Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

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41420 Publications

Evidence for the existence of Tc(IV) - humic substance species by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy

Geraedts, K.; Bruggemann, C.; Maes, A.; van Loon, L.; Rossberg, A.; Reich, T.

The redox–sensitive fission product technetium–99 has been investigated in systems containing different reducing solid phases (pyrite, magnetite, ironsulphide and Gorleben sand) on the one hand and Gorleben groundwater, which contains a high amount of humic substances, on the other hand. Initially, technetium–99 was added to these systems as pertechnetate (Tc(VII)), which was reduced in presence and absence of humic substances with the aid of the different reducing surfaces (neutral to alkaline pH). Both in absence and presence of humic substances, Tc concentrations were observed which exceeded the TcO2 solubility limit, whereby the presence of humic substances had a 100 fold higher Tc concentration compared to its absence. Using the La–precipitation method, it was shown that Tc(IV) inorganic colloids and organic colloids were quantitatively precipitated. It was demonstrated for the first time by a combination of chemical speciation methods (La–precipitation method and gel permeation chromatography) and XANES spectroscopy of the humic substance containing supernatant solutions, that Tc(IV) species were formed in these systems, indicating an association between Tc(IV) and humic substances.

  • Radiochimica Acta 90(2002)12, 879-884

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8854
Publ.-Id: 8854


On the structure of Np(VI) and Np(VII) species in alkaline solution studied by EXAFS and quantum chemical methods

Bolvin, H.; Wahlgren, U.; Moll, H.; Reich, T.; Geipel, G.; Fanghaenel, T.; Grenthe, I.

  • wird nachgereicht
  • Journal of Physical Chemistry A 105(2001)51, 11441-11445

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8853
Publ.-Id: 8853


Aqueous solutions of uranium(VI) as studied by time-resolved emission spectroscopy: A round-robin test

Billard, I.; Ansoborlo, E.; Apperson, K.; Arpigny, S.; Azenha, M.; Birch, D.; Bros, P.; Burrows, H.; Choppin, G.; Couston, L. E. A.

  • wird nachgereicht
  • Applied Spectroscopy 57(2003)8, 1027-1038

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8852
Publ.-Id: 8852


Uranyl(VI) carbonate complex formation: Validation of the Ca2UO2(CO3)(3)(aq.) species

Bernhard, G.; Geipel, G.; Reich, T.; Brendler, V.; Amayri, S.; Nitsche, H.

We recently discovered a neutral dicalcium uranyl tricarbonate complex, Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq.), in uranium mining related waters [1]. We are now reporting a further validation of the stoichiometry and the formation constant of this complex using two analytical approaches with time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) species detection: i) titration of a non-fluorescent uranyl tricarbonate complex solution with calcium ions, and quantitative determination of the produced fluorescent calcium complex via TRLFS; and ii) variation of the calcium concentration in the complex by competitive calcium complexation with EDTA4-.

Slope analysis of the log (fluorescence intensity) versus log[Ca2+] with both methods have shown that two calcium ions are bound to form the complex Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq.).
The formation constants determined from the two independent methods are:
i) logβ°213=30.45±0.35 and
ii) logβ°213=30.77±0.25.

A bathochrome shift of 0.35 nm between the UO2(CO3)3 4- complex and the Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq.) complex is observed in the laser-induced photoacoustic spectrum (LIPAS), giving additional evidence for the formation of the calcium uranyl carbonate complex.

EXAFS spectra at the LII and LIII-edges of uranium in uranyl carbonate solutions with and without calcium do not differ significantly. A somewhat better fit to the EXAFS of the Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq.)complex is obtained by including the U-Ca shell. From the similarities between the EXAFS of the Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq.) species in solution and the natural mineral liebigite, we conclude that the calcium atoms are likely to be in the same positions both in the solution complex and in the solid.

This complex influences considerably the speciation of uranium in the pH region from 6 to 10 in calcium-rich uranium-mining-related waters.

  • Radiochimica Acta 89(2001)8, 511-518

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8851
Publ.-Id: 8851


Investigations at alkali vapor charge exchange canals and installation of an additional injector for negative helium ions at the Rossendorf 3 MV Tandetron

Friedrich, M.; Akhmadaliev, C.; Bürger, W.; Weise, A.; Vetter, A.

Different charge exchange canals and alkali metals were tested at the Rossendorf 3 MV Tandetron to install an additional injector for negative He ions. The results of these investigations and the construction of the new injector are reported.

Keywords: Negative ions; charge exchange canals; helium ions

  • Lecture (Conference)
    5th Accelerator Technical Forum and the 40th Symposium of North Eastern Accelerator Personnel, 15.-20.10.2006, Sydney/Canberra, Australia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8850
Publ.-Id: 8850


X-ray investigation, high-resolution electron holography, and density functional calculations of single-crystalline BaTiO3

Rother, A.; Reibold, M.; Lichte, H.; Leisegang, T.; Levin, A. A.; Paufler, P.; Meyer, D. C.; Gemming, S.; Chaplygin, I.; Seifert, G.; Ormeci, A. H.

Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution electron holography and density functional calculations (DFT) are employed to investigate single-crystalline BaTiO3 in the non-centrosymmetric tetragonal phase. From XRD and DFT the structure parameters, the electron density and corresponding properties, like atomic charges and the dipole moment are determined. For this purpose the maximum-entropy method was utilized to get accurate electron densities in the case of XRD, whereas all-electron calculations were performed in the framework of DFT. A comparison of experimental results and density functional calculations yield a rather good agreement. The electron density distributions are used to determine the ‘natural’ unit cell corresponding to the neutral boundary cells of the whole crystal and its dipole moment, providing the boundary conditions necessary for calculating the Electrostatic potential within the unit cell through the Poisson equation. The Electrostatic potential was then utilized to perform electron scattering simulations within the framework of the Multislice formalism, resembling unique features of experimentally recorded electron holograms. It is shown that the phase wedge in the scattered wave, which is due to the polarization field within the specimen, is essential for the image reconstruction. This essential feature has not been included in simulations before.

Keywords: functional materials; structure determination; electron density; mean inner potential; XRD; holography; DFT

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8849
Publ.-Id: 8849


The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF

Hennig, C.; Scheinost, A. C.; Funke, H.; Rossberg, A.; Strauch, U.; Ikeda, A.; Oehme, W.; Falkenberg, D.; Claußner, J.; Bernhard, G.

The actual technical equipment of the Rossendorf beamline will presented. It includes a high-throughput/high energy resolution 13-element solid state Ge detector (100 mm2 LEGes)with XIA digital x-ray spectrometer (DXP-2X4T-M, 4-channel, 40 MHz, timing model), a closed cycle He-cryostate for low temerature measurements, a goniometer for polarization dependent measurements and a spectroelectrochemical cell including electrodes for electrolysis and analysis of the solution (T, Eh, pH).

Keywords: EXAFS; XRD; ROBL

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Actinide-XAS 2006, 18.-20.09.2006, Forschungszenrum Karlsruhe, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8848
Publ.-Id: 8848


Study of U(IV), U(V), and U(VI) complexation using electrochemistry combined with XAFS spectroscopy

Hennig, C.

The presentation gives an introduction in spectroelectrochemistry, cyclic volatammetry and electrolysis, as well as its combination with XAFS. The technical background and several examples will be discussed.

Keywords: EXAFS; electrochemistry

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Speciation of Radionuclides in the Environment, 21.09.2006, Mainz, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8847
Publ.-Id: 8847


Qualification of coupled 3D neutron kinetic/thermal hydraulic code systems by the calculation of main steam line break benchmarks in a NPP with VVER-440 reactor

Kliem, S.; Danilin, S.; Hämäläinen, A.; Hadek, J.; Kereszturi, A.; Siltanen, P.

Recently 3D neutron kinetics core models have been coupled to advanced thermal hydraulic system codes. These coupled codes can be used for the analysis of the whole reactor system. In the framework of the international association „Atomic Energy Research“ (AER) on VVER Reactor Physics and Reactor Safety, two benchmarks for these code systems were defined. The reference reactor is the Russian VVER-440. The response of the reactor core to a symmetric and an asymmetric main steam line break should be investigated. So, different aspects of the coupling could be tested. As an additional feature, the participants had to use own nuclear data.

Each of these benchmarks was calculated by five different code systems. The comparison of the received solutions for the symmetric case shows a good agreement in the evolution of the thermal hydraulics. When the core power re-establishes after re-criticality, differences between the single solutions are developing, mainly connected with the use of the different nuclear data. Due to the increased complexity of the calculations, in the second benchmark differences between the thermal hydraulic behaviour in the single calculations were observed, additionally. These differences have their main origin in the behaviour of the secondary side.

The results of both benchmarks show the safety potential of the VVER-440 reactor. Even under very conservative conditions no fuel rod failure was observed in the calculations and the reactor was transferred into a sub-critical final state.

  • Nuclear Science and Engineering 157(2007)3, 280-298

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8846
Publ.-Id: 8846


Void fraction distribution measurement in fuel element bundles with a new high-resolution gamma tomograph

Bieberle, A.; Hampel, U.; Kronenberg, J.

For the measurement of sub-channel void distributions and dry-out effects in electrically heated fuel element bundles at the thermal hydraulic test loop KATHY (AREVA NP GmbH, Germany) we have recently developed a high-resolution gamma ray tomograph. This device enables a non-invasive measurement of cross-sectional void fraction profiles through the pressure vessel for fuel element bundles under typical nuclear reaction conditions. The gamma ray tomography system consists of a collimated Cs137 isotopic source and a 320 element detector arc. The average spatial resolution of the system is 3 mm in plane and 8 mm axial. With a special gantry vertical positioning and continuous rotation of the measurement setup is realised. Performing transversal scans takes approximately 25 minutes recording time. To measure void fraction calibration measurements have been recorded at zero and one hundred percent void fraction respectively. Image reconstruction was performed with standard filtered back projection algorithms.

Keywords: gamma ray tomography; void fraction measurement

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology 2006, 16.-18.05.06, Aachen, Germany
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology 2006, 17.05.06, Aachen, Germany
  • atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power 51(2006)8/9, 539-540

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8845
Publ.-Id: 8845


First results with the new high-resolution gamma ray tomograph

Bieberle, A.; Hampel, U.; Hoppe, D.; Schleicher, E.; Prasser, H.-M.; Sühnel, T.; Zippe, C.

For gamma ray tomography measurements of void fraction distributions in fuel rod bundles of boiling water reactors a new high resolution tomography system has been designed and built. Particular objectives of this application are the measurement of sub-channel void distribution and the investigation of dry-out effects in electrically heated fuel rod bundles. The application requires a robust tomography system that works in an industrial environment. In particular it was necessary to develop a high-resolution gamma radiation detector that is unsusceptible to strong magnetic fields, ambient temperature changes, and vibration forces. The developed detector is made of avalanche photodiodes (APD) coupled to small lutetium yttrium orthosilicate scintillation crystals (LYSO). Together with a special data processing unit and either a Cs137 or a Co60 source it can be operated as a tomography device for diverse diagnostic problems in science and engineering.

Keywords: gamma ray tomography; high resolution detector; avalanche photo diodes

  • Contribution to HZDR-Annual report
    Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZR-457 Mai 2006, 41-44
    ISSN: 1437-322X

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8844
Publ.-Id: 8844


Design of a high resolution gamma ray detector module for tomography applications

Bieberle, A.; Kronenberg, J.; Schleicher, E.; Hampel, U.

We present a modular gamma ray detector design for gamma ray tomography applications. As a key electronic component we use the APD array S8550 of Hamamatsu Corp. with 4 x 8 single APD elements each of 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm size. For this APD array we tested and evaluated different configurations of 2 mm wide lutetium yttrium orthosilicate scintillation crystals. Emphasize was given to high counting efficiency and low dead time in order to secure applicability of the detector to tomography of objects with highly attenuating materials. For electronic processing we designed a low-cost low-power charge sensitive preamplifier circuit using commercially available operational amplifier ICs. The modular design of the detectors allows us to build up larger line or arc detectors.

Keywords: gamma radiation detector; avalanche photodiode; scintillation detector

  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 527(2007)2, 668-675

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8843
Publ.-Id: 8843


State of the art regarding the safety analysis of boron dilution events in Germany

Kliem, S.; Rohde, U.

In the German practice of considering boron dilution transients (BDT) in safety analysis reports (SAR), a strongly conservative approach is applied,. The approach is based on recommendations of the German Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) and the technical expert organizations (TÜV) and accepted by the Reactor Safety Commission (RSK) and is currently followed by the industries and the facilities. No final recommendation and guidelines exist, because the item is subject of comprehensive discussions and research in Germany currently.

This conservative approach is based on a combination of analytical and experimental steps. In the first step, the bounding scenarios which lead to maximum realistic volumes of the lower-borated coolant which can be transported to the reactor core by re-establishing circulation in the primary circuit are determined in a series of thermal hydraulic system code calculations. These are mainly small break loss of coolant accidents (SBLOCA), during which the decay heat is removed from the core in the reflux-condenser regime. The position and maximum size of lower-borated slugs are identified, and the circulation re-start conditions are determined. The main SBLOCA scenarios are verified on experiments at large scale test facilities (e.g. PKL in Germany). While in the integral tests, the formation and transport of the slugs in the loops is assessed, the mixing is investigated in detail in dedicated mixing test facilities using the boundary conditions either from the integral tests or from the system code calculations. In this way, the minimum boron concentration at the core inlet, which is reached during the transient, is estimated. Additionally, the minimum boron concentration is calculated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. The critical boron concentration of a reactor core should be lower than this minimum boron concentration. This approach contains a high amount of conservatism, because it is assumed that the boron concentration is uniform in the whole reactor core. The spatial and temporal distribution of the boron concentration in the reactor core, available from the detailed analyses, is not taken into account.

A different approach based on best-estimate calculations has been developed at FZR and was applied to generic studies of BDT scenarios connected with start-up of the first MCP for German KONVOI type reactors. This approach starts with the definition of a bounding scenario which covers all possible BDT scenarios with respect to reactivity consequences (maximum reactivity insertion). This is followed by a reactivity initiated accident (RIA) analysis using appropriate best-estimate tools (coupled 3D neutron kinetics/thermal hydraulic codes). Best-estimate boundary conditions for the boron concentration at the core inlet are applied. These are time-dependent boron concentration at the core inlet determined from experiments or CFD calculations. The final goal of the analysis is to show the integrity of the fuel rods. Usual acceptance limits with respect to maximum fuel temperature, maximum cladding temperature, radially averaged enthalpy deposited in the fuel and maximum cladding oxide layer thickness for RIA are applied.

The use of this best estimate approach, which should be accompanied by an uncertainty analysis, can help to make the design of future reactor cores more flexible and economically not decreasing the safety level of the nuclear installations.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    XVI. AER-Symposium on VVER Physics and Reactor Safety, 25.-29.09.2006, Bratislava, Slovakia
    Proceedings, Budapest: AEKI Budapest, 9789633726334, 411-422
  • Lecture (Conference)
    XVI. AER-Symposium on VVER Physics and Reactor Safety, 25.-29.09.2006, Bratislava, Slovakia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8842
Publ.-Id: 8842


Bestimmung der Bindungsform des Urans in Mineralwässern

Bernhard, G.; Geipel, G.

