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41419 Publications

How worms survive desiccation: Trehalose pro water

Erkut, C.; Penkov, S.; Fahmy, K.; Kurzchalia, T. V.

While life requires water, many organisms, known as anhydrobiotes, can survive in the absence of water for extended periods of time. Although discovered 300 years ago, we know very little about the fascinating phenomenon of anhydrobiosis. In this paper, we summarize our previous findings on the desiccation tolerance of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva. A special emphasis is given to the role of trehalose in protecting membranes against desiccation. We also propose a simple mechanism for this process.

Keywords: infrared spectroscopy; anhydrobiosis; C. elegans

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16819
Publ.-Id: 16819


Radiohalogenated 4-anilinoquinazoline-based EGFR-TK inhibitors as potential cancer imaging agents

Neto, C.; Fernandes, C.; Oliveira, M. C.; Gano, L.; Mendes, F.; Kniess, T.; Santos, I.

Introduction: The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumors underlines the recent interest in EGFR as attractive target for the development of new cancer imaging agents. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) based on the anilinoquinazoline scaffold have been explored as potential probes for EGFR imaging. However, up to now, no optimal radiotracer is available. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of three novel halogenated 6-substituted 4-anilinoquinazoline based EGFR-TKIs. Radiosynthesis (125I and 18F) of the corresponding analogues was also performed.
Methods: 6a, 6b and 8 were obtained by reaction of 6-amino-4-anilinoquinazoline (5) with 3-/4-iodobenzoyl and 4-fluorobenzoyl chlorides. Inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation and A431 cellular proliferation were assessed by Western blot and MTT assays. 125I-anilinoquinazolines [125I]6a/b were prepared via destannylation of the corresponding tributylstannyl precursors with [125I]NaI. Cellular uptake studies were conducted in A431 cells. Optimization of the radiosynthesis of the 18F-anilinoquinazoline [18F]8 was attempted by nucleophilic substitution of the trimethylammonium- and nitro-6-substituted 4-anilinoquinazoline precursors.
Results: 6a, 6b and 8 were synthesized in high chemical yield. All of them are inhibitors of EGFR autophosphorylation (0.1bIC50b1 μM) and A431 cell proliferation (IC50 <3.5 μM). [125I]6a/b, obtained in high radiochemical purity and specific activity, were highly taken up by A431 cells. Biodistribution profile in mice indicated fast blood clearance and hepatobiliary excretion. Despite all attempts, [18F]8 was only formed in 4% yield, hampering further biological evaluation.
Conclusions: This study suggests that these quinazoline derivatives can act as EGFR-TKI, warranting further modifications in the chemical structure in order to be explored as potential molecular imaging agents for single photon emission computerized tomography and positron emission tomography.

Keywords: 4-Anilinoquinazolines; EGFR-TK inhibitors; Radiohalogenation; SPECT; PET; Iodine-125; Fluorine-18

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16818
Publ.-Id: 16818


Investigations on bubble-Induced turbulence modeling for vertical pipe bubbly flows

Liao, Y.; Lucas, D.

Recently, the effect of bubbles on the generation and destruction of turbulence in the liquid phase, the so-called Bubble-Induced Turbulence (BIT), is getting more and more attention in the numerical simulation of bubbly flows. There are several theories and models available in the literature, which helps much to understand the inherent characteristics of BIT. However, a systematic validation of these models is still missing. In the current work, popular models considering the additional BIT are implemented into a 1D Test Solver, where the standard k-epsilon model for traditional Shear-Induced Turbulence (SIT) is available. The Test Solver was developed specially for the case of vertical pipe flows by Lucas et al. (2001) and for the purpose of an efficient pre-test of closure models for CFD codes. Its applicability has been tested in an amount of previous work such as Lucas et al. (2005) and (2007).

In the current work, turbulence parameters as well as liquid velocity profiles, which are predicted by the modified k-epsilon model with the consideration of BIT, are compared with experimental data published by different investigators. To exclude other uncertainties, the k-epsilon model is tested firstly for several single-phase cases with different average velocities and pipe diameters. In general, satisfying agreements are achieved in these cases. Then the contribution of BIT and the effect of various models are investigated for mono-dispersed bubbly flows. The flow is assumed to be fully-developed and moreover, the radial gas volume fraction profile is taken from the measurement. The results prove that for test cases with high gas volume fractions (high superficial gas velocity or low superficial liquid velocity) the neglecting of BIT will lead to an obvious underestimation of turbulence parameters. Furthermore, noticeable inconsistency can be observed in the results delivered by different BIT models, which indicates a need for further improvement in this aspect.

Keywords: Bubble-Induced Turbulence (BIT); Shear-Induced Turbulence (SIT); Additional eddy viscosity; Additional k-epsilon source term; Test Solver

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE20, 30.07.-03.08.2012, Anaheim, USA
    Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering
  • Lecture (Conference)
    20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE20, 30.07.-03.08.2012, Anaheim, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16817
Publ.-Id: 16817


Adsorption mechanism of selenium(VI) onto maghemite

Jordan, N.; Ritter, A.; Foerstendorf, H.; Scheinost, A. C.; Weiß, S.; Heim, K.; Grenzer, J.; Mücklich, A.; Reuther, H.

In this study, the sorption properties of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) towards selenium(VI) were studied for the first time both on the macroscopic and the molecular level. Using batch experiments, we found that the retention reaction was very fast. Both increase of pH and ionic strength led to a decrease of selenium(VI) sorption. Electrophoretic mobility measurements showed that selenium(VI) sorption had no significant effect on the isoelectric point of maghemite. These macroscopic results strongly suggested the formation of outer-sphere complexes across the investigated pH range (3.5 – 8.0). At the molecular level, the structure of the sorbed surface species was elucidated in situ using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The ATR FT-IR results suggested the formation of outer-sphere complexes showing an unexpected bidentate symmetry, which possibly revealed the lack of accuracy of the actual widely-used classification of inner- and outer-sphere coordination for anionic species. EXAFS results revealed, that in addition to outer-sphere complexes, there is also a small (15%) contribution of an inner-sphere complex in binuclear corner-sharing geometry present.

Keywords: sorption; selenium(VI); maghemite; ATR FT-IR; EXAFS

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16816
Publ.-Id: 16816


Probing origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in Ni ion implanted ZnO films with x-ray absorption spectroscop

Srivastava, P.; Ghosh, S.; Joshi, B.; Satyarthi, P.; Kumar, P.; Kanjilal, D.; Buerger, D.; Zhou, S.; Schmidt, H.; Rogalev, A.; Wilhelm, F.

We report x-ray absorption at Zn and Ni K-edges in 200 keV Ni(2+) ion implanted ZnO/sapphire films. The implantation fluences are 6 x 10(15) and 2 x 10(16) ions/cm(2), corresponding to 2% and 7% Ni in a ZnO matrix. The measurements reveal a marginal substitution of Ni in ZnO in both the films and also rule out the presence of ferromagnetic Ni metal clusters. The M-H and field cooled-zero field cooled measurements performed via SQUID magnetometry show that the films are ferromagnetic at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization of 2% Ni film is appreciably higher than that of 7% Ni film. The origin of ferromagnetism is understood on the basis of the oxygen vacancy mediated bound magnetic polaron model.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16815
Publ.-Id: 16815


Radiobiological effectiveness of laser accelerated electrons in comparison to electron beams from a conventional linear accelerator.

Laschinsky, L.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Enghardt, W.; Kaluza, M.; Karsch, L.; Lessmann, E.; Naumburger, D.; Nicolai, M.; Richter, C.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schlenvoigt, H. P.; Pawelke, J.

The notable progress in laser particle acceleration technology promises potential medical application in cancer therapy through compact and cost effective laser devices that are suitable for already existing clinics. Previously, consequences on the radiobiological response by laser driven particle beams characterised by an ultra high peak dose rate have to be investigated. Therefore, tumour and non-malignant cells were irradiated with pulsed laser accelerated electrons at the JETI facility for the comparison with continuous electrons of a conventional therapy LINAC. Dose response curves were measured for the biological endpoints clonogenic survival and residual DNA double strand breaks. The overall results show no significant differences in radiobiological response for in vitro cell experiments between laser accelerated pulsed and clinical used electron beams. These first systematic in vitro cell response studies with precise dosimetry to laser driven electron beams represent a first step toward the long term aim of the application of laser accelerated particles in radiotherapy.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16814
Publ.-Id: 16814


Laserbeschleunigte Ionenstrahlen für die Krebstherapie

Pawelke, J.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Vortragsforum Medica Vision, 16.-19.11.2011, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16813
Publ.-Id: 16813


Die Technologieplattform für translationale Forschung in der Protonentherapie am OncoRay Dresden..

Enghardt, W.; Bussmann, M.; Cowan, T.; Dersch, U.; Fiedler, F.; Pawelke, J.; Perrin, R.; Pieck, S.; Schramm, U.; Sauerbrey, R.; Baumann, M.

