Model experiments on macroscopic thermoelectromagnetic convection

Thermoelectromagnetic convection (TEMC) in a generic configuration is studied experimentally. The experimental results demonstrate that even a moderate temperature gradient can produce distinct convection. When the magnet was positioned close to an isothermal wall with its direction of magnetization parallel to , a relatively stable vortex developed throughout the whole container. Moving the magnet to the center led to a modified distribution of the magnetic field, while, in turn, altered the flow topology into four-vortex structure. Numerical results support the experimental findings.