temperature-driven phase transition close to a quantum critical point.

  • Physical Review Letters 102(2009), 196402

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12940
Publ.-Id: 12940


Superconducting State in a Gallium-Doped Germanium Layer at Low Temperatures

Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Heera, V.; Ignatchik, O.; Uhlarz, M.; Mücklich, A.; Posselt, M.; Reuther, H.; Schmidt, B.; Heinig, K.-H.; Skorupa, W.; Voelskow, M.; Wündisch, C.; Skrotzki, R.; Helm, M.; Wosnitza, J.

We demonstrate that the third elemental group-IV semiconductor, germanium, exhibits superconductivity at ambient pressure. Using advanced doping and annealing techniques of state-of-the-art semiconductor processing, we have fabricated a highly Ga-doped Ge (Ge:Ga) layer in near-intrinsic Ge. Depending on the detailed annealing conditions, we demonstrate that superconductivity can be generated and tailored in the doped semiconducting Ge host at temperatures as high as 0.5 K. Critical-field measurements reveal the quasi-two-dimensional character of superconductivity in the ~60 nm thick Ge:Ga layer. The Cooper-pair density in Ge:Ga appears to be exceptionally low.

Related publications

  • Physical Review Letters 102(2009), 217003

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12939
Publ.-Id: 12939


Defect-Enhanced Charge Transfer by Ion-Solid Interactions in SiC using Large-Scale Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Gao, F.; Xiao, H.; Posselt, M.; Weber, W. J.

Large-scale ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of ion-solid interactions in SiC reveal that significant charge transfer occurs between atoms, and defects can enhance charge transfer to surrounding atoms. The results demonstrate that charge transfer to and from recoiling atoms can alter the energy barriers and dynamics for stable defect formation. The present simulations illustrate in detail the dynamic processes for charged defect formation. The averaged values of displacement threshold energies along four main crystallographic directions are smaller than those determined by empirical potentials due to charge-transfer effects on recoil atoms.

Keywords: silicon carbide; defects; first principle calculations; charge transfer

  • Physical Review Letters 103(2009), 027405

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12938
Publ.-Id: 12938


Impact of Biostimulated Redox Processes on Metal Dynamics in an Iron-rich Creek Soil of a former Uranium Mining Area

Burkhardt, E.-M.; Akob, D. M.; Bischoff, S.; Sitte, J.; Kostka, J. E.; Banerjee, D.; Scheinost, A. C.; Kuesel, K.

Understanding the dynamics of metals and radionuclides in soil environments is necessary for evaluating risks to pristine sites. An iron-rich creek soil of a former uranium-mining district (Ronneburg, Germany) showed high porewater concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides. Thus, this study aims i) to evaluate metal dynamics during terminal electron accepting processes (TEAPs) and ii) to characterize the active microbial populations in biostimulated soil microcosms using a stable isotope probing (SIP) approach. In biostimulated soil slurries, concentrations of soluble Co, Ni, Zn, As, and unexpectedly U increased during Fe(III)-reduction. This suggests that there was a direct reduction of As and a release of sorbed metals during reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-oxides. Subsequent sulfate-reduction was concurrent with a decrease of U, Co, Ni, and Zn concentrations. The relative contribution of U(IV) in the solid phase changed from 18.5 to 88.7% after incubation. The active Fe(III)-reducing population was dominated by δ-Proteobacteria (Geobacter) in 13C-ethanol amended microcosms. A more diverse community was present in 13C lactate amended microcosms including taxa related to Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, δ- Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria. Our results suggested that biostimulated Fe(III)-reducing communities facilitated the release of metals including U to groundwater which is in contrast to other studies.

Keywords: Uranium-mining; heavy metal and arsenic contamination; iron-reduction; sulfate-reduction; metal dynamics; stable isotope probing; bioremediation

  • Environmental Science & Technology 44(2010), 177-183

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12937
Publ.-Id: 12937


Terahertz-range free-electron laser electron spin resonance spectroscopy: Techniques and applications in high magnetic fields

Zvyagin, S. A.; Ozerov, M.; Cizmar, E.; Kamneskyi, D.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Wosnitza, J.; Wünsch, R.; Seidel, W.

The successful use of picosecond-pulse free-electron-laser (FEL) radiation for the continuous-wave terahertz-range electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been demonstrated. The combination of two linac-based FELs (covering the wavelength range of 4–250 µm) with pulsed magnetic fields up to 70 T allows for multifrequency ESR spectroscopy in a frequency range of 1.2–75 THz with a spectral resolution better than 1%. The performance of the spectrometer is illustrated with ESR spectra obtained in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the low-dimensional organic material (C6H9N2)CuCl3

  • Review of Scientific Instruments 80(2009), 073102

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12936
Publ.-Id: 12936


Is there alpha-assisted annealing of radiation damage? A helium implantation study of radiation-damaged zircon and monazite

Nasdala, L.; Grambole, D.; Váczi, T.; Götze, J.

The stopping of high-energy light ions in a host solid is characterised by a very high ratio of electronic to nuclear stopping powers. Consequently, alpha particles (4He cores whose energies range between 3.9 and 8.8 MeV) penetrating into a host mineral cause tremendous amounts of lattice ionisation, whereas they are rather marginally efficient in generating atomic displacements. Radiohaloes in rock-forming minerals are therefore mostly characterised by relatively low levels of structural radiation damage [1,2]. It is well known, however, that ion-beam irradiation may not only create defects, but it may also cause structural reconstitution [3-5]. It has been suspected that the electronic excitation by the alpha particles may result in radiation-enhanced annealing of pre-existing radiation damage, as for instance the bulk metamictization or fission tracks [6] in minerals.
The present study aimed at checking the principal effect of alpha particles on the self-irradiation damage (i.e., predominantly alpha-recoil damage) in U- and Th-bearing accessory minerals. Three hypothetical possibilities had to be considered, namely, (i) the creation of additional damage, (ii) structural reconstitution of the pre-existing damage, or (iii) insignificant effects on the structural state. For this, a suite of well-characterised zircon and monazite samples, covering the entire range from well-crystallised to fully metamict, were irradiated with 8.8 MeV 4He2+ ions (which are the analogue of alpha particles generated in the 212Po ---> 208Pb decay in the Th chain). Fluences were varied in the range 1012 - 1017 He ions/cm2. In the case of He-irradiated metamict (i.e., amorphous) samples, no indication of recrystallisation or nucleation was found. For all non-amorphous starting materials, we found that the degree of structural damage has always notably increased after the He irradiation. Consequently, alpha particles do create structural damage not only in well-crystallised but also in mildly to highly radiation-damaged zircon and monazite. In contrast, the hypothetical ability of alpha particles to assist damage annealing is not supported.
Our observations do not seem to confirm results of dual-beam ion irradiation experiments (i.e., the simultaneous irradiation of a solid with a heavy ion beam with relatively high nuclear excitation, and a second beam with high electronic excitation, such as high-energy light ions or electrons). Such experiments suggested that the simultaneous, intense electronic excitation may retard or prevent amorphisation by heavy ions [7]. The apparent contrast to our results may perhaps be explained by the consideration that self-irradiating minerals do virtually never experience genuine dual irradiation. Due to their generally low irradiation rates (averaging a few events per minute and mm3), alpha recoils and alpha particle irradiation in the very same volume area do not occur simultaneously but successively.

References:

[1] Nasdala, L., Wildner, M., Wirth, R., Groschopf, N., Pal, D.C., Möller, A. (2006) Mineral. Petrol. 86, 1-27
[2] Krickl, R., Nasdala, L., Götze, J., Grambole, D., Wirth, R. (2008) Eur. J. Mineral. 20, 517-522
[3] Priolo, F., Spinella, C., Rimini, E. (1990) Phys. Rev. B 41, 5235-5242
[4] Heera, V., Kögler, R., Skorupa, W., Grötzschel, R. (1993) Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B80/81, 538-542
[5] Som, T., Ghatak, J., Sinha, O.P., Sivakumar, R., Kanjilal, D. (2008) J. Appl. Phys. 103, 123532
[6] Hendricks B.W.H., Redfield, T.F. (2005) Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 236, 443-458
[7] Devanathan, R., Sickafus, K.E., Weber, W.J., Nastasi, M. (1998) J. Nucl. Mat. 253, 113-119

  • Poster
    Annual Meeting 2009 of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland: Micro-Analysis, Processes, Time (MAPT), 31.08.-02.09.2009, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Annual Meeting 2009 of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland: Micro-Analysis, Processes, Time (MAPT), 31.08.-02.09.2009, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Programme and abstracts, 167

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12934
Publ.-Id: 12934


Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering of (GeOx-SiO2) Superlattices for Ge Nanocrystal Formation

Zschintzsch, M.; Jeutter, N. M.; von Borany, J.; Krause, M.; Mücklich, A.

The underlying motivation of this work is the tailored growth of Ge nanocrystals (NC) for photovoltaic applications. The use of superlattices (SL) delivers a reliable method to control the Ge NC size after phase separation. In this contribution we report the deposition of (GeOx-SiO2) SL via reactive dc magnetron sputtering and the self-ordered Ge NC formation during subsequent annealing. Main attention is directed to define proper deposition conditions for tuning the GeOx composition between elemental Ge (x = 0) and GeO2 (x = 2) by the variation of the deposition temperature and the oxygen partial pressure. A convenient process window has been found which allows sequential GeOx-SiO2 deposition without changing the oxygen partial pressure during deposition. The phase separation and Ge NC formation after subsequent annealing were investigated with in−situ X-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. By these methods the existence of 2-5 nm Ge NC at annealing temperatures of 600-750°C has been confirmed which is within the SL stability range. The used technique allows to produce SL stacks with very smooth interfaces (roughness <1 nm), thus the Ge NC layers could be separated by very thin SiO2 films (d > 3 nm) which offers interesting possibilities for charge transport via direct tunneling.

Keywords: Ge nanoparticles; superlattices; reactive magnetron sputtering; in-situ X-ray diagnostics

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12933
Publ.-Id: 12933


Al1-xInxN/GaN bilayers: structure, morphology and optical properties

Lorenz, K.; Magalhães, S.; Franco, N.; Darakchieva, V.; Barradas, N. P.; Alves, E.; Pereira, S.; Correia, M. R.; Munnik, F.; Martin, R. W.; O’Donnell, K. P.; Watson, I. M.

High quality Al1-xInxN/GaN bilayers, grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD), were characterized using structural and optical techniques. Compositional analysis was performed using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). The InN molar fraction x decreased approximately linearly with increasing growth temperature and ranged from x=0.13 to 0.24. Up to x=0.20 the layers grow pseudomorphically to GaN with good crystalline quality. These layers show a smooth surface with V-shaped pits. Two layers with InN contents around 24% showed partial strain relaxation. However, the mechanisms leading to relaxation of compressive strain are very different in the two samples grown both at low temperature but with different growth rate. One sample shows a decreased c/a ratio, as expected for relaxation of the compressive strain, while In was shown to be homogeneously distributed with depth. Another sample started to grow with x=0.24 but relaxed mainly by reduction of the incorporated InN content towards the lattice-match composition of x~0.17. Both samples have an increased surface roughness. All samples show strong Al1-xInxN band edge luminescence with large bowing parameter and Stokes’ shifts.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    International conference on Nitride Semiconductors, ICNS-8, 18.-23.10.2009, JeJu, South Korea
  • Physica Status Solidi (B) 247(2010)7, 1740-1746
    DOI: 10.1002/pssb.200983656
    ISSN: 0370-1972
    Cited 11 times in Scopus

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12932
Publ.-Id: 12932


Raman characterisation of MoS2 microtube

Virsek, M.; Krause, M.; Kolitsch, A.; Remskar, M.

A MoS2 microtube synthesized by chemical transport reaction was studied by Raman line scan mapping. The Raman spectrum of the MoS2 microtube closely resembles that of a MoS2 single crystal. In both, first order A1g and E2g Raman lines are observed with equal wave numbers, while line widths are slightly larger in the microtube spectrum, which can be attributed to defects. In the line scan along the tube axis the wave numbers of first order peaks are constant, while a slight up-shift of the Raman lines is observed in a line scan perpendicular to the tube. Possible mechanisms are discussed and the heating effect is proposed. Line scan approach over the edge of an object thus enables accurate determination of positions of first order peaks in highly absorbing materials.

Keywords: Inorganic nanotubes; layered materials; Raman spectroscopy

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12931
Publ.-Id: 12931


Diameter dependent Raman scattering of WS2 nanotubes

Krause, M.; Virsek, M.; Remskar, M.; Kolitsch, A.; Möller, W.

The effect of the tube diameter and of the surface layer on the Raman spectra of WS2 nanotubes is investigated. With decreasing diameter, a disorder-induced line in the A1g mode range, the D-A1g line, is selectively enhanced. This enhancement is attributed to an increasing structural disorder in smaller nanotubes. On the other hand, no significant effect on the D-A1g / A1g intensity ratio is observed for a Raman scan perpendicular to a 290 nm diameter tube. Therefore the enhancement of the disorder induced line is an intrinsic property of WS2 nanostructures and not a surface layer effect.

Keywords: Inorganic Nanotubes; Layered Compounds; Raman spectroscopy

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12929
Publ.-Id: 12929


Experimental study of the electric dipole strength in the even Mo nuclei and its deformation dependence

Erhard, M.; Junghans, A. R.; Nair, C.; Schwengner, R.; Beyer, R.; Kosev, K.; Klug, J.; Wagner, A.; Grosse, E.

Two methods based on bremsstrahlung were applied to the stable even Mo isotopes for the experimental determination of the photon strength function covering the high excitation energy range above 4 MeV with its increasing level density. Photon scattering was used up to the neutron separation energies Sn and data up to the maximum of the isovector giant resonance(GDR) were obtained by photo-activation. After a proper correction for multi-step processes the observed quasi-continuous spectra of scattered photons show a remarkably good match to the photon strengths derived from nuclear photo effect data obtained previously by neutron detection and corrected in absolute scale using the new activation results. The combined data form an excellent basis to derive a shape dependence of the E1 strength in the even Mo isotopes with increasing deviation from the N = 50 neutron shell, i.e. with the impact of quadrupole deformation and triaxiality. The wide energy coverage of the data allows for a stringent assessment of the dipole sum-rule, and a test of a novel parameterization developed previously which is based upon. This parameterization for the electric dipole strength function in nuclei with A>80 deviates significantly from prescriptions generally used previously. In astrophysical network calculations it may help to quantify the role the p-process plays in the cosmic nucleosynthesis. It also has impact on the accurate analysis of neutron capture data of importance for future nuclear energy systems and waste transmutation.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12928
Publ.-Id: 12928


Laser accelerated ion beams for future medical applications

Kraft, S.

Recent success in laser-driven particle acceleration has increased interest in laser-generated “accelerator-quality” beams, for example, protons and ions have been produced with up to several tens of MeV per nucleon, and with extremely low emittance (<0.01 mm mrad, normalized). Compact, high-gradient laser-accelerators are therefore now being discussed as a potentially viable technology for a host of particle-beam applications, including future compact medical accelerators for medical diagnostics and therapy. After commissioning of a 150 TW laser system at the FZD, a joint research center for radiation therapy with laser-accelerator ions is being established together with the OncoRay Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, and the University Clinic of the Technical University of Dresden. The present status and future plans of the center, and the results from first proton acceleration experiments at FZD will be presented.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Laser and Plasma Accelerators Workshop 2009, 22.-26.06.2009, Kardamyli, Griechenland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12927
Publ.-Id: 12927


Characterisation of thin films using ion beams

Munnik, F.

Introduction to Ion Beam Materials Analysis (IBA)
Characterisation of thin films by Ion Beam Materials Analysis (IBA)
Research topics for Ion Beam Materials Analysis (IBA)

Keywords: Ion Beam Analysis

  • Lecture (others)
    Materials Science Workshop II, 23.-25.03.2009, Sohag, Ägypten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12926
Publ.-Id: 12926


Ion beam analysis of ancient Egyptian wall paintings

Abd El Aal, S.; Korman, A.; Stonert, A.; Munnik, F.; Turos, A.

Polychromatic decorations of ancient Egyptians tombs and temples have a long tradition over three millennia but are hard to identify because many pigments have been subjected to severe chemical reactions, which have entirely changed their original colours. Optical microscopy, PIXE and microbeam-PIXE have been used for determination of the nature of pigments, their chronology, and identification of domestic and imported materials. Paint flakes from various archeological sites in Egypt were analyzed: we report the results of the analysis of samples which were collected at the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III (Habu Town), and the tombs of Tuthmosis III (Valley of the Kings) and Sennefer (Valley of the Noblemen). The paint is composed of grains of sizes typically ranging from 50 μm to 300 μm embedded in binding material and has great non-uniformity of pigment depth and lateral distributions and discontinuity of the paint layers. Qualitative analysis using broad beam PIXE has been performed to allow determination of the average composition of both support and pigments. Microbeam-PIXE has been used for mapping of selected grains. Goethite FeO(OH) (yellow), orpiment As2S3 (green), and the two blues: Egyptian Blue CaCuSi4O10 and Green Frit CaCuSiO3 (mixed with the red haematite Fe2O3) were identified, and interesting details of the painting technique of ancient masters, like blending of pigments and the use of multilayer structures, were revealed.

Keywords: Egyptian wall painting; pigments; PIXE; optical microscopy

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12925
Publ.-Id: 12925


New versatile bifunctional chelators for stable binding of 68Ga and Cu(II) radioisotopes

Pietzsch, H.-J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Universität Lissabon, 19.06.2009, Lissabon, Portugal

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12924
Publ.-Id: 12924


Dextran mannose conjugates with modifiable 99mTc(III) mixed-ligand complexes as potential tracers for sentinel lymph node detection

Pietzsch, H.-J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (Conference)
    IAEA-Meeting, 17.-22.05.2009, Athen, Greece

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12923
Publ.-Id: 12923


Radio-labeled DOTA-glycodendrimers for potential tumor imaging and therapy

Appelhans, D.; Stephan, H.; Bergmann, R.; Voit, B.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Poster
    6th International Dendrimer Symposium, 14.-18.06.2009, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Dendrimer Symposium, 14.-18.06.2009, Stockholm, Sweden

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12922
Publ.-Id: 12922


Forschungseinrichtungen als Partner der Wirtschaft - Der Wissenschaftsstandort Dresden

Joehnk, P.

Rossendorf als lebendiger und attraktiver Standort für Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft

  • Lecture (others)
    BWA Frühjahrsempfang 2009, 30.04.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12920
Publ.-Id: 12920


Synthesis of new bifunctional chelators for conjugation to vector molecules for tumor targeting

Heldt, J.-M.; Ruffani, A.; Zenker, M.; Walther, M.; Stephan, H.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Steinbach, J.

Problem: The goal of this study is to prepare novel chelators suitable for conjugation to vector molecules which can be labeled by yttrium or copper in order to achieve high specific activities and to improve pharmacokinetics. In this context, new water soluble bifunctional DOTA- and bis (2-pyridylmethyl)triazacyclocyclononane (DMPTACN)-based chelators have been synthesized and conjugated to the monoclonal antibody Cetuximab which binds to HER2 of the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) family which is over-expressed by various tumors.

Material and Method: Both chelators have been conjugated to Cetuximab via thiourea-bridging. Radiolabeling of DOTA derivatives has been performed in aqueous ammonium acetate solution at r.t. using 86YCl3 or 90YCl3. Radiolabeling of DMPTACN conjugates with 64Cu was achieved in MES buffer solution at 50°C using 64CuCl2. The affinity of the bioconjugates towards EGFR was determined by ELISA.

Results: The ELISA test showed that the affinity of the bioconjugates has decreased compared to native Cetuximab. A chelator/antibody molar ratio of 4 was achieved as determined by MALDI-TOF-MS for the DOTA-Cetuximab conjugate. Radiolabeling of DOTA-conjugates with 86Y and 90Y at 37°C requires optimization to improve radiochemical yield. DMPTACN-Cetuximab conjugates can be rapidly labeled with 64Cu under mild conditions in almost quantitative yield.

Conclusions: DMPTACN- and DOTA-ligands are attractive bifunctional chelating agents which can be conjugated to vector molecules for PET-imaging and radiotherapy. In the near future, the work with the ligands investigated will be extended using the pre-labeling approach.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    1st TARCC international Workshop on targeted Radionuclide therapy: “Advances in targeted radionuclide therapy”, 25.-26.05.2009, Nantes, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12918
Publ.-Id: 12918


Thermoelectromagnetic stirring in Metallurgy

Cramer, A.; Zhang, X.; Gerbeth, G.

Thermoelectromagnetic convection in cubic containers was studied experimentally. Two opposing side walls were cooled and heated, respectively, to produce an uniform temperature gradient. Inhomogeneous magnetic field distributions were achieved either with a permanent magnet or with specifically shaped pole shoes of an electromagnetic system. Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry demonstrated that even a moderate temperature gradient may drive distinct convection. Two different flow regimes were investigated with the permanent magnet. Located at an isothermal wall, it produced a single vortex spreading the whole container while the flow was relatively stable. Moving the magnet to the center altered the flow structure. Four vortices developed and the velocity fluctuations were intensified. The more generic case realised with the electromagnet provided a gradient of the magnetic field only in one direction. Since the field strength and the area of impact on the melt were larger, developed turbulent regimes were accomplished.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    54th IWK - Internationales Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium, 07.-11.09.2009, Ilmenau, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    54th IWK - Internationales Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium, 07.-11.09.2009, Ilmenau, Germany
    "Thermoelectromagnetic Stirring in Metallurgy", Ilmenau: ISLE, 978-3-938843-45-1

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12917
Publ.-Id: 12917


Study on Atomic Layer Deposition of Amorphous Rhodium Oxide Thin Films

Hämäläinen, J.; Munnik, F.; Ritala, M.; Leskelä, M.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of rhodium oxide thin films has been studied using Rh(acac)3 (acac = acetylacetonato) and ozone as precursors. Amorphous Rh2O3 thin films were deposited between 160 and 180 °C. The sublimation temperature of Rh(acac)3 set the low temperature limit for the oxide film deposition, while the high temperature limit was governed by the partial reduction of the film to metallic rhodium. The rhodium oxide films were successfully deposited on Al2O3 nucleation layers, soda lime glasses, and native oxide covered silicon substrates. The films demonstrated excellent conformality as characteristic for ALD. The films were not uniform across the substrate, which was most likely due to the catalyzing effect of Rh2O3 for ozone decomposition. The nonuniformity was repeatable and could be simply compensated in the cross-flow reactor. By splitting the deposition in two stages with 180° substrate rotation in between, good uniformity across the substrate was accomplished. The resistivities of about 80 nm thick Rh2O3 films were from 5 to 8 mΩcm.

Keywords: atomic layer deposition; ALD; rhodium oxide; Rh₂O₃; thin film

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12916
Publ.-Id: 12916


Repeatable phase change in Fe implanted GaN Induced by multi-annealing in reduced atmosphere

Talut, G.; Grenzer, J.; Reuther, H.; Baehtz, C.; Novikov, D.; Walz, B.

Wurtzite GaN(001)-films were implanted with 195 keV 57Fe ions with a fluence Φ = 4*1016 cm-2 at room temperature. No secondary phase was detected in as implanted state. In order to reduce the implantation damage and to investigate the formation of secondary phases the implanted samples were annealed at 1073 K in a reduced N2-atmosphere (0.5 bar) for several cycles in a minute range. The formation of secondary phases in Fe implanted GaN upon annealing was detected by means of in-situ x-ray diffraction and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). In contrast to our previous experiments with the annealing in a N2-flow at 1.1 bar pressure [3] no α-Fe cluster were found, but Fe3N. The repeatable phase change from Fe3N at room temperature and Fe3-xN at 1023 K was observed by means of in-situ x-ray diffraction. The diffusion of Fe during the annealing process limits the availability of secondary phase and hence the repeatability. The annealing process is accompanied by a strong diffusion of Fe and dissolution of GaN. Oxygen contamination promotes the dissolution of GaN and the formation of β-Ga2O3. The oxidation is confirmed by CEMS. The ferromagnetism in the samples is related to the presence of Fe3-xN. No DMS related phenomena have been observed. The results demonstrate that by variation of pressure phase compositions, other than α-Fe, are possible. It is expected that by the proper choice of annealing conditions specific secondary phases can be created, leading to different electronic, magnetic and other properties.

Keywords: GaN; Fe; CEMS; Magnetism

  • Poster
    International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer effect ICAME 09, 19.-24.07.2009, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12913
Publ.-Id: 12913


Mode-locked pulses from mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers

Wang, C. Y.; Kuznetsova, L.; Gkortsas, V. M.; Diehl, L.; Kärtner, F. X.; Belkin, M. A.; Belyanin, A.; Li, X.; Ham, D.; Schneider, H.; Grant, P.; Song, C. Y.; Haffouz, S.; Wasilewski, Z. R.; Liu, H. C.; Capasso, F.

In this study, we report the unequivocal demonstration of midinfrared mode-locked pulses from quantum cascade lasers. The train of short pulses was generated by actively modulating the current and hence the gain of an edge-emitting quantum cascade laser (QCL). Pulses with duration of about 3 ps at full-width-at-half-maxima and energy of 0.5 pJ were characterized using a second-order interferometric autocorrelation technique based on a nonlinear quantum well infrared photodetector. The modelocking dynamics in the QCLs was modeled based on the Maxwell-Bloch equations in an open two-level system. Our model reproduces the overall shape of the measured autocorrelation traces and predicts that the short pulses are accompanied by substantial wings as a result of strong spatial hole burning. The range of parameters where short mode-locked pulses can be formed is found.

Keywords: Infrared and far-infrared lasers; Mode-locked lasers; Quantum cascade lasers

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12912
Publ.-Id: 12912


Photodisintegration of p-process nuclei

Wagner, A.

The neutron deficient p-nuclei are shielded from the s- or r-process by stable isotopes. P-nuclei are likely to be formed in high temperature cosmic scenarios like exploding supernovae by photodisintegration reactions on heavy r- or s- seed nuclei. The lack of experimental information on energy-dependent cross sections especially for (gamma,p) and (gamma,gamma) reactions reduces the applicability of nucleosynthesis models. Using intense bremsstrahlung produced at the superconducting electron linear accelereator ELBE at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf we investigated (gamma,n), (gamma,p) and (gamma,alpha) reactions for the medium-mass p-nuclei 92Mo and 144Sm, as well as (gamma,n) reactions for 100Mo and 154Sm by photo-activation. The lowest photoactivation yields have been measured in an underground laboratory. The photodisintegration of 197Au serves as a benchmark and it is compared to data measured previously with the positron annihilation technique.

Keywords: p-nuclei nuclear astrophysics disintegration photonuclear

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Spring Meeting of the German and the European Physical Society, 16.-20.03.2009, Bochum, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12911
Publ.-Id: 12911


Time-resolved infrared and Terahertz spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum structures

Schneider, H.