Gemäß ihrer Wechselwirkung mit (belebter) Materie sollten Protonenund Ionenstrahlen das Potenzial besitzen, den Erfolg der Strahlentherapie deutlich zu erhöhen. Begründet wird dies durch physikalische Vorteile gegenüber konventionellen Strahlenarten (Photonen, Elektronen), welche i. a. zu einer reduzierten Normalgewebsdosis und zur Möglichkeit der Dosiseskalation im Tumor führen. Im Falle der leichten Ionen kommt zu diesen physikalischen Vorteilen eine Erhöhung der relativen biologischen Wirksamkeit, welche bei adäquater technologischer Umsetzung der Strahlführung (Rasteroder Spotscanning) nahezu auf das Tumorvolumen begrenzt werden kann. Bisher konnten diese physikalisch und biologisch offenkundigen Vorteile der Partikelstrahlen für viele Bestrahlungssituationen nicht in verbesserte Tumorheilung umgesetzt werden.
Dafür sind drei Gründe anzusprechen: (1) Die in der Partikeltherapie angewendeten Behandlungs- und Qualitätssicherungstechniken wurden zum überwiegenden Teil für die konventionellen Therapie an medizinischen Elektronen-Linearbeschleunigern entwickelt und von dort übernommen. Letzteres erscheint nicht adäquat, weil Dosisverteilungen von Partikelstrahlen, im Gegensatz zu Photonenstrahlen, nicht robust gegen Ungenauigkeiten in der gesamten Kette der Strahlentherapie von der CT-Diagnostik bis zur Dosisapplikation sind. (2) Die Zahl der bisher weltweit an technologisch ausgereiften Protonen- oder Ionen-Therapieanlagen in qualitativ hochwertigen klinischen Studien behandelten Patienten ist nach wie vor klein, so dass oftmals statistisch gut gesicherte Therapieergebnisse nicht vorliegen. Generelle Anforderungen der heutigen evidenzbasierten Medizin, insbesondere auch randomisierte Studien, finden nur geringe Berücksichtigung. (3) Die unter (1) und (2) genannten Gründe folgen zu einem großen Teil aus den hohen Investitions- und Betriebskosten für Partikeltherapie-Anlagen, welche jene mit konventioneller Bestrahlungstechnologie um ca. eine Größenordnung übersteigen.
Diese Analyse definiert die medizinischen, strahlenbiologischen und physikalisch-technischen Arbeitsfelder der im Aufbau befindlichen Hochtechnologieplattform am Nationalen Zentrum für Strahlenforschung in der Onkologie - OncoRay, Dresden: (1) Die Entwicklung von Technologien, welche auf die der Partikeltherapie inhärenten Präzision zugeschnitten sind (Bewegungskompensation, Bildführung, dreidimensionale Dosislokalisation, ortsaufgelöste in-vivo Dosimetrie in Echtzeit). (2) Den Einschluss aller Patienten in klinische Studien. (3) Die Entwicklung neuartiger auf der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung beruhender Partikeltherapie-Anlagen, die kompakt und kostengünstig sind.
Diese klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Zielstellungen bestimmen die Auslegung der Anlage. Sie wird auf dem Gelände des Universitätsklinikums Carl Gustav Carus Dresden errichtet und in die bestehende Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie integriert. Sie wird mit einer konventionellen Zyklotron basierten Protonen-Bestrahlungsanlage (Hersteller: Fa. IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgien) ausgerüstet. Der Protonenstrahl bedient vorerst einen klinischen Bestrahlungsbunker mit isozentrischer Gantry, ausgestattet mit einer universellen Strahlführung für passive und aktive Bestrahlungsfeld-Formierung. Ferner wird für experimentelle Arbeiten der Protonenstrahl in einen Experimentalbunker geführt. Auf dessen Dach wird ein Reinraum für einen Dioden gepumpten Hochintensitäts-Laser der Petawatt-Klasse errichtet. Das Laserlicht wird in den Experimentalbunker geführt, so dass dort sowohl konventionell als auch Laser beschleunigte Protonenstrahlen zur Verfügung stehen werden. Dies wird für die Entwicklung und Validierung dedizierter Strahlführungssysteme, dosimetrischer Messverfahren, Echtzeit-Verifikations- und Qualitätssicherungs-Techniken sowie für die Durchführung strahlenbiologischer Experimente an Laser beschleunigten Protonenstrahlen ein bisher weltweit nicht vorhandenes Umfeld bieten.

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    3 Ländertagung der ÖGMP, DGMP und SGSMP – 2011 Medizinische Physik, 28.09.-01.10.2011, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16812
Publ.-Id: 16812


Dosimetrie und biologische Wirksamkeit Laser beschleunigter Protonen

Schürer, M.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Dammene, Y.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Kraft, S.; Kroll, F.; Laschinsky, L.; Lessmann, E.; Metzkes, J.; Naumburger, D.; Oppelt, M.; Richter, C.; Schramm, U.; Sobiella, M.; Zeil, K.; Pawelke, J.

Einleitung: Bevor die neue Technologie der Laser Beschleunigung in der Strahlentherapie eingesetzt werden kann, müssen Beschleuniger einen stabilen, steuerbaren Strahl mit genügender Strahlstärke liefern. Ausserdem müssen die entstehenden ultra kurzen, sehr intensiven Strahlpulse auf ihre biologische Wirksamkeit und dosimetrische Erfassung hin untersucht werden.
Methoden: Es wurde ein integriertes Dosimetrie- und Zellbestrahlungssystem (IDOCIS) entwickelt, getestet und umfangreich kalibriert.
Die Kombination verschiedener Dosimeter erlaubt eine präzise Absolutdosimetrie und Strahlüberwachung in Echtzeit. Nach zusätzlicher Modifizierung und Optimierung des 150 TW Lasersystems DRACO (FZD) wurden Zellbestrahlungen mit Laser beschleunigten Protonen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Der Laserbeschleuniger lieferte überWochen einen stabilen und reproduzierbaren Protonenstrahl. Zusammen mit der präzisen dosimetrischen Erfassung mit Hilfe des IDOCIS wurden Dosiseffektkurven bestimmt.
Schlussfolgerung: Vor einem Einsatz Laser beschleunigter Protonen in der Strahlentherapie sind verschiedene Verbesserungen der Lasertechnik und die Durchführung von tierexperimentellen Studien notwendig.
ST 1.4

Related publications

  • Poster
    3 Ländertagung der ÖGMP, DGMP und SGSMP – 2011 Medizinische Physik, 28.09.-01.10.2011, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16811
Publ.-Id: 16811


Bubble-induced Turbulence: Comparison of CFD Models

Rzehak, R.; Krepper, E.

Modeling of bubble-induced turbulence in dispersed gas-liquid multiphase flow is an important but still unresolved issue. A common approach to its solution is to add source terms to the single phase two-equation turbulence models. We here report a comparison of different models of this type some of which have been used previously in the literature, some of which are new. Special care has been given to the selection of a set of reference data allowing to qualify the validity of the different models. Conclusions towards best practice guidelines for modeling bubbly turbulence are drawn and needs for further reasearch identified.

Keywords: dispersed gas liquid multiphase flow; bubble induced turbulence; Euler Euler two fluid model; CFD simulation; model validation

  • Contribution to proceedings
    International Symposium on Multiphase flow and Transport Phenomena, 22.-25.4.2012, Agadir, Morocco
  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Symposium on Multiphase flow and Transport Phenomena, 22.-25.4.2012, Agadir, Morocco

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16810
Publ.-Id: 16810


Biological effectiveness of laser accelerated protons: In vitro dose response studies

Oppelt, M.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Murris-Mog, T.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Kraft, S.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Metzkes, J.; Naumburger, D.; Richter, C.; Schramm, U.; Schürer, M.; Zeil, K.; Pawelke, J.

The development of proton and ion acceleration by ultra-high intensity lasers for cancer therapy promises the realisation of compact and economic particle accelerators that can be integrated in already existing clinics. However, particle acceleration with high intensity lasers leads in comparison to the conventional used acceleration technique to ultra short beam pulses, generated with low pulse frequency, that apply a very high pulse dose. Prior to a clinical application the radiobiological consequences of laser accelerated and therewith ultra short pulsed particle beams have to be investigated.
For this in vitro dose effect curves have been determined, which required a high power laser system with a stable and reproducible acceleration of protons, precise beam monitoring and the technical ability to apply a prescribed dose to a cell sample and to determine the absolute dose received by the cells.
Systematic cell irradiations were performed at the 150 TW Ti:Sapphire laser system DRACO at HZDR that delivered laser pulseswith an energy of 3.5 J, a pulse duration of 30 fs and a frequency of 0.1 Hz. By focusing the laser on a 2 μm thin Ti foil, protons were accelerated from the target rear surface. The generated exponential energy spectrum was limited downwards to 6-20 MeV. An in-house developed integrated dosimetry and cell irradiation system was tested and calibrated, allowing precise dosimetry as well as the exact positioning of each cell sample.
In the present experiment radiosensitive head and neck tumour cells (SKX) were irradiated in a dose range from 0.5-4 Gy with an average pulse dose of 80 mGy and a mean dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min.
Investigated biological endpoints were the clonogenic cell survival and residual DNA-double strand breaks (DSB) 24 h post irradiation via γ-H2AX /p53BP1 assay.
Reference irradiation was performed with continuous, conventional accelerated 7.2 MeV proton beams at the Tandem accelerator at HZDR with a dose rate of 1.1 Gy/min.
The measured dose effect curves show no difference in biological effectiveness between laser accelerated ultra short pulsed and conventional continuous proton beams in clonogenic cell survival and residual DNA DSB.

Related publications

  • Poster
    14th International Congress of Radiation Research (ICRR), 28.08.-01.09.2011, Warszawa, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16809
Publ.-Id: 16809


Dosimetry of laser-accelerated particle beams used for cell irradiation experiments

Pawelke, J.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    HEPTech Workshop, Industry meets Academia: Beam Monitoring Instrumentation and Quality Assurance, 10.-11.11.2011, Darmstadt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16808
Publ.-Id: 16808


Towards radiotherapy application of laser driven particle beams

Pawelke, J.

Abstract not available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    International Conference on Medical Physics and Engineering, 21.-24.09.2011, Poznan, Poland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 17(2011)Suppl.1, 34

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16807
Publ.-Id: 16807


Laser driven accelerators for radiobiology experiment

Pawelke, J.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Cowan, T.; Kraft, S.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Metzkes, J.; Richter, C.; Schlenvoigt, H. P.; Schramm, U.; Zeil, K.; Baumann, M.; Dammene, Y.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Naumburger, D.; Schürer, M.; Woithe, J.; Kaluza, M.; Nicolai, M.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    ESTRO Anniversary Congress, 08.-12.05.2011, London, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16806
Publ.-Id: 16806


Impinging jet simulations using a multi-field approach with free surface detection

Hänsch, S.; Lucas, D.; Krepper, E.; Höhne, T.; Danciu, D.-V.

The calculation of impinging liquid jets and the associated bubble entrainment is a challenging problem in two-fluid model applications. The various mechanisms behind these phenomena are not well understood and a better appreciation of them is vitally important for industrial and scientific issues. The difficulty of simulation arises from the fact that impinging jets show a mixture of both segregated and dispersed flow regimes. Therefore they demand a multi-fluid simulation to capture larger gas structures with resolved interfaces as well as many small bubbles of different sizes that require an averaged treatment. In order to deal with the complexity of these mechanisms a new CMFD-strategy of a generalized two-phase flow (GENTOP) is presented.
Currently, the GENTOP-concept combines a three-field simulation with the recently developed inhomogeneous Multiple Size Group (MUSIG)-approach. The flow is represented by a liquid phase, a polydispersed gas phase, containing different bubble size groups, and a continuous gas phase. Within the MUSIG-framework, transfers between the different bubble size groups due to bubble coalescence and -breakup are described. By modelling an additional mass transfer between the continuous and the polydispersed gas phase, transitions between different gas morphologies can be considered. The continuous gas phase summarizes all gas structures larger than a certain bubble diameter so that for these structures the gas-liquid interfaces are resolved. In order to blend the gaseous morphology basic ideas of the Algebraic Interfacial Area Density (AIAD)-model are used. Generalized formulations for interfacial area density and drag are introduced considering free surfaces within a multi-fluid simulation. This new concept can provide more detailed information about complex flow situations with higher gas fractions such as the impinging jet being just one particular application.
First results computed by the CFD-code CFX 13.0 are compared to experiments carried out at the HZDR and empirical correlations from literature. The flow field is adapted to the experiments considering inlet velocity of the jet v0=1.7m/s, jet length Lj=10mm and jet diameter d0=16mm as well as the dimensions of the water tank. The computational results show good qualitative agreement with the experiments regarding typical continuous and polydispersed gas structures. The values of air entrainment rate and bubble plume length are determined as quantitative values characterizing the results. Further developments consist of new generalized closure models for bubble coalescence and –breakup processes between continuous and dispersed gas phases.

