Unraveling the spatial distribution of Eu(III) in tobacco BY-2 cells by chemical microscopy

Rare earth elements (REE) have become critical components in science and industry. Their anthropogenic release into the environment and entry into the food chain poses a risk for the health of living beings. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the transfer and migration behaviour, the resulting localization and molecular characterization of REE in biological systems is crucial for a reasonable risk assessment and remediation strategies.