Zum ersten Mal wird über die direkte spektroskopische Bestimmung der Bindungsform des Urans bei niedrigsten originalen Konzentrationen in Mineralwasserproben berichtet.
Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein spezielles laserinduziertes Fluoreszenzspektroskopiesystem eingesetzt und die Proben bei tiefen Temperaturen vermessen. Exemplarisch werden die Ergebnisse der spektroskopischen Bestimmung der Bindungsform des Urans in einer Mineralwasserprobe (Urankonzentration 3,56 μg/L) und im Wasser einer Heilquelle (Urankonzentration 467,0 μg/L) vorgestellt. Die Speziation wird im Mineralwasser durch den Komplex Ca2UO2(CO3)3 und im Heilwasser durch eine Mischung aus den Komplexen Ca2UO2(CO3)3 und UO2 (CO3)34- dominiert. Die Mobilität und Toxizität des Urans sind stark abhängig von seiner Bindungsform.

Keywords: Uran; Speziation; Mineralwasser; Laserinduzierte Kryo-FluoreszenzspektroskopieLaserspektroskopie

  • Vom Wasser 105(2007)3, 7-10
    ISSN: 0083-6915

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8841
Publ.-Id: 8841


Laser Gain and Intra-cavity Losses of the ELBE Mid-IR FEL

Lehnert, U.; Michel, P.; Seidel, W.; Teichert, J.; Wünsch, R.

The the U27-FEL of the ELBE radiation source allows to choose between five mirrors with different outcoupling holes. This allows to adapt the optical resonator to the required wavelength range to ensure the needed laser gain and to optimize the outcoupled laser power. Another parameter which influences the achievable laser gain and output power is the detuning length of the optical cavity. While for CW operation often the minimum detuning point is choosen which maximizes the outcoupled power, for pulsed-mode operation about one wavelength of cavity detuning maximizes the laser gain and yields best stability of the laser. To gain some insight into the behavior of the optical resonator we have measured the round-trip losses and the net laser gain and compare both to calulations. For the measurements we have used a fast-readout MCT detector to measure the decay and rise-time of the outcoupled infrared beam caused by a 10μs break in the electron beam micro-pulse train. We show gain and loss for 5, 10 and 20μm wavelength with the typical detuning curves of an FEL.

  • Poster
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
    Proceedings of the 28th International Free Electron Laser Conference, 339-340

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8840
Publ.-Id: 8840


The Rossendorf IR-FEL ELBE

Michel, P.; Buettig, H.; Gabriel, F. G.; Helm, M.; Lehnert, U.; Schneider, C.; Schurig, R.; Seidel, W.; Stehr, D.; Teichert, J.; Winnerl, S.; Wünsch, R.

The radiation source ELBE is the central research facility in the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf. The machine is based on a 40 MeV superconducting RF Linac wich can be operated up to 1mA in cwmode. After commissioning the Bremsstrahlung and the X-ray facilities in 2002, and 2003 respectively, and the first lasing of the mid- IR FEL (4-22 um) in 2004 about 7000 hours user beam-time have been provided. At present a second FEL for long IR waves (15-150 um) using a partial waveguide is under commissioning. Besides in-house users especially the IR beam is available to external users in the FELBE (FEL@ELBE) program witch is a part of the integrated activity on synchrotron and free electron laser science in the EU. In this talk the fundamental features of the ELBE IR FEL’s and the parameters demanded by users are displayed. In addition, an overview about user experimental work and important machine date like availability are shown. Future projects like the combination of the new High Magnetic Field lab with the ELBE-IR beams will be described.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
    Proceedings of the 28th International Free Electron Laser Conference, 488-491

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8838
Publ.-Id: 8838


Cryomodule and Tuning System of the Superconducting RF Photo-Injector

Teichert, J.; Arnold, A.; Buettig, H.; Janssen, D.; Lehnert, U.; Michel, P.; Moeller, K.; Murcek, P.; Schneider, C.; Schurig, R.; Staufenbiel, F.; Xiang, R.; Kamps, T.; Lipka, D.; Klemz, G.; Lehmann, W.-D.; Stephan, J.; Will, I.

We present the designs and report on the progress in construction and testing of the cryomodule and the tuning system for the
SRF gun. The SRF gun project, a collaboration of BESSY, DESY, MBI and FZR, aims at the installation of a high average current CW photo injector at the ELBE linac with a Nb cavity. The cryostat consists of a stainless steel vacuum vessel, a warm magnetic shield, a liquid N cooled thermal shield, and a He tank with two-phase supply tube. A heater pot in the He input port will be used for He level control. The 10 kW power coupler is adopted from ELBE module. A cooling and support systemfor the NC photo cathode has been developed and tested. It allows the adjustment of the cathode with respect to the cavity from outside. The cryomodule will be connected with the 220 W He refrigerator of ELBE and will operate at 1.8 to 2 K. The static thermal loss is expected to be less than 20W. Two tuners will be installed for separate tuning of the three TESLA cells and the half-cell. The tuners are dual spindle-lever systems with stepmotors and low-vibration gears outside the cryostat. Functionality, tuning range and accuracy have been tested in cryogenic environment.

  • Poster
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
    Proceedings of the 28th International Free Electron Laser Conference, 575-578

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8836
Publ.-Id: 8836


First RF-Measurements at the 3.5-Cell SRF-Photo-Gun Cavity in Rossendorf

Arnold, A.; Buettig, H.; Janssen, D.; Lehnert, U.; Michel, P.; Moeller, K.; Murcek, P.; Schneider, C.; Schurig, R.; Staufenbiel, F.; Teichert, J.; Xiang, R.; Kamps, T.; Lipka, D.; Marhauser, F.; Klemz, G.; Lehmann, W.-D.; Stephan, J.; Volkov, V.; Will, I.

At the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf the development and the setup of the 2nd superconducting radio frequency photo electron injector (SRF-Photo-Gun) is nearly finished. One of the main attentionwas focussed at the treatment of the cavity. Their RF properties were measured at room temperature. The warm tuning was carried out considering pre-stressing and tuning range of both tuners (half cell and full cells). The adjusted field profiles and pass band frequencies of the four fundamental modes met the requirements. An external Q study of the main coupler yielded to an optimal antenna length and showed very good agreement between simulation and measurement. Furthermore the characteristics of the choke filter and both HOM filters were simulated, measured and tuned at the pi-mode frequency. The preparation (etching and rinsing) and the cold test were successfully done at DESY. The poster presents the setup for the measurements as well as a comparison of the simulated and measured results.

  • Poster
    28th International Free Elektron Laser Conference, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    28th Free Electron Laser Conference 2006, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Berlin, Germany
    Proceedings of the 28th International Free Electron Laser Conference, 567-570

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8834
Publ.-Id: 8834


Pulsed RF System for the ELBE Superconducting Accelerator

Buechner, A.; Gabriel, F. G.; Buettig, H.; Lehnert, U.; Michel, P.; Schneider, C.; Schurig, R.

The RF system for the ELBE accelerator was originally designed for CW mode. Although this works problem-free tests have shown that it is possible to reach higher gradients in the TESLA cavities with a pulsed RF system. The new RF system will be presented together with measurements of the achievable gradients. Roughly 30% higher gradients could now be used in pulsed mode. As positive side effects the radiation by field emission is reduced by the duty cycle and an easy in situ RF conditioning of cavities and coupler windows is possible.

  • Poster
    European Particle Accelerator Conference, 26.-30.09.2006, Edinburgh, Scotland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8833
Publ.-Id: 8833


A Pulsed-RF High-power Processing Effect of Superconducting Niobium Cavities observed at the ELBE Linear Accelerator

Lehnert, U.; Buettig, H.; Michel, P.; Schneider, C.; Schurig, R.; Buechner, A.; Gabriel, F. G.

The driver LINAC of the ELBE radiation source is built for cw operation. However, in some cases a pulsed-mode operation was desired to extend the otherwise stringent gradient limits. The main restriction results from field emission that decreases the Q of the cavities which was evaluated from measurements of the liquid helium consumption. After pulsed-mode operation with gradients exceeding the maximum cw accelerating gradients by 30–40\% a significant reduction in the field emission was observed. This in turn allows higher accelerating gradients to be used in cw as well. We attribute this behaviour to an rf-processing of the cavity surface which burns off field emitters.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    European Particle Accelerator Conference EPAC 2006, 26.-30.06.2006, Edinburgh, Scotland
    EPAC 2006 - Proceedings, 413-414

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8832
Publ.-Id: 8832


Design of a Superconducting Cavity for a SRF Injector

Janssen, D.; Volkov, V.

In a collaboration between BESSY, DESY, FZR, MBI and BINP a 3-1/2 cell superconducting RF electron gun is under development at the FZ - Rossendorf. The status of the project and the progress obtained in the last year is reported on this conference. The motivation for the design of a new gun cavity, presented in this paper, is the new FEL project at BESSY. This FEL is designed for a bunch charge of 2.5 nC and the transverse emittance should be comparable with that of the current SRF gun project. In order to compensate the high bunch charge a high electric field on the cavity axis is necessary. In the present paper we will present the design of a 1-1/2 cell cavity for a superconducting RF gun. The active length of the cavity (without beam tube) is 14.4 cm. For the magnetic peak field the conservative value of 130 mT is assumed. The obtained particle energy is 6.6 MeV, corresponding to an accelerating field strength of 45.6 MV/m . In the TESLA cavity the same magnetic peak field is connected with an accelerating field strength of approximately 31 MV/m. Tracking calculation of electron bunches are in progress and will be also reported.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    European Particle Accelerator Conference EPAC 2006, 26.-30.06.2006, Edinburgh, Scotland
    EPAC 2006 - Proceedings, 2472-2474

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8831
Publ.-Id: 8831


Progress of the Rossendorf SRF Gun Project

Janssen, D.; Arnold, A.; Buettig, H.; Hempel, R.; Lehnert, U.; Michel, P.; Moeller, K.; Murcek, P.; Schneider, C.; Schurig, R.; Staufenbiel, F.; Teichert, J.; Xiang, R.; Kamps, T.; Lipka, D.; Marhauser, F.; Lehmann, W.-D.; Stephan, J.; Volkov, V.; Will, I.

In this paper we report the status and the progress of the superconducting RF gun project in Rossendorf. The gun is designed for cw operation mode with 1 mA current and 10 MeV electron energy. The cavity consists of three cells with TESLA geometry, a special designed half-cell in which the photo cathode will be inserted and a choke filter, which prevents the leakage of RF power by the coaxial line between the cathode and the cavity cell. A double tuner allows the tuning of the half-cell and the TESLA cells separately. In 2005 the fabrication of two cavities with RRR300 and RRR40 was finished. We present the results of the field measurement and the warm tuning of the cavity cells as well as the tuning and performance measurement of the choke filter. The fabrication of the double tuner has been also finished. In a test bench we measured the properties of the tuner (tuning range, resolution) at LN2 temperature. Further activities concern the diagnostic beam line of the gun, the new cathode preparation and cathode transfer system, the driver laser and the LHe transfer line.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    European Particle Accelerator Conference EPAC 2006, 26.-30.06.2006, Edinburgh, Scotland
    EPAC 2006 - Proceedings, 2469-2471
  • Poster
    10th biennal European Particle Accelerator Conference EPAC 2006, 26.-30.06.2006, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8830
Publ.-Id: 8830


Study of hydrogen-defect interaction in thin Nb film on Si substrate using positron annihilation

Cizek, J.; Procházka, I.; Brauer, G.; Anwand, W.; Mücklich, A.; Kirchheim, R.; Pundt, A.; Bäthz, C.; Knapp, M.

Nanocrystalline thin Nb films loaded with hydrogen were studied in the present work. Thin Nb films were prepared on (100) Si substrates at room temperature by cathode beam sputtering. Microstructure observations by transmission elec tron mi cros copy (TEM) revealed that the films exhibit elon gated col umnlike grains. The width of the columns is smaller than 100 nm. Two “generations” of grains can be distinguished in the columns: (i) “first generation” grains at tached directly to the Si substrate, and (ii) “second generation” grains which grow on top of the “first generation” grains. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that the Nb films are characterized by a strong (110) texture. However, the lateral orientation of grains (i.e. in the plane of the substrate) is random. Defect studies were performed by variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (VEPAS) with measurement of Doppler broadening (DB) of the an ni hi la tion line. The shape of the annihilation line was characterized by the S parameter which represents a frac tion of positrons annihilating with low-momentum electrons. It was found that the virgin Nb films (i.e. free of hy dro gen) con tain a high den sity of defects. Nanocrystalline grain size leads to a sig nif i cant volume frac tion of grain bound aries con tain ing open volume vacancy-like defects. Thus, most of positrons annihilate from a trapped state in the open volume defects at grain boundaries. Subsequently, the films were step-by-step electrochemically charged with hydrogen and the evolution of microstructure with increasing hydrogen concentration was monitored. Hydrogen loading leads to a significant lattice expansion which was measured by XRD. Contrary to free standing bulk metals, the lattice expansion is highly anisotropic in thin films. The inplane expansion is prevented because the films are clamped to an elastically hard substrate. On the other hand, the out-of-plane expansion is substantially larger than in the bulk samples. Moreover, an enhanced hydrogen solubility in the a-phase in the nanocrystalline Nb films is found. Formation of the b-phase (NbH) starts at a hydrogen concentration of xH = 0.25 [H/Nb atomic ra tio], i.e. it is » 4 times higher than in bulk Nb. Using VEPAS it was found that hydrogen is trapped in vacancy-like de fects at grain bound aries. Hydrogen trapping leads to a local increase of the electron density in these defects and is reflected by a pronounced decrease of the S parameter in the hydrogen-loaded samples. Subsequently, when the hydrogen concentration exceeds xH = 0.02 [H/Nb], all available traps at grain bound aries are already filled with hydrogen and the S parameter does not change any more. Formation of the b-phase particles leads to an introduction of new de fects, which is reflected by an increase of the S parameter at xH > 0.25 [H/Nb].

Keywords: variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy; niobium; hydrogen; vacancy-like defects; phase diagram

  • Open Access Logo Materials Structure in Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Technology 13(2006), 82-89

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8829
Publ.-Id: 8829


Deep acceptor states in ZnO single crystals

von Wenckstern, H.; Pickenhain, R.; Schmidt, H.; Brandt, M.; Biehne, G.; Lorenz, M.; Grundmann, M.; Brauer, G.

The authors report the observation of both acceptor- and donorlike defects in ZnO by deep level transient spectroscopy. The observation is facilitated by using a p-n junction allowing the injection of holes and electrons. The junction is realized by implanting a n-conducting ZnO wafer grown by pressurized melt growth with nitrogen ions. The authors found the commonly observed donorlike defects E1 and E3 and two acceptorlike defects A2 and A3, as well as a broad acceptorlike defect band. The thermal activation energies of A2 and A3, were determined to be about 150 and 280 meV, respectively.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8827
Publ.-Id: 8827


Basic flow and its 3D linear stability in a small spherical droplet spinning in an alternating magnetic field

Shatrov, V.; Priede, J.; Gerbeth, G.

We present a numerical analysis of the liquid metal flow and its 3D linear stability in a spherical droplet spinning in an alternating magnetic field. The applied magnetic field is uniform and the droplet spins around an axis parallel to the field. The droplet is assumed to be small so that its deformation by both electromagnetic and centrifugal forces is negligible. We find that a sufficiently fast spinning suppresses and so stabilizes the internal flow in the droplet. However, there is a narrow range of rotation rates corresponding to an Ekman number of E » 10-2 where the spinning can destabilize the internal flow. Our results can be useful for the assessment of melt flow conditions in certain material processing technologies using electromagnetic levitation melting techniques.

  • Physics of Fluids 19(2007)7, 78106

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8825
Publ.-Id: 8825


A simple approach to estimate the Performance Ratio of distributed PV plants

Rindelhardt, U.; Bodach, M.; Gasch, S.; Hiller, W.; Mehlich, H.

The Performance Ratio (PR) is the most frequently used figure to characterize the quality of design and components of a photovoltaic power plant (PVP). It is usually calculated from the measured irradiation in the generator plane and the generated photovoltaic energy (final yield). Unfortunately, at the most PVPs no irradiation sensor is available.
The paper presents a simple approach to estimate the performance ratio from daily energy measurements and terrestrial irradiation measurements in the neighbourhood of the PVP. The approach is verified in Saxony, based on irradiance ground data collected by the Saxon agro-meteorological measuring network.

Keywords: PVP; Performance Ratio; PR

  • Contribution to proceedings
    21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 04.-8.9.2006, Dresden, Germany
    Proceedings, ISBN 3-936338-20-5, 2723-2725
  • Poster
    21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 04.-08.09.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8823
Publ.-Id: 8823


Fabrication of ultra-shallow p-n junctions as piezoresistive sensors for AFM deflection sensing

Zier, M.; Schmidt, B.; Rangelow, I.; Ivanov, T.; Sarov, Y.; Dontsov, D.; Schott, W.

Piezoresistive deflection sensing is a promising approach for massively parallel AFM cantilever arrays. It is well known, that p-type Si exhibits piezoresistivity [1]. We have fabricated boron-doped piezoresistors in n-type Si with pn-junction depths down to 10-20 nm. For p-type Si layers below 10 nm it is known, that the piezoresistive coefficient in <110> direction is much larger than for bulk p-type Si due to quantum confinement effects [2]. This was achieved by a sophisticated process technology called point defect engineering (PDE). Using 400 keV Si+ ion irradiation a vacancy-rich layer near the wafer surface was created [3]. A 10nm thick boron layer was deposited as a solid source for subsequent diffusion using Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) at temperatures between 900°C and 1000°C. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses were carried out to obtain and compare the boron atomic concentration profiles. These show, that the transient enhanced diffusion of boron can be retarded by this fabrication method, and pn-junction depths of about 10-20 nm can be achieved. In comparison, pn-junctions were fabricated using low energy ion implantation of 1 keV B+ ions and subsequent RTA. SIMS profile analyses show, that the pn-junction depth is larger, but still in the range of <100 nm.
The sheet resistance of the fabricated ultra-thin p-doped layers were measured using a dedicated layout, which allows extracting the sheet resistance using conventional two-point probe measurements of U-I-characteristics. These measurements show, that the PDE fabricated layers exhibit a lower sheet resistance than the B+ implanted layers, even though the conducting layer thickness is smaller. This shows, that the PDE process not only yields very shallow pn-junctions, but also that the boron activation during RTA is improved compared to the ion implanted samples.
Finally we present sensitivity measurements for the completed cantilever chip, which show excellent sub-nm sensitivity.

[1] C. S. Smith, Phys. Rev. 94 (1954) 42
[2] T. Ivanov, PhD Thesis (2004), University of Kassel
[3] K.-H. Heinig and H.-U. Jäger, Proc. of 1st workshop of ENDEASD (European Network on Defect Engin. of Advanced Semiconductor Devices), C. Claeys, (ed.), Santorini, Greece, April 1999, p. 294

Keywords: ultra-shallow junction; point defect engineering; crystalTRIM

  • Poster
    Micro- and Nanoengineering 2006, 17.-20.09.2006, Barcelona, Espana

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8821
Publ.-Id: 8821


EXAFS study of the phosphodiester bond cleavage by Mo-containing polyoxometallates

van Deun, R.; Cartuyvels, E.; Nikitenko, S.; Hennig, C.; Parac-Vogt, T.

  • wird nachgereicht
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Acta Crystallographica Section A 62(2006), 206-206
    ISSN: 90-8649-040-9

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8820
Publ.-Id: 8820


Electron transfer at the mineral/water interface: Selenium reduction by ferrous iron sorbed on clay

Charlet, L.; Scheinost, A.; Tournassat, C.; Greneche, J.; Géhin, A.; Fernández-Martínez, A.; Coudert, S.; Tisserand, D.; Brendle, J.

The mobility and availability of the toxic metalloid selenium in the environment is largely controlled by sorption and redox reactions, which may proceed at temporal scales similar to that of subsurface water movement at saturated or unsaturated conditions. Since such waters are often anaerobic and rich in Fe2+, we investigated the long-term (£ 1 month) kinetics of selenite (Se(IV)O3-) sorption to montmorillonite in the presence of Fe2+ at anoxic condition. A synthetic montmorillonite was used to eliminate the influence of structural Fe. In the absence of aqueous Fe2+, selenite was sorbed as outer-sphere sorption complex, covering only part of the positive edge sites, as verified by a structure-based MUSIC model and Se K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. When selenite was added to montmorillonite equilibrated with Fe2+ solution, however, slow reduction of Se and formation of a solid phase was observed with Se K-edge XANES (x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy) and EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine-structure) spectroscopy. Iterative transformation factor analysis of XANES and EXAFS spectra suggested that only one Se reaction product formed, which was identified as nano-particulate Se(0). Even after one month, only 75 % of the initially sorbed Se(IV) was reduced to this solid species.
Moessbauer spectrometry revealed that before and after addition and reduction of Se, 5 % of total sorbed Fe occurred as Fe(III) species on edge sites of montmorillonite (» 2 mmol kg-1). The only change observed after addition of Se was the formation of a new Fe(II) species (15 %) with d =
1.37 mm s-1 and DEQ = 3.76 mm s-1. The large quadrupolar splitting may indicate formation of an outer-sphere Fe(II)-Se sorption complex. The combined Moessbauer and XAS results hence clearly suggest that the Se and Fe redox reactions are not directly coupled. Based on the results of a companion paper, we hypothesize that the electrons produced in the absence of Se by oxidation of sorbed Fe(II) are stored, e.g. by formation of surface
H2 species, and are then available for the later Se(IV) reduction. The slow reaction rate indicates a diffusion controlled process. Homogeneous precipitation of an iron selenite was thermodynamically predicted and experimentally observed only in the absence of clay. Interestingly, half of Fe was oxidized in this precipitate (Moessbauer). Since DFT calculations predicted the oxidation of Fe at the water-Se solid interface only and not in the bulk phase, the average particle size of this precipitate would not exceed 2 nm. A comparison with the Moessbauer and XAS spectra of the clay samples demonstrates that such homogenous precipitation can be excluded as mechanism for the observed slow Se reduction, emphasizing the role of abiotic, heterogeneous precipitation and reduction for the removal of Se from subsurface waters.

  • Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71(2007), 5731-5749

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8818
Publ.-Id: 8818


Synthesis of a new type of 99mTechnetium labeled fatty acids for myocardial metabolism imaging and their Rhenium analogues

Walther, M.; Bergmann, R.; Pietzsch, J.; Rode, K.; Mirtschink, P.; Stehr, S.; Heintz, A.; Wunderlich, G.; Kraus, W.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Deussen, A.; Spies, H.

Technetium-labelled fatty acids intended for myocardial metabolism imaging and the respective rhenium model complexes were synthesized according to the “4+1” mixed-ligand approach and investigated in vitro and in vivo. In “4+1” mixed-ligand Tc(III) and Re(III) complexes the metal is coordinated by both a tripodal tetradentate thiolato ligand and by a monodentate isocyano ligand bearing the biomolecule. High heart extraction in perfused heart studies (up to 26% ID) and noticeable heart uptake of the 99mTc tracer in vivo being in the order of 2% ID/g at 5 min p.i., accompanied by a good heart to blood ratio of 8, confirms that the new Tc-compounds are mimics of fatty acids.

  • Poster
    7th International Symposium on Technetium in Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, 06.-09.09.2006, Bressanone, Italy
  • Contribution to external collection
    U. Mazzi: Technetium, Rhenium and other Metals in Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, Padova: SGEditoriali, 2006, 88-89884-04-5, 113-114

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8817
Publ.-Id: 8817


Fluorescein-labeled stable neurotensin derivatives

Maes, V.; Hultsch, C.; Kohl, S.; Bergmann, R.; Hanke, T.; Tourwé, D.

Neurotensin(8-13) analogs containing a glycine or 5-aminovaleroyl spacer were labeled with fluorescein through formation of a N-terminal thiourea function. The receptor binding was measured in HT-29 cell cultures and showed a substantial decrease in affinity, especially for the metabolically stabilized[MeArg9, Tle11] analog. Using fluorescence microscopy, the internalization of the fluorescent neurotensin analogs into HT-29 cells was observed.

Keywords: neurotensin; fluorescein; receptor binding; fluorescence microscopy

  • Journal of Peptide Science 12(2006), 505-508

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8816
Publ.-Id: 8816


Hydration of U(VI,V) and Np(VI) Ions Revisited

Tsushima, S.; Scheinost, A.

Hydration of uranyl(VI) ion has been a subject of both theoretical and experimental interests for many years. Most of recent publications from both theory and experimental sides agree that the uranyl(VI) ion in aqueous solution exists as 5-fold UO2(H2O)52+. In this work, we studied the hydration of uranyl(VI, V) and neptunyl(VI) ions in further accurate way by optimizing structures of AnO2(H2O)n2+/+ (n = 4, 5, 6) clusters at the DFT level in aqueous solution using polarizable continuum model (PCM); with special focus on the conformation of coordinating water molecules. A stable energy minimum with no imaginary vibrational frequency was found for UO2(H2O)52+ having U-Oax distance of 1.756 and 1.757Å, and U-Oeq distance of 2.428, 2.436, 2.441, 2.441, and 2.443Å. Three water planes stay perpendicular to the equatorial plane, while two water planes stay parallel to the equatorial plane. Structures and energies of 4-, and 5-fold uranyl(VI,V) and neptunyl(VI) hydrates were studied and compared with recent experimental data some of which suggest presence of 4-fold actinyl hydrates.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Actinide XAS 2006, 18.-20.09.2006, Karlsruhe, Germany
    Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources: OECD, ISBN 978-92-64-99006-7, 313-317
  • Poster
    Actinide XAS 2006, 18.-20.09.2006, Karlsruhe, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8815
Publ.-Id: 8815


Effect of Ni on the formation of defect-solute clusters in neutron irradiated iron alloys

Bergner, F.; Ulbricht, A.; Kammel, M.

Irradiation of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels induces a degradation of the mechanical properties caused by the formation of nano-scale defect-solute clusters. Impurity Cu plays the major role in cluster formation, whereas the effect of the alloying element Ni depends on the Cu level and is not yet well understood.
The present experiment was devoted to the Ni effect. The SANS results for a Fe-3%Ni alloy, pure Fe and model alloys were reported.

Keywords: Small-angle neutron scattering; iron alloys; irradiation-induced cluster

  • Other report
    Berlin: BENSC Experimental Reports 2006, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, 2007
    1 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8813
Publ.-Id: 8813


Flammenpyrolytische Oberflächenvorbehandlung von beschichteten Halbzeugen vor dem Kleben

Lebelt, P.; Gehrke, J.; Schütz, A.; Reuther, H.

Flammenpyrolytische Oberflächenvorbehandlung von beschichteten Halbzeugen vor dem Kleben

  • Poster
    Thüringer Grenz- und Oberflächentage, 13.09.2006, Oberhof, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8812
Publ.-Id: 8812


Bio-nanotechnology/Nanocluster dank Bakterien

Raff, J.

Nanotechnologie gilt als Zukunftstechnologie schlechthin. Auch die Biologie kann hier einen bedeutenden Beitrag leisten, zumal die wichtigsten "Bioobjekte" (DNA, Proteine ...) Nanoobjekte sind und damit die Biologie selbst höchst erfolgreich im Nanobereich "agiert".
Insbesondere die Hüllstrukturen vieler Bakterien, sogenannte S-Layer, bieten aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit zur Selbstassemblierung und zur Ausbildung monolagiger hochgeordneter Gitterstrukturen neue Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung kleinster metallischer und halbleitender Nanocluster, Nanostrukturen und damit zur Entwicklung neuartiger (Biokomposit-)Materialien.

  • Lecture (others)
    Vortrag zum Besuch der japanischen Nano-Tech-Delegation, 26.09.2006, Dresden, Germany
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Innovationsforum "Nanobasierte Umwelttechnik", 09.-10.11.2006, Jena, Germany
  • Lecture (others)
    Vortrag zum Besuch von Schülern der 11. und 12. Klasse (Chemie-LK) des Gymnasums Radeberg, 18.01.2007, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8809
Publ.-Id: 8809


RBE of soft X-rays for chromosomal damage determined for two human mammary epithelial cell lines

Lehnert, A.; Beyreuther, E.; Enghardt, W.; Lessmann, E.; Pawelke, J.; Wagner, W.; Dörr, W.

There is an ongoing discussion on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of low-energy X-rays below about 50 keV. Considering their wide application in diagnostic radiology and particularly in mammography, RBE has to be determined for an appropriate biological object. Further, the dependence on the photon energy distribution of the radiation sources has to be considered.
We have determined the effectiveness of low-energy X-rays by X-ray tube irradiation for two human mammary epithelial cell lines, MCF-12A and 184A1. For the soft X-ray irradiation, a tungsten-anode X-ray tube operated at either 10 kV (no filtration) or 25 kV (0.3 mm Al filter) was used. The reference radiation source was a 200 kV X-ray tube filtered with 0.5 mm Cu. The dose rate for all irradiations was 0.3 -1.9 Gy/min, and doses in the range 0.5 - 5 Gy were applied. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) test was used to assess chromosomal damage in the cell line MCF-12A. The fraction of binucleated cells (BNC) with MN, the number of MN per BNC and the number of MN per BNC with MN were determined for all radiation qualities. Additionally, chromosomal aberrations were studied by conventional Giemsa-staining in both cell lines. Dicentrics, rings and excess acentric fragments were assessed. In addition, first results will be presented on stable chromosome aberrations studied by whole-chromosome FISH painting of chromosomes 1, 8 and 17 for the cell line 184A1.
All data has been fitted to the linear-quadratic model. The soft X-rays were observed to be more effective in inducing radiation damage, RBE increasing with decreasing photon energy. Whereas the RBE for 25 kV X-rays determined by the MN test resulted in a value of 1.1 - 1.4, values of up to 3 were obtained for the 10 kV X-rays for the cell line MCF-12A. The chromosomal aberration data for both cell lines resulted in an RBE value of up to 2 for both soft X-ray radiation qualities.
The data obtained in the present work confirm the observations of other authors for the photon energy dependence of RBE in this energy range. However, the study of the detailed RBE dependence on photon energy is possible only at a monochromatic X-ray source. The progress in the installation of a quasi-monochromatic channelling radiation source at the ELBE accelerator at Forschungszentrum Rossendorf will be presented.

Keywords: RBE; soft X-rays; micronuclei; chromosomal aberrations; MCF-12A; 184A1; human mammary epithelial cells; ELBE

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The 35th Annual Meeting of the European Radiatiton Research Society, 22.-25.08.06, Kiev, Ukraina
  • Contribution to proceedings
    The 35th Annual Meeting of the European Radiatiton Research Society, 22.-25.08.2006, Kiev, Ukraine
    Book of Abstracts, 32

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8808
Publ.-Id: 8808


NMR-study on the structure and stability of 4-substituted aromatic iodosyl compounds

Hiller, A.; Patt, J. T.; Steinbach, J.