Keywords: turbulent impinging jet; air entrainment; CMFD; gas-liquid interface; MUSIG-model; AIAD-model

  • Contribution to proceedings
    International Symposium on Multiphase Flow and Transport Phenomena, 22.-25.04.2012, Agadir, Marokko
  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Symposium on Multiphase Flow and Transport Phenomena, 22.-25.04.2012, Agadir, Marokko

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16805
Publ.-Id: 16805


Status der Protonentherapie auf Basis von Hochintensitätslasern – Erste Dosis-Effekt-Kurven Laser beschleunigter Protonen.

Karsch, L.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Kraft, S.; Laschinsky, L.; Metzkes, J.; Naumburger, D.; Oppelt, M.; Richter, C.; Schramm, U.; Schürer, M.; Zeil, K.; Pawelke, J.

no abstracts available

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    17. Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie, 02.-05.06.2011, Wiesbaden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16803
Publ.-Id: 16803


Dosimetry and biological effectiveness of laser-accelerated particle beams

Karsch, L.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Cowan, T.; Dammene, Y.; Enghardt, W.; Laschinsky, L.; Lessmann, E.; Kaluza, M. C.; Kraft, S.; Metzkes, J.; Naumburger, D.; Nicolai, M.; Richter, C.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schlenvoigt, H. P.; Schramm, U.; Schürer, M.; Sobiella, M.; Woithe, J.; Zeil, K.; Pawelke, J.

Purpose: Before laser particle accelerators can be used for radiation therapy, the supply of stable, reliable and reproducible beams with sufficient particle intensity and useable energy spectra is required. Moreover, consequences on dosimetry as well as on radiobiological effectiveness have to be investigated for laser-accelerated and therefore ultra-shortly pulsed particle beams with very high pulse dose rate.
Method and Materials: In vitro cell irradiations have been established and performed within the German multi-institutional research project onCOOPtics for both laser-accelerated electron and proton beams.
The experimental setups at two lasers, the 10 TW JETI laser for electron and the 150 TW DRACO laser for proton beams, includes a dedicated system for routine cell sample irradiation and precise determination of applied dose. After extensive tuning and optimization of the laser systems and particle beams as well as test and calibration of all dosimetric components, systematic radiobiological experiments with several tumor and normal tissue cell lines have been performed over the last three years measuring dose-effect-curves for cell survival and DNA double strand break induction.
Results: No significant differences in biological effectiveness between laser-accelerated and conventional electron beams were found, apart from one cell line at one end point. The evaluation of the recently finished proton irradiation campaign is in progress.
Conclusion: Laser accelerators can be used for radiobiological experiments, meeting all necessary requirements like homogeneity, stability and precise dose delivery. Nevertheless, before fulfilling the much higher requirements for clinical application, several improvements concerning i.e. proton energy, spectral shaping and patient safety are necessary.

Related publications

  • Contribution to proceedings
    SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics 2011, 18.-21.04.2011, Prague, Czech Republic
    Proceedings of SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics 2011, 132-133
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Dosimetry and biological effectiveness of laser-accelerated particle beams, 18.-21.04.2011, Prague, Czech Republic

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16802
Publ.-Id: 16802


The Energy Dependence of the Electric Dipole Strength in Heavy Nuclei

Junghans, A. R.; Beyer, R.; Grosse, E.; Rusev, G.; Schwengner, R.; Wagner, A.

We investigate on the basis of new photon scattering measurements and photoneutron and average neutron resonance capture data how well Lorentzians adjusted to photoneutron data in the giant dipole resonances give a good description of the photon strength also below the neutron threshold. If deformation effects are properly taken into account it is verified that down to about 4 MeV for various nuclei with A £¾ 80 the previously employed differentiation between deformed and non-deformed nuclei is no longer necessary.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16801
Publ.-Id: 16801


Stable proton pulses for the measurement of the biological effectiveness of laser accelerated particle beams.

Zeil, K.; Metzkes, J.; Kraft, S.; Cowan, T.; Karsch, L.; Pawelke, J.; Richter, C.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schramm, U.

The advent of high power laser systems providing pulse rates of a few pulses per minute in the field of laser ion acceleration has brought medical applications such as ion therapy of cancer closer into reach. Although the proton energies are still not high enough for patient treatment, they are sufficient to start first experiments on dosimetry and the biological effectiveness. In contrary to conventional accelerators, the laser ion acceleration delivers proton bunches with a very high charge in short times with a broad energy spectrum. Thus new concepts in dosimetry and irradiation are necessary.
It is evident, that applications with biological material have demanding requirements to the proton energy spectrum and its stability. In this paper we present a robust scheme to provide stable energy spectra for first cell irradiation experiments performed with the Dresden 150 TW laser system DRACO at a dose rate of about 1 Gy/min. A second paper will concentrate on the radiobiological aspects of the experiment and the complex dosimetry issues.
In addition to the production of a reproducible proton spectrum the scheme involves magnetic filtering. Based on a simple non-focusing magnetic dipole equipped with two apertures it makes use of an energy dependent angular asymmetry of the proton spectra and protons with energies above 7 MeV originating from a 2 μm thick Titanium foil are led to the cell sample.
S.D. Kraft, et al., Dose dependent biological damage of tumour cells by laser-accelerated proton beams, New Journal of Physics 12, 085003(2010)

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics 2011, 18.-21.04.2011, Prague, Czech Republic
  • Contribution to proceedings
    SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics 2011, 18.-21.04.2011, Prague, Czech Republic
    Proceedings of SPIE Optics and Optoelectronics 2011, 132

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16800
Publ.-Id: 16800


Development of a Neutron TOF Facility at KAERI

Song, T.-Y.; Park, S.-H.; Lee, B. C.; Lee, Y.-O.; Junghans, A. R.

KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) is developing a neutron TOF facility by using KAERI's electron accelerator. KAERI has a superconducting electron accelerator which can produce 17 MeV pulsed electron beams with a pulse width of 20 ps. The pulse current and maximum frequency of the electron accelerator are 20 A and 2 MHz respectively. Fast neutrons can be used for cross-section measurements. A short pulse width can provide a good neutron energy resolution for fast neutrons at relatively short flight lengths. The time resolution related to a neutron source target should be small enough to utilize the short pulse width. We adopted the liquid Pb target which was developed by FDZ (Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf). The first step of the neutron source development is to simulate a neutron production. MCNPX was used to simulate the neutron production when electron beams irradiate the Pb target. Those simulations were performed by varying beam energies and target sizes to find out optimal variables related to the beam and target. The information of heat deposition in the target was studied by MCNPX since a proper cooling system should be considered to operate the liquid Pb target safely. The thermal-hydraulic analysis was performed based on the result of heat deposition calculation. The study of the detection system is under progress. The design of an experimental hall and a collimator system is also being progressed with the development of the detection system.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16799
Publ.-Id: 16799


Laser particle acceleration for future ion beam therapy

Pawelke, J.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Poster
    Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board of University Cancer Center Dresden, 13.04.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16798
Publ.-Id: 16798


Dosimetrie und biologische Wirksamkeit Laser beschleunigter Protonenstrahlen

Karsch, L.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Cowan, T.; Dammene, Y.; Enghardt, W.; Laschinsky, L.; Lessmann, E.; Kraft, S.; Metzkes, J.; Naumburger, D.; Richter, C.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schramm, U.; Schürer, M.; Sobiella, M.; Woithe, J.; Pawelke, J.

Einleitung: Bevor die neue Technologie der Laser Beschleunigung in der Strahlentherapie eingesetzt werden kann, müssen Beschleuniger einen stabilen, steuerbaren Strahl mit genügender Strahlstärke liefern. Ausserdem müssen die entstehenden ultra kurzen, sehr intensiven Strahlpulse auf ihre biologische Wirksamkeit und dosimetrische Erfassung hin untersucht werden.
Methoden: Es wurde ein integriertes Dosimetrie- und Zellbestrahlungssystem (IDOCIS) entwickelt, getestet und umfangreich kalibriert.
Die Kombination verschiedener Dosimeter erlaubt eine präzise Absolutdosimetrie und Strahlüberwachung in Echtzeit. Nach zusätzlicher Modifizierung und Optimierung des 150 TW Lasersystems DRACO (FZD) wurden Zellbestrahlungen mit Laser beschleunigten Protonen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Der Laserbeschleuniger lieferte überWochen einen stabilen und reproduzierbaren Protonenstrahl. Zusammen mit der präzisen dosimetrischen Erfassung mit Hilfe des IDOCIS wurden Dosiseffektkurven bestimmt.
Schlussfolgerung: Vor einem Einsatz Laser beschleunigter Protonen in der Strahlentherapie sind verschiedene Verbesserungen der Lasertechnik und die Durchführung von tierexperimentellen Studien notwendig.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    75th Annual Meeting of the DPG and combined DPG Spring Meeting 2011, Radiation and Medical Physics Division, 13.-18.03.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16797
Publ.-Id: 16797


Experimental study of fragmentation products in the reactions 112Sn+112Sn and 124Sn+124Sn at 1A GeV

Föhr, V.; Bacquias, A.; Casarejos, E.; Enqvist, T.; Junghans, A. R.; Kelic-Heil, A.; Kurtukian, T.; Lukic, S.; Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Pleskac, R.; Ricciardi, M. V.; Schmidt, K.-H.; Taieb, J.

Production cross sections and longitudinal velocity distributions of the projectilelike residues produced in the reactions 112Sn+112Sn and 124Sn+124Sn, both at an incident beam energy of 1A GeV, were measured with the high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, the Fragment Separator of GSI. For both reactions the characteristics of the velocity distributions and nuclide production cross sections were determined for residues with atomic number Z≥10. A comparison of the results of the two reactions is presented.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16796
Publ.-Id: 16796


Temperature dependence of the intraexcitonic AC Stark effect in semiconductor quantum wells

Wagner, M.; Teich, M.; Helm, M.; Stehr, D.

We have investigated the temperature-dependent, intraexcitonic AC Stark effect that manifests itself in a line splitting of the heavy-hole 1s exciton transition in a GaAs/AlGaAs multi quantum well when the 1s-2p intraexciton transition is driven by intense THz light. The observed wavelength-dependent splitting at Helium temperature can still be distinguished at elevated temperatures up to 200 K. Although the thermal energy exceeds the exciton binding energy by a factor of 1.7, thermal exciton ionization influences the coherent nonlinear effect only indirectly via thermal line broadening. With a threefold transmission change on ultrafast timescales in a region accessible to Peltier-cooling the scheme could be promising for optical modulators.

Keywords: quantum well; intraexcitonic AC Stark effect; FEL; THz; temperature-dependent

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16795
Publ.-Id: 16795


Towards laser driven proton therapy: Radiobiological experiments.

Pawelke, J.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Retreat of the Laser Particle Acceleration Department at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, 28.02.-01.03.2011, Griess, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16794
Publ.-Id: 16794


Modeling of metal nanocluster growth on patterned substrates and surface pattern formation under ion bombardment

Numazawa, S.

