Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Institute | Leading institute | |
---|---|
FS | FK | FW | FWI | FWP | FWK | FWO | FWD | FWH | FWG | FWM | FWU | FWZ | FWF | FWC | FKT | ||
Year | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | <=2018 | |
Type of publication | Articles ref. in Journals | Conference abstracts in ref. journals | Books | Proceedings | Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte/ HZDR-Reports | Lectures | Posters | Patents | Research data | Software | RODARE publications | |
Open Access | Yes | No | |
Search |
"Online First" included
Approved and published publications
Only approved publications
42024 Publications
Simulation of RF Noise Propagation to Relativistic Electron Beam Properties in a Linear Accelerator
Maalberg, A.; Kuntzsch, M.; Petlenkov, E.
Abstract
The control system of the superconducting electron linear accelerator ELBE is planned to be upgraded by a beam-based feedback. As the design of the feedback algorithm enters its preliminary stage, the problem of analyzing the contribution of various disturbances to the development of the electron beam instabilities becomes highly relevant. In this paper we exploit the radio frequency (RF) phase and amplitude noise data measured at ELBE to create a behavioral model in Simulink. By modeling the interaction between a RF electromagnetic field and an electron bunch traversing a bunch compressor we analyze how the addition of RF noise impacts the electron beam properties, such as energy, duration and arrival time.
Keywords: Electron Linear Accelerator; Bunch Compression; RF Noise; Simulink Model
Involved research facilities
- Radiation Source ELBE DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-58
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-58 is cited by this (Id 31088) publication
-
Contribution to proceedings
21st IFAC World Congress, 13.07.2020, Berlin, Germany
DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.184
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31088
Revealing the Role of Epithelial Mechanics and Macrophage Clearance during Pulmonary Epithelial Injury Recovery in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes
Septiadi, D.; Abdussalam, W.; Rodriguez-Lorenzo, L.; Spuch-Calvar, M.; Bourquin, J.; Petri-Fink, A.; Rothen-Rutishauser, B.
Abstract
Wound healing assays are extensively used to study tissue repair mechanisms; they are typically performed by means of physical (i.e., mechanical, electrical, or optical) detachment of the cells in order to create an open space in which live cells can lodge. Herein, an advanced system based on extensive photobleaching-induced apoptosis; providing a powerful tool to understand the repair response of lung epithelial tissue, consisting of a small injury area where apoptotic cells are still intact, is developed. Notably, the importance of epithelial mechanics and the presence of macrophages during the repair can be understood. The findings reveal that individual epithelial cells are able to clear the apoptotic cells by applying a pushing force, whilst macrophages actively phagocytose the dead cells to create an empty space. It is further shown that this repair mechanism is hampered when carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are introduced: formation of aberrant (i.e., thickening) F-actins, maturation of focal adhesion, and increase in traction force leading to retardation in cell migration are observed. The results provide a mechanistic view of how CNTs can interfere with lung repair.
-
Advanced Materials 30(2018)52, 201806181
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806181
Cited 13 times in Scopus
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31087
Two-photon retinal theranostics by adaptive compact laser source
Podlipec, R.; Mur, J.; Petelin, J.; Štrancar, J.; Petkovšek, R.
Abstract
To avoid a devastating effect of eye vision impairment on the information flow from the eye to our brain, enormous effort is being put during the last decades into the development of more sensitive diagnostics and more efficient therapies of retinal tissue. While morphology can be impressively imaged by optical coherence tomography, molecular-associated pathology information can be provided almost exclusively by auto-fluorescence-based methods. Among the latter, the recently developed fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) has the potential to provide both structural information and interacting pictures at the same time. The requirements for FLIO laser sources are almost orthogonal to the laser sources used in phototherapy that is expected to follow up the FLIO diagnostics. To make theranostics more effective and cheaper, the complete system would need to couple at least the modalities of low-power high-repetition-rate FLIO and precision high-pulse energy-adjustable repetition rate phototherapy. In addition, the intermediate-power high repetition rate for two-photon excitation would also be desired to increase the depth resolution. In our work, compact fiber-laser based on high-speed gain-switched laser diode has been shown to achieve adaptable/independently tunable repetition rate and energy per pulse allowing coupled fluorescence lifetime diagnostics via two-photon excitation and phototherapy via laser-induced photodisruption on a local molecular environment in a complex ex vivo retinal tissue.