Two 4-substituted aromatic iodosyl compounds were investigated with regard to their solubility, stability and chromatographic behaviour. 1-Iodosyl-4-methoxy- and 1-iodosyl-4-nitro-benzene are soluble in methanol and provide acceptable 1H and 13C NMR spectra; however, gradual oxidation of the solvent was observed. LC-MS analyses suggest that unlike the parent substance, iodosylbenzene, which has a polymeric structure, both compounds rather exist in the monomeric form.

Keywords: NMR; 1H NMR; 13C NMR; aromatic iodosyl compounds; oxidation; HPLC-MS

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8806
Publ.-Id: 8806


The use of the GDT based neutron source as driver in a sub-critical burner of minor actinides

Noack, K.

The lecture is divided in two parts. First, as introduction on the subject, in part I a brief overview is given on the actual state in the area of transmutation of radioactive nuclear waste by means of reactors and driven sub-critical systems. In part II the application of the GDT-based neutron source as driver in a sub-critical system dedicated to the transmutation of minor actinides is discussed. This GDT driven minor actinide burner is compared with the corresponding accelerator driven system, which is presently considered as the favored option.

  • Lecture (others)
    Institutskolloquium des Budker Instituts Novosibirsk, 26.09.2006, Novosibirsk, Russia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8793
Publ.-Id: 8793


A Comparative Study of U(V)O2+- and U(VI)O22+-Carbonato Complexes in Aqueous Solution

Ikeda, A.; Hennig, C.; Rossberg, A.; Scheinost, A.; Bernhard, G.; Mizuoka, K.; Ikeda, Y.

The properties of pentavalent uranium have not been well understood yet, although a large number of studies have been performed and reported concerning the uranium chemistry up to now, because it is very unstable due to its disproportionation reaction to U(IV) and U(VI). At the moment, the uranyl tricarbonate complex, [UO2(CO3)3]n-, is the only known species that can be stabilized as U(V) in aqueous solution. In order to elucidate the properties of this complex in detail, we performed electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and spectroscopic (UV-visible absorption and XAFS) measurement.
From the electrochemical study, it was found that the UVO2+-carbonate complex was stable only in the limited concentration range of 0.8 M < [Na2CO3] < 1.4 M, and a Pt- or Au working electrode is more efficient to reduce UVIO22+ to UVO2+ than a glassy carbon electrode. Therefore, the UVO2+ samples for XAFS measurements were prepared in 1.4 M-Na2CO3 solution by using a Pt-mesh working electrode. The UVO2+ solution was transferred to a glass cuvette that was completely sealed by hot melting to avoid the possibility of any O2-penetration in the cuvette during sample transportation and measurement. The results of XAFS measurement indicated that both uranyl(V) and uranyl(VI) ions form the tricarbonate complex, [UO2(CO3)3]n- (n = 5 for uranyl(V) and 4 for uranyl(VI)). The coordination occurs in a bidentate manner and, in general, all bond lengths for the uranyl(V) complex were longer than those for the uranyl(VI) complex. Additionally, a chemical shift was also observed in the U LI- and LIII-XANES spectra.

  • Poster
    Actinide XAS 2006, 18.-20.09.2006, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Actinide XAS 2006, 18.-20.09.2006, Karlsruhe, Germany
    Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources: OECD, ISBN 978-92-64-99006-7, 225-231

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8792
Publ.-Id: 8792


Investigation of Element Specific Hysteresis Loops of ion-induced Magnetically Patterned Ni81Fe19/Ru/Co90Fe10 Films with Magnetic Soft X-ray Microscopy.

Küpper, K.; Bischoff, L.; Mattheis, R.; Fischer, P.; Kim, D.-H.; Faßbender, J.

We present a layer resolved magnetic soft x-ray microscopy study of a RKKY coupled Ni81Fe19/Ru/Co90Fe10 layered system where magnetic patterns were imprinted by using a 60 keV fine focused Co ion beam so as to change the coupling from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic on a micron scale. Thereby artificial structures in form of stripes with locally varying interlayer exchange coupling are generated. Utilizing the elemental specificity of high-resolution full field soft x-ray microscopy at the Co L3 and the Ni L3 edges we determined the magnetic domain configuration during full magnetization reversal processes locally and layer resolved. In addition to the locally varying interlayer exchange coupling across the Ru layer our data verify a direct exchange coupling within each ferromagnetic layer in the magnetically patterned structure. We conclude that the magnetization reversal behaviour of the irradiated
stripes is largely influenced by the surrounding magnetic film for both, the Permalloy and the Co90Fe10 layer.

Keywords: magnetism; RKKY; exchange coupling; magnetic patterning; x-ray microscopy; XMCD

  • Poster
    MRS Fall Meeting 2006, 27.11.-01.12.2006, Boston, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8791
Publ.-Id: 8791


Ripple induced modifications of magnetic properties

Liedke, M. O.; Keller, A.; Facsko, S.; Fassbender, J.

Self-organized ripple formation during ion erosion of a Si wafer is used to create a template system with a well defined roughness of uniaxial symmetry. By using special buffer layers subsequent thin magnetic film deposition by molecular beam epitaxy leads to a periodically modulated magnetic thin film with drastically modified magnetic properties with respect to a nominally “flat” film of the same thickness. In the case of Permalloy thin films, an enhancement of the uniaxial in-plane anisotropy by approximately a factor of 20 is observed (see Fig. 2). The enhancement can be explained by a combination of step induced dipolar and magnetocrystalline surface anisotropy contributions.
If a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet-bilayer is deposited a superposition of ripple-induced uniaxial anisotropy and exchange coupling induced unidirectional anisotropy is observed. Since the direction of the unidirectional anisotropy depends only on the magnetic field direction during a field cooling procedure any angle between both anisotropy contributions can be set. The observed angular dependence of the magnetization reversal behavior is in perfect agreement with simulations based on the Stoner-Wolfarth coherent rotation model.

Keywords: magnetism; ripples; ion errosion; magnetic anisotropy; exchange bias

  • Poster
    International Workshop on Nanomagnets by Self-Organization, 08.-11.10.2006, Eisenerz, Österreich
  • Lecture (Conference)
    MRS Fall Meeting 2006, 27.11.-01.12.2006, Boston, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8790
Publ.-Id: 8790


Magnetic properties of thin magnetic films on rippled and smooth substrates

Fassbender, J.

A review about the influence of the substrate, buffer layers and the substrate morphology on the magnetic properties of ultrathin films is presented.

Keywords: magnetism; ripple; ion erosion; exchange bias; magnetic anisotropies

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop on Properties of ultrathin magnetic films, 07.-09.09.2006, Bialowieza, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8789
Publ.-Id: 8789


Growth of carbon and carbon nitride thin films by low energy (~150 eV) N2/Ar ion assisted evaporation of C60

Berndt, M.; Vinnichenko, M.; Kreissig, U.; Abrasonis, G.; Kolitsch, A.; Möller, W.

The influence of assisting low energy (~150 eV) ion bombardment during the deposition of evaporated C60 on the composition and bonding structure is investigated. Thin films were grown on Si (100) substrates by evaporation of C60 with assisting low-energy (~150 eV) N or Ar ion bombardment at different ion to molecule arrival ratios Iion/Imolecule (4-10) and substrate temperatures (RT-300°C). The film composition and areal density was analysed using elastic recoil detection analysis, while the obtained chemical bond structure was analysed by Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to determine the film thickness. Raman spectra of the films grown without ion assistance show similar features as the Raman spectrum of initial C60 powder. The additional N or Ar assistance results in a decomposition of the C60 molecules independent of the ion type and Iion/Imolecule, resulting in a bonding structure similar to that observed in a-C or a-CNx. The N and Ar atomic ratios in the films (16-27 at. % for N and 2-4 at.% for Ar) are proportional to Iion/Imolecule and no saturation limit was reached under the present working conditions. The amount of deposited material decreases with increasing Iion/Imolecule for a given substrate temperature for both type of ions. Besides, it is observed that ion bombardment results in a densification of the films compared to the films obtained without ion assistance. The results are discussed on the basis of ion induced displacements of C atoms in the fullerene molecules resulting in a decomposition of the initial fullerene structure.

  • Poster
    Tenth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering - PSE 2006, 10.-15.09.2006, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    International Doctoral Seminar 2006, 23.-26.04.2006, Smolenice, Slovak
    Proceedings, 14-18

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8788
Publ.-Id: 8788


Effect of the growth rate on the morphology and structural properties ofhut-shaped Ge islands in Si(001)

Yakimov, A. I.; Nikiforov, A. I.; Dvurechenskii, A. V.; Ulyanov, V. V.; Volodin, V. A.; Groetzschel, R.

The effect of Ge deposition rate on the morphology and structural properties of self-assembled Ge/Si(001) islands was studied. Ge/Si(001) layers were grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy at 500 ◦C. We adjusted the Ge coverage, 6 monolayers (ML), and varied the Ge growth rate by a factor of 100, R = 0.02–2 ML s−1, to produce films consisting of hut-shaped Ge islands. The samples were characterized by scanning tunnelling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering measurements. The mean lateral size of Ge nanoclusters decreases from 14.1 nm at R = 0.02 ML s−1 to 9.8 nm at R = 2 ML s−1. The normalized width of the size distribution shows non-monotonic behaviour as a function of R and has a
minimum value of 19% at R = 2 ML s−1. Ge nanoclusters fabricated at the highest deposition rate demonstrate the best structural quality and the highest Ge content (∼0.9).

Keywords: Epitaxy; Germanium; Nanoclusters; Quantum dots

  • Nanotechnology 17(2006), 4743-4747

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8787
Publ.-Id: 8787


RBS-channeling, ERDA and XRD study of lithium tantalate modified by annealed proton echange (APE)

Mackova, A.; Salavkova, L.; Spirkova, J.; Grötzschel, R.; Eichhorn, F.

Lithium tantalate (LT) single crystals are very promising substrates for constructing highly sophisticated photonics devices. The used
procedure for fabricating optical waveguides in them was annealed proton exchange (APE). Here we have used Rutherford backscattering
spectrometry (RBS) – channeling analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) to study changes in
the surface of the LT wafers caused by the APE treatment and to determine the concentration depth profiles of hydrogen atoms. The
measurements were taken for both virgin (untreated) and APE:LT samples fabricated using various experimental conditions. We have
found that the incorporation of hydrogen during the first step, i.e. the PE procedure (proton exchange), leads to modifications of the
structure of the LT single crystal, which gradually relaxed towards the structure of the original LT during the post-proton-exchange
annealing (A). This study also revealed a substantial dependence of sample behaviour on the crystallographic orientation of the pertinent
substrate wafers (commonly used X-(h1120i) and Z-(h0001i) cuts).

Keywords: RBS-channeling; ERDA; XRD; APE: LiTaO3

  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 249(2006), 339-342

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8786
Publ.-Id: 8786


How do high energy heavy ions shape Ge nanoparticles embedded in SiO2?

Schmidt, B.; Mücklich, A.; Röntzsch, L.; Heinig, K.-H.

Crystalline Ge nanospheres embedded in SiO2 where irradiated at room temperature with fluences from 1x1015 to 4x1015 cm-2 of energetic J7+ ions. The spheres transform into amorphous oblate-like Ge nanoparticles, with the short axis aligned to the ion beam direction. This ion beam shaping is similar to that of free silica spheres, but differs from the prolate-like ion beam shaping of Au spheres embedded in SiO2.

Keywords: heavy ion irradiation; ion beam shaping; nanoparticles

  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 257(2007), 30-32
    DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.12.152
    Cited 24 times in Scopus
  • Lecture (Conference)
    15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials, 18.-22.09.2006, Taormina, Italy

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8785
Publ.-Id: 8785


X-ray diffraction spot mapping – a tool to study structural properties of semiconductor disk laser devices

Zeimer, U.; Grenzer, J.; Korn, D.; Döring, S.; Zorn, M.; Pittroff, W.; Pietsch, U.; Saas, F.; Weyers, M.

The local lattice plane curvature of semiconductor disk laser devices were determined by a newly devel-oped X-ray spot mapping technique using white beam synchrotron radiation. This method is suited for in-situ studies of the dependence of both parameters on device temperature and on local heating by optical pumping. The influence of different device mounting procedures on the structural and optical device pa-rameters was investigated as well. This knowledge was used for device optimisation.

Keywords: SCDL laser; white beam synchrotron radiation; wafer mapping

  • Poster
    8th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging, 19.-22.09.2006, Baden-Baden/Karlsruhe, Germany
  • Physica Status Solidi (A) 204(2007)8, 2753-2759
    DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200675655
    Cited 1 times in Scopus

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8784
Publ.-Id: 8784


Defect induced nanowire growth by FIB implantation

Bischoff, L.; Akhmadaliev, C.; Schmidt, B.

In this work a defect induced formation of CoSi2 nanoparticles and nanowires is investigated and discussed. The results show that the defects created in silicon by FIB irradiation can getter Co atoms, solved in the sample before the ion beam treatment. Nanowires and nanoparticles are formed in the defect regions and are stabilized by following Ostwald ripening and can grow due to diffusion of the Co atoms during annealing. The nanowires are oriented in the <110> crystalline directions energetically favored for CoSi2 growth. Presumably this process is initiated by the formation of the well known {311}-extended rod-like defects elongated in those <110> directions.

Keywords: mass separated FIB; implantation, defects, annealing, nanowire growth

  • Lecture (Conference)
    32nd International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Engineering 2006, 17.-21.09.06, Barcelona, Spain
  • Microelectronic Engineering 84(2007), 1459-1462

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8783
Publ.-Id: 8783


A statistical analysis of polarity reversals of the geomagnetic field

Sorriso-Valvo, L.; Carbone, V.; Stefani, F.; Nigro, G.

We investigate the temporal distribution of polarity reversals of the geomagnetic field. In spite of the commonly assumption that the reversal sequence can be modeled as a realization of a renewal Poisson process with a variable rate, we show that the polarity reversals strongly depart from a local Poisson statistics. The origin of this failure can be attributed to the presence of temporal clustering. We also show that a Lévy function is able to reproduce the distribution of polarity persistence times, thus suggesting the presence of long-range correlations in the underlying dynamo process. In this framework we compare our results with the behavior of some toy models that describe the time evolution of the reversals and with MHD geodynamo numerical simulations.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    AGU 2006 Fall Meeting, 11.-15.12.2006, San Francisco, United States
  • Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 164(2007), 197-207
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pepi.2007.07.001
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Cited 27 times in Scopus
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 87(2006)52, GP21B-1308
    ISSN: 0096-3941

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8781
Publ.-Id: 8781


Defect induced formation of CoSi2 nanowires by focused ion beam synthesis

Akhmadaliev, C.; Schmidt, B.; Bischoff, L.

Cobalt implantation with a focused ion beam (FIB) was applied to study ion beam synthesis of cobalt disilicide nanowires in silicon. Two mechanisms of CoSi2 nanowire formation were investigated: (a) conventional synthesis by Co++ FIB implantation at elevated temperatures into silicon along in-plane <110> Si crystal direction and subsequent annealing, and (b) self-aligned CoSi2 nanowire growth in Co supersaturated silicon on FIB-induced defects at RT during subsequent annealing. The obtained CoSi2 nanowires are 20-100 nm in diameter and several micrometers long.

