Three-feature dispersed barrier hardening model applied to Cu-bearing low-Ni RPV steels

The three-feature dispersed-barrier hardening model was successfully applied to neutron-irradiated RPV steels. Estimated values of the obstacle strength of loops, nanovoids and Cu-rich precipitates are largely consistent with reported estimates. For fluences representative of less than 60 years of operation (VVER440 base metal) nanovoids can be ignored, that means a two-feature version is sufficient.