This thesis addresses the metal nanocluster growth process on prepatterned substrates, the development of atomistic simulation method with respect to an acceleration of the atomistic transition states, and the continuum model of the ion-beam inducing semiconductor surface pattern formation mechanism.
Experimentally, highly ordered Ag nanocluster structures have been grown on pre-patterned amorphous SiO^2 surfaces by oblique angle physical vapor deposition at room temperature. Despite the small undulation of the rippled surface, the stripe-like Ag nanoclusters are very pronounced, reproducible and well-separated. The first topic is the investigation of this growth process with a continuum theoretical approach to the surface gas condensation as well as an atomistic cluster growth model. The atomistic simulation model is a lattice-based kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) method using a combination of a simplified inter-atomic potential and experimental transition barriers taken from the literature.
An effective transition event classification method is introduced which allows a boost factor of several thousand compared to a traditional KMC approach, thus allowing experimental time scales to be modeled. The simulation predicts a low sticking probability for the arriving atoms, millisecond order lifetimes for single Ag monomers and ≈1 nm square surface migration ranges of Ag monomers. The simulations give excellent reproduction of the experimentally observed nanocluster growth patterns.
The second topic specifies the acceleration scheme utilized in the metallic cluster growth model. Concerning the atomistic movements, a classical harmonic transition state theory is considered and applied in discrete lattice cells with hierarchical transition levels. The model results in an effective reduction of KMC simulation steps by utilizing a classification scheme of transition levels for thermally activated atomistic diffusion processes. Thermally activated atomistic movements are considered as local transition events constrained in potential energy wells over certain local time periods. These processes are represented by Markov chains of multi-dimensional Boolean valued functions in three dimensional lattice space. The events inhibited by the barriers under a certain level are regarded as thermal fluctuations of the canonical ensemble and accepted freely. Consequently, the fluctuating system evolution process is implemented as a Markov chain of equivalence class objects. It is shown that the process can be characterized by the acceptance of metastable local transitions. The method is applied to a problem of Au and Ag cluster growth on a rippled surface. The simulation predicts the existence of a morphology dependent transition time limit from a local metastable to stable state for subsequent cluster growth by accretion.
The third topic is the formation of ripple structures on ion bombarded semiconductor surfaces treated in the first topic as the prepatterned substrate of the metallic deposition. This intriguing phenomenon has been known since the 1960's and various theoretical approaches have been explored. These previous models are discussed and a new non-linear model is formulated, based on the local atomic flow and associated density change in the near surface region. Within this framework ripple structures are shown to form without the necessity to invoke surface diffusion or large sputtering as important mechanisms. The model can also be extended to the case where sputtering is important and it is shown that in this case, certain \lq magic' angles can occur at which the ripple patterns are most clearly defined. The results including some analytic solutions of the nonlinear equation of motions are in very good agreement with experimental observation.

Keywords: Nanocluster growth; Kinetic Monte-Carlo; Ion beam surface modification

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; HZDR-021 2012
    ISSN: 2191-8708, eISSN: 2191-8716

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16793
Publ.-Id: 16793


Focusing of short-pulse high-intensity laser-accelerated proton beams

Bartal, T.; Foord, M. E.; Bellei, C.; Key, M. H.; Flippo, K. A.; Gaillard, S. A.; Offermann, D. T.; Patel, P. K.; Jarrott, L. C.; Higginson, D. P.; Roth, M.; Otten, A.; Kraus, D.; Stephens, R. B.; Mclean, H. S.; Giraldez, E. M.; Wei, M. S.; Gautier, D. C.; Beg, N.

Recent progress in generating high-energy (>50 MeV) protons from intense laser–matter interactions (1018–1021Wcm2; refs 1–7) has opened up new areas of research, with applications in radiography8, oncology9, astrophysics10, medical imaging11, high-energy-density physics12–14, and ion-proton beam fast ignition15–19. With the discovery of proton focusing with curved surfaces20,21, rapid advances in these areas will be driven by improved focusing technologies. Here we report on the first investigation of the generation and focusing of a proton beam using a cone-shaped target.We clearly show that the focusing is strongly affected by the electric fields in the beam in both open and enclosed (cone) geometries, bending the trajectories near the axis. Also in the cone geometry, a sheath electric field effectively ‘channels’ the proton beam through the cone tip, substantially improving the beam focusing properties. These results agree well with particle simulations and provide the physics basis for many future applications.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16791
Publ.-Id: 16791


Biologische Wirksamkeit laserbeschleunigter Protonen im Vergleich zu konventionell beschleunigten Protonen.

Oppelt, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Kraft, S.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Metzkes, J.; Schramm, U.; Zeil, K.; Richter, C.

Strahlentherapie zur Krebsbehandlung nutz ionisierende Strahlung um letale Schäden im Tumor zu applizieren. Aufgrund der Art der Energiedeposition von Protonen in Materie kann dies, vergliechen mit konventioneller Therapie mit Photonen oder Elektronen, wesentlich schonender für umliegendes gesundes Gewebe realisiert werden.

Related publications

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    20. Symposium Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, 10.-12.02.2011, Dresden, Deutschland
    Biologische Wirksamkeit laserbeschleunigter Protonen im Vergleich zu konventionell beschleunigten Protonen, ISSN 1432-864, Band 20, 73-77
  • Lecture (Conference)
    20. Symposium Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, 10.-12.02.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16790
Publ.-Id: 16790


Common Interests and Prospective Collaborations:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory &Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

Cowan, T. E.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    LLNL Seminar, 24.04.2011, Livermore, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16789
Publ.-Id: 16789


R&D Plans II: Helmholtz Activities

Cowan, T. E.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop am CERN, 03.-06.05.2011, Genf, Schweiz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16788
Publ.-Id: 16788


High Performance Radiation Sources at the ELBE Accelerator Facility at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

Cowan, T. E.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop "The Helmholtz Association and the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”: Prospects & Priorities for an Intensified Strategic Research Co-operation", 24.05.2011, Moskau, Russland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16787
Publ.-Id: 16787


Verification of ion range in moving targets with in-beam PET

Laube, K.; Bert, C.; Fiedler, F.; Helmbrecht, S.; Priegnitz, M.; Saito, N.; Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Keywords: in-beam PET; moving targets; ion beam therapy

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to external collection
    Katrin Große: GSI Scientific Report 2011, Darmstadt: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 2012

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16786
Publ.-Id: 16786


Lasergetriebene Protonenbeschleuniger auf dem Weg zur Strahlentherapie.

Beyreuther, E.; Baumann, M.; Burris-Mog, T.; Dammene, Y.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Metzkes, J.; Naumburger, D.; Oppelt, M.; Richter, C.; Schramm, U.; Schürer, M.; Woithe, J.; Zeil, K.; Pawelke, J.

Parallel zu den Experimenten mit laserbeschleunigten Elektronen wurde das 150 TW Lasersystem DRACO (Dresden laser acceleration source) am Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) aufgebaut und in Betrieb genommen. Die im Vergleich zum JETI Lasersystem mehr als zehnfach höhere Laserleistung ermöglicht die Beschleunigung von Protonen bis zu einer Maximalenergie von 20 MeV und damit deren strahlenbiologische Charakterisierung in vitro (3,4). Die für die Bestimmung von Dosis-Effekt-Kurven am laserbeschleunigten Protonenstrahl zu erfüllenden Anforderungen, sowie deren Realisierung werden zusammen mit ersten strahlenbiologischen Ergebnissen sowie einem Ausblick auf die weitere Entwicklung im Beitrag präsentiert.

Related publications

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    20. Symposium Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, 10.-12.02.2011, Dresden, Deutschland
    Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, 1432-864X
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    20. Symposium Experimentelle Strahlentherapie und Klinische Strahlenbiologie, Dresden, 10.-12.02.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16785
Publ.-Id: 16785


Laser driven accelerators for proton therapy: Physical, technological and radiobiological aspects.

Pawelke, J.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    26th Conference on Clinical and Experimental Research in Radiation Oncology (CERRO 26), 15.-22.01.2011, Menuires, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16783
Publ.-Id: 16783


Research group laser-radiooncology

Pawelke, J.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    OncoRay Retreat, 12.-13.01.2011, Riesa, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16782
Publ.-Id: 16782


Eine Compton-Kamera für die in-vivo Dosimetrie bei der Partikeltherapie

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Tagung des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates des HZDR, 23.11.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16781
Publ.-Id: 16781


Physics and instrumentation needs for improving hadron therapy

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop: Hadrontherapy in France, 28.-29.11.2011, Lyon, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16780
Publ.-Id: 16780


A historical perspective of Gerhard Kraft’s scientific achievements: The therapy project

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Festkolloquium anlässlich des 70. Geburtstages von Gerhard Kraft, 01.11.2011, Darmstadt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16779
Publ.-Id: 16779


Die Technologieplattform für translationale Forschung in der Protonentherapie am OncoRay Dresden

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    3 Ländertagung der ÖGMP, DGMP und SGSMP, 30.09.2011, Wien, Österreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16778
Publ.-Id: 16778


DiscussionProffered Papers: OncotechnologyThe impact of novel information processing to health care

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress, 26.09.2011, Stockholm, Schweden

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16777
Publ.-Id: 16777


Laser Accelerated Proton Therapy

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress, 26.09.2011, Stockholm, Schweden

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16776
Publ.-Id: 16776


The Future Proton Irradiation Facility at OncoRay Dresden

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Enlight Annual Meeting 2011, 03.09.2011, Marburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16775
Publ.-Id: 16775


ENVISIONEuropean NoVel Imaging Systems for ION therapy

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Enlight Annual Meeting 2011, 03.09.2011, Marburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16774
Publ.-Id: 16774


Future Proton Irradiation Facility at OncoRay

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar am Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, 14.07.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16773
Publ.-Id: 16773


Laser beschleunigte Protonenstrahlen

Enghardt, W.

Motivation
Kompakte Protonen- und Ionenbeschleuniger
Physik der Laserbeschleunigung
Stand von Forschung und Entwicklung

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Weiterbildung Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie Universitätsklinikum C.G. Carus Dresden, 05.07.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16772
Publ.-Id: 16772


A Technology Platform for Translational Researchon Laser Driven Particle Acceleratorsfor Radiotherapy

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    SPIE Optics+Optoelectronics, 21.04.2011, Prag, Tschechische Republik

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16771
Publ.-Id: 16771


Erfolgreich gegen Krebs: Präzisionsbestrahlung und mathematische Zellmodellierung

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Helmholtz-Humboldt-Sonntagsvorlesung, 10.04.2011, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16770
Publ.-Id: 16770


Das Nationale Zentrum für Strahlenforschung in der Onkologie - OncoRay, Dresden

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    23. Weiterbildungsveranstaltung Mitteldeutscher Medizinphysiker, 08.-09.04.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16769
Publ.-Id: 16769


ENVISION Report on WP3 In-beam single particle tomography

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    ENVISION Annual Meeting, 04.02.2011, Lyon, Frankreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16768
Publ.-Id: 16768


Structural Study on 2,2′-(Methylimino)bis(N,N-Dioctylacetamide) Complex with Re(VII)O4- and Tc(VII)O4- by 1H NMR, EXAFS, and IR Spectroscopy

Saeki, M.; Sasaki, Y.; Nakai, A.; Ohashi, A.; Banerjee, D.; Scheinost, A. C.; Foerstendorf, H.