Keywords: nanowire; cobalt disilicide; focused ion beam; defects

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8780
Publ.-Id: 8780


Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme von Organika aus natürlichen Wässern durch Ionenaustauscher mit C-14-markierten Modellsubstanzen

Ender, V.; Schumann, T.; Sachs, S.; Bernhard, G.

Untersucht wurde die Aufnahme C-14-markierter Modellsubstanzen (beta-Alanin, Stärke und synthetische Huminsäure M42) durch Anionenaustauscher und ihre korrespondierenden nichtfunktionalisierten Copolymere. Die Modellsubstanzen stehen für die TOC-Fraktionen der Neutralstoffe / Amphiphile, Polysaccharide und Huminstoffe enstprechender der LC-OCD-Methode von HUBER. Variiert wurden der Salzgehalt resp. der pH-Wert und die Temperatur bei der Beladung...

  • Contribution to proceedings
    VGB-Konferenz "Chemie im Kraftwerk 2006" mit Fachausstellung, 11.-12.10.2006, Bad Neuenahr, Germany
    Proceedings VGB-Konferenz "Chemie im Kraftwerk 2006", TB 442/P11, 13
  • Lecture (Conference)
    VGB-Konferenz "Chemie im Kraftwerk 2006" mit Fachausstellung, 11.-12.10.2006, Bad Neuenahr, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8779
Publ.-Id: 8779


GaBi liquid metal alloy ion source for the production of ions of interest in microelectronics research

Bischoff, L.; Pilz, W.; Ganetsos, T.; Forbes, R.; Akhmadaliev, C.

Focused Ion beam (FIB) systems employing liquid metal ion sources (LMISs) have become of increasing importance in the microelectronics research and industry [1]. Applications of LMISs include IC analysis and modification, maskless ion implantation, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, scanning ion microscopy and ion beam lithography [2-3].
Alloy LMISs are the basis of mass separated FIB systems applying a variety of ion species which can be focused into diameters smaller than 10nm with current densities of several A/cm2 [4].
In this work a Ga38Bi62 alloy liquid metal ion source (Tmelt = 222°C), prepared on a mechanical treated Ta - emitter has been studied, which allows to implant in the case of a silicon substrate shallow donor ions (Bi) as well as acceptors (Ga) in the sub micron range without changing the source. A detailed analysis of the mass spectra as a function of emission current, obtained from this source, shown in Fig. 1, was used to investigate the mechanism for the production of single and double-charged ions. The transition metals in the mass spectra result from the re-sputtered extractor stainless steal material. Moreover, we represent the intensity of cluster ions extracted by the source, as function of emission current. Theoretical modeling support the experimental results.
[1]P.D. Prewett, G.L.R. Mair, Focused Ion Beams from Liquid Metal Ion Sources,
Taunton, Somerset, UK: Research Studies Press, 1991, Chap. 2.
[2]J. Orloff et al, High Resolution Focused Ion Beams – FIB and Its Applications,
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 2002, Chap. 6.
[3]L. Bischoff, J. Teichert, S. Hausmann, Th. Ganetsos and GLR. Mair, Microelectronic Engineering, 53 (2000) 613.
[4]L. Bischoff, Ultramicroscopy, 103 (2005) 59.

Keywords: Alloy liquid metal ion source; GaBi; mass spectra

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The Joint 19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium, 17.-20.07.2006, Guilin, China
  • Ultramicroscopy 107(2007)9, 865-868

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8778
Publ.-Id: 8778


Planar channeling radiation from electrons in quartz

Azadegan, B.; Wagner, W.; Pawelke, J.; Grigoryan, L. S.

Planar channeling radiation from 32 MeV electrons channeled in quartz has for the first time been measured at the radiation source ELBE. The theory of channeling radiation was applied for the assignment of the observed spectra to the crystal planes. Calculations of the continuum potentials, transverse electron states, transition energies, and radiation intensities have been performed for selected planes of quartz. Specific properties of the hexagonal binary quartz crystal influencing the generation of channeling radiation are discussed.

Keywords: Channeling radiation; X-rays; quartz

  • Contribution to proceedings
    "Channeling 2006", International Conference on Charged and Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena II, 03.-07.07.2006, Frascati (Rome), Italy
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Charged and Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena II, Bellingham (USA): SPIE, 9780819467782, 66340S
  • Lecture (Conference)
    "Channeling 2006", International Conference on Charged and Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena II, 03.-07.07.2006, Rom, Italy

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8777
Publ.-Id: 8777


Deposition and Re-emission of Potential Energy - extended dynamical COB simulation -

Kost, D.; Röder, F.; Möller, W.

We present results of a numerical computer simulation based on the extended dynamical classical over the barrier model (EDCOB). To get an energy balance for the transferred potential energy of the highly charged ions (HCIs) to the solid surface, we apply an additional extension of the model evaluating the energy loss of Auger electrons which are generated during the relaxation of the HCI. From the results of the simulation we can distinguish between the potential energy deposited in the nuclear system due to image charge acceleration of the incoming HCI and the potential energy which is released over Auger processes. Further, we break down this energy into that which is deposited in the solid and that which is re-emitted due to escaping secondary electrons.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 58(2007), 343
  • Poster
    13th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions, 27.08.-01.09.2006, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8776
Publ.-Id: 8776


Subthreshold production of Sigma(1385) baryons in Al+Al collisions at 1.9A GeV

Lopez, X.; Herrmann, N.; Crochet, P.; Andronic, A.; Basrak, Z.; Bastid, N.; Benabderrahmane, M. L.; Bühler, P.; Cargnelli, M.; Caplar, R.; Cordier, E.; Dupieux, P.; Dzelalija, M.; Fabietti, L.; Fodor, Z.; Gasparic, I.; Grishkin, Y.; Hartmann, O. N.; Hildenbrand, K. D.; Hong, B.; Kang, T. I.; Kecskemeti, J.; Kirejczyk, M.; Kim, Y. J.; Kis, M.; Koczon, P.; Korolija, M.; Kotte, R.; Lebedev, A.; Leifels, Y.; Marton, J.; Merschmeyer, M.; Neubert, W.; Pelte, D.; Petrovici, M.; Rami, F.; Reisdorf, W.; Ryu, M. S.; Schüttauf, A.; Seres, Z.; Sikora, B.; Sim, K. S.; Simion, V.; Siwek-Wilczynska, K.; Smolyankin, V.; Stoicea, G.; Suzuki, K.; Tyminski, Z.; Wagner, P.; Wisniewski, K.; Wohlfarth, D.; Xiao, Z.; Yushmanov, I.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhilin, A.; Zmeskal, J.; Kienle, P.; Yamazaki, T.

First deep sub-threshold production of the Sigma(1385) hyperon resonance is presented. The measurement was performed in Al+Al collisions at a beam energy of 1.9A GeV with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt. The result is found to be in relatively good agreement with the statistical model prediction. It allows to better understand strangeness sub-threshold production by leading information on the strangeness exchange reaction which is the dominant process for K- production below and close-to threshold.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8775
Publ.-Id: 8775


Structure and conductivity of self-assembled films of gold nanoparticles

Pelka, J. B.; Brust, M.; Gierlowski, P.; Paszkowicz, W.; Schell, N.

Self-assembled thin films of gold nanoparticles of 4-5 nm, prepared on glass using aliphatic dithiols of different hydrocarbon chain lengths as interparticle linker molecules, have been studied by x-ray methods and dc conductivity. X-ray data revealed small spacer-dependent cluster size variations in the films. Conductivity, in the temperature range of 4.2-300 K, showed a strong relation with spacer length, indicating that different mechanisms of conduction from metal-like through hopping to tunneling dominate, depending on temperature range and particle spacing. The results demonstrate that the electronic and optical properties of such films can be precisely controlled by interparticle distance.

  • Applied Physics Letters 89(2006), 063110
    ISSN: 0003-6951

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8774
Publ.-Id: 8774


Nitrogen Plasma Íon Implantation of Al Alloy in the High Voltage Glow Discharge Mode

Oliveira, R. M.; Ueda, M.; Rossi, J. O.; Reuther, H.; Lepienski, C. M.; Beloto, A. F.

Nitrogen Plasma Íon Implantation of Al Alloy in the High Voltage Glow Discharge Mode

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Conference on Íon Implantation Technology, 11.-16.06.2006, Marseille, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8773
Publ.-Id: 8773


Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation with a 4 kV/10kHz Compact High Voltage Pulser

Ueda, M.; Oliveira, R. M.; Rossi, J. O.; Reuther, H.; Silva, G.

Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation with a 4 kV/10kHz Compact High Voltage Pulser

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Íon Implantation Technology, 11.-16.06.2006, Marseille, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8772
Publ.-Id: 8772


Implantação Iônica por Imersão em Plasma de Nitrogênio Usando Baixa Energia

Silva, G.; Ueda, M.; Rossi, J. O.; Reuther, H.

Implantação Iônica por Imersão em Plasma de Nitrogênio Usando Baixa Energia

  • Contribution to proceedings
    XII Encontro e Exposição Brasileira de Tratamentos de Superfície & II INTERFINISH Latino- Americano, 09.-11.05.2006, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Proceedings of XII Encontro e Exposição Brasileira de Tratamentos de Superfície & II Interfinish Lat, paper 33

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8771
Publ.-Id: 8771


Hybrid Processing of Ti-6Al-4V Using Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Combined with Plasma Nitriding

Silva, M. M.; Ueda, M.; Otani, C.; Reuther, H.; Lepienski, C. M.; Soares Jr, P. C.; Otubo, J.

Hybrid Processing of Ti-6Al-4V Using Plasma Immersion Ion
Implantation Combined with Plasma Nitriding

  • Open Access Logo Materials Research 9(2006)1, 97-100

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8770
Publ.-Id: 8770


Numerical and experimental modeling of the melt flow in a traveling magnetic field for Vertical Gradient Freeze crystal growth

Galindo, V.; Grants, I.; Lantzsch, R.; Pätzold, O.; Gerbeth, G.

A Traveling Magnetic Field (TMF) is attractive for melt crystal growth as it offers a direct flow driving mechanism. We present numerical and experimental results on the TMF driven flow in an isothermal model fluid. The TMF is generated by a system of six equidistant coils, which are fed by a three phase current power supply to create an up- or downward directed traveling field. Special attention is focused on the description of the electromagnetic fields for varying field frequency, and its influence on the resulting melt velocity.

Keywords: Fluid Flows; Magnetic Fields; Stirring; Crystal Growth

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8769
Publ.-Id: 8769


Thin film patterning by surface-plasmon-induced thermocapillarity

Röntzsch, L.; Heinig, K.-H.; Schuller, J. A.; Brongersma, M. L.

It is reported that standing surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves can cause regular thickness undulations of thin polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films above a metallic substrate. Ripples and hillock arrays with long-range order were found. Numerical calculations reveal that periodic in-plane temperature profiles are generated in the PMMA due to the non-radiative damping of SPP interference patterns. Atomistic computer simulations on the temperature-gradient-driven mass transport confirm that thermocapillarity is the dominating mechanism of the observed surface patterning.

Keywords: Thermocapillarity; surface plasmon lithography; ploymer; PMMA; laser irradiation; thin films

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8768
Publ.-Id: 8768


The structure of soddyite-exafs shell fitting and wavelet analysis

Funke, H.; Hennig, C.; Scheinost, A.

Many uranyl (U(VI)) minerals have a characteristic layer structure in the equatorial plane due to the strong electrovalence of the two axial oxygen atoms. For structures containing heavy atoms like U, the XRD patterns are dominated by the backscattering from the heavy atoms, while the positions of light atoms like O or Si may be occasionally inaccurate. The EXAFS spectrum were measured of a soddyite sample of Renaud Vochten’s collection of uranium minerals at 30 K. The local structure determined by shell fitting is fairly consistent with crystallographic data. Wavelet analysis clearly resolved the Si and U atoms at nearly the same distance between 3.6 and 3.9 Å.

  • Poster
    4th Workshop on Speciation, Techniques, and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources (Actinide XAS 2006), 18.-20.09.2006, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Actinide XAS 2006, 18.-20.09.2006, Karlsruhe, Germany
    Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources: OECD, 978-92-64-99006-7, 211

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8767
Publ.-Id: 8767


Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors by targeting extra domain B fibronectin: identification of the best-suited radioimmunoconjugate.

Berndorff, D.; Borkowski, S.; Sieger, S.; Rother, A.; Friebe, M.; Viti, F.; Friebe, M.; Hilger, C. S.; Cyr, J. E.; Dinckelborg, L. M.

PURPOSE: The expression of extra domain B (ED-B) fibronectin is always associated with angiogenic processes and can be exclusively observed in tissues undergoing growth and/or extensive remodeling. Due to this selective expression, ED-B fibronectin is an interesting target for radioimmunotherapy of malignant diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate ED-B-targeting radioimmunoconjugate for the therapy of solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three ED-B fibronectin-binding human antibody formats of L19 were investigated: dimeric single-chain Fv (approximately 50 kDa), "small immunoprotein" (SIP, approximately 80 kDa), and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1, approximately 150 kDa). These L19 derivatives were either labeled with I-125 or with In-111 (using MX-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, MX-DTPA). Pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation of the radiolabeled immunoconjugates were investigated in F9 (murine teratocarcinoma) tumor-bearing mice. Subsequently, dosimetry for the corresponding therapeutic isotopes I-13-1 and Y-90 was done. After testing the myelotoxicity of I-131-L19-SIP and I-131-L19-IgG1 in non-tumor-bearing mice, the therapeutic efficacy of these iodinated antibody formats was finally investigated in F9 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS: The most favorable therapeutic index was found for I-131-L19-SIP followed by I-131-L19-IgG1. The therapeutic index of all In-111-labeled derivatives was significantly inferior. Considering the bone marrow as the dose-limiting organ, it was calculated that activities of 74 MBq I-131-L19-SIP and 25 MBq I-131-L19-IgG1 could be injected per mouse without causing severe myelotoxicity. The best therapeutic efficacy was observed using I-131-L19-SIP, resulting in significant tumor growth delay and prolonged survival after a single injection. CONCLUSION: Compared with other L19-based radioimmunoconjugates, I-131-L19-SIP is characterized by superior antitumor efficacy and toxicity profile in the F9 teratocarcinoma animal model. These results indicate that ED-B fibronectin-targeted radioimmunotherapy using I-131-L19-SIP has potential to be applied to treatment of solid cancers.

  • Clinical Cancer Research 11(2005), 7053s-7063s

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8766
Publ.-Id: 8766


In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of various adipose tissue deposits in mice

Strobel, K.; van den Hoff, J.; Pietzsch, J.

An emerging paradigm supports the view that adipose tissue (AT) dysregulation might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance, atherosclerosis, and other disease states. In the last years, rodent models have played an important role in the investigation of AT biology and disorder. In this line, non-invasive differentiation and characterization of various AT deposits in the living animal is a current challenge. In the present paper, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) techniques are applied for quantitative in vivo evaluation of superficial and mediastinal brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as subcutaneous and intra-abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) deposits in mice.
All experiments were carried out in NMRI mice and nude mice aging from 8 to 24 weeks. Morphological differentiation between various BAT and WAT deposits was obtained by 1H-MRI at 7 Tesla using a Biospec 70/30 (Bruker, Germany). Images were obtained with high spatial resolution of 156 microns (field of view 4 x 4 cm, matrix size 256 x 256; slice thickness 1.5 to 3 mm). Furthermore, 1H-MRS has been performed to quantify in vivo the different lipid patterns in BAT and WAT deposits using a volume selective PRESS sequence on 3 to 8 mm^3 voxels.
In both nude mice and NMRI mice the various BAT and WAT deposits were clearly distinguished from the non-AT tissue with excellent contrast by T1-weighted MSME MRI sequences. Comparison of MR images with corresponding histological whole-animal sections indicated high specificity and sensitivity of the MRI sequences applied. The high resolution spectra obtained at 7 T allow identification of at least 9 different proton resonances specific for lipids, and thus, for calculation of mono- to polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in vivo. In this study, nude mice showed a 1.5- to 3-fold higher degree of unsaturation and polyunsaturation of triglyceride fatty acid acyl chains in BAT when compared to NMRI mice. No differences were observed in WAT deposits.
High-resolution MRI and MRS are potentially useful tools for studying the biology of different BAT and WAT deposits non-invasively in small experimental animals in vivo.

  • Poster
    ESMRMB 23. Annual Scientific Meeting, European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology, 21.-23.09.2006, Warsaw, Poland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 19(2006)Suppl. 1, 236
    ISSN: 0968-5243

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8765
Publ.-Id: 8765


β´´-(ET)2SF5CH2CF2SO3 - a layered 2D metal with vanishing interlayer coupling

Wosnitza, J.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets (ISCOM2005), 11.-16.09.2005, Key West, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8763
Publ.-Id: 8763


Recent developments at the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Wosnitza, J.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields - V, 05.-09.08.2005, Tallahassee, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8762
Publ.-Id: 8762


Metalle in hohen Magnetfeldern

Wosnitza, J.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Physikalisches Kolloquium der Universität Konstanz, 05.07.2005, Konstanz, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8761
Publ.-Id: 8761


Coil design for non-destructive pulsed-field magnets targeting 100 T

Zherlitsyn, S.; Bianchi, A. D.; Hermannsdörfer, T.; Pobell, F.; Skourski, Y.; Sytcheva, A.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.

Progress and recent achievements in coil design are presented for the new Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD), which is under construction at the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf. This laboratory is planned to be open for external users in 2007. The facility is placed near a free electron laser which will offer the opportunity to perform infrared spectroscopy in pulsed magnetic fields. Implementation of various experimental techniques, such as transport, magnetization, specific heat, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance in pulsed magnetic fields up to 100 T are planned. Typical pulse durations will be in the range between 10 and 1000 ms with magnet bores ranging from 20 to 40 mm. The pulsed magnets will be energized by a 50 MJ/24 kV modular capacitive pulsed-power supply. With our newly designed coils, so far we were able to reach 65 T in a non-destructive manner. These coils are built using regular copper wire reinforced with an organic fiber (Zylon). Pulse durations for the various coils are between 20 and 50 ms. Different magnet failure modes have been analysed and possible improvements of the magnets are discussed.
We also present numerical simulations of our pulsed magnets.

  • IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 16(2006), 1660

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8760
Publ.-Id: 8760


Metals at high magnetic fields

Wosnitza, J.

es hat kein Abstract vorgelegen.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Seminar at the Laboratoire National des Champes Megnétiques Pulsés (CNRS-LNCMP), 15.03.2005, Toulouse, France
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Seminar at the International Max-Planck Research School, Dresden, 13.07.2005, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8759
Publ.-Id: 8759


Increase of blue electroluminescence from Ce-doped SiO2 layers through sensitization by Gd3+ ions

Sun, J. M.; Prucnal, S.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.; Rebohle, L.; Gebel, T.

Efficient blue electroluminescence peak at around 440 nm with a maximum output power density of 34 mW/cm2 was obtained from Ce and Gd coimplanted metal-oxide-semiconductor light emitting devices. Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Ce3+ ions was observed during the excitation process, leading to a more than threefold increase of the external quantum efficiency of the blue Ce3+ luminescence up to 1.8%. This is evidenced by the increase of the excitation cross section of Ce3+ ions from 4.8x10−13 to 3.5x10−12 cm2 and the simultaneous reduction of the decay time and the impact
cross section of Gd3+ ions.

Keywords: Si light emitter; electroluminescence; rare earth

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8758
Publ.-Id: 8758


Extraction of radio-labelled xanthine derivatives by artificial receptors – deep insight into the association behaviour

Bomkamp, M.; Siering, C.; Landrock, K.; Stephan, H.; Fröhlich, R.; Waldvogel, S. R.

Association constants for the interaction of almost insoluble substrates with triphenylene ketal-based receptors in toluene have been determined by means of an extraction method employing the corresponding radio-labelled substrates. Flexible and more polar receptors tend to aggregate and exhibit inferior extraction qualities. Binding constants in toluene were found to be in the range 105–107M-1 which is significantly higher than in dichloromethane.
X-ray analyses indicate the direct participation of a water molecule in the binding process, which may account for the surprisingly small effect of moisture in the solvent on the stability of the complexes.

Keywords: caffeine; extraction; isotopic labelling; receptors; supramolecular chemistry

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8757
Publ.-Id: 8757


The new Seattle-TRIUMF 7Be(p,γ)8B S-factor determination

Junghans, A. R.; Mohrmann, E. C.; Snover, K. A.; Steiger, T. D.; Adelberger, E. G.; Casandjian, J. M.; Swanson, H. E.; Buchmann, L. R.; Laird, A.; Zyuzin, S. P. A. Y.

We present new measurements of the 7Be(p,γ)8B cross section from ‏‾Ecm = 116 to 2460 keV. Our new measurements lead to S17(0) = 22.1 ± 0.6(expt) ± 0.6(theor) eV b, where the central value is based on the theory of Descouvemont and Baye. We recommend a “best” value, S17(0) = 21.4 ± 0.5(expt) ± 0.6(theor) eV b, based on the mean of all modern direct measurements below the 1+ resonance.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8756
Publ.-Id: 8756


Structure analysis of actinide compounds in solution by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Hennig, C.

Actinides with their large number of oxidation states are susceptible to redox conditions, forming different complexes in aqueous solution which may greatly differ by solubility and mobility. These complexes are often difficult to investigate due to their complex species distribution and thermodynamic metastability. Thermodynamic estimation of species distribution may fail for higher actinide concentrations. In such cases X-ray absorption spectroscopy is able to reveal structural parameters that provide information on the solution species. A spectroelectrochemical cell was developed for the study of structure and speciation of actinide complexes in situ by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, while applying and maintaining a constant potential. This equipment allows the investigation of actinide complexes under different redox conditions. An overview about the actual knowledge of actinides coordination in valence states III, IV, V, VI and VII in aqueous solution will be given.

Keywords: EXAFS; coordination; An(III); An(IV); An(V); An(VI); An(VII)

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    23nd European Crystallographic Meeting, 06.-11.08.2006, Leuven, Belgium
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Acta Crystallographica Section A 62(2006), 61

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8749
Publ.-Id: 8749


Mo K-edge EXAFS investigation of the [Mo7O24]6- promoted phosphate ester hydrolysis

van Deun, R.; Hennig, C.; Cartuyvels, E.; Nikitenko, S.; Parac-Vogt, T. N.

The early transition metals (V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) in their high oxidation states are able to form metal-oxygen clusters, commonly referred to as polyoxometallates (POMs). The diverse structures and compositions of polyoxometallates offer a wide versatility in terms of shape, polarity, redox potentials, surface charge distribution and acidity, and allow for numerous potential applications of POMs. The first reports describing the antitumoral activity of POMs appeared about ten years ago, and they have revealed that the antitumoral activity of [Mo7O24]6- is even better than that of commercial drugs. We have investigated the potential towards phosphate ester bond cleavage of the [Mo7O24]6- cluster.

Keywords: EXAFS; polyoxometallate; anti-tumor activity

  • Poster
    23nd European Crystallographic Meeting, 06.-11.08.2006, Leuven, Belgium
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Acta Crystallographica Section A 62(2006), s206
    ISSN: 90-8649-040-9

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8748
Publ.-Id: 8748


A comparative UV-Vis and EXAFS investigation of the coordination of the uranyl ion UO22+ in solution

Servaes, K.; Hennig, C.; van Deun, R.; Görller-Walrand, C.

The identification of uranyl complexes in solution is not always straightforward. Unlike crystal structures, which can be revealed by X-ray diffraction, the structure of solution species could only be indicated in the past by means of spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, luminescence, magnetic circular dichroism). These methods demonstrated the existence of a uranyl tetrachloro complex [UO2Cl4]2- with D4h coordination symmetry and a uranyl trinitrato complex [UO2(NO3)3]- with D3h symmetry in non-aqueous solution, based on their characteristic absorption spectra.Nowadays, limited structural parameters of solution species can be determined using Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). The complex formation of the uranyl ion UO22+ with small inorganic ligands like Cl- and NO3- in non-aqueous solution was investigated using U LIII EXAFS spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Both techniques confirm the existence of a [UO2Cl4]2- limiting species with D4h symmetry as well as a [UO2(NO3)3]- limiting species with D3h symmetry in acetonitrile solution. The distances in the U(VI) coordination sphere of [UO2Cl4]2- are U-Oax = 1.77 ± 0.01 Ǻ and U-Cl = 2.68 ± 0.01 Ǻ. For [UO2(NO3)3]- the distances in the U(VI) coordination sphere are U-Oax = 1.77 ± 0.01 Ǻ and U-Oeq = 2.49 ± 0.01 Ǻ. The U-N distance of 2.94 ± 0.01 Ǻ points at a bidentate coordination mode of the nitrate group.

Keywords: UV-vis; EXAFS; uranium complexes; nonaqueous solution

  • Poster
    23rd European Crystallographic Meeting, 06.-11.08.2006, Leuven, Belgium
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Acta Crystallographica Section A 62(2006), 205
    ISSN: 90-8649-040-9

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8747
Publ.-Id: 8747


Comparison of in vitro and in vivo properties of 99mTc-cRGD peptides labelled using different novel Tc-cores

Decristoforo, C.; Santos, I.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Duatti, A.; Smith, C. J.; Rey, A.; Alberto, R.; von Guggenberg, E.; Haubner, R.

The alphavbeta3 integrin is involved in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. RGD-peptides bind with high affinity to this integrin. This study compares the influence of 99mTc-labelling applying novel Technetium-cores on imaging characteristics of the radiolabelled peptide. Different peptide conjugates based on the cyclic pentapeptide c(RGDyK) (cRGD) were prepared and characterised (HYNIC-, Cys-, L2- and Pz1-cRGD). Radiolabelling experiments using different coligands for HYNIC-cRGD, the 99mTc(CO)3 metal fragment for PZ-1-cRGD (pyrazolyl-derivative), the Tc-nitrido-core using a phosphine-coligand (PNP) for Cys-cRGD and an isonitrile–conjugate (L2-cRGD) together with a NS3-coligand (4+1 concept) were performed and showed labelling yields >90% at high specific activities. A high in vitro stability was observed, plasma protein binding and lipophilicity varied considerably between different radiolabelled cRGD conjugates. Experiments on biological activity of the radiolabelled peptides using alphavbeta3 positive (M21) and negative (M21L) tumour cells did show specific uptake of various conjugates. Studies in tumour bearing animals revealed significant differences between different conjugates concerning pharmacokinetic behaviour (predominant renal excretion to considerable hepatobiliary clearance) as well as tumour uptake (0.2-2.7%ID/g). Highest specific tumour uptake and tumour/background values were found for 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-c(RGDyK), 99mTc-Nitrido-PNP-Cys-c(RGDyK) and 99mTc(CO)3-Pz1-c(RGDyK). In conclusion, using novel Tc-cores such as the 99mTc(CO)3 metal fragment, Tc-nitrido- and the 4+1 concept peptides could be labelled with 99mTc-technetium at high specific activities resulting in complexes with high stability, but binding moieties have to be optimized especially concerning hydrophilicity resulting in renal rather than hepatobiliary excretion. This comparative study underlines that peptide labelling strategies using 99mTc have to be properly selected and optimized. Different in vitro assays are necessary to predict targeting properties in vivo.

  • Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 51(2007), 33-41

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8746
Publ.-Id: 8746


Röntgenographische Elektronendichtebestimmung von unterschiedlich synthetisierten YNi2B2C-Einkristallen

Leisegang, T.; Meyer, D. C.; Paufler, P.; Souptel, D.; Behr, G.; Bergk, B.; Ignatchik, O.; Wosnitza, J.; Ormeci, A.; Rosner, H.

Das Übergangsmetall-Borkarbid YNi2B2C (Raumgruppe 8139) I4/mmm) geht bei Temperaturen unterhalb von ca. 15 K vom normalleitenden in den supraleitenden Zustand über [1]. Das supraleitende Verhalten ist stark von der chemischen Zusammensetzung im schmalen Homogenitätsbereich und von Feinheiten der Struktur abhängig.
Qualitativ hochwertige Einkristalle lassen sich mit dem Zonenschmelzverfahren [2] oder der Flusszüchgung [3] synthetisieren. Zur Bestimmung der elektronischen Bandstruktur sowie zur Charakterisierung der supraleitenden Energielücke wurden von Ignatchik et al. [4] de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) Messungen an Einkristallen beider Züchungsmethoden durchgeführt. Die dHvA-Oszillationen weisen eine ungewöhnliche Dämpfung in der supraleitenden Phase für die zonengeschnmolzenen Proben auf. Im Unterschied dazu lassen sich für flussgezogene Proben Oszillationen deutlich bis zu tiefen Temperaturen beobachten.
Zur Aufklärung dieser Unterschiede wurden nun an denselben Proben röntgeneinkristalldiffraktometrische Messungen bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Neben der Strukturverfeinerung zur Bestimmung der exakten Kristallstruktur werden verschiedene Fehlordnungsmodelle diskutiert. Die aus den verfeinerten Parametern berechneten Eletronendichteverteilungen werden mit theoretischen Berechnungen verglichen. Erst Ergebnisse weisen auf unterschiedliche Besetzungswahrscheinlichkeiten der C-Lage hin.
Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft im Rahmen des SFB 463 unterstützt.
[1] R. Nagarajan et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 274-277 (1994).
[2] D. Souptel et al. J. Cryst. Growth 276, 652-662 (2005).
[3] P. Canfield et al. Phys. Today 51 (10), 40-46 (1998).
[4] O. Ignatchik et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 290-291, 424-427 (2005).

  • Poster
    14. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kristallographie 2006, 03.-06.04.2006, Freiburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8745
Publ.-Id: 8745


Magnetic quantum oscillations in the normal and superconducting state of nonmagnetic borocarbides

Ignatchik, O.; Bergk, B.; Jäckel, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Souptel, D.; Behr, G.; Canfield, P. C.

We report on de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) investigations of the non-magnetic borocarbides YNi2B2C and LuNi2B2C. The measurements were carried out on high-quality single crystals by the torque method in magnetic fields up to 30 T. In the normal state the Fermi-surface topology has been analysed. In comparison with band-structure calculations several deviations are determined. Below the upper critical field, Bc2, in the vortex state an additional damping of the dHvA amplitudes appears. This damping is caused by the evolution from of the superconducting gap parameter. Concerning these topics we observe strong differences between differently grown crystals. The crystals produced by a zone-melting method show an abrupt vanishing of the dHvA signal at the upper critical field Bc2. In contrast, the flux grown crystals display a broader phase transition combined with a continuous decrease of the dHvA amplitude.

  • Poster
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8744
Publ.-Id: 8744


Granularity and Spontaneous Vortex State for the Weakly Ferromagnetic Superconductor RuSr2GdCu2O8

Papageorgiou, T.; Casini, E.; Braun, H. F.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Bianchi, A. D.; Wosnitza, J.

In the high-Tc cuprate RuSr2GdCu2O8 (Ru1212) weak ferromagnetism (T Ru/N ? 130 K) coexists with superconductivity (Tc,conset ? 50 K). This rises the interesting question concerning the formation of a spontaneous vortex state (SVS) in the case that the internal magnetic field is greater than the first critical field Hc1. Recently, the formation of a SVS has been proposed for Ru1212 after the phase diagram for this compound was constructed from dc-magnetization and resistance measurements [1]. We show, by a comparison of resistance with ac-susceptibility and dc-magnetization measurements, where both the intra- and inter-granular superconducting transition are obvious, that the granular nature of the investigated samples has to be carefully considered in the investigations of possible SVS formation. A particular SVS with vortices pinned in the intergrain area is much more likely. Single crystals would be required to unambiguously demonstrate the formation or non-formation of a spontaneaous vortex state in bulk Ru1212.
[1] C. Y. Yang, B. C. Chang, H. C. Ku, Y. Y. Hsu, cond-mat/0507014

  • Poster
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8743
Publ.-Id: 8743


Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electron density calculation of YNi2B2C

Leisegang, T.; Meyer, D. C.; Paufler, P.; Souptel, D.; Behr, G.; Ignatchik, O.; Ormeci, A.; Rosner, H.; Wosnitza, J.

The quarternary borocarbide YNi2B2C, space group (139) I4/mmm, exhibits superconductivity (Tc ≈ 15 K) as was first reported in [1]. This superconducting behaviour depends strongly on the crystal composition within the samll homogeneity range and on the crystal growth conditions. Here we report on investigations of two different samples, namely bulk samples grown by a floating zone technique [2] and plate samples grown by a flux-growth method [3]. De Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) measurements were performed to determine the electronic band structure as well as the evolution of a superconducting energy gap at the Fermi surface [4]. To evaluate the exact crystal structure, single-crystal X-ray diffaction measurements at room temperature were performed. Different models of structural disorder were refined and a difference-Fourier analysis was carried out. The experimental electron density will be compared with theoretical calculations. The work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 463).
[1] Nagarajan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 274 (1994).
[2] Souptel et al., J. Cryst. Growth 276, 652 (2005).
[3] Canfield et al., Phys. Today 51, 40 (1998).
[4] Ignatchik et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 290-291, 424 (2005).

  • Lecture (Conference)
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8742
Publ.-Id: 8742


Uranium(VI) complexes with phospholipid model compounds – a laser spectroscopic study

Koban, A.; Bernhard, G.

We present the complex formation of the uranyl ion (UO22+) in the aqueous system with phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine and O-phosphoserine. These phosphonates (R-O-PO32-) represent the hydrophilic head groups of phospholipids. The complexation was investi-gated by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) at pH 2 to 6. An increase of the fluorescence intensity, connected with a strong red shift of about 8 nm com-pared to the free uranyl ion, indicates a complex formation between UO22+ and the phospho-nates already at pH 2. Even at pH 6 these complexes prevail over the uranyl hydroxide and carbonate species, which are generated naturally at this pH. At pH 4 and higher a 1 : 2 com-plex between uranyl and O-phosphoserine was found. Complexes with a metal-to-ligand ratio of 1 : 1 were observed for all other ligands. Fluorescence lifetimes, emission maxima and complex stability constants at T = 22 ± 1°C are reported. The TRLFS spectra of uranyl com-plexes with two phosphatidic acids (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate), which represent the apolaric site of phospholipids, show in each case two different species.

Keywords: TRLFS; uranyl; phospholipid fragments; phosphonates; complexation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8741
Publ.-Id: 8741


Spin-zero anomaly in the magnetic quantum oscillatins of a two-dimensional metal

Bergk, B.; Ignatchik, O.; Jäckel, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Gvozdikov, V. M.; Schlueter, J. A.; Mohtasham, J.; Winter, R. W.; Gard, G. L.

We present de Haas-van Alplhen (dHvA) and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) measurements on the quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor β"-(BEDT-TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3. The measurements were carried out by the torque method and by four-point low-frequency ac-resistance measurements in magnetic fields up to 15 T. Unlike theoretical expectations for two-dimensional metals the dHvA signal shows an unconventional sawtooth wave-form, e. e., an 'inversed sawtooth' wave form is observed.In order to investigate the behaviour in more detail we performed angle-dependent dHvA and SdH measurements. The SdH effect displays the behaviour predicted by the grand-canonical Lifshitz-Kosevich theorie. In contrast, the dHvA signal can be explained by a theory, which includes a slightly oscillating chemical potential. Even for simultaneous measurements of both effects the behaviour does not change. This means that the dHvA signal is not affected by an external charge carrier reservoir.

  • Poster
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8740
Publ.-Id: 8740


Electron Spin Resonance in sine-Gordon Spin Chains in the Perturbative Spinon Regime

Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Kolezhuk, A.; Krzystek, J.; Feyerherm, R.

We report on low-temperature multi-frequency ESR studies of coopper pyrimidine dinitrate, a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chain with alternating g-tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, allowing us to test a new theoretical concept proposed recently by Oshikawa and Affleck [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5136 (1999)]. Their theory, based on bosonization and the self-energy formalism, can be applied for precise calculation of ESR parameters of S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains in the perturbative spinon regime. Excellent quantitative agreement between the theoretical predictions and experiment is obtained. Results of the presentation are published in: S.A. Zvyagin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 017207, 2005.

  • Poster
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8739
Publ.-Id: 8739


Sample-dependent resistivity profiles in K-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br organic superconductors - interrelations with other normal- and superconducting-state properties

Strack, C.; Akinci, C.; Paschenko, V.; Wolf, B.; Uhrig, E.; Assmus, W.; Lang, M.; Schreuer, J.; Wiehl, L.; Schlueter, J.; Wosnitza, J.; Schweitzer, D.; Wyckhoff, J.

The organic superconductor κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2Br shows striking sample-to-sample variations in the electrical resistivity [1]: While most of the crystals reveal a ρ(T) maximum around 90 K with a semiconducting behaviour above, some remain metallic for T < 300 K. In the absence of significant differences in the crystals´structural parameters, chemical composition and ESR spectra, these results indicate that real structure phenomena, i.e. disorder and/or defects, strongly affect the inclastic scattering. [1]. Here we report on a comparative resistivity study on a variety of crystals with quite different ρ(T) profiles. The work aims at seeking out interrelations between the anomalous scattering contributions at intermediate temperatures and features of the normal- and superconducting-state, susch as the glass transition at T9 ≈ 77 K, the temperature T* ≈ 40 K [1], as well as the superconducting transition temperature. [1] C. Strack et al., Phys. Rev. B 72 054511 (2005)

  • Lecture (Conference)
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8737
Publ.-Id: 8737


Untersuchung des Verhaltens von freigesetztem Isolationsmaterial in einer Kühlmittelströmung (Kühlmittelströmung mit Feststoffpartikeln) - Modellentwicklung

Krepper, E.; Grahn, A.

Die CFD-Modellierung des Fasertransports wurde auf der Basis des Euler/Euler-Ansatzes untersucht. Die Nachbildung des Transportverhaltens der Partikel erfordert die korrekte Beschreibung des Impulsaustausches. Hierfür liefert die Auswertung der Sinkgeschwindigkeiten aus den Experimenten am Versuchsstand „Säule“ die notwendigen Informationen. Über die Vorgabe von Partikeldichte und Partikeldurchmesser kann die Sinkgeschwindigkeit nachgebildet und der Partikeltransport adäquat modelliert werden. Beispielsimulationen einer partikelbeladenen Strömung im Versuchsstand „Ringkanal“ lieferten plausible Resultate.
Das Anlagerungs- bzw. Abtragungsverhalten der Partikel an Hindernissen (z. B. Wehren) wurde über die Modellierung einer vom Feststoffanteil abhängigen Viskosität simuliert. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde an die Ergebnisse der Experimente im Ringkanal angepasst. Erste Demonstrationsrechnungen zur Beschreibung des Partikeltransportes an Hindernissen ergaben plausible Resultate. In anderen Beispielen zeigte die Parametervariation einer feststoffabhängigen Viskosität jedoch einen zu geringen Einfluss auf die berechneten Ablagerungsmengen, um die experimentellen Befunde zu reproduzieren.
Es wurde ein Modell des Differenzdruckaufbaus aus den Kompaktierungseigenschaften der auf dem Sieb abgelagerten Fasern entwickelt und an Experimenten justiert. Damit steht neben den in der Literatur veröffentlichten Korrelationen ein weiteres Verfahren zur Berechnung des Differenzdrucks zur Verfügung. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde die Wirkung eines Siebes auf das Strömungsfeld unter Nutzung des Modellansatzes des porösen Körpers in CFX-4.4 implementiert. Das implementierte Modell liefert qualitativ plausible Resultate.

Keywords: CFD; fibre transport; sedimentation; resuspension; difference pressure at sieves

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZR-458 2006
    ISSN: 1437-322X

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8736
Publ.-Id: 8736


Sound wave anomalies in superconducting compounds

Lüthi, B.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Wolf, B.

Temperature dependence of the elastic constants in the superconducting state is described on the basis of the Ginsburg-Landau theory. This approach shows very general character and allows to describe quantitative renormalization of the elastic constants in the superconducting state for different materials including non-conventional superconductors. Various examples (A-15 compounds, Chevrel compounds, CeRu2, Ba0.63K0.37BiO3, Yb3Rh4Sn13, Ca3Rh4Sn13, HfV2, some heavy fermion compounds and Sr2RuO4) are given.

  • European Physical Journal B 46(2005), 169-176

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8734
Publ.-Id: 8734


Bindungsformen des Urans in umweltrelevanten Kompartimenten

Bernhard, G.

Ausgehend vom Vorkommen, der physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften und der Verwendung werden die Eintragspfade für Uran in die Umwelt behandelt. Hintergrundwissen bilden dabei die zahlreichen Daten zu den Gehalten in den Kompartimenten Boden, Gestein, Mineral, unterschiedlichen Wässern, der Luft und in den Biosystemen.
Nach der Besprechung der Methoden zur Bestimmung der Bindungsform werden die Ergebnisse zur Uranbindungsform in unterschiedlichen Wässern und in Bakterien vorgestellt.

  • Lecture (others)
    Vortrag im Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 13.09.2006, Jülich, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8733
Publ.-Id: 8733


Solitary waves in S = 1/2 quantum spin chains: ESR study in magnetic fields up to 25 T

Zvyagin, S. A.; Kolezhuk, A. K.; Krzystek, J.; Feyerherm, R.

We report the low-temperature multifrequency ESR studies of copper pyrimidine dinitrate, a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chain with alternating g tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, allowing us to test a new theoretical concept proposed recently by Oshikawa and Affleck [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5136 (1999)]. Their theory, based on bosonization and self-energy formalism, can be applied for precise calculation of ESR parameters of S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains in the perturbative spinon regime. Excellent quantitative agreement between the theoretical predictions and experiment is obtained.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields-V, 05.-09.08.2005, Tallahassee, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8732
Publ.-Id: 8732


Tunable-frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance - a Novel Tool to Investigate High-Spin Transition Metal Complexes

Krzystek, J.; Ozarowski, A.; Trofimenko, S.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Telser, J.

Although Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) has been a very successful method to investigate transition metal ions in coordination complexes and biomolecules, not all such ions can be subject to conventional EPR investigations even if they are paramagnetic. In particular, high-spin (S >1/2) species pose serious challenges to spectroscopists, and of these, the non-Kramers (integer-spin) ions have been long considered ‘EPR-silent’ at conventional frequencies and fields. We propose a novel EPR-related technique that takes an advantage of tunable sources operating in the sub-THz range of frequencies in conjunction with very high magnetic fields (up to 25 Tesla) to determine accurate intrinsic spin Hamiltonian parameters not only for a variety of non-Kramers transition metal ions (such as Ni2+, Mn3+, and Fe2+) that have traditionally been termed ‘EPR-silent’, but also for those Kramers (half-integer) species that are poorly characterized in their high-spin states, such as Co2+. The obtained parameters can serve to better characterize the electronic structure of the ions in question, in combination with other experimental methods.

  • Advances in Coordination, Bioinorganic and Inorganic Chemistry (2005), 143-158

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8730
Publ.-Id: 8730


Magnetic excitations in sine-Gordon spin chains: ESR studies

Zvyagin, S. A.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop, 15.08.2005, Kharkov, Ukrainian

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8729
Publ.-Id: 8729


High-Field Electron Spin Resonance in Quasi-2D Frustrated Spin System SrCu2(BO3)2

Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Krzysted, J.; Stern, R.; Dabkowska, H.; Gaulin, B.

We present results of high-frequency/field Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) studies of the highly frustrated spin system SrCu2(BO3)2,which can be regarded as to the best known realization of the Shastry-Sutherland model for two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets. The frequency-field diagram of magnetic excitations has been studied in a frequency range of 150-700 GHz, employing unable-frequency ESR technique. Two gapped odes were observed in the excitation spectrum. The size of the quantum spin gaps determined directly is: 708 GHz and 764 GHz (34 K and 36.7 K). The observation of excitations from the ground state (which are normally forbidden) and a double-gap structure of the ESR excitation spectrum in SrCu2(BO3)2 suggest and essential role of the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction. The results are compared with those obtained by Nojiri et al. [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68, 2906 (1999); J.Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72, 3243 (2003)]. The temperature behavior of excited-state transitions in SrCu2(BO3)2 (ESR linewidth and intensity) is presented and discussed.

  • Poster
    Workshop Highly Frustrated Magnetism (HFM), 07.-09.11.2005, Agelonde, La Londe Les Maures, Frankreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8728
Publ.-Id: 8728


Adhesion Issues in PBO/Epoxy Composites

Liu, J.; Gao, S. L.; Mäder, E.; Bianchi, A. D.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.