Keywords: adaptable fiber laser; retinal tissue; theranostics; multimodal imaging; fluorescence lifetime imaging
-
Applied Physics A 126(2020), 405
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-020-03587-2
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 1,3 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31086
Material assignment for proton range prediction in Monte Carlo patient simulations using stopping-power datasets
Fibiani-Permatasari, F.; Eulitz, J.; Richter, C.; Wohlfahrt, P.; Lühr, A.
Abstract
Motivation and objective: For each institute, the selection and calibration of the most suitable approach to assign material properties for Monte Carlo (MC) patient simulation in proton therapy is a major challenge. Current conventional approaches based on computed tomography (CT) depend on CT acquisition and reconstruction settings. This study proposes a material assignment approach, referred to as MATA (MATerial Assignment), which is independent of CT scanner properties and, therefore, universally applicable by any institute. Materials and methods: The MATA approach assigns material properties to the physical quantity stopping-power ratio (SPR) using a set of 40 material compositions specified for human tissues and linearly determined mass density. The application of clinically available CT-number-to-SPR conversion avoids the need for any further calibration. The MATA approach was validated with homogeneous and heterogeneous SPR datasets by assessing the SPR accuracy after material assignment obtained either based on dose scoring or determination of water-equivalent thickness. Finally, MATA was applied on patient datasets to evaluate dose differences induced by different approaches for material assignment and SPR prediction. Results: The deviation between the SPR after material assignment and the input SPR was close to zero in homogeneous datasets and below 0.002 (0.2% relative to water) in heterogeneous datasets, which was within the systematic uncertainty in SPR estimation. The comparison of different material assignment approaches revealed relevant differences in dose distribution and SPR. The comparison between two SPR prediction approaches, a standard look-up table and direct SPR determination from dual-energy CT, resulted in patient-specific mean proton range shifts between 1.3 mm and 4.8 mm. Conclusion: MATA eliminates the need for institution-specific adaptations of the material assignment. It allows for using any SPR dataset and thus facilitates the implementation of more accurate SPR prediction approaches. Hence, MATA provides a universal solution for patient modeling in MC-based proton treatment planning.
Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation; TOPAS; stopping-power ratio; dual-energy CT; proton radiotherapy
-
Physics in Medicine and Biology 65(2020)18, 185004
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9702
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 2,2 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31085
Thermal neutron radiography of a passive proton exchange membrane fuel cell for portable hydrogen energy systems
M. Chaparro, A.; Ferreira-Aparicio, P.; Folgado, M. A.; Hübscher, R.; Lange, C.; Weber, N.
Abstract
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for portable applications is studied with thermal neutron radiography. The PEMFC operates under passive conditions, with air-breathing cathode and dead-end anode supplied with static ambient air and dry hydrogen, respectively. A columnar cathodic plate favors the mobility of water drops over the cathode surface and their elimination. Thermal neutron images show liquid water build-up during operation of the cell in vertical and horizontal position, i.e. aligned parallel and perpendicular to the gravity field, respectively. Polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy show orientation dependent cell response that can be related with the water profiles. In vertical position, the elimination of drops sliding over the cathode surface as well as natural convection favor lower water contents in the cathode and improve oxygen transport. The vertical cell can be operated for hours in ambient conditions, providing steady power densities above 100 mW cm-² . In horizontal position, natural forces are less effective for water removal leading to 17% decrease in peak power density. The horizontal position is especially adverse if the upper electrode is the cathode, because anode flooding causes cell failure after production of a small amount of water (5 mg cm-²).
-
Journal of Power Sources 480(2020), 228668
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228668
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 1,9 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31084
Element- and orbital-selective magnetic coherent rotation at the first-order phase transition of a hard uniaxial ferrimagnet
Yamamoto, S.; Gorbunov, D.; Akai, H.; Yasumura, H.; Kotani, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Kato, T.; Mushnikov, N. V.; Andreev, A. V.; Nojiri, H.; Wosnitza, J.