The structures of the complex of 2,2'-(methylimino)bis(N,N-dioctylacetamide) (MIDOA) with M-(VII)O-4(-) (M = Re and Tc), which were prepared by liquid-liquid solvent extraction, were investigated by using H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The H-1 NMR spectra of the complex of MIDOA with Re(VII)O-4(-) prepared in the organic solution suggest the transfer of a proton from aqueous to organic solution and the formation of the H(+)MIDOA ion. The EXAFS spectra of the complexes of H(+)MIDOA with Re(VII)O-4(-) and Tc(VII)O-4(-) show only the M-O coordination of the aquo complexes, suggesting that the chemical state of M(VII)O-4(-) was unchanged during the extraction process. The results from H-1 NMR and EXAFS, therefore, provide evidence of M(VII)O-4(-)center dot center dot center dot H(+)MIDOA complex formation in the organic solution. The IR spectra of Re(VII)O-4(-)center dot center dot center do!
t H(+)MIDOA and Tc(VII)O-4(-)center dot center dot center dot H(+)MIDOA were analyzed based on the structures and the IR spectra that were calculated at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level. Comparison of the observed and calculated IR spectra demonstrates that an intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed in H(+)MIDOA, and the M(VII)O-4(-) ion interacts with H(+)MIDOA through multiple C-H-n center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds.

Keywords: liquid-liquid solvent extraction; solvent extraction process; Complexation; DFT

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16767
Publ.-Id: 16767


Laser driven proton accelerators on the way to application in cancer therapy?

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    470. WE-Heraeus-Seminar, 15.12.2010, Bad Honnef, Deutschland
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Seminar am Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, 28.01.2011, Groningen, Niederland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16766
Publ.-Id: 16766


Neue Strahlenarten in der Radioonkologie:Übersicht und Bewertung

Enghardt, W.

1. Physikalische Eigenschaften von Ionenstrahlen
2. Bestrahlungsfeld-Formierung für Ionenstrahlen
3. Kernreaktionen
4. Exotische Strahlen

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Strahlenschutz und Qualitätssicherung, 26.-27.11.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16765
Publ.-Id: 16765


Das Dresdener Protonenprojekt

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (others)
    Fachgespräch im Sächsischen Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft, 25.11.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16764
Publ.-Id: 16764


Image based in-vivo dosimetry for proton and ion tumour therapy

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Physikalisches Kolloquium, 12.11.2010, Bonn, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16763
Publ.-Id: 16763


Neue Entwicklungen in der Strahlentherapie

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (others)
    15. Strahlenschutzseminar der Staatlichen Fortbildungsstätte Reinhardtsgrimma, 11.-12.11.2010, Reinhardtgrimma, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16762
Publ.-Id: 16762


Technologie für die Radiotherapie

Enghardt, W.

1.Die Wechselwirkung ionisierender Strahlung mit (belebter) Materie
2.Die Formen der Strahlentherapie
3.Exkurs in die Radionuklid- und Brachytherapie
4.Teletherapie
4.1. Die Erzeugung von Photonen- und Elektronenstrahlen für
die Strahlentherapie (Elektronen-Linearbeschleuniger)
4.2. Ionenstrahl-Therapie
4.3. Adaptive Strahlentherapie

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Vorlesungen, 28.06.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16761
Publ.-Id: 16761


Moderne Technologie für die Strahlentherapie von Tumoren

Enghardt, W.

1. Die Wechselwirkung ionisierender Strahlung mit (belebter) Materie
2. Moderne strahlentherapeutische Techniken
3. Photonen- und Elektronenstrahlen für die Therapie
4. Ionenstrahl-Therapie
5. Adaptive Strahlentherapie

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Fakultät Maschinenwesen, 25.05.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16760
Publ.-Id: 16760


Medical Radiation Sciences

Enghardt, W.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Sitzung des Fachausschusses Strahlenschutz des Länderausschusses für Atomkernenergie, 18.02.2010, Bonn, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16759
Publ.-Id: 16759


Prospects in Medical Imaging - Summary

Enghardt, W.

no abstract available

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop "Physics for Health in Europe", 02.-04.02.2010, Genf, Schweiz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16758
Publ.-Id: 16758


Helmholtz Beamline at the European XFEL

Cowan, T. E.

Kein Abstract vorhanden

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    European XFEL Science Advisory Committee, 29.09.2011, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Workshop on Petawatt-Lasers at Hard X-ray Light Sources, 05.-09.09.2011, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16757
Publ.-Id: 16757


Prospects for Laser-Driven Ion Beam Therapy

Cowan, T. E.

Kein Abstract vorhanden

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    OSA Frontiers in Optics 2011, 16.-20.10.2011, San Jose, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16756
Publ.-Id: 16756


Laser-acceleration of ions and their potential for Radiation Therapy

Cowan, T. E.

Kein Abstrakt vorhanden

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Light at Extreme Intensities 2011, 14.-18.11.2011, Szeged, Ungarn

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16755
Publ.-Id: 16755


Helmholtz Beamlines

Cowan, T. E.

Kein Abstract vorhanden

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    LAALA 2011 Sino-German Symposium on Laser Acceleration and Applications of Lasers at Accelerators, 05.-08.12.2011, Beijing, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16754
Publ.-Id: 16754


Multi-scale thermalhydraulic analyses performed in NURESIM and NURISP projects

Bestion, D.; Lucas, D.; Anglart, H.; Niceno, B.; Vyskocil, L.

The NURESIM and NURISP successive projects of the 6th and 7th European Framework Programs joined the efforts of 21 partners for developing and validating a reference multi-physics and multi-scale platform for reactor simulation. The platform includes system codes, component codes, and also CFD or CMFD simulation tools. Fine scale CFD simulations are useful for a better understanding of physical processes, for the prediction of small scale geometrical effects and for solving problems that require a fine space and/or time resolution. Many important safety issues usually treated at the system scale may now benefit from investigations at a CFD scale. The Pressurized Thermal Shock is investigated using several simulation scales including Direct Numerical Simulation, Large Eddy Simulation, Very Large Eddy Simulation and RANS approaches. At the end a coupling of system code and CFD is applied. Condensation Induced Water-Hammer was also investigated at both CFD and 1-D scale. Boiling flow in a reactor core up to Departure from Nucleate Boiling or Dry-Out is investigated at scales much smaller than the classical sub-channel analysis codes. DNS was used to investigate very local processes whereas CFD in both RANS and LES was used to simulate bubbly flow and Euler-Lagrange simulations were used for annular mist flow investigations. Loss of Coolant Accidents are usually treated by system codes. Some related issues are now revisited at the CFD scale. In each case the progress of the analysis is summarized and the benefit of the multi-scale approach is shown.

Keywords: CFD; simulation; PTS; CHF; Reflooding; water hammer

  • Contribution to proceedings
    20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE20, 30.07.-02.08.2012, Anaheim, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16753
Publ.-Id: 16753


Opportunities for Compression Science with the Helmholtz Beamline at the European XFEL

Cowan, T. E.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Dynamic Compression Sector, DCS @ APS Workshop, 19.-20.01.2012, Argonne, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16752
Publ.-Id: 16752


Hollow Beam creation with continuous diffractive phase mask at PHELIX

Brabetz, C.; Eisenbarth, U.; Kester, O.; Stoehlker, T.; Cowan, T. E.; Zielbauer, B.; Bagnoud, V.

We propose and demonstrate a method for shaping the focus of high intensity lasers into an annular or “donut” mode. The method, based on helical phase plates, has been implemented at the PHELIX laser facility.

Related publications

  • Contribution to proceedings
    CLEO 2012, 08.-10.05.2012, San Jose, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16751
Publ.-Id: 16751


Influence of the copper impurity level on the irradiation response of reactor pressure vessel steels investigated by SANS

Wagner, A.; Ulbricht, A.; Bergner, F.; Altstadt, E.

Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel, when exposed to neutron irradiation, induces the formation of nano-sized features. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) we have studied the neutron fluence dependence of the precipitate volume fraction for high-Cu and low-Cu materials separately. Cu-rich precipitates have long been recognized to play the dominant role in embrittlement of Cu-bearing RPV steels. In contrast, Mn-Ni-rich precipitates seem to govern embrittlement in the case of low levels of impurity Cu. The objective is to work out the resulting differences from the microstructural point of view. For low-Cu materials, the volume fraction was found to be within the detection limit of SANS at fluences below an apparent threshold fluence, whereas the slope increases considerably beyond. The relationship between irradiation-induced yield stress increase and precipitate volume fraction was also considered. We have derived estimates of the obstacle strength for Cu-rich precipitates and for Mn-Ni-rich precipitates.

Keywords: Neutron irradiation; Irradiation hardening; Iron base alloy; Reactor pressure vessel steel; Cu impurity; SANS; Microstructure

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16750
Publ.-Id: 16750


Stopping power dependence of nitrogen sputtering yields in copper nitride films under swift-ion irradiation: exciton model approach

Gordillo, N.; González-Arrabal, R.; Rivera, A.; Munnik, F.; Agulló-López, F.

Nitrogen sputtering yields as high as 2×103 N / ion are obtained by irradiating N-rich-Cu3N films (N concentration (33±2) at.%) with Cu ions at energies in the range 10-42 MeV. The kinetics of N sputtering as a function of ion fluence is determined at several energies (stopping powers) for films deposited on both, glass and silicon substrates. The kinetic curves show a three stage-behaviour: an initial inhibition stage I of low sputtering yield, followed by a more extended linear region II that finally reaches a saturation stage III at a low remaining nitrogen fraction (5-10 %). For the case of silicon substrates the contribution of the initial stage is not significant. The sputtering rate of stage II is found to be independent of the substrate and to linearly increase with electronic stopping power (Se). A Se threshold for nitrogen depletion of ~3.4 keV/nm is estimated. Experimental kinetic data are successfully analysed within the bulk molecular recombination model. All features are in accordance with electronic excitation mechanisms, showing for the first time evidence of the excitonic model.

Keywords: Copper nitride; ion beam modification of materials; swift heavy ion irradiation; electronic sputtering

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16749
Publ.-Id: 16749


Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum and Titanium Phosphates

Hämäläinen, J.; Holopainen, J.; Munnik, F.; Heikkilä, M.; Ritala, M.; Leskelä, M.

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of phosphate containing thin films using reactions between metal halide and phosphorus source without any additional oxygen sources was examined. Two very common metal halides, AlCl3 and TiCl4, were used in conjunction with trimethyl phosphate (TMPO) to grow corresponding metal phosphate films. Aluminum phosphate thin films were deposited at temperatures between 150 and 400 °C while titanium phosphate films grew between 275 and 450 °C. Amorphous films of Al2.6PO7.0 and Al1.6PO5.6 were deposited at 200 and 300 °C, respectively, while the amorphous titanium phosphate films deposited at 300 and 400 °C consisted of Ti0.8PO3.9 and Ti0.6PO3.5 (Ti1.2P2O7). The films were analyzed using high temperature XRD to study the crystallization and stability of the deposited films. Also the surface morphology of the annealed films was examined by FESEM.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16748
Publ.-Id: 16748


Lithium Phosphate Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

Hämäläinen, J.; Holopainen, J.; Munnik, F.; Hatanpää, T.; Heikkilä, M.; Ritala, M.; Leskelä, M.