This study aims to address interfacial adhesion requirements for composites with high electrical insulation properties for extreme high magnetic field and pressure environments. The magnetic field is one fundamental parameter influencing the physics of many systems. Over the recent years, research with high magnetic fields has led to a range of enhanced modern technologies. These efforts were triggered by experiments such as the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect and as a result several high magnetic field facilities were built in the US, Japan, and Europe. The current technology limits the generation of static magnetic fields to 45 T. Magnetic fields of up to about 70 T are only available for experiments with pulse duration in the ms range. The Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, as well as the Los Alamos branch of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, are aiming at generating fields up to 100 T. The access to this magnetic field range possesses a large number of technological issues, particularly abnormal heating and high stress, generated by the Lorentz forces from the electrical current and the magnetic field of the magnet. In a 100 T magnet these forces amount to a pressure of the order of 4 GPa and ordinary steel would burst under the stresses involved in confining the high magnetic field inside the magnet. This problem is circumvented by reinforcing all conductor layers of the coil with high modulus fibre reinforced composites. Because the pulsed field magnets are operated at high voltages and large currents, this demands high electrical insulation properties of the composite and makes the use of electrically conducting carbon fibres problematic. Today, the high ultimate tensile strength of 5 GPa, high heat resistance/service temperature and the good insulation properties make poly p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) fibre of good choice. However, it is challenging to get adequate interfacial adhesion of PBO fibre due to the nonpolar surface nature of PBO preventing any chemical bonding the smooth PBO surface with polymer matrix.
We have characterised the interfacial adhesion strength and critical interphase energy release rate by single fibre pull-out tests. The PBO fibre surfaces were de-sized by extraction of the commercial finish, and sized with different sizings. In addition, both O2 and NH3 gas plasma treatments and plasma modification with Maleic anhydride were used. It was found that the rather low surface free energy of the as-received PBO fibres (34 mJ/m²) could be increased by appropriate surface modification, particularly the oxygen-plasma and Maleic anhydride graft. However, the adhesion strength increased marginally with increasing surface free energy due to induced limited hydrogen and covalent bonds at their interface, which is in the same level like aramid, i.e. below the adhesion strength of glass fibre / epoxy systems. A short time plasma treatment (30s) with NH3 gas results in both reduction of surface energy and interfacial adhesion strength. AFM was used to characterize the surface topography varied by different fibre surface modifications and to evaluate the fracture surfaces. The fractographs are dominated by adhesive failure, that is to say, the interfacial crack propagation occurs primarily in the fibre/matrix interface plane, suggesting a further improvement of chemical bonding/mechanical interlocking is required. Moreover, for the application in a high magnetic field also the temperature change in the coil during operation has to be taken into account. Epoxy resins with different temperature resistance have not shown significant differences in the interfacial shear strength. The micro-mechanical results agree well with those of compression shear tests performed with real composite samples.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Polymer Fibres 2006 Conference, 12.-14.07.2006, Manchester, UK

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8727
Publ.-Id: 8727


Spin excitations in S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains with alternating g-tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Kolezhuk, A. K.; Krzystek, J.; Feyerherm, R.

The magnetic excitation spectrum of copper pyrimidine dinitrate, a material containing s = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains with alternating g-tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and exhibiting a field-induced spin gap, is probed using multi-frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy in magnetic fields up to 25 T. Signatures of three breather branches an a soliton, as well as those of several multi-particle excitation modes are identified, and their frequency-field dependences are described in frame of the quantum sine-Gordon field theory. In addition, a new theoretical concept proposed recently by Oshikawa and Affleck [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5136 (1999)] ist tested. Their theory, based on bosonization and the self-energy formalism, can be applied for precise calculation of ESR parameters of s = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains in the perturbative spinon regime. Excellent quantitative agreement between the theoretical predictions and experiment is obtained. Results are published in S.A. Zvyagin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 027201 (2004);ibid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 012707 (2005).

  • Lecture (Conference)
    APS March Meeting, 13.-17.03.2006, Baltimore, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8725
Publ.-Id: 8725


Phase control of Al2O3 thin films grown at low temperatures

Andersson, J. M.; Wallin, E.; Helmersson, U.; Kreissig, U.; Münger, E. P.

Low-temperature growth (500°C) of alpha-Al2O3 thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering was achieved for the first time. The films were grown onto Cr2O3 nucleation layers and the effects of the total and O2 partial pressures were investigated. At 0.33 Pa total pressure and >16 mPa O2 partial pressure alpha-Al2O3 films formed, while at lower O2 pressure or higher total pressure (0.67 Pa), only gamma phase was detected in the films (which were all stoichiometric). Based on these results we suggest that alpha phase formation was promoted by a high energetic bombardment of the growth surface. This implies that the phase content of Al2O3 films can be controlled by controlling the energy of the depositing species. The effect of residual H2O (approx. 10(-4) Pa) on the films was also studied, showing no change in phase content and no incorporated H (< 0.1%). Overall, these results are of fundamental importance in the further development of low-temperature Al2O3 growth processes.

Keywords: Aluminum oxide; Chromium oxide; Sputtering; Ion bombardment; X-ray diffraction; Phase formation

  • Thin Solid Films 513(2006), 57-59

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8724
Publ.-Id: 8724


Dielectron production in 12C+12C collisions at 2 AGeV with HADES

Agakichiev, G.; Agodi, C.; Alvarez-Pol, H.; Balanda, A.; Bertini, D.; Bielcik, J.; Bellia, G.; Böhmer, M.; Bokemeyer, H.; Boyard, J. L.; Braun-Munziger, P.; Cabanas, P.; Chernenko, S.; Christ, T.; Coniglione, R.; Cosentino, L.; Diaz, J.; Dohrmann, F.; Duran, I.; Eberl, T.; Enghardt, W.; Fabbietti, L.; Fateev, O.; Fernandez, G.; Finocchiaro, P.; Friese, J.; Fröhlich, I.; Fuentes, B.; Garabatos, C.; Garzon, J. A.; Gernhäuser, R.; Golubeva, M.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Grosse, E.; Guber, F.; Hennino, T.; Hlavac, S.; Holzmann, R.; Homolka, J.; Ierusalimov, A.; Iori, I.; Ivashkin, A.; Jaskula, M.; Jurkovic, M.; Kargalis, M.; Kajetanowicz, M.; Kämpfer, B.; Kanaki, K.; Karavicheva, T.; Kastenmüller, A.; Kidon, L.; Kienle, P.; Koenig, I.; Koenig, W.; Körner, H. J.; Kolb, B. W.; Kotte, R.; Krücken, R.; Kugler, A.; Kühn, W.; Kulessa, R.; Kurepin, A.; Lang, S.; Lange, S.; Lehnert, J.; Lins, E.; Magestro, D.; Maiolino, C.; Malarz, A.; Markert, J.; Metag, V.; Mousa, J.; Münch, M.; Müntz, C.; Naumann, L.; Nekhaev, A.; Novotny, J.; Otwinowski, J.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pechenov, V.; Perez, T.; Piattelli, P.; Pietraszko, J.; Pleskac, R.; Ploskon, M.; Pospisil, V.; Prokopovicz, W.; Przygoda, W.; Ramstein, B.; Reshetin, A.; Ritman, J.; Roy-Stephan, M.; Rustamov, A.; Sadovsky, A.; Sailer, B.; Salabura, P.; Sanchez, M.; Sapienza, P.; Schmah, A.; Schön, H.; Schön, W.; Simon, R. S.; Smolyankin, V.; Smykov, L.; Spataro, S.; Spruck, B.; Ströbele, H.; Stroth, J.; Strurm, C.; Sudol, M.; Suk, M.; Taranenko, A.; Tlusty, P.; Toia, A.; Traxler, M.; Tsertos, H.; Vassiliev, D.; Vazquez, A.; Wagner, V.; Walus, W.; Wisniovski, M.; Wojcik, T.; Wüstenfeld, J.; Zanevsky, Y.; Zeitelhack, K.; Zoviec, D.; Zumbruch, P.

The invariant mass spectrum of e^+ e^- pairs produced in ^{12}C+^{12}C collisions at 2 GeV per nucleon incident energy has been measured for the first time with the HADES spectrometer at GSI. The measured pair production probabilities span over five orders of magnitude within the \pi^0\to e^+e^-\gamma to \rho/\omega\to e^+e^- invariant mass region. A thermal model of the dielectron sources underestimates the measured probabilities by a factor of roughly two at intermediate masses (0.2 -- 0.6 GeV/c^2) whereas it overshoots data at the \rho/\omega pole. Transport model calculations assuming vacuum spectral functions of the vector mesons fail to describe the entire invariant mass spectrum, as well.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8723
Publ.-Id: 8723


Fermi Surface of the Half Heusler Compounds Ce1-xLaxBiPt

Bianchi, A. D.; Wosnitza, J.; Kozlova, N.; Eckert, D.; Schultz, L.; Opahle, I.; Elgazzar, S.; Richter, M.; Doerr, M.; Hagel, J.; Goll, G.; von Löhneysen, H.; Zwicknagel, G.; Yoshino, T.; Takabatake, T.

We report on the Fermi surface in the correlated half-Heusler compound Ce1-xLaxBiPt. In CeBiPt we find a field-induced change of the electronic band structure as discovered by electrical-transport measurements in pulsed magnetic fields. For magnetic fields above ca 25 T, the charge-carrier concentration determined from Hall-effect measurements increases nearly 30%, whereas the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) signal disappears at the same field. In the non-4f compound LaBiPt the Fermi surface remains unaffected, suggesting that these features are intimately related to the Ce 4F electrons. Electronic band-structure calculations point to a 4f-polarization-induced change of the Fermi-surfache topology. In order to test this hypothesis, we have measured the (SdH) signal in a Ce0.95La0.05BiPt sample with a low La concentration.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    APS March Meeting, 13.-17.03.2006, Baltimore, USA
  • Poster
    DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 27.-31.03.2006, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8722
Publ.-Id: 8722


Elementary excitations in the S=1/2 quantum sine-gordon spin chain

Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Kolezhuk, A. K.; Krzystek, J.; Feyerherm, R.

An isotropic S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (AFM) chain with uniform nearest-neighbor exchange coupling represents one of the paradigm models of quantum magnetism. Its ground state is a spin singlet and the dynamics are determined by a gapless two-particle continuum of spin- 1/2 excitations, commonly referred to as spinons. Since the S = 1/2 AFM chain is critical, even small perturbations can considerably change fundamental properties of the system. One of the most prominent examples is the S = 1/2 AFM chain perturbed by an alternating g-tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction; this situation is realized experimentally in the copper pyrimidine dinitrate, Cu-PM. In the presence of such interactions, application of a uniform external field H induces an effective transverse staggered field h ∝ H, which leads to the opening of an energy gap Δ ∝ H2/3. Here we report on the excitation spectrum in Cu-PM measured using submillimeter wave electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in fields up to 25 T [1]. Ten excitation modes are resolved in the low-temperature spectrum. The field-induced gap is measured directly. Signatures of three breather branches and a soliton, as well as those of several multi-particle excitation modes are identified. The experimental data are sufficiently detailed to make a very accurate comparison with predictions based on the quantum sine-Gordon field theory [2]. In addition, a new theoretical concept proposed recently by Oshikawa and Affleck [3] has been tested. Their theory, based on bosonization and the self-energy formalism, can be applied for precise calculation of ESR parameters of S = 1/2 AFM chains in the perturbative spinon regime. Excellent quantitative agreement between the theoretical predictions and experiment is obtained [4].
[1] S.A. Zvyagin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 027201.
[2] M. Oshikawa and I. Affleck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 2883; I. Affleck and
M. Oshikawa, Phys. Rev. B 60 (1999) 1038; ibid 62 (2000) 9200.
[3] M. Oshikawa and I. Affleck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 5136.
[4] S.A. Zvyagin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 017207.

  • Poster
    International Conference on Magnetism (ICM), 20.-25.08.2006, Kyoto, Japan

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8720
Publ.-Id: 8720


Anisotropy and spin-triplet excitions in theS = 1/2 gapped antiferromagnet BaCuSi2O6.

Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Krzystek, J.; Stern, R.; Jaime, M.; Sasago, Y.; Uchinokura, K.

BaCuSi2O6 (also known as Han Purple Pigment) can be regarded as an almost ideal realization of the S = 1/2 system of weakly-interacting spin dimers with the spin-singlet ground state and gapped excitation spectrum [1]. By application of an external magnetic field the gap can be closed, creating a gas of interacting bosonic spin-triplet excitations (triplons). In BaCuSi2O6 this phenomenon can be effectively described in terms of the field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons [2]. Here, we focus on another interesting phenomenon associated with interacting excited triplets but in the low-field quantum-disordered state. We argue that a fine structure observed in low-temperature EPR spectra of BaCuSi2O6 is a fingerprint of triplet excitations (excitons), which are mobile at low temperatures and getting localized when the temperature is increased. Analyzing the angular dependence of the exciton modes allows us to precisely calculate the zero-field splitting with the triplet state and,correspondingly, the anisotropy parameter, D = 0.07 cm-1. The proposed procedure can be applied for a large number of S = 1/2 gapped quantum antiferromagnets with dimerized or alternating spin structure and might be of particular importance for studying anisotropy effects in S = 1/2 quantum chains (see for instance [3]). In addition, the temperature dependence of the EPR intensity and linewidth has been measured and discussed. The magnitude of the energy spin gap determined by analyzing the temperature dependence of the integrated signal intensity (¢ = 53 K) is in excellent agreement with data obtained from neutron-scattering measurements [1].
[1] Y. Sasago et al., Phys. Rev. B 55 (1997) 8357.
[2] M. Jaime et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 087203.
[3] R.D. Somma and A.A. Aligia, Phys. Rev. B 64 (2001) 024410.

  • Poster
    International Conference on Magnetism (ICM), 20.-25.08.2006, Kyoto, Japan

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8719
Publ.-Id: 8719


Untersuchungen zum Flüssigkeits-Holdup und zur Flüssigkeitsverweilzeit in Schüttungen mittels Röntgenradiographie und Gammatomographie

Hampel, U.; Bieberle, A.; Hessel, G.; Zimmermann, W.; Zippe, C.

Zusammenfassung
Es wurden Verweilzeituntersuchungen und Gasverteilungsmessungen an einer senkrecht mit Wasser durchströmten kiesbefüllten Säule mit vier intermediären Eisengranulatschichten durchgeführt. Zur Messung der Verweilzeitspektren wurde in die Zuleitung der Säule ein 60 ml Bolus BaCl2-Lösung (1,4 mol/l) eingespeist. Der Eintrittszeitpunkt des Bolus an der Säule wurde mittels einer direkt am Eintrittstutzen angebrachten Leitfähigkeitsnadelsonde erfasst. Der Durchgang des Tracerbolus durch verschiedene Messebenen wurde mittels Gammadurchstrahlung aufgezeichnet. Aus dem Schwächungssignal lassen sich Verweilzeitspektren direkt ableiten. Zur Bestimmung der Verweilzeit bzw. der mittleren Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in der Säule wurden zwei charakteristische Zeitpunkte des Verweilzeitspektrums verrechnet. Einmal der Frontzeitpunkt, der den erstmaligen Nachweis von Tracerflüssigkeit in der Messebene bezeichnet, sowie der Boluszeitpunkt, der durch die maximale Tracerkonzentration in der Messebene gegeben ist. Der gammadensitometrische Nachweis des Tracerbolus war aufgrund der starken axialen Dispersion nur in der unteren Hälfte der Säule möglich. Die Ergebnisse gaben keinen Hinweis auf größere gasbedingte hydraulische Obstruktionen in der Säule.
Der Nachweis von Gaseinschlüssen bzw. die Darstellung der Gasverteilung in vier ausgewählten Messebenen wurde mit dem Verfahren der Gammastrahlungstomographie realisiert. Die Messebenen wurden jeweils mittig zwischen den Eisengranulatschichten gewählt. Bezüglich der Verteilung des Bariumtracers wurden keine nennenswerten Konzentrationsgradienten im Messquerschnitt gefunden, so dass von einer homogenen Durchströmung der Säule ausgegangen werden kann. Erkannt wurden Gaseinschlüsse besonders im peripheren Bereich des Säulenquerschnitts. Der globale Gasgehalt ist dabei kleiner als 5%.

Keywords: Gammatomographie; Gammaradiographie; Röntgenradiographie; Flüssigkeitsverweilzeit; Schüttbett

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZR-456 2006
    ISSN: 1437-322X

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-8717
Publ.-Id: 8717


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