Abstract
3d-4 f intermetalic compounds with heavy rare-earth elements show first-order phase transitions in high magnetic fields due to the competition between the exchange interaction and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, the microscopic picture of the field-induced noncollinear magnetic structures remains elusive. Here we report the direct experimental observation of the coherent stepwise rotation of the 3d and 4 f magnetic moments of the uniaxial hard ferrimagnet TmFe5Al7 by using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in pulsed magnetic fields up to 25 T. The element- and shell-selective moments show a transition from the collinear ferrimagnet toward the forced ferromagnetic state via a canted phase, which is explained by a two-sublattice model.
Involved research facilities
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD)
-
Physical Review B 101(2020), 174430
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.174430
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Secondary publication expected
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31083
Advanced characterization of multicaloric materials in pulsed magnetic fields
Gottschall, T.; Bykov, E.; Gràcia-Condal, A.; Beckmann, B.; Taubel, A.; Pfeuffer, L.; Gutfleisch, O.; Manosa, L.; Planes, A.; Scurschii, I.; Wosnitza, J.
Abstract
The multicaloric effect is described by a temperature or entropy change of a material triggered by external stimuli applied or removed simultaneously or sequentially. The prerequisite for this is a material exhibiting multiple ferroic states. However, direct measurements of the effect are rarely reported. Now, for this reason, we built a measurement device allowing to determine the adiabatic temperature change in pulsed magnetic fields and, simultaneously, under the influence of a uniaxial load. We selected the all-d-metal Heusler alloy Ni–Mn–Ti–Co for our first test because of its enhanced mechanical properties and enormous magneto- and elastocaloric effects. Ni–Mn–Ti–Co was exposed to pulsed magnetic fields up to 10 T and uniaxial stresses up to 80 MPa, and the corresponding adiabatic temperature changes were measured. With our new experimental tool, we are able to better understand multicaloric materials and determine their cross-coupling responses to different stimuli.
Involved research facilities
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD)
-
Journal of Applied Physics 127(2020), 185107
DOI: 10.1063/5.0006079
Cited 26 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 1,9 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31082
Unexpected magnetic phase in the weakly ordered spin-1/2 chain cuprate Sr2CuO3
Sergeicheva, E. G.; Sosin, S. S.; Gorbunov, D.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Gu, G. D.; Zaliznyak, I. A.
Abstract
The magnetic phase diagram of a spin- 1/2 chain antiferromagnet Sr2CuO3 is studied by an ultrasound phase-sensitive detection technique. The system is in the extreme proximity of the Luttinger-liquid quantum-critical point and we observe an unusually strong effect of magnetic field, which is very weak compared to the in-chain interaction, on the Néel ordering temperature. Inside the ordered phase, we detect an unexpected, field-induced continuous phase transition. The transition is accompanied by softening of magnetic excitation observed by electron-spin resonance, which in previous work [E. G. Sergeicheva et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 020411(R) (2017)] was associated with a longitudinal (amplitude) mode of the order parameter. These results suggest a transition from a transverse collinear antiferromagnet to an amplitude-modulated spin-density-wave phase in a very weak magnetic field, which is unexpected for a system of weakly coupled Heisenberg spin- 1/2 chains.
Involved research facilities
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD)
-
Physical Review B 101(2020), 201107 (R)
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.201107
Cited 2 times in Scopus
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31081
Effect of curvature on the eigenstates of magnetic skyrmions
Korniienko, A.; Kakay, A.; Sheka, D. D.; Kravchuk, V. P.
Abstract
Spectrum of spin eigenmodes localized on a ferromagnetic skyrmion pinned by a geometrical defect (bump) of magnetic films is studied theoretically. By means of direct numerical solution of the corresponding eigenvalue problem and finite element micromagnetic simulations we demonstrate, that the curvature can induce localized modes with higher azimuthal and radial quantum numbers, which are absent for planar skyrmions (for the same parameters). The eigenfrequencies of all modes, except the breathing and gyromodes decreases with increasing curvature. Due to the translational symmetry break, the zero translational mode of the skyrmion gains a finite frequency and forms the gyromode, which describes the uniform rotation of skyrmions around the equilibrium position. In order to treat the gyromotion analytically we developed a Thiele-like collective variable approach. We show that Neel skyrmions in curvilinear films experience a driving force originating from the gradient of the mean curvature. The gyrofrequency of the pinned skyrmion is proportional to the second derivative of the mean curvature at the point of equilibrium.