Lithiumphosphate, Li3PO4, has been considered a potential electrolytematerial for lithiumion batteries and CO2 sensors in particular if the films can be made dense and of high quality already at low thickness. In this work, Li3PO4 thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) between 225 and 350°C using trimethyl phosphate and either of the two lithium sources, namely lithium hexamethyldisilazide or lithium tert-butoxide. The deposited films showed slightly crystalline Li3PO4 structure in X-ray diffraction and the elastic recoil detection analysis confirmed this stoichiometry with some carbon and hydrogen impurities. The crystallinity and thermal stability of the films at elevated temperatures in N2 were also examined. The long term stability of the deposited Li3PO4 films under ambient air may be an issue for the applicability of these processes.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16747
Publ.-Id: 16747


Radiation field characterization and shielding studies for the ELI Beamlines Facility

Ferrari, A.; Amato, E.; Margarone, D.; Cowan, T.; Rus, B.

The ELI (Extreme Light Infrastructure) Beamlines Facility in the Czech Republic, which is planned to complete the installation in 2015, is one of the four pillars of the ELI european project. Several laser beamlines with ultrahigh intensities and ultrashort pulses are foreseen, offering versatile radiation sources in an unprecedented energy range: laser-driven particle beams are expected to range between 1 GeV and 50 GeV for electrons and from 100 MeV up to 3 GeV for protons. The number of particles delivered per laser shot is estimated to be 109-1010 for the electron beams and 1010-1012 for the proton beams.
The high energy and current values of the produced particles, together with the potentiality to operate at 10 Hz laser repetition rate, require an accurate study of the primary and secondary radiation fields to optimize appropriate shielding solutions: this is a key issue to minimize prompt and residual doses in order to protect the personnel, reduce the radiation damage of electronic devices and avoid strong limitations in the operational time.
A general shielding study for the 10 PW (0.016 Hz) and 2 PW (10 Hz) laser beamlines is presented here. Starting from analytical calculations, as well as from dedicated simulations, the main electron and proton fields produced in the laser-matter interaction have been described and used to characterize the "source terms" in full simulations with the Monte Carlo code FLUKA. The secondary radiation fields have been then analyzed to assess a proper shielding. The results of this study and the proposed solutions for the beam dumps of the high energy beamlines are presented, together with a cross-check analysis performed with the Monte Carlo code GEANT4.

Keywords: particle acceleration from laser-matter interaction; shielding; Monte Carlo; radiation protection

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Plasma Production by Laser Ablation (PPLA 2011), 21.-23.09.2011, Catania, Italia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16746
Publ.-Id: 16746


Hysteretic anomalous Hall effect in a Mn-rich, amorphous Ge:Mn nanonet

Bürger, D.; Zhou, S.; Höwler, M.; Ou, X.; Kovacs, G. J.; Reuther, H.; Mücklich, A.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.; Schmidt, H.

In a previous work [1], we fabricated ferromagnetic Ge:Mn by Mn ion implantation and pulsed laser annealing (PLA) and observed hysteretic Hall resistance below 10 K. By applying different PLA conditions we fabricated a percolating, Mn-rich, amorphous Ge:Mn nano-network with hysteretic Hall resistance up to 30K. This nano-network is embedded in crystalline Ge:Mn between 5 nm and 40 nm under the sample surface.
We applied chemical and physical etching to confirm the contribution of the nano-network to the magnetic properties. The nano-network has a significant influence on the correlation between magnetism and anomalous Hall resistance. In the future such nano-networks may be used to spin-polarize free charge carriers in semiconductors at room temperature.
[1] S. Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 165204 (2010)

Keywords: pulsed laser annealing; instability; GeMn

Related publications

  • Poster
    IFW Winterschool, 15.-18.01.2012, Oberwiesenthal, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16745
Publ.-Id: 16745


From ore to concentrate -a systematic geometallurgical study on the Cavanacaw Au Deposit, Northern Ireland

Birtel, S.; Wunderlich, I.; Gutzmer, J.

A systematic geometallurgical assessment was carried out to follow changes of mineralogical composition and microfabric following the ore extracted from a single mined block extracted at the Cavanacaw Au Mine from the open pit (in situ ore) through the entire beneficiation process. SEM-based image analyses was used as major analytical tool to carry out the investigation on the finely disseminated Au ores. First of all no Au was found in the tailings, the beneficiation plant recovers the bulk of the sulfides and electrum to the concentrate, and finally Au liberation is good. Despite of these positive assesment results illustrate, there are still some losses that appear to be systemic. In particular, large electrum grains (>60 µm) that are abundant in the original uncrushed material only make a minor contribution to the final concentrate. Due to the ductile behaviour of electrum, fracturing of larger electrum grains into smaller grain sizes appears unlikely – it is thus suspected that these larger particles may be lost during processing.
Furthermore, our results clearly reveal that narrow high grade and sulphide-rich veins are higher in gold grade than the final flotation concentrate. This results from processing a mixture of high grade ore and partly mineralised wall rock. To reduce processing costs it should thus be considered to introduce optical sorting to separate the high-grade vein from lower grade mineralised wall rock. Such pre-selection may further improve recovery

Keywords: geometallurgy; in-situ analyses; hydrothermal Au deposit

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Conference in Minerals Engineering 2012, 07.-08.02.2012, Luleaa, Schweden
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Conference in Minerals Engineering, 07.-08.02.2012, Luleaa, Sweden
    Luleaa Reprints 2012, 41-49

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16744
Publ.-Id: 16744


Irradiation of a Thorium-Plutonium Rodlet: Experiment and Benchmark Calculations

Insulander-Björk, K.; Mittag, S.; Nabbi, R.; Rineiski, A.; Schitthelm, O.; Vezzoni, B.

A benchmark exercise for thorium-plutionium fuel, based on experimental data, has been carried out. A thoriumplutonium oxide fuel rodlet was irradiated in a PWR for four consecutive cycles, to a burnup of about 37MWd/kgHM.
During the irradiation, the rodlet was inserted into a guide tube of a standardMOX fuel assembly. After the irradiation, the rod was subjected to several PIE measurements, including radiochemical analysis. Element concentrations and radial distributions in the rodlet, multiplication factors and distributions within the carrier assembly of burnup and power were calculated. Four participants in the study simulated the irradiation of the MOX fuel assemblies including the thorium-plutonium rodlet using their respective code systems; MCBurn, HELIOS, CASMO-5 and ECCO/ERANOS combined with TRAIN. The results of the simulations and the measured results of the radiochemical analysis were compared and found to be in fairly good agreement when the calculated results were calibrated to give the same burnup of the thorium-plutonium rodlet as that experimentally measured. Average concentrations of several minor actinides and fission products were well reproduced by all codes, to the extent that can be expected based on known uncertainties in the experimental setup and the cross section libraries. Calculated results which could not be confirmed by experimental measurement were compared and only two significant anomalies were found, which can probably be addressed by limited modifications of the codes.

Keywords: Thorium; plutonium; benchmark; experiment; simulation; LWR

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16743
Publ.-Id: 16743


Separation of a potential VAChT radioligand from its nitro precursor - an HPLC study for optimization of F-18-radiosynthesis

Wenzel, B.; Fischer, S.; Hiller, A.; Brust, P.; Steinbach, J.

1. Introduction
The F-18-benzoyl group is a useful functionality for the development of PET-radiotracers in order to introduce F-18 in a simple one step radiosynthesis. Since nitro leaving groups are common for the nucleophilic F-18-substitution, we utilized a nitro precursor for F-18-labeling of a vesamicol analog to evaluate it as new radioligand for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), which is an interesting target for imaging of presynaptic cholinergic deficiencies using PET.
The separation of a F-18-labeled compound from its nitro precursor in the radiosynthesis is often challenging, accordingly we firstly used the approach of reduction of the remaining nitro precursor to its amine, because this amine is normally easier to isolate from the radiotracer by semi-preparative HPLC than the nitro precursor itself. However, in order to avoid this additional step during the radiosynthetic procedure, we were interested to develop a suitable HPLC method to separate directly the radiotracer from its nitro precursor. Several analytical HPLC columns and eluent systems were investigated.

2. Materials & Methods
Because of the basic character of the analytes (tertiary amines) several columns were selected which are specially designated for the separation of basic analytes due to their potential to reduce peak tailing (LiChrospher Select B, Nucleosil AB, Reprosil Gold, Reprosil-Pur Basic HD). To study the influence of possible pi-pi-interactions, especially of the nitro precursor, we also used different phenyl and cyano columns (Nucleodur Sphinx, Fortis Phenyl, Reprosil Phenyl, LiChrospher CN). For comparison also a bare silica phase and commonly used AQ phases were investigated.
Aqueous acetonitrile and methanol mixtures with ammonium acetate, triethylamine/acetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid were used as typical eluent systems.

3. Results
The aims of this HPLC study were: (i) to find a suitable separation method in which the fluoro compound clearly elutes in front of the nitro precursor, and (ii) to get more information about the suitability of different column types regarding separation data such as retention, peak tailing and resolution.
In general, with almost all columns the two compounds could be separated, however, the quality of separations was different and surprisingly, changes in elution order were observed. For example, using aqueous acetonitrile/ammonium acetate as eluent system, the fluoro compound elutes in front of the nitro precursor at low content of organic modifier. In contrast, a reversed retention behavior was observed at high content of acetonitrile which was also found by using methanol as organic modifier. Additionally, we observed that not all columns, designated to be especially appropriate for basic analytes, showed satisfying separation properties. Finally, a phenyl column was selected for the semi-preparative separation of the 18-F-labeled radiotracer from its nitro precursor and a reduction of the total radiosynthesis time by one hour could be achieved .

4. Conclusion
Due to this intensive analytical HPLC study, we were able to select a suitable column for an improved purification of a radiotracer from its remaining nitro precursor, which resulted in a considerable shortening of the radiosynthetic procedure.

  • Poster
    16th European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 26.-29.04.2012, Nantes, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16742
Publ.-Id: 16742


Regioselektive Synthese neuer Vesamicolanaloga als potenzielle Liganden für den vesikulären Acetylcholintransporter im Gehirn

Jäckel, P.

Es ist kein Abstract vorhanden.

  • Thesis / Students' report
    HTW Dresden, 2011
    48 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16741
Publ.-Id: 16741


Multilayer Deposition and Resuspension Studies of Aerosol Particles between Periodic Steps in Turbulent Channel Flows

Lustfeld, M.; Barth, T.; Banowski, M.

