From a non-magnet to a ferromagnet: Mn implantation into different TiO2 structures

We study effect of the initial structural order on the resulting magnetic properties of the manganese implanted TiO2 films. Different microstructures of as-grown TiO2 films, namely amorphous, polycrystalline anatase and epitaxial anatase, have been implant-doped with Mn+ up to a concentration of 5 at.%. We found that the different initial structures lead to different defect and charge carrier concentrations, and as a result, strongly influence the magnetic properties upon implantation. Depending on the initial microstructure, paramagnetism, secondary phases related magnetic properties as well as ferromagnetism could be observed in the films.