This talk summarizes our activities in nonlinear laser spectroscopy using the free-electron laser at FZD and tabletop lasers. Our research concentrates on III-V semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices. In particular, I will focus on pump-probe spectroscopy, two-photon absorption, and photocurrent autocorrelation involving intersubband transitions in quantum wells at mid-infrared wavelengths, and discuss a concept for scalable photoconductive Terahertz emitters.

Keywords: intersubband transition; two-photon detection; terahertz

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar, Xi’an University of Technology, 22.06.2009, Xi'an, China
  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 22.06.2009, Xi'an, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12910
Publ.-Id: 12910


Quantum well infrared photodetectors for dual-band thermal imaging and two-photon detection

Schneider, H.

Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) provide unique opportunities for high-performance thermal imaging. Due to their narrow absorption bands with relative spectral widths of the order of 10%, QWIPs are particularly suitable for thermal imaging applications involving several atmospheric transmission bands or several colors within the same band. For dual-band/dual-color FPAs, QWIP technology has the unique property that the active region for the long-wavelength band is transparent for the short-wavelength band. Narrow intersubband transition linewidths also enable us to enhance resonantly the cross section for two-photon-absorption by several orders of magnitude. This approach results in particularly sensitive quadratic two-photon detectors, which are useful for pulse diagnostics and photon correlation measurements of mid-infrared laser sources. In the first part of this talk, I will report on QWIP structures optimized for thermal imaging applications and on the performance of QWIP thermal imagers which were jointly realized by the Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (Freiburg, Germany) and AIM Infrarot-Module GmbH (Heilbronn, Germany). In particular, a dual-band QWIP FPA with 384x288 pixels detecting simultaneously in the 8 – 12 µm long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) and 3 – 5 µm mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) regimes was found to exhibit a noise-equivalent temperature difference as low as 20.6 mK in the LWIR and 26.7 mK in the MWIR spectral bands. The array, which is based on a photoconductive QWIP for the MWIR and a photovoltaic "low-noise" QWIP for the LWIR, allows for synchronous and pixel-registered image acquisition in both bands. This functionality yields several advantages, including better distinction between target and background clutter, operation in a much wider range of ambient conditions, and the ability of remote absolute temperature measurement. The second part of my talk will address quadratic detection involving two-photon transitions in specially designed QWIP structures. These two-photon QWIPs are exploited in autocorrelation measurements of pulsed infrared sources including the free-electron laser FELBE in Dresden.

Keywords: quantum well infrared photodetector; dual-band QWIP focal plane array; intersubband transition; two-photon detection; quadratic autocorrelation

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    3rd International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging (ISPDI 2009), 17.-19.06.2009, Beijing, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12909
Publ.-Id: 12909


Comparison of detector systems for the separation of 36Cl and 36S with a 3-MV tandem

Orlowski, T.; Forstner, O.; Golser, R.; Kutschera, W.; Merchel, S.; Martschini, M.; Priller, A.; Steier, P.; Vockenhuber, C.; Wallner, A.

The possibility of detecting 36Cl for geological exposure dating has been explored for several years at VERA (the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator). First results on real samples were obtained with an ionization chamber (developed at the ETH/PSI, Zürich, Switzerland) with two anodes. To improve the suppression of 36S, we equipped the ionization chamber with an exit window and added a Time-of-Flight (TOF) system with a double-sided silicon strip detector (50x50 mm2) as stop detector. We optimized the TOF setup by using silicon nitride foils to reduce scattering tails in the energy spectra.
At 3 MV terminal voltage, corresponding to a particle energy of 24 MeV of 36Cl7+, we achieved a 36S7+-suppression of 21500 (50% 36Cl-detector-efficiency).

Keywords: accelerator mass spectrometry; surface exposure dating; AMS

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12908
Publ.-Id: 12908


The SPIRIT project: Fast ions for everybody in Europe

Möller, W.; Kolitsch, A.; Merchel, S.; Zier, M.; The Spirit Consortium, W. S.-I. E.

The EC-funded project SPIRIT (Support of Public and Industrial Research using Ion beam Technology) [1] started in March 2009. It will provide free transnational access to European ion beam infrastructures for users from research and industry. Besides we will improve the methods and tools for ion-beam based analysis and processing of materials by helping European researchers to carry out state-of-the-art multidisciplinary scientific and technological research.
SPRIT partners are eleven leading ion beam facilities, i.e.
• FZD Dresden-Rossendorf (management), Germany*
• Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan, France*
• Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, Caen & Service de Recherche en Métallurgie Physique, Saclay, France*
• Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Portugal
• Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia*
• Katholieke Universitet Leuven, Belgium*
• Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
• Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Great Britain*
• Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
• Universität der Bundeswehr, München, Germany*
• Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Within the project the partners use and provide fast ions (10 keV-100 MeV) for the purpose of modification and analysis of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and nanostructured systems. The partners themselves and their external users focus on fundamental and applied research spanning from material sciences over life, environmental and Earth sciences to investigations of objects from art and cultural heritage.
For example, element distributions can be determined non-destructively and standard-free by mean of ion beam analysis (IBA) including Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA), Particle-Induced X-Ray (PIXE) and Gamma-Emission (PIGE) [2]. All natural-occurring elements are accessible; most elements with lateral, some in 3-D resolution (depth-range: nm-µm; depth-resolution: 0.5-30 nm). Typical detection limits are 10 µg/g (H), 500 µg/g - 1% (He-O), 1 µg/g (F), 10-100 µg/g (Na-U).
Seven SPIRIT partners – those marked above with a * – provide transnational access to researchers from the European Community. Help is provided to external users during planning, performance and evaluation of their research projects. Proposals [3] for running experiments in person (“hands-on”) or remote services are selected after a formal reviewing and ranking following scientific criteria as innovation/originality by an international expert panel. All costs including travel for external users are covered by the EC.
References: [1] www.spirit-ion.eu, contract number 227012. [2] C. Neelmeijer et al., this meeting. [3] http://www.spirit-ion.eu/Project/Transnational-Access/Application-Form.html.

Keywords: PIXE; PIGE; ion beam analysis; RBS; ERDA; NRA

  • Poster
    GDCh-Wissenschaftsforum Chemie 2009, 30.08.-02.09.2009, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12907
Publ.-Id: 12907


Optimized Detector Configurations for Particle Emission Tomography

Fiedler, F.; Braess, H.; Kunath, D.; Laube, K.; Parodi, K.; Priegnitz, M.; Shakirin, G.; Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Keywords: PT PET; ion therapy

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Heavy Ions in Therapy and Space Symposium 2009, 06.-10.07.2009, Köln, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12906
Publ.-Id: 12906


Saturable absorption mode-locking based on intersubband transitions in quantum wells at 2 μm

Yang, K.; Ruf, H.; Neuhaus, J.; Dekorsy, T.; Villas-Boas Grimm, C.; Helm, M.; Heumann, E.; Huber, G.; Biermann´, K.; Künzel, H.

Saturable absorption mode-locking based on intersubband transitions in quantum wells at 2 μm.

Keywords: intersubband; laser; mode locking

  • Lecture (Conference)
    CLEO Europe, 14.-19.06.2009, München, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12905
Publ.-Id: 12905


Investigation of the Formation of Fe-filled Carbon Nanotubes

Reuther, H.; Müller, C.; Leonhardt, A.; Kutz, M. C.

The formation of Fe-filled carbon nanotubes by thermal decomposition of ferrocene combined with a Fe-catalyst-nanostructuring on an oxidized Si substrate is investigated in the temperature range of 1015 – 1200 K. The optimal growth conditions for aligned and homogeneous carbon nanotubes are found at 1100 K. Mössbauer spectroscopy (both in transmission geometry and CEMS) was used to analyze and quantify the different formed Fe-phases. In general, a-Fe, g-Fe and Fe3C are found to form within the carbon nanotubes. Depending on the growth conditions their fractions vary strongly. Moreover, an alignment of the a-Fe in the tubes could be detected.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 217(2010), 012098
  • Poster
    International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect, 19.-24.07.2009, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12904
Publ.-Id: 12904


Kaons and Antikaons in Nuclear Matter: AA vs. pA Collisions

Schade, H.

Kaons and Antikaons in Nuclear Matter: AA vs. pA Collisions

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Gemeinsame DPG Frühjahrstagung mit der European Physical Society (EuNPC) Frühjahrstagung 2009, 18.03.2009, Bochum, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12903
Publ.-Id: 12903


Transport model calculations for HADES

Schade, H.

Transport model calculations for HADES

  • Lecture (others)
    WIP, 30.01.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12902
Publ.-Id: 12902


Transport Models for Heavy-Ion Collisions

Schade, H.

Transport Models for Heavy-Ion Collisions

  • Lecture (Conference)
    ENLITE 2009, 03.04.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12901
Publ.-Id: 12901


Comparative investigation of the limiting solution species [U(CO3)5]6- and the crystal structure of Na6[U(CO3)5]•12H2O

Hennig, C.; Ikeda-Ohno, A.; Emmerling, F.; Kraus, W.; Bernhard, G.

The coordination of the limiting U(IV) carbonate species in aqueous solution was investigated by comparing its structure parameters with those of the complex preserved in a crystal structure. The solution species was obtained in a aqueous solution of 0.05 M U(IV) and 1 M NaHCO3. Single crystals of Na6[U(CO3)5]•12H2O were obtained directly from this mother solution. The U(IV) carbonate complex in the crystal structure was identified as [U(CO3)5]6 anionic complex. This monomeric complex forms a network with charge compensating Na+ cations and H2O ligands. The interatomic distances around the U(IV) coordination polyhedron show average distances of U-O = 2.461(8) Å, U-C = 2.912(4) Å and U-Odist = 4.164(6) Å. U L3edge EXAFS spectra were collected from the solid Na6[U(CO3)5]•12H2O and the corresponding solution. In both samples, the first shell of the Fourier transforms (FTs) revealed ten oxygen atoms at an average distance of 2.450.02 Å, the second shell originates from five carbon atoms with a U-C distance of 2.910.02 Å, and the third shell was fit with single and multiple scattering paths of the distal oxygen at 4.170.02 Å. These data indicate the identity of the [U(CO3)5]6 complex in solid and solution state. The high negative charge of the [U(CO3)5]6 anion is compensated by Na+ cations. In solid state the Na+ cations form a bridging network between the [U(CO3)5]6 units, while in liquid state they seem to be located closer at the anionic complex. The average metal-oxygen distances of the coordination polyhedron show a linear correlation to the radius contraction of the neighbour actinide(IV) ions and indicate the equivalence of the [An(CO3)5]6 coordination within the series of thorium, uranium, neptunium and plutonium.

Keywords: U(IV) carbonate species; EXAFS; XRD

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12900
Publ.-Id: 12900


Double photoexcitation of 2p and 4f electrons in curium

Hennig, C.; Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L.

The L3-edge x-ray absorption spectrum of the aqua trivalent Cm ion in aqueous solution exhibits a double photoexcitation involving 2p and 4f electrons. The sharp resonance structure of the multielectron excitation reveals a shake-up process at 508.110 eV. The data indicate a monotonic increase of the [2p4f] excitation energy between elements of sixth period (Au, Hg, Pb, and Bi) and the early actinides (Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am and Cm).

Keywords: Curium; EXAFS; multielectron excitation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12899
Publ.-Id: 12899


Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials

Möller, W.; Rauschenbach, B.; (Editors)

It is our pleasure to publish the Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2008), which was held at the Lecture Hall Centre of the Technische Universität at Dresden, Germany, from August 31 to September 5, 2008, under the common organization by the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany and the Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung, Leipzig, Germany.
The biannual IBMM International Conference Series looks back on a 30-years history starting in 1978, being considered as the major international forum to present and discuss recent results in ion-related materials research and to point into the future of the field. It assembles physicists, chemists, material scientists and engineers from all over the world and along the whole chain from basic research to industrial production.

  • Book (Editorship)
    Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V. in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 2009
    544 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12898
Publ.-Id: 12898


A Comparative Complexation Study on Np(V) Interactions with Bacterial Cell Wall Compartments and Bioligands Secreted by Microbes

Moll, H.; Barkleit, A.; Bernhard, G.

Microorganisms, microbial components, biopolymers and bioligands secreted by microbes have a great potential to influence the behavior of actinides in the environment. Functional groups provided by both lipopolysaccharide (LPS: main part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria), and peptidoglycan (PG: main part of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria) are very effective in complexing uranium(VI) over a wide pH range (2.0 to 9.0) [1, 2]. The main functionalities for uranyl binding are phosphoryl and carboxyl groups of LPS and carboxyl groups of PG. The aerobic soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (CCUG 32456 A) isolated from the aquifers at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden secretes pyoverdins. These unique bioligands have a high potential to bind uranium(VI) and curium(III) mainly due to their hydroxamate and catecholate functionalities [3, 4]. However, the interaction of neptunium(V) with both microbial cell wall components (LPS, PG) and secreted bioligands (PYO) are unknown. To address this lack, we thus present findings regarding the complexation of neptunium(V) with LPS, PG, and P. fluorescens (CCUG 32456) pyoverdins (PYO) obtained using near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy.
The spectrophotometric titrations of the Np(V)-LPS system showed a dominant neptunyl(V) coordination to phosphoryl groups between pH 4 and 8 followed by hydroxyl interactions in the alkaline pH range. A very low affinity of Np(V) to interact with the carboxyl groups of PG was measured. Strong Np(V)-pyoverdin species of the type MxLyHz could be identified from the spectrophotometric titrations. Remarkable was that the influence of Np(V)-pyoverdin species could already be detected under equimolar conditions.
Estimates are possible, on the basis of the determined stability constants, if neptunium(V) prefers to interact with the microbial cell wall (LPS), with biopolymers (PG) or with the secreted pyoverdin bioligands (PYO). The calculations were performed using nearly equimolar conditions of Np(V) and functional groups of the biosystems. More than 80% of all Np(V) is bound to pyoverdin species at pH 8 compared to ~37% bound to LPS and less than 1% bound to PG. This shows both the high affinity of neptunium(V) to bioligands containing hydroxamate and catecholate groups and the importance of indirect interaction processes between neptunium(V) and bioligands secreted by resident microbes.