Radioactive carbonaceous aerosol particles deposit within the primary circuit of a high temperature reactor (HTR). These particles can pose a considerable threat if resuspended by a shock wave in the case of an unlikely loss-of-coolant accident and partially released into the environment (Kissane, 2009).
Stempniewicz et al. (2010) carried out simulations of the spatial and temporal development of carbonaceous dust deposits in the primary circuit of a HTR. Maximum dust layer thickness after full operation time of 60 years was well above 10 mm. However, the underlying multilayer models require additional experimental verification.
Therefore, particle deposition and resuspension experiments of multilayer graphite deposits have been conducted in a small-scale test facility. The results for particle layer thickness have been correlated to corresponding flow data as measured by means of a 2C2D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system.
The experimental facility consists of a ventilated square duct (d = 100 mm), which is operated with air at ambient conditions. The average air velocity can be regulated over the range u = 1..7 m/s, corresponding to Reynolds numbers between Red = 8.9k..42k. As flow obstacles, periodic steps have been chosen (Fig. 1) allowing the comparison of results with previous studies on monolayer deposition (e.g. Lai et al., 1999).
Graphite aerosol particles (Thielmann Graphite, 23061) have been injected into the duct 15 diameters upstream of the test section by means of a dust disperser TOPAS - SAG 410. Setting the mass flux to 80 g/h an average mass concentration of airborne particles of up to 2 g/m³ is established. The aerodynamic particle size distribution of the graphite particles was determined by means of a TSI – APS 3321confirming that the particles cover well the range of interest for HTR conditions (quantiles:
dP,10 = 1.83 µm, dP,50 = 4.40 µm and dP,90 = 10.64 µm).
The deposition experiments have been conducted under different flow conditions and the development of graphite particle deposits in the vicinity of the steps have been observed by hourly laser triangulation measurements. Subsequently, the generated multilayer has been resuspended at a higher flow velocity and the thickness of the remaining structure has been measured using the same techniques.
Results show that for a relatively low Reynolds number of Red = 8.9k (Fig.2), deposition is mainly governed by gravitational settling and the deposition rate is almost independent of position and time. On the other hand, subsequent resuspension at higher flow velocities (Red =27.2k) reveals a strong relation between flow field and remaining layer (Fig.3), which is further being investigated.

Keywords: Carbonaceous particles; deposition; High Temperature Reactor; periodic steps; resuspension

  • Lecture (Conference)
    European Aerosol Conference, 04.-09.09.2011, Manchester, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16740
Publ.-Id: 16740


Influence of probe nozzle diameter on aerosol particle size distribution for isokinetic sampling in gas streams

Barth, T.; Lustfeld, M.

Isokinetic sampling from stacks and ducts is a widely used method for air pollution control in many industrial and environmental applications.
During the last 40 years, U.S. EPA developed reference methods for air pollutant emission sampling of stationary sources, which included a compendium of technical guidelines for the monitoring of aerosol particles. One of the main parts of the sampling system is the sampling probe nozzle for which it was suggested in the reference methods that the lower bound diameter should be greater than di = 6 mm (Cohen, 2001). The influences of sampling nozzle tube diameter, the velocity ratio between free stream and the sampling tube as well as the tube inclination have been considered widely (Vincent, 2007). On the other hand, the influence of tube diameter has not been quantified by means of aerosol particle size spectrometry yet.
McFarland et al. (1997) as well as Peters and Leith (2004) experimentally investigated the deposition losses of aerosol particles in pipe bends. Both found a strong increase of deposition losses in the sampling tube for particle Stokes number of Stk > 0.3.
In this work, the influence of the nozzle diameter of the sampling probe on the aerosol particle size distribution was investigated by means of TSI APS 3321 and TOPAS LAP 321 measurements.
The considered gas/aerosol test facility is a small scale wind tunnel, which consists of a HEPA at the inlet and a square duct section in diameter of dhyd = 10 cm and length of l = 20dhyd = 2 m. The test section, where sampling takes place, is followed by a diffuser stage, an electrical precipitator and a radial fan in order to generate the desired pressure head. The average air velocity can be regulated over the range u = 1..7 m/s, corresponding to Reynolds numbers between Red = 8.9k..42k. In order to achieve isokinetic sampling, the flow rate of the sampling device has been accurately adjusted using Particle Image Velocimetry data.
AC Fine Test Dust (ISO 12103-1, dnom = 0.1..80 µm, bimodal distribution) was injected 17 diameter lengths upstream of the sampling point by means of a dust disperser TOPAS SAG 410. Four probe nozzle diameters di = [3,5,7,9] mm were chosen.
Figure 1 displays the volume weighted aerodynamic particle size distribution of AC Fine under variation of nozzle tube diameter as measured by the APS 3321. The modal dP,aero = 5 µm is roughly independent of nozzle size, whereas the values of the distribution for particle diameters above dP,aero > 12 µm increase continuously with increasing nozzle diameter.
A similar upward tendency in size distribution with increasing nozzle diameter is observed in the LAP measurement results (not shown here). This leads to the conclusion that deposition losses due to inertia, which consequently affect the larger particles, can be considerably reduced by accordingly increasing tube nozzle diameter. In addition, a comparison of aerodynamic particle size (APS 3321) and scattering particle size (LAP 321) will be presented.

Keywords: deposition; instrumentation; measurement; sampling; spectrometry

  • Poster
    European Aerosol Conference, 04.-09.09.2011, Manchester, United Kingdom

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16739
Publ.-Id: 16739


Effect of an electromagnetic brake on the turbulent melt flow in a continuous casting mold

Miao, X.; Timmel, K.; Lucas, D.; Ren, Z.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations with respect to the fluid flow in the continuous casting process under the influence of an external DC magnetic field. Numerical calculations were performed by means of the software package CFX with an implemented RANS-SST turbulence model. The non-isotropic nature of the MHD turbulence was taken into account by specific modifications of the turbulence model. The numerical results were validated by flow measurements carried out in a small-scale mockup using the eutectic alloy GaInSn. The jet flow discharging from the submerged entry nozzle was exposed to a level magnetic field spanning across the entire wide side of the mold. The comparison between our numerical calculations and the experimental results displays a very well agreement, in particular, we were able to reconstruct the peculiar phenomenon of an excitation of non-steady, non-isotropic large-scale flow perturbations due to the application of the DC magnetic field. Another important result of our study is the feature that the electrical boundary conditions, namely the wall conductivity ratio, have a serious influence on the mold flow just as it is exposed to an external magnetic field.

Keywords: continuous casting; fluid flow; electromagnetic brake; CFD modelling; RANS model

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16738
Publ.-Id: 16738


ELBE Upgrade

Michel, P.

Until 2014 ELBE will be upgraded to a Centre for High Power Radiation Sources. The concept contains additional broad and narrow band coherent THz sources and the development of a 500 TW Ti:Sa Laser and even a 2 PW diode pumped Laser system. Laser plasma electron acceleration and proton acceleration experiments for medical applications are planed. Additionally coupled electron laser beam experiments like Thomson scattering or injection of ELBE electron into the laser plasma will be done.

Keywords: broad and narrow band coherent THz sources; 500 TW Ti:Sa Laser; 2 PW diode pumped Laser system

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Superconducting Accelerators for FEL- and Bremsstrahlung Applications Workshop, 31.01.-03.02.2011, Antalya, Türkei

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16737
Publ.-Id: 16737


Radionuclide-labeled Substances for Molecular Therapy of Tumors

Steinbach, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Helmholtz-Kurchatov-Workshop, 24.05.2011, Moskau, Russland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16735
Publ.-Id: 16735


Overview about ELBE and Project Organization

Michel, P.

A superconducting Electron Linac with high Brilliance and low Emittance (ELBE) which provides an average beam current of 1 mA with maximum beam energy of 36 MeV was constructed in the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany. The electron beam is used to generate infrared light (Free Electron Lasers), MeV-Bremsstrahlung, X-rays (electron channelling), fast neutrons and positrons. The ELBE secondary beams are used for a wide range of basic research like semiconductor physics, nuclear astrophysics and radio biological investigations. Furthermore a 150 TW Ti:Sa Laser delivers high intense and very short laser pulses used for laser plasma acceleration of electrons and protons.
ELBE was built by an internal project group of the Rossendorf research center. The professional structure of this project group, the project management tools and the available budget and the schedules will be discussed, as well.

Keywords: Electron LINAC; infrared light; MeV-Bremsstrahlung, X-rays

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Superconducting Accelerators for FEL-and Bremsstrahlung Applications Workshop, 31.01.-03.02.2011, Antalya, Türkei

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16734
Publ.-Id: 16734


Affinität und Spezifität neuer Vesamicol-Derivate für die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie

Schweiger, S.

Es ist kein Abstract vorhanden.

  • Thesis / Students' report
    Universität Leipzig, 2011
    53 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16733
Publ.-Id: 16733


Synthese und Charaterisierung mehrfunktionaler Cyclam-Liganden mit Propionsäuregruppen

Lehmann, T.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Other
    Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, FR Chemie und Lebensmit, 2011
    75 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16729
Publ.-Id: 16729


Entwicklung von Indolylalkylamin-basierten Radiotracern für den Serotonintransporter

Funke, U.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Doctoral thesis
    Universität Leipzig, Fakultät Chemie und Mineralogie, 2011
    231 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16728
Publ.-Id: 16728


Affinitätsuntersuchungen von Cetuximab-Konjugaten an Tumorzellen mit unterschiedlichen EGFR-Expressionen

Jacob, A.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Diploma thesis
    Technische Hochschulle Mittelhessen, Gießen, 2011
    62 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16727
Publ.-Id: 16727


Zellaufnahme und Zelltoxizitätsuntersuchungen mit rheniumhaltigen Clusterverbindungen

Völkner, C.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Bachelor thesis
    Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, FB Maschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik, 2011
    62 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16726
Publ.-Id: 16726


EGRF-spezifische Peptide mit Pyridin-haltigen 1,4,7-Triazacyclononan-Liganden: Synthese, 64Cu-Markierung und Interaktion mit FaDu-Zellen

Hesse, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Diploma thesis
    Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Fakultät Chemie und Physik, 2011
    79 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16725
Publ.-Id: 16725


18F- and 11C-radiolabeled 1,2-diaryl substituted indoles as potential probes for monitoring cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) -radiosynthesis and cell uptake studies

Kniess, T.; Laube, M.; Graf, F.; Steinbach, J.; Pietzsch, J.

