Actinid-Komplexe mit N-heterocyclischen Carbenen


Actinid-Komplexe mit N-heterocyclischen Carbenen

Köhler, L.; Patzschke, M.; März, J.; Stumpf, T.

The inverse trans influence (ITI) is an effect well-known to occur in high valent U(V/VI) complexes. It appears as a shortening of the M–L bond in trans position to a strongly donating ligand. The effect can be explained by electron density donation from the strong ligand to the metal center, which fills up the electron hole formed through electron density transfer from semi-core 6p to vacant 5f orbitals.[1,2] This results in the observed contraction and strengthening of the bond trans to the donating ligand.
To compare the ITI in UIV and UV complexes, the U compounds UIV(L¹)₂(TMSA)Cl₃] 1 (L¹ = iPr₂Im, TMSA = (N(SiMe₃)₂)−) and [UV(TMSI)Cl₅, but is in the same range as the other chloro ligands. The absence of a notable ITI can be attributed to intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure of 2. Structure optimization of the molecular UV complex dianion by DFT yield a U–Cl5 bond length of 2.55 Å, shorter than any other U–Cl bond by 0.02 Å. The difference between experiment and theory results from a great number of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the complex dianion and the carbene counterions in 2. Similar intermolecular interactions are not present in the crystal structure of 1, which is why the ITI could be observed for this compound.
The results demonstrate that the ITI affects complex structures for both, UIV and UV compounds, but additional effects, such as the intermolecular network observed in the structure of 2 can surpass its relatively small structural contribution.

References
[1] M. Gregson, E. Lu, D. P. Mills, F. Tuna, E. J. L. McInnes, C. Hennig, A. C. Scheinost, J. McMaster, W. Lewis, A. J. Blake, et al., Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14137.
[2] B. Kosog, H. S. La Pierre, F. W. Heinemann, S. T. Liddle, K. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 5284–5289.

Keywords: carbenes; inverse trans influence; ITI; uranium(V) complex

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