[1] A. Barkleit, H. Moll, G. Bernhard, Dalton Trans. 2879-2886 (2008).
[2] A. Barkleit, H. Moll, G. Bernhard, Dalton Trans. published online: DOI 10.1039/b818702a (2009).
[3] H. Moll, M. Glorius, G. Bernhard, A. Johnsson, K. Pedersen, M. Schäfer, H. Budzikiewicz, Geomicrobiol. J. 25, 157-166 (2008).
[4] H. Moll, A. Johnsson, M. Schäfer, K. Pedersen, H. Budzikiewicz, G. Bernhard, Biometals 21, 219-228 (2008).

This work was funded by the BMWi under contract number: 02E9985.

Keywords: Neptunium; NIR; Spectroscopy; Bioligands; Pyoverdins; LPS; PG; Complexation

  • Contribution to proceedings
    4th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry (APSORC' 09), 29.11.-04.12.2009, Napa, California, USA
  • Lecture (Conference)
    4th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry (APSORC' 09), 29.11.-04.12.2009, Napa, California, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12897
Publ.-Id: 12897


Wie man schwarze Löcher füttert - Theorien und Experimente zur Magnetorotationsinstabilität

Stefani, F.

Seit langem ist bekannt, dass die Magnetfelder von Planeten, Sternen und Galaxien durch den hydromagnetischen Dynamoeffekt erzeugt werden. Weniger bekannt ist die erstaunlich aktive Rolle, die Magnetfelder in der kosmischen Strukturbildung spielen. So sind die hohen Wachstumsraten von Sternen und Schwarzen Löchern nur erklärbar, wenn die Akkretionsscheiben, aus denen sie gefüttert werden, turbulent sind und damit Drehimpuls effektiv nach außen transportieren können. Die Ursache dieser Turbulenz liegt in der destabilisierenden Wirkung von Magnetfeldern auf rotierende Strömungen, die als Magnetorotationsinstabilität (MRI) bezeichnet wird. Der Vortrag gibt eine kurze Einführung in die Theorien zur Entstehung und Wirkung kosmischer Magnetfelder. Im Mittelpunkt stehen aber die Flüssigmetall-Experimente der letzten zehn Jahre, in denen Dynamoeffekt bzw. MRI untersucht worden sind, insbesondere das PROMISE-Experiment am Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Physikalisches Kolloquium, 23.06.2009, Ilmenau, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12895
Publ.-Id: 12895


The influence of bottom oxide thickness on the extraction of the trap energy distribution in SONOS (silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon) structures

Bernert, K.; Oestreich, C.; Bollmann, J.; Mikolajick, T.

The charge retention characteristics of SONOS (silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon) nonvolatile memory cells at elevated temperatures were investigated. Assuming the thermal excitation model to be the dominant charge loss mechanism, the trap energy distribution in the nitride was determined. We present an improved model which includes the influence of subsequent tunneling of the charge carriers through the bottom oxide after being thermally emitted into the conduction band of the silicon nitride. The trap energy distribution was evaluated from samples with different bottom oxide thicknesses. Using this model it was found that the detected trap energy distribution is nearly identical despite the different tunneling probabilities from the various bottom oxide thicknesses.

Keywords: SONOS memory devices; defect levels; trap energy distribution; silicon nitride

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12894
Publ.-Id: 12894


SIMS measurement of oxygen content in gamma-TiAl single crystals and polycrystalline alloys with Nb addition

Oswald, S.; Hermanna, R.; Schmidt, B.

The oxygen content of binary Ti45Al55 and ternary Ti44Al52Nb4 single crystals and polycrystalline alloys
was quantified with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using Cs+ primary ions. The SIMS measurements
were calibrated with respect to concentration and depth scale using oxygen implanted samples.
The measurements revealed considerably lower oxygen content in the ternary alloy indicating a protecting
impact of the Nb addition in grain boundaries against oxygen contamination. The relative strong
surface oxide layer thickness of the investigated samples was determined to about 1µm.

Keywords: Ti aluminides; Single crystals; Impurities

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12893
Publ.-Id: 12893


Boundary condition for Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconducting layers

Kolacek, J.; Lipavský, P.; Morawetz, K.; Brandt, E. H.

Electrostatic charging changes the critical temperature of superconducting thin layers. To understand the basic mechanism, it is possible to use the Ginzburg-Landau theory with the boundary condition derived by de Gennes from the BCS theory. Here we show that a similar boundary condition can be obtained from the principle of minimum free energy.
We compare the two boundary conditions and use the Budd-Vannimenus theorem as a test of approximations.

  • Physical Review B 79(2009), 174510-1-174510-6

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12892
Publ.-Id: 12892


Magnetic measurements as a sensitive tool for studying dehydrogenation processes in hydrogen storage materials

Menendez, E.; Garroni, S.; Lopez Ortega, A.; Estrader, M.; Liedke, M. O.; Fassbender, J.; Solsona, P.; Surinach, S.; Baro, M. D.; Nogues, J.

Magnetic characterization is shown to be a highly effective, nondestructive, and commonly available method to accurately assess dehydrogenation temperatures and further clarify the reaction mechanisms during dehydrogenation in systems with superconducting or ferromagnetic constituents. As examples, the dehydrogenation temperature of NaBH4 in a nanostructured NaBH4/MgH2 system and the dehydrogenation process of nanostructured Mg2CoH5, based on the superconducting and ferromagnetic properties of MO, and Co, respectively, are determined.

Keywords: hydrogen storage; superconductivity; ball-milling; nanocrystals; SQUID

  • Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114(2010)39, 16818-16822

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12891
Publ.-Id: 12891


Conserving T-matrix theory of superconductivity

Sopik, B.; Lipavský, P.; Männel, M.; Morawetz, K.

A selfconsistent T-matrix theory of many-Fermion systems is proposed. In the normal state the theory agrees with the Galitskii-Feynmann approximation, in the superconducting state it has the form of the renormalized Kadanoff-Martin approximation. The two-particle propagator satisfies the Baym-Kadanoff symmetry condition which guarantees that the theory conserves the number of particles, momentum and energy. The theory is developed for retarded interactions leading to the Eliashberg theory in the approximation of a single pairing channel.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12890
Publ.-Id: 12890


Hydrogen micro-kinetics in titanium under mechanical stress studied by ion beam analysis

Wang, T. S.; Lv, H. Y.; Grambole, D.; Yang, Z.; Peng, H. B.; Han, Y. C.

Hydrogen (H) is continuously produced by the large dose fast neutron irradiation on fusion reactor material. The concentration, diffusion and evolution of H in the structure material may cause H-embrittlement. Ion beam analysis is one of the most useful methods for studying the micro-kinetics of H in solids. In this work, the H-distribution in titanium (Ti) has been studied by resonance nuclear reaction analysis (resonance-NRA) and micro-elastic recoil detection analysis (micro-ERDA). The evolution of H-depth-profile in titanium samples has been studied versus the change of normal stress. Evident H diffusion has been observed, while a normal stress is changed in the range of 107-963 MPa. The H diffusion is related to the concentration of H in samples.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12889
Publ.-Id: 12889


Self-organized ripple patterns by ion erosion - experiment, theory, and application

Keller, A.; Facsko, S.; Möller, W.

It is well known that oblique low and medium energy (typically 0.1 – 100 keV) ion erosion of solid surfaces can lead to the formation of periodic ripple patterns with wavelengths ranging from 10 to 1000 nm. These ripple structures have been found on a large variety of materials, including semiconductors, metals, and insulators. The formation and early evolution of the ripple patterns can be described by a linear continuum equation derived by Bradley and Harper. At longer times, however, nonlinear terms have to be taken into account, leading to nonlinear models based on the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.
This talk will provide an overview of ion-induced pattern formation and summarize the theoretical basics. Recent experimental results on the evolution of nanoscale ripple patterns on silicon surfaces during high-fluence ion sputtering will be presented and compared to the predictions of different continuum models. In addition, promising applications of nanorippled substrates as templates in thin film growth will be discussed.

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar, 16.06.2009, Wien, Austria

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12888
Publ.-Id: 12888


Photoluminescence enhancement in Si+ implanted PMMA

Tsvetkova, T.; Balabanov, S.; Avramov, L.; Borisova, E.; Angelov, I.; Sinning, S.; Bischoff, L.

Silicon ion implantation effects on the optical and photoluminescence (PL) properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have been studied. Low-energy ion implantation (E = 30-50 keV) was carried out over a range of different ion fluences (D = 10(13)-10(17) cm(-2)). Visible PL and optical transmission spectra in the range (330-800 nm) have been measured. The existing visible range PL emission in the unimplanted PMMA samples is clearly affected by the Si+ ion implantation and the observed modification effect of photoluminescence enhancement (PLE) is essentially dependent on the implantation fluence. For certain fluences, dependent on the ion energy, the overall amplitude of the PL emission has a several times (similar to 5 times) increase. Optical absorption also gradually increases with the fluence.

Keywords: Si -implantation; PMMA; Photoluminescence

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12887
Publ.-Id: 12887


The correlation between mechanical stress, thermal shift and refractive index in HfO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and SiO2 layers and its relation to the layer porosity

Stenzel, O.; Wilbrandt, S.; Kaiser, N.; Vinnichenko, M.; Munnik, F.; Kolitsch, A.; Chuvilin, A.; Kaiser, U.; Ebert, J.; Jakobs, S.; Kaless, A.; Wüthrich, S.; Treichel, O.; Wunderlich, B.; Bitzer, M.; Grössl, M.

We present extended experimental material about optical and mechanical properties of oxide optical coating materials, deposited by electron beam evaporation, ion and plasma ion assisted evaporation, sputtering and ion plating. A clear correlation between these experimental data is established and understood as being caused by the different degree of the porosity of the films. This assumption has been verified by investigation of the layer structure and accompanying simulations of the effect of porosity on refractive index, layer stress and thermal shift. As a practical conclusion, we find that a certain pore fraction in the films is essential in order to get a valuable balance between optical and mechanical coating properties.

Keywords: metal oxide films; electron beam evaporation; ion and plasma assisted evaporation; magnetron sputtering; ion plating; high-refractive index; low extinction; mechanical properties

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12886
Publ.-Id: 12886


Sorption properties of the NaBH4/MgH2 system: dehydrogenation mechanism and pathway

Garroni, S.; Menendez, E.; Lopez Ortega, A.; Estrader, M.; Milanese, C.; Nolis, P.; Nogues, J.; Surinach, S.; Baro, M. D.

Nanostructured NaBH4/MgH2 composites have established themselves as promising materials for hydrogen storage applications due to their high gravimetric capacity, large hydrogen volumetric density and rather low dehydrogenation temperature compared to that one corresponding to the single compounds. Actually, further research on the NaBH4/MgH2 system could lead to an enhanced understanding of more complex reactive hydride composites, such as Ca(BH4)2/MgH2 or LiBH4/MgH2.

As-received NaBH4 and MgH2 powders were mixed, in a 2 to 1 molar ratio (2NaBH4/MgH2) and ball-milled to obtain nanostructured composites. The milling processes were carried out for diverse times, under Ar atmosphere, in a Spex mill with a ball-to-powder mass ratio of 10:1.

In-situ synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction indicates that the dehydrogenation process starts at around 210 C, with the desorption of the MgH2 to Mg, and rpoceeds with the chemical dismutation of NaBH4 in NaH and a possible intermediate specie, such as Na2B12H12. In fact, solid-NMR seems to confirm the existence of the transitional compound. However, the temperature onset of the dehydrogenation process of the NaBH4 counterpart has not yet been fully elucidated and, since it is difficutls to establish from either x-ray diffraction or thermogravimetric analyiss, magnetic hcaracterization is proposed as an alternative technique, which takes advantage of the superconducting nature of the MgB2 phase, to further study dehydrogenation processes.

Keywords: hydrogen storage; XRD; magnetic characterization; ball-milling

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2009 MRS Fall Meeting, 30.11.-04.12.2009, Boston, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12885
Publ.-Id: 12885


Verfahren zur Bewegungskorrektur

van den Hoff, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    19. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin Sachsens, 19.-20.06.2009, Nimbschen, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12884
Publ.-Id: 12884


Neue Radiotracer für die Tumorbildgebung

Pietzsch, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    19. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin Sachsens, 19.-20.06.2009, Nimbschen, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12883
Publ.-Id: 12883


Onkologische Pharmazie versus Radiopharmazie

Steinbach, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Onkologisch-pharmazeutischer Fachkongress, 12.-13.06.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12882
Publ.-Id: 12882


Labelling of bio-macromolecules: Challenge in radiolabelling for radiopharmacy

Steinbach, J.

Over the last two decades, radiolabeled antibodies and peptides have been introduced in research and in clinical application of nuclear medicine. Such substances are utilized for tumor targeting as radiotracers and for therapeutic purposes as well. Labelling of such substances with PET radionuclides such as F-18 offers the chance of introduction the label without drastic changes of the molecular properties in conjunction with highest image quality, i.e. high diagnostic value. Radiometal-labeled bioactive substances offer both: The possibility of diagnostics and therapeutic intervention as well. However, the labelling procedure is a considerable alteration of the molecules radiopharmacological properties. This is due to the need of introducing a chelating moiety to bind the radiometals kinetically and thermodynamically inert. Beside this geometric impact, the labelling conditions are of highest importance. Whereas peptides may withstand rather drastic conditions, proteins e.g. antibodies need ambient labelling conditions such as aqueous solution, room temperature, near physiological pH. Furthermore, various proteins tend to coagulate in the presence of heavy metals as radio-copper.
The talk will present such results of scientific investigations at the Institute of Radiopharmacy during the last five years. This involves the application of established methods such as the use of [18F]SFB (N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate) for labelling of biomolecules, the development of alternative labelling agents/prosthetic groups as well as current efforts to establish methods for pre- and postlabelling with radiometals. All these investigations are directed to corresponding applications with biomolecules and bioactive compounds, respectively.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    16th Biennial Congress of the György Hevesy Hungarian Society of Nuclear Medicine (MONT), 02.-04.07.2009, Debrecen, Hungary
  • Open Access Logo Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuclear Medicine Review 12(2009)1, 31
    ISSN: 1506-9680

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12881
Publ.-Id: 12881


18F-Radiotracer: Von der Grundlagenchemie zur Anwendungsrelevanz

Steinbach, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Pharmazeutisch-lebensmittelchemisches Kolloquium, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 23.09.2009, Münster, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12880
Publ.-Id: 12880


Electromagnetic flow control during solidification of AlSi-alloys using time-modulated AC magnetic fields

Räbiger, D.; Nikrityuk, P. A.; Leonhardt, M.; Eckert, S.; Eckert, K.

This paper considers the directional solidification of Al-Si alloys from a water cooled copper chill. Melt stirring during solidification has been realised by utilising time-modulated AC magnetic fields in two different variants: (1) an RMF applied in form of a pulse sequence with a periodic inversion of the direction of rotation between two consecutive pulses and (2) a combination of rotating (RMF) and travelling magnetic fields (TMF), whereas both fields are implemented subsequently in form of rectangular pulses. Our results demonstrate that the melt agitation using modulated magnetic fields offers a considerable potential for a well-aimed modification of casting properties by an effective control of the flow field, but, this goal requires an optimisation of the magnetic field onfiguration with respect to the particular solidification parameters.

Keywords: electromagnetic melt stirring; rotating magnetic field (RMF); travelling magnetic field (TMF); solidification; grain refinement

  • Contribution to proceedings
    EPM 2009, 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 20.-22.10.2009, Dresden, Germany, pp. 624-627
  • Lecture (Conference)
    EPM 2009, 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 20.-22.10.2009, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12879
Publ.-Id: 12879


Comparison of the structural developments in the C:Ni films grown by ion beam sputtering and pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc

Abrasonis, G.; Kovacs, G. J.; Ryves, L.; Mücklich, A.; Krause, M.; Munnik, F.; Oates, T. W. H.; Bilek, M. M. M.; Kolitsch, A.; Möller, V.

he structure of C:Ni nanocomposite thin films grown by ion beam sputtering (IBS) and pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc (PFCVA) is compared. The films were grown in the temperature (T) and Ni concentration ranges of RT-500C and 7-40 at.%, respectively. The composition of the films and elemental depth profiles were determined by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). The morphology and phase composition were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, respectively. Independent of the growth method the Ni dispersed phase is carbidic for T<=300C and mostly fcc metallic at higher deposition temperatures. In the C:Ni films grown by IBS the transition from globular towards columnar growth occurs at 200

  • Lecture (Conference)
    E-MRS 2009 Spring Meeting,, 08.-12.06.2009, Strasbourg, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12878
Publ.-Id: 12878


Grain refinement in Al-Si Alloys by inoculation and electromagnetic stirring

Räbiger, D.; Metan, V.; Leonhardt, M.; Eigenfeld, K.; Eckert, S.

The present study concerns the directional solidification of grain-refined and non-refined AlSi7 alloys under the influence of a travelling magnetic field (TMF). An upwards travelling field has been applied to provide a forced convection within the solidifying melt. The formation of a fine equiaxed structure is favoured by both the addition of grain refining AlTi5B1-particles and electromagnetic stirring as well, whereas the addition of grain refiners into the melt appears to be more efficient for achieving a reduction of the mean grain size. A minimum grain size has been observed of the electromagnetic agitation of a grain-refined alloy. A melt stirring by a sufficiently high magnetic field provides a homogeneous grain size distribution in the sample volume.

Keywords: grain refinement; solidification; electromagnetic stirring; travelling magnetic field (TMF)

  • Contribution to proceedings
    EPM 2009, 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 20.-22.10.2009, Dresden, Germany, pp. 334-337
  • Poster
    EPM 2009, 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 20.-22.10.2009, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12877
Publ.-Id: 12877


Liquid metal flow in a cylinder during the spin-up of a rotating magnetic field

Räbiger, D.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

This experimental study is concerned with the secondary meridional flow during the time if the fluid spins up from rest. A cylindrical cavity with an aspect ratio of unity is filled with liquid metal and suddenly exposed to an azimuthal body force generated by a rotating magnetic field (RMF). Vertical profiles of the axial velocity have been measured by means of the ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. Our experimental results show an excellent agreement with recently published numerical results with respect to the laminar spin-up and the onset of linear three-dimensional instabilities in RMFdriven flows.

Keywords: spin-up; rotating magnetic field (RMF); time-modulated RMF

  • Contribution to proceedings
    EPM 2009, 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 20.-22.10.2009, Dresden, Germany, pp. 69-72
  • Lecture (Conference)
    EPM 2009, 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 20.-22.10.2009, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12876
Publ.-Id: 12876


Quantitative ion beam analysis of ultra thin films with magnetic spectrometers using heavy MeV ions

Kosmata, M.; Grötzschel, R.; Munnik, F.; Vieluf, M.; Möller, W.

The aim of a combination of magnetic spectrometers with ion beam analysis techniques is to measure concentration profiles in thin layers with sub-nanometer depth resolution. For these measurements heavy ions from a MV-ion accelerator are directed to the sample. Scattered primary ions or ejected recoil atoms are detected and energy analysed under forward angles. The depth resolution depends directly on the energy resolution of the spectrometer. High energy resolution can only be obtained using magnetic particle spectrometers, where the energy measurement is transformed into a position measurement at the focal plane.
The depth scale is provided by the stopping power of energetic heavy ions moving in matter. The yet produced data are only valid for dynamic charge state equilibrium due to electron loss and capture along the ion trajectory. In the case of ultra thin layers the path length of the particles are too short to achieve this equilibrium. Since magnetic spectrometers separate particles with identical energy but different charge states, it is necessary to consider charge state dependent stopping cross sections for quantitative data analysis. Here only very few data are available in the literature.
In this work, we introduce quantitative ion beam analysis of ultra thin films with magnetic spectrometers.
1. the Quadruple-Quadrupole-Dipole-Sextupole spectrometer “Little John” to measure concentration profiles and charge state distribution of light ions.
2. The Browne-Buechner spectrometer, which is designed to measure samples with heavy atoms.

Keywords: magnetic spectrometer; ion beam analysis; concentration profile; thin layer; high resolution; nonequilibrium charge state; QQDS; Little John

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    5th International Workshop on High-Resolution Depth Profiling, 15.-19.11.2009, Kyoto, Japan

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12875
Publ.-Id: 12875


Ionenstrahlanalyse ultradünner Schichten mit Nanometertiefenauflösung

Kosmata, M.; Grambole, D.; Grötzschel, R.; Möller, W.; Munnik, F.; Neelmeijer, C.; Vieluf, M.

Die quantitative Elementanalytik von Schichten und Schichtabfolgen im Dickenbereich weniger Nanometer ist in den letzten Jahren in den Fokus aktueller Forschung gerückt. Im Mittelpunkt dieser materialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen steht die Bestimmung von Tiefenverteilungen von Elementen in dünnen Schichten, die durch spezielle Abscheideverfahren oder nachfolgende Prozessschritte wie Temperung erzielt werden, aber auch der Nachweis unbeabsichtigter Kontamination in den Schichten. Daraus können Informationen im Hinblick auf gezielte Materialentwicklung gewonnen werden und die Qualität bestehender Prozessführungen lässt sich bewerten.
Die meisten konventionellen (nicht nuklearen) Analyseverfahren sind zur Quantifizierung ihrer Ergebnisse in der Regel auf Referenzmaterialien (gleicher Matrix) angewiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu kann die Ionenstrahlanalyse (ion beam analysis, IBA) standardfrei betrieben werden. Der physikalische Prozess, auf der alle Methoden der IBA beruhen, ist die binäre Wechselwirkung von MeV-Ionen mit den Atomkernen in den Schichten. Diese Wechselwirkung, elastische Streuung oder Kernreaktion, ist einfach und genau beschreibbar; kollektive Matrixeffekte treten dabei nicht auf.
Am Ionenstrahlzentrum des Forschungszentrums Dresden-Rossendorf kommen hauptsächlich drei Analysemethoden zur Anwendung:
• Kernreaktionsanalyse (Nuclear Reaction Analysis, NRA) zum tiefenabhängigen Nachweis von Wasserstoff über die resonante Kernreaktion 1H(15N,αγ)12C*
• Rutherford-Rückstreuspektrometrie (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, RBS) insbesondere zur Detektion von Elementen mit Ordnungszahlen Z > 14
• Detektion elastisch rückgestossener Atome (Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis, ERDA) zum Nachweis leichter Elemente mit Z = 2-14 (He-Si)
Die zur Messung ultradünner Schichten mit RBS und ERDA erforderliche Tiefenauflösung (< 1 nm) kann mit Teilchenspektrometern mit höchster Energieauflösung erreicht werden.
.

Keywords: Nanometer; subnanometer; ultradünn; ultra dünn; ultra thin; standardfrei; Ionenstrahlanalyse; ion beam analysis; IBA; Kernreaktionsanalyse; muclear reaction analysis; NRA; Wasserstoff; Wasserstoffnachweis; 1H(15N; αγ)12C; Rutherford-Rückstreuspektrometrie; Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry; RBS; Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis; ERDA; Tiefenauflösung; Spektrometer; Massenspektrometer; QQDS; Little John; Browne Buechner

  • Lecture (Conference)
    15. Tagung Festkörperanalytik, 12.-16.07.2009, Chemnitz, Deutschland
  • Poster
    15. Tagung Festkörperanalytik, 12.-16.07.2009, Chemnitz, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12874
Publ.-Id: 12874


Release of light elements from ultra thin films during high resolution depth profiling using heavy ion ERDA

Kosmata, M.; Grötzschel, R.; Munnik, F.; Vieluf, M.; Möller, W.

The modified QQDS magnetic spectrometer “Little John” [1] at the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is aimed to measure concentration profiles of light elements in thin layers with sub-nanometre depth resolution by Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). Of particular interest are various ultra thin films of metal oxides, nitrides and of carbon compounds. For these measurements heavy ions from the 5 MV-Tandem accelerator are directed to the sample. The ejected recoil atoms are detected and their energy is analysed under forward angles (15°, 30°, 45°, or 60°). Due to the low solid angle of the QQDS spectrometer of about 0.5 msr rather high fluences of initial heavy ions have to be applied. Therefore, special care must be taken to minimize layer deterioration and decomposition by preferential release of elements from the film. To identify optimum measurement conditions and perform final corrections for quantification of high resolution results, we studied the release of oxygen as a function of beam fluence. Thus, different oxides have been irradiated with Cl-, Cu- and I-ions in the energy range from 15 to 40 MeV. We could validate the earlier reported [2] dependency of oxygen loss on
• angle of incidence
• kind and energy of incoming ion
• stopping power
• layer thickness
for SiO2. Similar results have been yet found for La2O3. Further experiments on materials relevant for microelectronics as e.g. high k-dielectrics as HfO2 or ZrO2 are foreseen for the very near future and, thus, will be presented.

References: [1] H.J. Gils et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A276 (1989) 151. [2] W.M. Arnoldbik et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B203 (2003) 151.
.

Keywords: magnetic spectrometer; thin layers; thin films; high depth resolution; ERDA; elastic recoil detection; Little John; QQDS; quantification; release of oxygen; irradiation; electronic sputtering

  • Poster
    19th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis, 07.-11.09.2009, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12873
Publ.-Id: 12873


CONCAST: A liquid metal model for continuous steel casting

Timmel, K.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Claussner, J.; Schlenk, R.; Voigtländer, J.

Model experiments with low melting point liquid metals are an important tool to investigate the flow structure and related transport processes in melt flows being relevant for metallurgical applications. In this paper we present the new experimental facility CONCAST for modeling the continuous casting process of steel by using the low melting point alloy SnBi. The facility operates at temperatures of 200°C-400°C. Main parameters of the facility and dimensions of the test sections will be shown. The resultant possibilities with respect to flow investigations in tundish, submerged entry
nozzle and mould will be discussed.

Keywords: continuous casting; liquid metal model; flow investigation

  • Poster
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland, 251-254

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12872
Publ.-Id: 12872


Flow investigations in an isothermal liquid metal model of the continuous casting process

Timmel, K.; Galindo, V.; Miao, X.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

The main value of cold metal laboratory experiments consists in the capabilities to obtain quantitative flow measurements with a reasonable spatial and temporal resolution. First experimental results will be presented which have been obtained using a small-scale experimental set-up with the room temperature alloy GaInSn. Measurements of the liquid flow in the mold will be compared with accompanying numerical calculations. According to the concept of the electromagnetic brake the impact of a DC magnetic field on the outlet flow from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) has been studied.