Aim: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme induced during inflammation, but overexpression of COX-2 also has been observed in carcinogenic processes. Noninvasive monitoring and quantitative characterization of functional expression of
COX-2 by means of PET would substantially improve understanding of the role of this enzyme during manifestation and progression of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Herein we report first radiosynthesis and cellular uptake studies of two
highly affine COX-2 inhibitors having a 1,2-diaryl substituted indole scaffold.
Materials and methods: The highly affine COX-2 inhibitors 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-1H-indole 1 and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-1H-indole 2 (both IC50 COX-2 ~ 20 nM) [1] served as nonradioactive references. The 18F-radiolabeled tracer [18F]1 was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of an appropriate trimethylammonium-substituted aromatic precursor with [18F]fluoride and subsequent McMurry cyclization. The 11C-radiolabeled probe [11C]2 was formed via a methylation reaction of the corresponding desmethyl precursor with [11C]CH3I. Different human tumor cell lines showing selectively high COX-2 (FaDu, HT-29, A2058) or COX-1 expression (A375) were used to study the overall uptake or cellular association of [18F]1 and [11C]2 in vitro. To further differentiate the specific contribution of COX-1 and COX-2 to overall tracer uptake, unstimulated human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) and phorbol ester stimulated THP-1 macrophages (THP-1M) were used as models. The cell tracer uptake experiments using compounds [18F]1 and [11C]2 (0.4 MBq/mL) were performed in quadruplicate at 37°C for 30, 60, and 120 min.Results:[18F]1 was synthesized from [18F]fluoride in 10% yield (d.c.) in 98% radiochemical purity with a specific activity of 74-91 GBq/μmol. The 11Cradiolabeled compound [11C]2 was obtained in 23% yield (d.c.) in 99% radiochemical purity with a specific activity of 79-89 GBq/μmol. The radiotracer cellular uptake in each model used correlated well with the observed COX protein synthesis. Cell models with prominent COX-2 overexpression showed a substantially higher uptake of both [18F]1 and [11C]2 in the order FaDu>HT29>THP-1M>A2058 when compared to COX-1 overexpressing A375 cells. The lowest cellular uptake was observed in THP-1 showing no or very low baseline expression of both COX-1 and COX-2.
Conclusion:The new radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors were synthesized in good radiochemical yield and high purity. Cellular studies demonstrated well correlation of the overall radiotracer uptake with COX expression/protein synthesis rate. Further exploration of the new COX-2 inhibitors [18F]1 and [11C]2 regarding in vivo metabolic stability and biodistribution, including dynamic small animal PET investigations in tumor bearing mice, is currently under the way.[1] Hu W., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11, (2003), 1153

  • Poster
    Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) 2011, 15.-19.10.2011, Birmingham, UK
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 38(2011), S233

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16723
Publ.-Id: 16723


Biotechnologische Verfahren zur Sicherung von Rohstoffen

Pollmann, K.; Raff, J.; Kutschke, S.

Vorstellung von geplanten Arbeiten am HIF

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to external collection
    in: Acamonta- Zeitschrift für Freunde und Förderer der Technischen Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg: TUBA Freiberg, 2011, 26-27

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16722
Publ.-Id: 16722


Combined PET/MRI system in Head and Neck Cancer: Initial Experience

Beuthien-Baumann, B.; Platzek, I.; Schneider, M.; Gudziol, V.; Langner, J.; Brüning, E. M.; Laniado, M.; Kotzerke, J.; van den Hoff, J.

The recently introduced whole-body PET/MRI systems combine the unique metabolic imaging capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET) and the excellent soft tissue contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of PET/MRI for initial staging of head and neck cancer.
Materials and Methods:Ten male patients aged (age 52 to 78 years, median age 62.8 y) with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were examined using both a stand-alone PET scanner and a wholebody
PET/MRI scanner. Scanning started 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 350 MBq [18-F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) for the body trunk to exclude distant metastases. PET/MRI of the head and neck region followed immediately the first scan. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. A four-point-scale was used for qualitative evaluation of PET image quality. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the tumor and of both cerebellar hemispheres were determined for both PET data sets and used for semiquantitative comparison of image quality. Results were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pair test.Results:The primary tumor was detected by PET/MRI in all 10 patients, by PET in 9 out of 10 cases, and by MRI in 9 out of 10 cases. Seven patients had lymph nodes suspect for metastatic disease. In two patients, lymph nodes considered suspect using MRI showed no pathological FDG uptake. In contrast, a single patient had lymph nodes considered suspect by PET but not by MRI. Visual evaluation of PET images showed consistent results (including regional contrast) for both scanners. There were no statistically significant differences regarding SNR between conventional PET and PET/MRI for the tumor and for both cerebellar hemispheres (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: PET/MRI of head and neck cancer is feasible with a whole-body PET/MRI scanner with excellent image quality and - fusion. While previously available PET/MRI systems were largely restricted to brain examinations, whole-body PET/MRI scanners allow comprehensive tumor staging. Further patients will be examined to evaluate the clinical role of PET/MRI in head and neck cancer.

  • Poster
    Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) 2011, 15.-19.10.2011, Birmingham, UK
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 38(2011), S345

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16721
Publ.-Id: 16721


Ion beams as a tool for advanced structural characterization in ZnO-based materials

Redondo-Cubero, A.; Lorenz, K.; Alves, E.; Gago, R.; Hierro, A.; Vinnichenko, M.; Chauveau, J.-M.; Nakamura, A.; Krause, M.; Temmyo, J.; Muñoz, E.; Brandt, M.; Henneberger, F.

This work shows the application of ion beam techiques to the structural characterization of different ZnO compounds. Taking advantage of ion channelling phenomena in combination with some specific nuclear resonances, the individual evaluation of defects in the IIb-metal and O sublattices is achieved.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    SPIE Photonics West, Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Oxide-based Materials and Devices III (Conference 8263), 22.-25.01.2012, San Francisco, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16720
Publ.-Id: 16720


On the action of magnetic gradient forces in microstructured copper deposition

Mutschke, G.; Tschulik, K.; Weier, T.; Uhlemann, M.; Bund, A.; Alemany, A.; Fröhlich, J.

The relative influence of the Lorentz force and the magnetic gradient force on micro-structured copper deposition is studied with simple magnetic elements consisting of cylindrical permanent magnets are placed closely behind the surface of the cathode. Analytical findings and numerical simulations reveal that for magnets of small diameter the magnetic gradient force dominates. Experimental investigations find that the thickness of the deposited copper layer increases in the vicinity of the magnets. The combined analysis of simulations and experiments shows that this enhancement of mass transfer results from a local convection towards the electrode which is forced by the magnetic gradient force.

Keywords: electrodeposition; Lorentz force; magnetic gradient force

  • Magnetohydrodynamics 48(2012)2, 299-304

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16719
Publ.-Id: 16719


Neue biotechnologische Verfahren zur (Rück)Gewinnung seltener Industriemetalle

Raff, J.

Vorstellung der aktuellen und geplanten Forschungsarbeiten zum Thema (Rück)Gewinnung seltener Industriemetalle mittels biotechnologischer Verfahren am Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF) und am Institut für Ressourcenökologie.

Related publications

  • Lecture (others)
    Vortrag bei der Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e.V. (GMBU), Arbeitsgruppe "Funktionelle Schichten", 07.03.2012, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16718
Publ.-Id: 16718


Anchoring functional molecules on TiO(2) surfaces: A comparison between the carboxylic and the phosphonic acid group

Luschtinetz, R.; Gemming, S.; Seifert, G.

The adsorption of formic acid on clean TiO(2) anatase (101) and rutile (110) surfaces is studied by density-functional-based methods and compared with the results for coupling related phosphonic acids to titania surfaces. The preferred adsorption mode of the formic acid on both surfaces is a dissociative bridging bidentate complex, which is similar to the adsorption geometry of phosphonic acid. Higher adsorption energies and shorter Ti-O bond lengths indicate that phosphonic acid binds more strongly to TiO(2) than formic acid. The preference for the bidentate adsorption mode is supported by a detailed analysis of the charge distribution in the adsorption complexes. The strong interfacial electronic coupling between the adsorbate orbitals and the electronic states of the anatase (101) surface slab leads to additional states in the band gap of the clean surface. For rutile (110) no or only weak coupling of the adsorbate orbitals and the surface states occurs at the band edges, which leads to an increase of the band gap.

Keywords: density functional; DFT; transport; surface; organic electronics

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16717
Publ.-Id: 16717


Structure and properties of molybdenum sulfide nanostructures

Gemming, S.

Overview presentation on the dependence of dimensionality, structure, size, composition, electronic properties and preparation conditions of molybdenum sulfide nanostructures at the Seifert group seminar.

Keywords: molybdenum sulfide; density functional; brim state; conductivity; transport

  • Lecture (others)
    Workshop Electronic Structure of Novel Materials, 23.06.2011, Meissen, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16716
Publ.-Id: 16716


Nanostructures – Small and Beautiful

Gemming, S.; Facsko, S.; Erbe, A.

Overview presentation of FWIO activities.

Keywords: density functional; transport; ion-beam

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Kristallographisches Oberseminar, 27.05.2011, München, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16715
Publ.-Id: 16715


Transport through nanostructures

Gemming, S.

DFTEM 2011 Tutorial on nanoscale electronic transport

Keywords: DFT; density functional; transport

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    CECAM Workshop "Density Functional Theory and Transmission Electron Microscopy" 2011, 24.-28.07.2011, Lausanne, Schweiz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16714
Publ.-Id: 16714


Density Functional Theory + Transmission Electron Microscopy - Introduction to Density Functional Theory

Gemming, S.

Workshop DFTEM 2011 - Introductory Lecture to DFT

Keywords: density functional; DFT

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    CECAM-Workshop "Density Functional Theory and Transmission Electron Microscopy" 2011, 24.-28.07.2011, Lausanne, Schweiz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16713
Publ.-Id: 16713


Ecto-ATPase inhibition: ATP and adenosine release under physiological and ischemic in vivo conditions in the rat striatum

Melani, A.; Corti, F.; Stephan, H.; Müller, C. E.; Donati, C.; Bruni, P.; Vannucchi, M. G.; Pedata, F.

In the central nervous system (CNS) ATP and adenosine act as transmitters and neuromodulators on their own receptors but it is still unknown which part of extracellular adenosine derives per se from cells and which part is formed from the hydrolysis of released ATP. In this study extracellular concentrations of adenosine and ATP from the rat striatum were estimated by the microdialysis technique under in vivo physiological conditions and after focal ischemia induced by medial cerebral artery occlusion. Under physiological conditions, adenosine and ATP concentrations were in the range of 130 nmol/L and 40 nmol/L, respectively. In the presence of the novel ecto-ATPase inhibitor, PV4 (100 nmol/L), the extracellular concentration of ATP increased 12-fold to ~360 nmol/L but the adenosine concentration was not altered. This demonstrates that, under physiological conditions, adenosine is not a product of extracellular ATP. In the first 4 h after ischemia,
adenosine increased to ~690 nmol/L and ATP to ~50 nmol/L. In the presence of PV4 the extracellular concentration of ATP was in the range of 450 nmol/L and a significant decrease in extracellular adenosine (to ~270 nmol/L) was measured. The contribution of extracellular ATP to extracellular adenosine was maximal in the first 20 min after ischemia onset. Furthermore we demonstrated, by immunoelectron microscopy, the presence of the concentrative nucleoside transporter CNT2 on plasma and vesicle membranes isolated from the rat striatum. These results are in favor that adenosine is transported in vesicles and is released in an excitation–secretion manner under in vivo physiological conditions. Early after ischemia, extracellular ATP is hydrolyzed by ecto-nucleotidases which significantly contribute to the increase in extracellular adenosine. To establish the contribution of extracellular ATP to adenosine might constitute the basis for devising a correct putative purinergic strategy aimed at protection from ischemic damage.

Keywords: ATP; Adenosine; Microdialysis; Focal cerebral ischemia; Rat

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-16712
Publ.-Id: 16712


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