Mining of critical and strategic metals in socially and environmentally sensitive areas in Namibia

Namibia has a rapidly growing minerals industry and is a primary source for numerous valuable commodities, among which are many strategic metals; rare earth elements, tantalum and niobium. The insatiable global demand for such critical and strategic elements can therefore give Namibia an opportunity to become a major player in the market. The country has adopted a mining friendly policy that can attract investments and encourage the development of mining projects. Alongside this, some areas in Namibia are sensitive in terms of cultural heritage both socially and environmentally, whilst tourism grows as part of the competitive industry sectors. Thus, the potential exploitation of rare earths and respective metals may raise issues due to the presence of radioactivity, the use of hazardous chemical compounds and the treatment of their tailings. Under such controversial circumstances, future mining plans require thorough assessments and closer considerations with respect to the special boundary conditions that govern this specific sector of the mining industry. This paper investigates the mineability of three different deposits that are located in respective sensitive areas in Namibia with the use of evaluation indicators. Furthermore, suggestions are made in order to ensure the sustainability of the mining projects while fully satisfying the competing industries and preserving the environmental and cultural balance.