Keywords: continuous casting; liquid metal model; flow measurement; ultrasound doppler velocimetry; electromagnetic brake

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland, 231-234

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12871
Publ.-Id: 12871


Fluorine-18 radiolabeling of native and oxidized proteins: An important tool in the pathophysiologists’ toolbox

Pietzsch, J.; Wuest, F.

The systematic development and improvement of a methodology for mild radiolabeling of both native and modified proteins with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18 (18F) under physiological conditions is reported. The presented methodology is an attractive alternative to protein and lipoprotein radiolabeling methods using iodine or metal radionuclides and, particularly, can be applied for functional characterization of both native and oxidized protein species in vivo by means of positron emission tomography (PET).

  • Chimica Oggi - Chemistry Today 27(2009), 12-14

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12869
Publ.-Id: 12869


Sorption of Np(V) and Np(IV) onto kaolinite: Effects of pH, ionic strength, carbonate and humic acid

Schmeide, K.; Bernhard, G.

The sorption of Np(V) and Np(IV) onto kaolinite has been studied in the absence and presence of humic acid (HA) in a series of batch equilibrium experiments under different experimental conditions: [Np]0: 1.0x10-6 or 1.0x10-5 M, [HA]0: 0 or 50 mg/L, I: 0.01 or 0.1 M NaClO4, solid to liquid ratio: 4 g/L, pH: 6-11, anaerobic or aerobic conditions.
The results showed that the Np(V) sorption onto kaolinite is effected by solution pH, ionic strength, Np concentration, presence of carbonate and HA. In the absence of carbonate, the Np(V) uptake increased with pH up to ~ 96% at pH 11. HA further increased the Np(V) sorption between pH 6 and 9 but decreased the Np(V) sorption between pH 9 and 11. In the presence of carbonate, the Np(V) sorption increased with pH and reached a maximum of 54% between pH 8.5 and 9. At higher pH values, the Np(V) sorption decreased due to the presence of dissolved neptunyl carbonate species with a higher negative charge that were not sorbed onto the kaolinite surface which is negatively charged in this pH range. HA again decreased the Np(V) uptake in the near-neutral to alkaline pH range due to formation of aqueous neptunyl humate complexes. The decrease of the initial Np(V) concentration from 1.0x10-5 M to 1.0x10-6 M led to a shift of the Np(V) adsorption edge to lower pH values. A higher ionic strength increased the Np(V) uptake onto kaolinite in the presence of carbonate but had no effect on Np(V) uptake in the absence of carbonate.
To the best of the author`s knowledge, the sorption of Np(IV) onto kaolinite in the presence of HA was studied the first time. For this, a synthetic HA with pronounced reducing properties was applied. This HA effectively reduced Np(V) to Np(IV) and stabilized the tetravalent oxidation state during sorption experiments over a wide pH range. The Np(IV) uptake onto kaolinite is strongly effected by HA. Especially in the near-neutral pH range the Np(IV) uptake was found to be very low in the presence of HA which was attributed to the strong Np(IV) humate complexation in solution.
Thus, depending on the prevailing geochemical conditions, HA has an immobilizing as well as a mobilizing effect on Np(V). In case of Np(IV), the mobilizing effect predominates.

Keywords: Neptunium; Adsorption; Tetravalent; Humic matter; Clay; Kaolinite

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12868
Publ.-Id: 12868


Resonant enhancement of second order sideband generation for intraexcitonic transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

Wagner, M.; Schneider, H.; Winnerl, S.; Helm, M.; Roch, T.; Andrews, A. M.; Schartner, S.; Strasser, G.

We present an experimental study on efficient second order sideband generation in symmetric undoped GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells. A near-infrared laser tuned to excitonic interband transitions is mixed with an in-plane polarized terahertz beam from a free-electron laser. The terahertz beam is tuned either to the intraexcitonic heavy-hole 1s-2p transition or to the interexcitonic heavy-hole light-hole transition. We find strong evidence that the intraexcitonic transition is of paramount influence on n=+-2 sideband generation, leading to an order-of-magnitude resonant enhancement of the conversion efficiency up to 0.1% at low temperature. At room temperature, the efficiency drops only by a factor of 7 for low terahertz powers.

Keywords: THz sidebands; nonlinear mixing; free-electron laser; FEL

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12867
Publ.-Id: 12867


High-resolution gas-oil two-phase flow visualization with a capacitance wire-mesh sensor

Da Silva, M. J.; Thiele, S.; Abdulkareem, L.; Azzopardi, B. J.; Hampel, U.

The application of a novel wire-mesh sensor based on electrical capacitance (permittivity) measurements for the investigation of gas-oil two-phase flow in a vertical pipe of 67 mm diameter under industrial operating conditions is reported in this article. The employed wire-mesh sensor can be operated at up to 5,000 frames per second acquisition speed and at a spatial resolution of 2.8 mm. By varying gas and liquid flow rates different flow patterns, such as bubbly, slug and churn flow, were produced and investigated. From the images of gas void fraction distribution quantitative flow structure information, such as time series of cross-sectional void fraction, radial void fraction profiles and bubble size distributions, was extracted by special image processing algorithms.

Keywords: wire-mesh sensor; phase distribution; two-phase flow; flow visualization; void fraction

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12866
Publ.-Id: 12866


Bedeutung von Experimenten für die Reaktorsicherheit

Teschendorff, V.; Glaeser, H.; Kliem, S.

Experimente waren von Beginn der Reaktortechnik an bis heute Grundlage der Sicherheit und können auch durch weiterentwickelte Rechenmethoden nicht vollständig ersetzt werden. Der Weiterbetrieb unserer laufenden Reaktoren muss von aktiver Sicherheitsforschung begleitet werden, die Experimente mit innovativer Messtechnik einschließt. Der Wirksamkeitsnachweis passiver Sicherheitseinrichtungen bei Gen-III Reaktoren basiert auf spezifischen Experimenten. Neue Experimente zur Sicherheit von Gen-IV-Reaktoren sind parallel zum Design durchzuführen. Deutsche Versuchsanlagen sind unverzichtbar zum Kompetenzerhalt und als Beitrag im internationalen Verbund.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2009, 12.-14.05.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2009, 12.-14.05.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
    Tagungsband der Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2009; Fachsitzung: Thermohydraulische Experimente für Reaktoren der Generation II - III, Berlin: INFORUM GmbH
  • atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power 55(2010)03, 163-173
    ISSN: 1431-5254

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12865
Publ.-Id: 12865


Ultra fast electron beam x-ray CT scanner for two phase flow measurement

Fischer, F.; Hampel, U.

Electron beam X-ray CT is a new technique for a fast measurement of multiphase flows with frame rates of 1000 images per second and more. It gives, in principle, quantitatively accurate images of the flow at high spatial resolution and it is non-intrusive since moderately radiation absorbing vessel walls can be penetrated by X-rays. However, on the road to a technical realisation of such a technique within a computed tomography system many problems have to be solved. As a first prototype for scientific flow measurement studies we devised and built a fast scanned electron beam X-ray tomography scanner. The scanner consists of an electron beam unit that can be operated at up to 150 kV acceleration voltage and up to 65 mA electron beam current, with the required electron optics for beam adjustment, beam focussing and beam deflection unit and a fast circular CZT detector comprising 240 elements of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm active pixel area. X-ray radiation is produced on a circular water cooled tungsten target The CT system achieves up to 7000 frames per second with a spatial resolution of 1 millimetre. First two-phase flow experiments have been carried out on gas-water flows in bubble columns. On the basis of these data we developed image processing algorithms which enable to extract information on bubble shapes, bubble size distributions and interfacial area density distribution. Further, a vertical test section made of titanium alloy has been installed at the TOPFLOW facility and will be used in the future to study the evolution of two-phase gas-water pipe flow at high pressures and temperatures.

Keywords: Two-phase flow; electron beam tomography; CFD code validation

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2009, 12.-14.05.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power (2009)7, 461-464

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12864
Publ.-Id: 12864


Correlation between morphology and bonding structure in titanium oxide films produced by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering

Gago, R.; Redondo-Cubero, A.; Vinnichenko, M.; Jiménez, I.; Czigány, Z.; Vázquez, L.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have been grown by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering (PMS) under different O2 partial pressures in an O2/Ar atmosphere. The films were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), grazingincidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RBS shows that stoichiometric TiO2 films are obtained even at low O2 fraction in the process gas (O2/Ar > 0.05). The formation of mixed or dominant amorphous, rutile and anatase atomic arrangements during PMS has been assessed by XANES and GIXRD as a function of the O2 partial pressure. Further, a clear structural evolution with film thickness (derived by SE) has been detected by AFM and TEM, its dynamics driven by the O2 availability in the gas. Interestingly, this evolution leads to a correlation between the surface morphology and the relative content of the rutile phase, resulting in a nanoscale lateral modulation of the surface properties. Growth experiments varying substrate temperature and bias voltage have been also conducted for further control over the film evolution and to deepen in the growth mechanisms.

Keywords: reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering; TiO2; rutile; anataze

  • Poster
    EMRS Spring Meeting 2009, 08.-12.06.2009, Strasbourg, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12863
Publ.-Id: 12863


Optical and magnetic properties of indium oxides implanted with Cr

Scarlat, C.; Zhou, S.; Vinnichenko, M.; Kolitsch, A.; Bürger, D.; Fassbender, J.; Potzger, K.; Shalimov, A.; Grenzer, J.; Helm, M.; Schmidt, H.

Dilute magnetic oxides are expected to play a key role in the development of electronics using the electron spin rather than its charge as information carrier. Indium oxide (IO), a transparent conductive material, is of potential interest for spintronics [1] due to its unique combination of magnetic, electrical, and optical properties. Highly oxygen deficient Cr:IO co-evaporated films revealed ferromagnetism [2]. In present work, we report the post-growth treatment effect on the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of Cr-implanted IO films. Cr is chosen as a dopant because of its large magnetic moment in the ionic state, and its antiferomagnetic nature in the bulk, ruling out the extrinsic origin of the ferromagnetism if Cr metal segregation occurs. It is non-trivial to form any ferromagnetic secondary phase of Cr oxide. Polycrystalline and amorphous, ca. 300 nm thick IO films were grown on SiO2/Si substrates using reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering and then implanted with Cr+ ions (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at% of Cr). The implantation energy was 120 keV. The magnetic-field dependence of magnetization of 2%Cr:IO showed a weak ferromagnetic behavior at 5K. A reasonable model for the Cr implanted IO films has been developed to extract optical constants from spectroscopic ellipsometry data below 3 eV. [1] C. Scarlat et al., Proceedings IBMM 2008, August 31- September 05, 2008, Dresden, Germany [2] J. Philip et al., Nature materials 5, 298 (2006).

  • Poster
    E-MRS 2009 Spring Meeting, 08.-12.06.2009, Strasbourg, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12862
Publ.-Id: 12862


Ultrasound Doppler array measurement system for two-dimensional flow investigations in liquid metals

Franke, S.; Büttner, L.; Czarske, J.; Räbiger, D.; Eckert, S.

This paper presents a specific ultrasound Doppler measurement system for investigations of the velocity field in electromagnetically driven liquid metal flows. Two orthogonally arranged ultrasound sensor line arrays facilitate a two-dimensional measurement of two velocity components (2d/2c) within a square area of 70 x 70 mm². The line array elements are controlled by a specific multiplex mode to achieve both a high spatial and a high temporal resolution. The sensor design, the control electronics and the mode of operation of the measurement system are described. Preliminary results of velocity measurements in a liquid metal flow driven by a rotating magnetic field (RMF) are presented.

Keywords: Liquid metal; flow measurement; Ultrasound Doppler method; Sensor array

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland, 978-3-936104-65-3, 411-414

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12861
Publ.-Id: 12861


Impact of wetting on velocity measurements in liquid metal flows

Eckert, S.; Buchenau, D.; Gerbeth, G.; Stefani, F.; Weiß, F.-P.; Wondrak, T.

Flow measurements are an important issue to ensure the safe and reliable operation of liquid metal systems. In many cases the measuring apparatus is influenced by the wetting between the metal melt to be measured and the sensor or the inner wall of the fluid vessel. In this presentation we report about specific experiences obtained from laboratory experiments using different measuring techniques in various liquid metal flows.

Keywords: Liquid metal; Wetting; Flow measurement; Ultrasound Doppler Method; Electromagnetic flow meter; Inductive flow tomography

  • Lecture (Conference)
    3rd International Seminar "Coolants and Innovative Reactor Technologies", 06.-07.07.2009, Aix-en-Provence, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12860
Publ.-Id: 12860


Micro-ERDA measurements of hydrogen distribution in natural Pd–Pt compounds

Munnik, F.; Cabral, A. R.; Lehmann, B.

Micro-ERDA is a unique technique for the measurement of the 2.5D distribution of hydrogen. In this work, this technique is applied to geological samples and in particular Pd–Pt-containing compounds found at the Serra Pelada Au–Pd–Pt deposit. This deposit triggered the most spectacular gold rush in the Amazon region of Brazil in recent history. The sample material is especially important because it represents a novel mineralization style of platinum-group elements.
The sample material was taken from a drill core, filled with resin since it was porous rock, cut and polished. The samples were analysed by simultaneous measurements of PIXE and ERDA with the Dresden-Rossendorf Nuclear Microprobe using a 2 MeV He ion beam. The angle of incidence between beam and sample surface was 15°. The PIXE maps were used to locate the areas of interest because the exact beam position on the target is very critical with this incidence angle. PIXE was also used to determine the matrix composition that is needed for the stopping power calculation in the ERDA analysis.
The results of the measurements and its interpretation are presented. The measurements confirm the presence of hydrogen in the Pd–Pt compounds (either as hydroxide, or hydrated oxide), so far only suspected, and help to better understand the formation process of Pd–Pt mineralization in oxic near-surface environments.

