Spatial magnetic imaging of non-axially symmetric vortex domains in cylindrical nanowire by transmission X-ray microscopy

The spatial magnetization texture of a cylindrical nanowire has been determined by Transmission X-ray Microscopy (TXM) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). For this purpose, nanowires with designed geometry, consisting of CoNi/Ni periodic segments, have been grown by designed electrodeposition into alumina templates. Experimental data allows one to conclude the presence of mono- and trivortex magnetic domains in CoNi segments but, unusually, these states are characterized by an asymmetric XMCD contrast across the nanowire’s section. Micromagnetic modelling shows non-trivial three-dimensional structures with ellipsoidal vortex cores and non-axially symmetric magnetization along the nanowire direction. The modelled TXM contrast of micromagnetic structures allows to correlate the experimental asymmetric XMCD contrast to the easy axis direction of the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy.