Environment induced pre-thermalization in the Mott-Hubbard model

Via the hierarchy of correlations, we study the strongly interacting Fermi-Hubbard model in the Mott insulator state and couple it to a Markovian environment which constantly monitors the particle numbers \hat n_\mu^\uparrow and \hat n_\mu^\downarrow for each lattice site \mu. As expected, the environment induces an imaginary part \gamma (i.e., decay rate) of the quasi-particle frequencies \omega_{\mathbf{k}}\to\omega_{\mathbf{k}}-i\gamma and tends to diminish the correlations between lattice sites. Surprisingly, the environment does also steer the state of the system on intermediate time scales \mathcal{O}(1/\gamma) to a pre-thermalized state very similar to a quantum quench (i.e., suddenly switching on the hopping rate J). Full thermalization occurs via local on-site heating and takes much longer.