  • Poster
    19th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis, 07.-11.09.2009, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12859
Publ.-Id: 12859


Investigation of luminescence properties of dendritic ligands, molecular clips and flavylium salts by time resolved spectroscopy

Raditzky, B.

Photochemical and photophysical characterization of novel supramolecular host compounds: Dendritic cyclams, molecular clips and flavylium salts. Result overview of working group collaborations within the COST Action D31.

  • Poster
    COST Action D31 4th Workshop, 28.-30.05.2009, Warszawa, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12858
Publ.-Id: 12858


NanoFoto - Neue Wege zur verwertungsorientierten Netzwerkbildung in der Nanobiotechnologie (Schlussbericht)

Raff, J.; Günther, T.; Marquard, A.; Kutschke, S.; Pollmann, K.; Roos, S.; Hofinger, J.; Meyer, A.

Wissenschaftliches Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Entwicklung von fotokatalytisch aktiven Verbundmaterialien zum Abbau von organischen Verbindungen (z. B. Arzneistoffen) in Wasser. Diese Verbundmaterialien beruhen auf der Beschichtung von Trägermaterialien mit ZnO/TiO2-Nanopartikeln, die mit Hilfe von selbstorganisierenden bakteriellen Hüllproteinen (S-Layern) als Matrix hergestellt werden. Vorgesehen sind ein Up-Scaling der Biomasseproduktion, Entwicklung und Optimierung von Syntheseverfahren von ZnO-Nanopartikeln, Beschichtung von Trägermaterialien mit ZnO-Nanopartikeln, katalytische Tests. Durch die Beteiligung der Firmen Namos GmbH und UMEX GmbH wird die Überführung der Nanokatalysatoren in eine technische Nutzung vorbereitet, eine kontinuierliche Biomassegewinnung etabliert und optimiert. Weiteres Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Bildung eines verwertungsorientierten Netzwerks.

  • Other report
    Dresden: Schlussbericht, BMBF-Vorhaben 01SF0717 2009, 2009
    70 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12857
Publ.-Id: 12857


Dynamic surface barrier effects on hydrogen storage capacity in Mg-Ni films

Wirth, E.; Munnik, F.; Pranevicius, L. L.; Milcius, D.

Hydrogen distribution profiles in Mg-Ni films deposited on quartz substrate by the magnetron-sputter co-deposition of Mg and Ni atoms have been investigated after hydrogenation at 8 x 105 Pa hydrogen pressure at temperatures 210,230 and 250 degrees C during 1, 3,6 and 72 h using elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) methods. Oxygen distribution profiles in the near-surface region have been measured by ERDA. It is shown that hydrogen storage capacity decreases as hydrogenation temperature increases from 210 to 250 degrees C for fixed hydrogenation duration and changes not monotonously as function of hydrogenation time for a fixed temperature. To explain variations of storage capacity as function of hydrogenation temperature and time, the structural film changes have been studied by X-ray diffraction technique, and surface topography was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. We suggest that registered results may be explained on the basis of assumption about the dynamic properties of surfaces which modify the hydrogen uptake mechanism.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12856
Publ.-Id: 12856


Ion implantation enhanced formation of 3C-SiC grains at the SiO2/Si interface after annealing in CO gas

Pécz, B.; Stoemenos, J.; Voelskow, M.; Skorupa, W.; Dobos, L.; Pongrácz, A.; Battistig, G.

Silicon carbide with its hexagonal and cubic polytypes is one of the wide band-gap semiconductors used for high temperature applications. Obviously the growth of cubic SiC on Si would be very advantageous, because very large, high quality substrates would then be available at relatively low cost.

Keywords: 3C-SiC formation of carbide; ion implantation; annealing in CO

  • Contribution to proceedings
    16th International Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, 17.03.2009, Oxford, United Kingdom
    Ion implantation enhanced formation of 3C-SiC grains at the SiO2/Si interface after annealing in CO gas
  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 209(2010), 012045-1-012045-2
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/209/1/012045
    Cited 1 times in Scopus

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12855
Publ.-Id: 12855


Crossbeam processing for nano-structures on SOI substrates

Bischoff, L.; Schmidt, B.; Lange, H.; Donzev, D.

The further miniaturization of silicon nanomechanical structures in combination with the highly developed microelectronic technology at the micro- and nanometer level will lead to a new generation of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS). A modern technique to fabricate such three-dimensional structures is the combination of high-concentration p-type doping of silicon by high resolution writing implantation using a focused ion beam (FIB) and subsequent anisotropic and selective wet chemical etching. FIB-patterned and chemically etched 3D Si structures with nanoscale thickness and width have been fabricated using 30 keV Ga+ ion implantation (CANION 31Mplus and NVision40) followed by an anisotropic etching in KOH/H2O solution on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrates. This technology is combined with classical microelectronic techniques, like lithography and broad beam implantation working on a 4 inch wafer to increase the fabrication efficiency especially for the contact areas. Design, performance and fabrication considerations to achieve freestanding Si structures, like nanowires (NW) and -bridges are discussed and some typical structures are shown. Static electrical measurements are demonstrated among others a nano-thermometer, which reveal a broad spectrum in the field of sensor applications. To reduce the resistance the amorphous Si-NWs were covered by electron beam assisted deposition of a 30 nm Platinum film. The dynamic behaviour like resonance frequency was determined by AC excitation and laser interferometer measurements.

Keywords: FIB; etching; SOI wafer; nanowire; NEMS

  • Lecture (others)
    4. FIB-Workshop, Focused Ion Beams in Research, Science and Technology, 29.-30.06.2009, Halle/Saale, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12854
Publ.-Id: 12854


Alloy Liquid Metal Ion Source for Carbon Focused Ion Beams

Mazarov, P.; Wieck, A. D.; Bischoff, L.; Pilz, W.

An aluminium-carbon-cerium alloy Liquid Metal Ion Source (AlCCe LMIS) is presented for generating of focused ion beams of carbon ions as well as ionized clusters with a size of 2, 4 and 8 atoms. Emission current dependent measurements were carried out of the mass spectra and energy spread of all species, but focused to the carbon monomer ions and clusters. A FWHM of the energy distribution was determined to be 6.5 eV for the monomer carbon ion and 14 eV for the light clusters at an emission current of 5 µA. The source showed a good beam performance after inserting in a mass separated focused ion beam (FIB) system. Applications to graphene structures, organic matter and other carbon containing materials are promising tasks of the new carbon containing alloy LMIS.

Keywords: Carbon alloy LMIS; mass spectra; energy spread; FIB

  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 27(2009)6, L47-L49

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12853
Publ.-Id: 12853


Comparison of different tools to study gas-liquid flow

Abdulkareem, L. A.; Hernandez-Perez, V.; Azzopardi, B. J.; Sharaf, S.; Thiele, S.; Da Silva, M. J.

In an effort to obtain a comprehensive knowledge of gas-liquid flows, in this paper the use of different tools available at the University of Nottingham to study gas-liquid flow in pipes is presented, followed by a comparison of the instrumentation performance. Air-silicone oil is used as the working mixture. The tools are capacitance wire mesh sensor (WMS), electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), capacitance probes and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. This is supplemented by illustrations of the sort of information that have been obtained. In general the agreement in the comparison is fairly good. However, it is observed that the WMS provides a better spatial resolution than ECT (with a first order reconstruction method) and is excellent for measurement of bubbly flow parameters.

Keywords: Wire-mesh; ECT; capacitance; CFD

  • Contribution to proceedings
    7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 28.06.-03.07.2009, Krakow, Poland
    Proceedings of ExHFT-7, Krakow: AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 978-83-7464-235-4, 785-792
  • Lecture (Conference)
    7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 28.06.-03.07.2009, Krakow, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12852
Publ.-Id: 12852


Interrogation of gas/oil flow in a vertical pipe using two tomographic techniques

Abdulkareem, L. A.; J. Azzopardi, B.; Thiele, S.; Hunt, A.; Da Silva, M. J.

In the design of wells and risers it is important to understand the behaviour of the gas/liquid flows. The very complex nature of the interface between the phases can make observations very difficult with interfaces near the wall obscuring the phenomena occurring at the pipe centre. Here, two tomographic techniques are applied to the flow in a 67 mm internal diameter vertical pipe. One is Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) electrode system driven by Tomoflow electronic and employs two rings of eight electrodes each mount on the outside of the non-conducting pipe wall. Measurement of the capacitance between each electrode pair in a ring yield matrices of data which can yield time varying cross-sectionally resolved gas fraction and velocities data. The other technique, usually known as the Wire Mesh Sensor (WMS) approach developed at Forschungszentrum Rossendorf-Dresden, which had been previously applied and used in a two-phase flow facility at Nottingham for air/water, was used. In the present experiments a new, capacitance based version has been utilised. This employs two arrays of 24 wires stretched along regularly spaced chords. The second array is a few millimetres downstream of the first and positioned orthogonally to it. One array acts as the exciter and the other as the detector. Each exciter wire is pulsed in turn and the signal reaching every detector wire is monitored. The entire cross section is sampled at 1 kHz. Simultaneous measurements were made with the two techniques for gas superficial velocities of 0.05 – 4.7 m/s and liquid superficial velocities of 0 – 0.7 m/s with air and a silicone oil as the fluids. Bubble, slug and churn flows were identified from the characteristic signatures of the Probability Density Functions of the cross-sectionally averaged void fraction. Three-dimensional gas fraction data can be extracted. In addition, the detailed shape of individual large bubbles has been extracted. The output of both instruments show clearly that the shapes of the large bubbles in slug flow are distinctly different from the smooth bullet-shaped objects observed in smaller diameter pipes and which are sketched in text books. In this larger diameter pipe, the interface is much more disturbed. They might be described as wrinkled. In addition, flow can be classified according to the sizes of bubbles present. Distributions of bubble sizes are presented and the fractions of gas flowing in different bubble sizes classes quantified.

Keywords: Two-phase flow; wire-mesh sensor; electrical capacitance tomography; flow visualization

  • Contribution to proceedings
    OMAE 2009, 31.05.-05.06.2009, Honolulu, USA
    Proceedings of the ASME 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 79840
  • Lecture (Conference)
    28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 31.05.-05.06.2009, Honolulu, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12851
Publ.-Id: 12851


Wire-mesh sensors for fast visualization of multiphase flows

Da Silva, M. J.; Thiele, S.; Schleicher, E.; Hampel, U.

Wire-mesh sensors are flow imaging devices and allow for high spatial and high temporal resolution visualization of phase fraction (e.g. gas void fraction or liquid holdup) distribution of multiphase flow. This type of sensor has been successfully employed to investigate a number of single phase and two-phase flow phenomena in the past. In this contribution, an overview about the operation principle of wire-mesh sensors along with the signal and image processing procedures to obtain physical flow parameters from the electrical measured signals is given. Besides describing the state of the art of wire-mesh sensor technology, the latest development of a temperature wire-mesh sensor is depicted in detail.

Keywords: wire-mesh sensor; flow visualization; multiphase flow; temperature; void fraction

  • Contribution to proceedings
    What Where When Multi-dimensional Advances for Industrial Process Monitoring, 23.-24.06.2009, Leeds, United Kingdom
    Proceedings of W3MDM 2009, 98-108
  • Poster
    What Where When Multi-dimensional Advances for Industrial Process Monitoring, 23.-24.06.2009, Leeds, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12850
Publ.-Id: 12850


Charge storage properties and electroluminescence in silicon nanocrystals fabricated by ion beam mixing of gate oxide/silicon interfaces

Schmidt, B.; Heinig, K.-H.; Beyer, V.

The present contribution addresses the Si nanocrystal formation by a non-conventional ion beam synthesis approach of ion beam mixing of SiO2/Si interfaces in thin gate oxides, with special emphasis on well-controlled size and position tailoring as well as on their application in non-volatile nanocrystal memories and in light emitting field-effect transistors. The Si nanocrystal MOSFETs were fabricated as nMOSFET devices and their electrical characteristics have been evaluated in terms of write/erase voltage, duration of the programming time, endurance and retention for different ion irradiation and annealing conditions. For the investigation of the light emitting characteristics of the same nMOSFETs an AC voltage was applied to the gate in order to inject charges of both polarities into the nanocrystals leading to the formation of excitons there. They recombine under emission of a photon, whereas the emitted wavelength is a function of the nanocrystal size. AC voltage and frequency dependent electroluminescence spectra in the wavelength region of 400-1000 nm were recorded for different annealing conditions.

Keywords: Ion beam mixing of interfaces; silicon nanocrystal; non-volatile memory; light-emitting MOSFET; electroluminesence

  • Contribution to proceedings
    10th International Symposium on Sputtering and Plasma Processes (ISSP 2009), 08.-10.07.2009, Kanazawa, Japan
    Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Sputtering and Plasma Processes -ISSP 2009-, Ishikawa, Japan: Eiji Kusano, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, ISSN 0917-2440, 52-56

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12849
Publ.-Id: 12849


The Analysis of Uranium Binding Form with Mineral Phases by Time- resolved Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Baumann, N.

