Protective effects of 2,3-diaryl-substituted indole-based cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on oxidative modification of human low density lipoproteins in vitro
Protective effects of 2,3-diaryl-substituted indole-based cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on oxidative modification of human low density lipoproteins in vitro
Pietzsch, J.; Laube, M.; Bechmann, N.; Pietzsch, F.-J.; Kniess, T.
It has been suggested that 2,3-diaryl-substituted indole-based
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (2,3-diaryl-indole coxibs) do not only appear as potent anti-inflammatory agents but also show the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This led to the hypothesis that 2,3-diaryl-indole coxibs also may act as potent inhibitors of oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is considered a key factor in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore i) the reactivity of a series of new synthesized 2,3-diaryl-indoles with several well characterized LDL oxidation systems and ii) subsequent effects on an inflammatory/atherogenic microenvironment. The results demonstrate that under the present experimental conditions 2,3-diaryl-indoles showed potent ROS scavenging activity and were able to markedly inhibit LDL oxidation. Subsequently, this led to a substantial decrease of modified LDL uptake by scavenger receptors in THP-1 macrophages in vitro and in rats in vivo. Moreover, modified LDL-mediated monocyte/neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, macrophage NF kappa B activation, as well as macrophage and endothelial cell cytokine release was diminished in vitro. The reduction of modified LDL-induced atherogenic effects by antioxidant 2,3-diaryl-indole coxibs may widen the therapeutic window of COX-2 targeted treatment.
Keywords: Antioxidants; atherogenesis; selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (coxibs); inflammation; lipid peroxidation; protein oxidation; radical scavenger; reactive oxygen species (ROS)
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Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 61(2015)4, 615-632
DOI: 10.3233/CH-141923
ISSN: 1386-0291
Cited 2 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-23861
Publ.-Id: 23861