Keywords: skyrmions; curvature; eigenmodes; Thiele equation
-
Physical Review B 102(2020), 014432
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.014432
Cited 24 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Open Access Version from arxiv.org
- Secondary publication expected
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31080
Multidimensional characterization of separation processes – Part 2: Comparability of separation efficiency
Buchmann, M.; Schach, E.; Leißner, T.; Kern, M.; Mütze, T.; Rudolph, M.; Peuker, U.; Tolosana Delgado, R.
Abstract
Following the proposal of deriving statistical entropy maps from multidimensional separation curves, an extension is proposed to allow to compare the separation efficiency of various separation processes. This is achieved by integrating the entropy map weighted by the mass distribution of the particles in the feed. This proposal has several advantages: its straightforward extension to multidimensional partition curves, its scalar value (which allows for a natural ranking of processes), its flexibility to adapt to each and every feed, and its non-parametric character. A typical dynamic air classification process of an iron ore is presented as an example.
Keywords: Multidimensional partition curves; Weighted entropy; Particle tracking; Kernel density estimates; Mineral processing
-
Minerals Engineering 150(2020), 106284
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106284
Cited 15 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31079
Generating a tide-like flow in a cylindrical vessel by electromagnetic forcing
Jüstel, P.; Röhrborn, S.; Frick, P.; Galindo, V.; Gundrum, T.; Schindler, F.; Stefani, F.; Stepanov, R.; Vogt, T.
Abstract
We show and compare numerical and experimental results on the electromagnetic generation of a tide-like flow structure in a cylindrical vessel which is filled with the eutectic liquid metal alloy GaInSn. Fields of various strengths and frequencies are applied to drive liquid metal flows. The impact of the field variations on amplitude and structure of the flows are investigated. The results represent the basis for a future Rayleigh-Bénard experiment, in which a modulated tide-like flow perturbation is expected to synchronize the typical sloshing mode of the large-scale circulation. A similar entrainment mechanism for the helicity in the Sun may be responsible for the synchronization of the solar dynamo with the alignment cycle of the tidally dominant planets Venus, Earth and Jupiter.
Keywords: electromagnetic forcing; impinging jets; magnetohydrodynamics; helicity synchronization
Related publications
-
Generating a tide-like flow in a cylindrical vessel by electromagnetic forcing …
ROBIS: 31502 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31078) publication
-
Physics of Fluids 32(2020)9, 097105
DOI: 10.1063/5.0015271
Cited 11 times in Scopus -
Contribution to WWW
arXiv:2006.03491 [physics.flu-dyn]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03491
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31078
Magnetic Effects on Microstructure and Solute Plume Dynamics of Directionally Solidifying Ga-In Alloy
Kao, A.; Shevchenko, N.; He, S.; Lee, P. D.; Eckert, S.; Pericleous, K.
Abstract
The effects of applying a 0.2 T transverse magnetic field to a solidifying Ga-25%wt.In alloy were investigated through a joint experimental and numerical study. The magnetic field introduced significant changes to both the microstructure and the dynamics of escaping high concentration Ga plumes. Plume migration across the interface was quantified and correlated to simulations to demonstrate that Thermoelectric Magnetohydrodynamics (TEMHD) is the underlying mechanism. TEMHD introduced macro segregation within the dendritic structure leading to the formation of a stable ‘chimney’ channel by increasing solutal buoyancy in the flow direction. The resulting pressure difference across the solidification front, introduced a secondary hydrodynamic phenomenon that subsequently causes solute plume migration.
Keywords: Microstructure; Solidification; Magnetic Field; Freckle Defects; X-ray imaging; In situ observations
-
JOM: The Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 72(2020), 3645-3651
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-020-04305-2
Cited 12 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31077
Silicon Surface Passivation by ALD-Ga₂O₃: Thermal vs. Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
Hiller, D.; Julin, J. A.; Chnani, A.; Strehle, S.