Uranium migration is mainly occurred when mobile uranium species from rock piles and old mines are washed by surface water. It is necessary to study the pathway, the species, and the amount of migrating uranium compounds. The objective of this research is to investigate the interactions between solid mineral phases and mobile uranium species such as sorption, precipitation and forming secondary uranium minerals by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). This technique has shown to be able to detect a trace amount of uranium (VI) species in both solution and solid phases. TRLFS delivers a fluorescence signal with characteristic features related to the concentration and speciation of fluorescent species in the sample. These features include, the positions of the peak maxima, and characteristic lifetimes of the signals. Results show fluorescent signals of absorbed uranium species on gibbsite and muscovite surfaces. The spectroscopic signatures of these uranium (VI) minerals are useful in identifying uranium (VI) species as colloids, thin coatings on rocks, minor components in soils, or alteration products of nuclear waste.

Keywords: Uranium mining; uranium (VI); time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

  • Contribution to proceedings
    11th Conference on Nuclear Science and Technology, 02.-03.07.2009, Bangkok, Thailand

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12848
Publ.-Id: 12848


Ultrafast Cross-Sectional Imaging of Gas-Particle Flow in a Fluidized Bed

Bieberle, M.; Fischer, F.; Schleicher, E.; Koch, D.; Menz, H.-J.; Mayer, H.-G.; Hampel, U.

Ultrafast electron beam X-ray computed tomography is used to visualise the gas-solids distribution inside an experimental fluidized bed at frame rates of 5000 s-1.

Keywords: fluidized bed; ultrafast X-ray computed tomography

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12847
Publ.-Id: 12847


Synthesis and radiopharmacological investigation of 3-[4’-[18F]fluorobenzylidenyl]-indolin-2-one as possible tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Knieß, T.; Bergmann, R.; Kuchar, M.; Steinbach, J.; Wüst, F.

The radiosynthesis and radiopharmacological evaluation of 3-[4’-[18F]fluorobenzylidenyl]-indolin-2-one, a derivative of tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5416, is described. The radiosynthesis was accomplished by Knoevenagel condensation of 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde with oxindole in a remotely controlled synthesis module. The reaction conditions were optimized through screening the influence of different bases on the radiochemical yield. The radiotracer was obtained after a two-step labelling procedure in 4% decay-corrected radiochemical yield at a specific activity of 48-61 GBq/µmol within 90 min. The radiochemical purity after semi-preparative HPLC purification exceeded 98%.
The biodistribution was studied in Wistar rats. After distribution the radiotracer was rapidly accumulated in the adrenals, liver and kidneys, however, it was cleared from these and the most other organs. Only the adipose tissue remained the activity over 60 min. Unexpected high transient uptake was observed in the brain, pancreas, heart and lung. The fast clearance of 3-[4’-[18F]fluorobenzylidenyl]-indolin-2-one was caused by excretion, approximately one half each was renal and biliary excreted and the other part cleared by metabolic processes. In arterial blood plasma two more polar metabolites were found by radio-HPLC. After 20 min post injection, only 12% of intact radiotracer has been detected. Consequently, in small animal PET studies with FaDu tumour bearing mice no specific uptake in the tumours could be observed.

Keywords: Positron emission tomography (PET); 4-[18F]fluorbenzaldehyde; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Knoevenagel condensation; SU5416

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12846
Publ.-Id: 12846


Two Coordination Modes of Bidentate Aminopyrazine Ligands in Cubane-type Cluster Complex Re4Te4Cl8(C4N3H4)4 . 2DMF

Efremova, O. A.; Mironov, Y. V.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Stephan, H.; Perrin, C.; Fedorov, V. E.

A new cubane-type cluster complex Re4Te4Cl4(C4H4N3)4 . 2DMF has been synthesized by reaction of Re4Te4Cl8(TeCl2)4 with 2-aminopyrazine C4H5N3 in DMF. The crystal structure of compound has been solved by X-ray single crystal diffraction method. Crystal data for Re4Te4Cl4(C4N3H4)4 . 2DMF: a = 22.8718(16) A ° , b = 8.5936(7) A ° , c = 20.5720(17) A ° , ß° = 106.493(2), V = 3877.1(5) A ° 3, R1 = 0.0466, Rw(F2) = 0.1191. In the complex bidentate aminopyrazine ligands are coordinated in two different types, namely, two of four aminopyrazine ligands bind to a single rhenium atom, and each of two other ligands is coordinated as bridge between two rhenium atoms.

Keywords: Cubane Re4 cluster; 2-Aminopyrazine; Synthesis; Crystal structure

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12845
Publ.-Id: 12845


Development of bispidine derivatives containing targeting vector molecules and fluorescent labels

Fähnemann, S.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th SUPRAPHONE Meeting, 04.-07.06.2009, Jyväskylä, Finland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12844
Publ.-Id: 12844


Molecular Imaging Modalities for Tumor Visualization

Stephan, H.; Bergmann, R.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th SUPRAPHONE Meeting, 04.-07.06.2009, Jyväskylä, Finland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12843
Publ.-Id: 12843


Toward Bio-Inspired Photoadressable Supramolecular Systems. Synthesis, Light-Emission, Dynamics, Biomedical Application: A Final Report

Stephan, H.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (Conference)
    4th Annual COST-D31 Workshop, 28.-30.05.2009, Warsaw, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12842
Publ.-Id: 12842


Dual-plane ultrafast limited-angle electron beam x-ray tomography

Bieberle, M.; Schleicher, E.; Fischer, F.; Koch, D.; Menz, H.-J.; Mayer, H.-G.; Hampel, U.

Electron beam x-ray tomography is an imaging technique, which can provide cross-sectional images of an object of interest with about 1 mm spatial resolution at frame rates of up to 10,000 frames per second. As a non-intrusive method it is especially suited for studying multiphase flows. For this purpose we devised an experimental limited-angle scan setup which utilizes linear beam deflection to generate radiographic projections. This setup was employed in the study of gas-liquid flow in an experimental flow loop operated at different liquid and gas flow rates. Electron-beam tomography images were compared with image data of a wire-mesh sensor. The latter is a fast, but intrusive imaging device, which is commonly used in gas-liquid flow imaging and achieves comparable frame rates but at lower spatial resolution. As a novelty we implemented a dual-plane limited-angle electron beam x-ray tomography which allows us to gain information about the phase velocities using cross-correlation data analysis.

Keywords: electron beam x-ray CT; limited-angle CT; wire-mesh sensor; two-phase flow

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12841
Publ.-Id: 12841


X-ray visualisation of bubble formation and bubble motion in liquid metals

Boden, S.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Simonnet, M.; Anderhuber, M.; Gardin, P.

The real-time digital X-ray radioscopy has been used to visualise the liquid metal two-phase flow in a GaInSn melt in a flat container with a rectangular cross-section. Argon bubbles were injected through single orifices at the side-walls of the fluid vessel. X-ray images were acquired with a frame rate of 22.3 Hz. Exposure times of 5 ms deliver instantaneous snapshots of the flow structure. Quantitative values of the mean bubble size, bubble velocity, bubble distribution and bubble trajectory were obtained from the X-ray data. It was shown for the liquid metal case that the wetting conditions at the gas injector significantly affect the size of the detaching gas bubbles.

Keywords: liquid metal two-phase flow; nozzle wetting; X-ray visualisation

  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland, 387-390
  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12840
Publ.-Id: 12840


X-ray visualisation of solidifying GaIn-alloys in the presence of melt convection

Boden, S.; Willers, B.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

X-ray radioscopic methods enable the in-situ real-time observation of solidification processes in metal alloys with a spatial resolution of a few microns. Visualisation of bottom up directional solidification of a Ga-25wt%In binary metal alloy contained in a capillary slit container was conducted. The solidification is obviously affected by natural thermosolutal melt flow patterns. Externally forced melt convection was superimposed by means of a magnetic stirrer in form of a rotating wheel equipped with permanent magnets. The electromagnetic flow provokes a considerable redistribution of the solutal boundary layers around the solidifying dendrites, and influences therewith the formation of the microstructure.

Keywords: directional solidification; melt convection; forced flow; X-ray visualisation

  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland, 261-264
  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12839
Publ.-Id: 12839


Binding Form of Uranium in Environmental Relevant Waters, Studied by Laser Spectroscopic Methods

Bernhard, G.; Geipel, G.

  • wird nachgereicht
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Freiberger Forschungsforum 2009 (60. Berg- und Hüttenmännischer Tag), 19.06.2009, Freiberg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12838
Publ.-Id: 12838


Laser Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Ions at Storage Rings

Winters, D. F. A.; Geppert, C.; Sánchez, R.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Kühl, T.; Zielbauer, B.; Ursescu, D.; Schramm, U.; Bussmann, M.; Birkl, G.; Walther, T.; Hannen, V.; Weinheimer, C.; Stöhlker, T.

Heavy highly charged ions (HCI) are the simplest few-body systems and the strongest laboratory sources of electromagnetic fields. These ions thus uniquely enable one to probe the effects of quantum electrodynamics and relativity at strong fields, and to verify corresponding theoretical predictions. The impact of these strong fields on the atomic structure can, however, still only be measured by very accurate techniques, such as laser spectroscopy. Unfortunately, the required experimental conditions (e.g. for the HCI to remain in their charge-state) are severe, and the relevant spectroscopic transitions of the ions cannot be directly probed by standard laser systems. In storage rings, such as the experimental storage ring (ESR) of GSI in Darmstadt, the conditions are excellent: a high intensity ion beam, which can also be cooled, traverses the ultra-high vacuum (10−11 mbar) beamline with a revolution frequency of about a MHz. There are thus many ion-photon interactions, and corresponding fluorescence yields are sufficient. The kinetic energy of the ions can be varied over a large range, and the Dopplershift be used to boost the transitions into the laser accessible regime. The future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will provide even more possibilities. The Stored Particle Atomic Research Collaboration (SPARC) therefore developed a broad research programme [1]. For example, at the new experimental storage ring (NESR), it is planned to determine QED effects in strong fields via laser spectroscopy of the 1s and 2s hyperfine structure in H- and Li-like ions, respectively [2]. For this purpose, radioactive nuclei or even chains of isotopes can be used to disentangle QED and nuclear effects. In addition, by means of optical pumping with lasers (via the hyperfine structure), spin-polarised ion beams will be produced for e.g. parity non-conservation studies. The high-energy laser PHELIX will generate x-rays which, combined with HCI in the new ESR, enable studies of 2s−2p transitions in high-Z few-electron systems for accurate tests of atomic structure theory in the strong field regime. In the SIS300, laser cooling - the only possible cooling method at these high energies - of Li-like heavy ions is planned [3].
[1] Th. Stöhlker et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 261 (2007) 234.
[2] D.F.A. Winters et al., Can. J. Phys. 85 (2007) 403.
[3] H. Backe, Hyp. Int. 171 (2007) 93.

Keywords: highly charged ions; laser; laser spectroscopy; atomic structure; laser cooling; HCI; ESR; QED

  • Poster
    PEARL 2009 - Physics at EBITS and Advanced Research Light Sources, 06.-09.05.2009, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12837
Publ.-Id: 12837


Towards Optical Control over the Lowest Nuclear Excited State in 229Th

Thirolf, P. G.; Habs, D.; Bussmann, M.; Maier, H. J.; Neumayr, J. B.; Schätz, T.; Schmitz, H.; Schreiber, J.; Szerypo, J.; Trepl, L.; Wirth, H.-F.

The MLL IonCatcher buffer gas cell facility forms the key component of our experimental efforts to study the isomeric ground state transition of the lowest nuclear excited state in 229mTh at 7.6(5) eV as described in the 2007 annual report [1]. There the goal is to exploit the unique properties of this lowest excited nuclear state with its unprecedented narrow relative linewidth of about 10−21 for metrology as well as for fundamental physics studies such as a potential time dependence of fundamental constants like the fine structure constant ). Using the gas cell as an 'isomer generator' from the – decay of 233U, the production of the 229Th isomers can be decoupled from the fluorescence decay of the isomeric first excited state in 229mTh, thus avoiding any background contaminations from atomic or conversion processes.

Keywords: ion; buffer gas cooling; isomeric state; th229; laser cooling; laser spectroscopy; gas cell

  • Contribution to external collection
    in: Annual Report of the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium der Universität und der Technischen Universität München, MLL, Am Coulombwall 6, D-85748 Garching: Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium (MLL), 2009, 16-17

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12836
Publ.-Id: 12836


Application of contactless inductive flow tomography to the continuous casting process

Wondrak, T.; Galindo, V.; Gerbeth, G.; Gundrum, T.; Stefani, F.; Timmel, K.

The contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT) is a method for reconstructing the velocity field in electrically conducting melts from externally measured induced magnetic fields. One of its possible applications is the velocity reconstruction in the continuous casting process. In this paper, we apply this method to the flow field in a small model of a continuous casting mould. It is shown that the flow structure in general, and the jet position and the intensity in particular, can be reliably determined.

Keywords: continuous casting; industrial tomography; liquid metal flow measurement

  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
    Application of contactless inductive flow tomography to the continuous casting process, pp. 395-398
  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12835
Publ.-Id: 12835


Recent progress on contactless inductive flow tomography

Wondrak, T.; Stefani, F.; Gundrum, T.; Gerbeth, G.

The contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT) is a technique to reconstruct the velocity in electrically conducting melts using magnetic fields. One of its application could be the velocity reconstruction in the mould of the continuous casting process. In this paper, we present the numerical investigation and first measurements of the induced magnetic field taken in our lab on a small model of a continuous casting mould.

Keywords: Inverse Problems; Industrial tomography; Liquid metal flow measurement; continuous casting

  • Contribution to proceedings
    80th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (GAMM), 09.-13.2.2009, Gdansk, Poland
  • Lecture (Conference)
    80th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (GAMM), 09.-13.2.2009, Gdansk, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12834
Publ.-Id: 12834


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