Abstract
Silicon surface passivation by gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films deposited by thermal- and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) over a broad temperature range from 75 °C to 350 °C is investigated. In addition, the role of oxidant (O3 or O-plasma) pulse lengths insufficient for saturated ALD-growth is studied. The material properties are analyzed including the quantification of the incorporated hydrogen. We find that oxidant dose pulses insufficient for saturation provide for both ALD methods generally better surface passivation. Furthermore, different Si surface pretreatments are compared (HF-last, chemically grown oxide, and thermal tunnel oxide). In contrast to previous reports, the annealing time to activate the surface passivation is found to be significantly shorter. The best surface saturation current densities (JOs) or surface recombination velocities (Seff) are 6 and 9 fA/cm² or 0.6 and 1.5 cm/s for n- and p-type Si, respectively. We correlate the surface passivation with the negative fixed charge density (Qfix; field-effect passivation) and the interface defect density (Dit; chemical passivation). It turns out that a high Qfix is present, irrespective of the utilized ALD-method, deposition temperature, or postannealing, whereas low Dit is only achieved fo rplasma-enhanced ALD at low temperatures. A critical H-density of∼10¹⁶ cm−2 is identified as a necessary but not sufficient condition for excellent surface passivation. Finally, contact resistivities are measured to investigate the possibility of using ALD-Ga2O3 as passivating contact material. In order to understand the current-voltage measurements, the energetic positions of the band edges and the Fermi level are determined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe.
Keywords: Atomic layer deposition (ALD); gallium oxide(Ga2O3); hydrogen; silicon surface passivation
Involved research facilities
- Ion Beam Center DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159 is cited by this (Id 31076) publication
-
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10(2020)4, 959-968
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.2989201
Cited 6 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31076
The integration of structural mechanics into microstructure solidification modelling
Soar, P.; Kao, A.; Djambazov, G.; Shevchenko, N.; Eckert, S.; Pericleous, K.
Abstract
In situ structural mechanics are an often neglected area when modelling alloy microstructure during solidification, despite the existence of practical examples and studies which seem to indicate that the interaction between thermal or mechanical stresses and microstructure can have a significant impact on its evolution and hence the final properties at a macroscopic level. A bespoke structural mechanics solver using the finite volume method has been developed to solve the linear elasticity equations, with design choices being made to facilitate the coupling of this solver to run in situ with an existing solidification model. The accuracy of the structural mechanics solver is verified against an analytic solution and initial results from a fully coupled system are presented which demonstrate in a fundamental example that the interaction between structural mechanics and a solidifying dendrite can lead to a significant change in growth behaviour.
Keywords: Structural Mechanics; Microstrcture Solidification; Multi-Physics
-
Lecture (Conference)
(Online presentation)
MCWASP XV: Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, 22.-23.06.2020, Jönköping, Sweden -
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 861(2020)1, 012054
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/861/1/012054
Cited 2 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31075
Controlling Freckle Defect Formation with Magnetic Fields During Directional Solidification of GaIn Alloy
Kao, A.; Krastins, I.; Shevchenko, N.; Eckert, S.; Pericleous, K.
Abstract
Segregation of alloying components during solidification leads to stable solute channels, that solidify into defects called freckles. Freckles are caused by buoyancy driving lighter liquid elements, forming a macroscale channel that is fed by inter-dendritic flow. When fully solidified this channel represents a discontinuity in material properties and can lead to the failure of components. The application of a magnetic field, B, adds two physical phenomena to the process: the first is Electromagnetic Damping (EMD) of the liquid metal motion, the second is interstitial flow due to Thermoelectric (TE) Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). TE effects translate temperature variations at the junction of two conductive materials into electric current, in this case between the solid and liquid.
The current, j¸ interacts with the magnetic field producing a Lorentz force F=j×B. Both the orientation and magnitude of the magnetic field determine the direction and strength of EMD and TEMHD effects.
Consider directional solidification of a solutal unstable buoyant alloy, namely Ga-25wt. %In. Both high velocity plumes of solute and the TE currents will be predominantly aligned to the thermal gradient (∇T), while the feeding inter-dendritic flow is primarily perpendicular to ∇T. A magnetic field orientated perpendicular to ∇T introduces EMD effects on the channel and also interacts with TE currents driving TEMHD flow. To capture these phenomena a parallel Cellular Automata Lattice Boltzmann Method that solves for microstructure solidification, fluid dynamics and electromagnetism using 100s millions of computational cells is used to simulate the freckle formation process at the sample scale. The results indicate that the channel formation can be significantly altered, showing the magnetic field as a potential technique for defect mitigation.
Keywords: Microstructure Solidification; Magnetic Field; Freckle Defects
-
Poster
(Online presentation)
MCWASP XV: Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, 22.-23.06.2020, Jönköping, Sweden
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31074
Volt-per-Ångstrom terahertz fields from X-ray free-electron lasers
Tanikawa, T.; Karabekyan, S.; Kovalev, S.; Casalbuoni, S.; Askegar, V.; Bonetti, S.; Wall, S.; Laarmann, T.; Turchinovich, D.; Zalden, P.; Kampfrath, T.; Fisher, A. S.; Stojanovic, N.; Gensch, M.; Geloni, G.
Abstract
The electron linear accelerators driving modern X-ray free-electron lasers can emit intense, tunable, quasi-monochromatic terahertz (THz) transients with peak electric fields of V Å−1 and peak magnetic fields in excess of 10 T when a purpose-built, compact, superconducting THz undulator is implemented. New research avenues such as X-ray movies of THz-driven mode-selective chemistry come into reach by making dual use of the ultra-short GeV electron bunches, possible by a rather minor extension of the infrastructure.
Keywords: superradiant emission; terahertz control; terahertz radiation; ultrafast phenomena; X-ray free-electron laser
-
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27(2020)3, 796-798
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520004245
ISSN: 1600-5775
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31073
In situ observation of directional solidification in Ga-In alloy under a transverse DC magnetic field
He, S.; Shevchenko, N.; Eckert, S.
Abstract
The directional solidification of a Ga-25wt.%In alloy under the effect of a transverse DC magnetic field is investigated by X-ray radiography. The magnetic field pointing parallel to the X-ray beam is generated by two ring-shaped permanent magnets. The magnetic field reaches values up to ~0.19 T in the field of view. The dendritic growth and the flow patterns of Ga-rich plumes migrating along the solidification front are captured and analyzed. It shows that the local fluctuations of solute concentration are partially damped by the magnetic field. At the temperature gradient of 1 K/mm, the growth velocities of solidification front and plumes are not affected. In the case of higher temperature gradient (~2 K/mm), the magnetic field causes an increase of the plume velocity in the horizontal direction and a decrease in the vertical direction while the velocity of the solidification front remains constant. Additionally, it is found that the magnetic field damps the fluctuations of tip velocity and refines the primary arm spacing. Above phenomena are discussed based on the thermoelectric magnetic and electromagnetic braking effects. The in situ experimental data are important for verification and improvement of the existing numerical simulations of solidification under the magnetic field.
Keywords: X-ray radiography; directional solidification; transverse magnetic field; dendritic growth; Ga-rich plumes
-
Poster
(Online presentation)
MCWASP XV: Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, 22.-23.06.2020, Jönköping, Sweden -
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 861(2020)1, 012025
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/861/1/012025
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31072
Evolution of dendritic morphology in a solidifying Ga-In alloy studied by in-situ synchrotron radiography
Shevchenko, N.; Neumann-Heyme, H.; Grenzer, J.; Keplinger, O.; Rack, A.; Eckert, K.; Eckert, S.
Abstract
The local dynamics of dendritic tips and side arms during the growth and coarsening stages are studied by X-ray synchrotron radiography and by numerical simulation. The direct investigation of dendritic side arm evolution appears to be rather complex and impose high requirements with respect to the spatial and temporal resolution and sensitivity of the detector. The synchrotron imaging experiments were performed at the ID19 beamline (ESRF, France) at a spatial resolution of < 1 µm. A flat sample of a Ga-In alloy is solidified from top to down applying a vertical temperature gradient. The present measurements provide real-time in-situ data on three phenomena that are of major importance in dendrite morphology evolution: side arm coarsening, side arm-splitting and dendrite tip evolution. The combination of numerical modeling and synchrotron experiments has allowed to improve the understanding of coarsening of dendritic side arms and to obtain material information that is relevant for quantitative modeling. Another interesting effect can be observed during in situ solidification experiments: a transition from a four-fold symmetry to a hyperbranched dendritic morphology. This morphological transition originating from the splitting of dendrite side arms has been detected.
Keywords: X-ray radiography; synchrotron experiments; side arms; dendrite tip; coarsening
-
Poster
(Online presentation)
MCWASP XV: Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, 22.-23.06.2020, Jönköping, Sweden
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31071
Para-ferroelectric phase transition driven by swift heavy-ion irradiation in KTN crystal
He, S.; Yang, Q.; Li, X.; Liu, H.; Cao, L.; Akhmadaliev, S.; Wang, X.; Ren, Y.; Zhou, S.; Wu, P.
Abstract
We report a novel approach of using swift O5+ ion irradiation to implement para-ferroelectric phase transition in a relaxor ferroelectric KTa0.62Nb0.38O3 (KTN) single crystal. With 15-MeV swift O5+ ion irradiation, a well-defined two-layer structure has been formed in the KTN sample due to the interaction between the O ions and KTN via electronic stopping and the nuclear stopping, respectively. The microstructures in these two layers are characterized by using a micro-Raman (μ-Raman) spectral technique. The significant changes of both spectral intensities and locations in three characteristic Raman peaks suggest that the top layer of the KTN sample due to electronic stopping exists a single-domain-ferroelectric state with a uniform and enhanced polarization orientation along [0 0 1]c direction. More importantly, we observe the irradiated region can effectively confine the light propagation in the ferroelectric layer, which can be further controlled by external fields. The results are promising for designing new integrated photonic devices.
Keywords: Phase transition; Swift heavy ion irradiation; Relaxor ferroeletrics
Involved research facilities
- Ion Beam Center DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159 is cited by this (Id 31070) publication
-
Applied Surface Science 519(2020), 146261
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146261
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 2,8 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31070
Unravelling the Pleistocene glacial history of the Pamir Mountains, Central Asia
Stübner, K.; Bookhagen, B.; Merchel, S.; Lachner, J.; Gadoev, M.
Abstract
Several hundred thousand year old moraines preserved in the semi-arid environment of High Mountain Asia attest to Middle Pleistocene glaciations, but the regional correlation of glacial stages and the spatial extent of the glacial advances remain poorly constrained.We examined glacial landforms and quaternary sediments in the Bartang valley, northwestern Pamir, a region with no previous quantitative glacial chronology. Using cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure ages, we dated glacially polished bedrock, moraines, and mass wasting deposits. Our data show that the northwestern Pamir was heavily glaciated in the Middle Pleistocene (>
220 ky) with large valley glaciers occupying some of the major valleys in the western Pamir. During the penultimate glacial cycle (191-130 ky) these valleys may have been largely ice free. Catastrophic mega debris flows with volumes >
0.05 km3 occurred after the ice retreat and reflect paraglacial destabilization of glacial sediments. The age of the best-dated mega debris flow (81 ± 4 ky) is similar to moraine ages ~70-80 ky documented throughout the Pamir, demonstrating that remobilized sediments may provide valuable age constraints on glacial histories. In order to facilitate regional comparison of glacial chronologies, we developed a Gaussian separation algorithm, which determines a moraine age from a distribution of boulder exposure ages based on the assumption that postdepositional processes prevail over inheritance, and that the oldest boulder ages best represent the timing of moraine formation. We compiled moraine boulder exposure ages from the Pamir and adjacent regions and provide a summary of Middle and early Late Pleistocene glacial cycles of western High-Mountain Asia.
Keywords: AMS; Pamir; glacial history
-
Quaternary Science Reviews 257(2021), 106857
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106857
Cited 8 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31069
Tailoring Magnetic Features in Zigzag-Edged Nanographenes by Controlled Diels–Alder Reactions
Ajayakumar, M.; Fu, Y.; Liu, F.; Komber, H.; Tkachova, V.; Xu, C.; Zhou, S.; Popov, A.; Liu, J.; Feng, X.
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) with tunable electronic and magnetic properties have attracted enormous attention in the realm of carbon-based nanoelectronics. In particular, NGs with biradical character at the ground state are promising building units for molecular spintronics. However, most of the biradicaloids are susceptible to oxidation under ambient conditions and photolytic degradation, which hamper their further applications. Herein, we demonstrated the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of zigzag-edged NGs in order to enhance their stability via the controlled Diels–Alder reactions of peri-tetracene (4-PA). The unstable 4-PA (y0=0.72; half-life, t1/2=3 h) was transformed into the unprecedented benzo-peri-tetracenes (BPTs) by a one-side Diels–Alder reaction, which featured a biradical character at the ground state (y0=0.60) and exhibited remarkable stability under ambient conditions for several months. In addition, the fully zigzag-edged circumanthracenes (CAs) were achieved by two-fold or stepwise Diels–Alder reactions of 4-PA, in which the magnetic properties could be controlled by employing the corresponding dienophiles. Our work reported herein opens avenues for the synthesis of novel zigzag-edged NGs with tailor-made magnetic properties.
Related publications
-
Tailoring Magnetic Features in Zigzag-Edged Nanographenes by Controlled …
ROBIS: 31366 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31068) publication
-
Chemistry - A European Journal 26(2020), 7497-7503
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001130
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31068
Separation of aluminium and iron from lanthanum - a comparative study of solvent extraction and hydrolysis-precipitation
Balinski, A.; Kelly, N.; Helbig, T.; Meskers, C. E. M.; Reuter, M.
Abstract
This study investigates the removal of aluminium and iron from REE containing solutions by solvent extraction with saponified naphthenic acid and by hydrolysis-precipitation. The results emphasize both, the preferential application as well as limitations of every method. We find that emulsification occurring during solvent extraction of aluminium is caused by its slow extraction rate in comparison to the neutralization reaction and by the proximity of the pH value required for aluminium extraction and the pH value at which hydrolysis of aluminium occurs. However, by choosing long shaking time of at least 4 h the emulsion recedes. The formation of emulsion can be avoided by strict control of pH value during the extraction. Moreover, the loading capacity of the organic phase with aluminium is limited due to the strong increase in viscosity of the organic phase with increasing aluminium concentration and due to the gel formation. Regarding the extraction of iron, the amount of extracted ions is limited due to the overlap of the pH range required for the extraction with pH range in which sparingly soluble iron oxides/hydroxides are formed. In summary, aluminium and iron can be simultaneously removed from REE containing solution by solvent extraction with saponified naphthenic acid in one extraction stage only from diluted solutions. However, in comparison to the hydrolysis-precipitation method a higher purity of the solution is achieved. A complete removal of aluminium and iron from concentrated solutions can be achieved in two stages. First, the content of aluminium and iron should be reduced by hydrolysis-precipitation. After that, a high-purity solution can be obtained by subsequent solvent extraction by saponified naphthenic acid.
Keywords: rare earth elements; aluminium; iron; impurity removal; solvent extraction; naphthenic acid; saponification; hydrolysis-precipitation
-
Minerals 10(2020)6, 556
DOI: 10.3390/min10060556
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31067
openTIV
Ziegenhein, T.; Heßenkemper, H.; Lucas, D.
Abstract
openTIV is a computer vision library mainly developed to evaluate pictures taken from multiphase flows. Specifically, the application of identifying phase interfaces and tracking particles (PTV and PIV) was intended by the authors. Besides that, post-processing libraries to calculate, for example, the standard dimensionless numbers (Reynolds, Morton, Eoetvoes (Bond), etc.) and void fraction profiles are provided as well. All libraries are based on the standard mathematical and physical library, which consists of essential solvers and mathematical structures, inside the package. The library includes the tools to help develop new methods for evaluating images from multiphase flows. It is not intended to provide a complete package of image processing methods, as can be found in the OpenCV package (which can be used with the openTIV libraries).
Keywords: Computer Vision; Multiphase Flow; PIV; PTV; Boundary Tracking; Image Processing
-
Software in external data repository
Publication year 2020
Programming language: Java
System requirements: Java8
License: Apache License 2.0 (Link to license text)
Hosted on GitHub: Link to location
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3843488
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31066
Structural Evolution of Ag-LEV Zeolite upon Heating: an in situ Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD) and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) Study
Cametti, G.; Scheinost, A.; Churakov, S. V.
Abstract
Ag-modified zeolites are of great interest because of their improved catalytic, photocatalytic, sorption, and antibacterial properties []. To properly tune these properties, a deeper understanding of several structural factors is necessary. In particular, the following aspects have been proved to play a key role[]: i) the position of silver atoms with respect to the tetrahedral framework, ii) the possible formation of Ag-clusters within the zeolitic pores, and iii) the structural changes occurring upon dehydration, since most of these materials are employed after thermal treatment.
Keywords: zeolite; silver; XAFS; XRD; atomistic simulations; DFT
Involved research facilities
- Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520014265
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520014265 is cited by this (Id 31065) publication
-
ACS Omega 5(2020), 31774-3178
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04455
Cited 4 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31065
Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) combined with Immunotherapy (L19-IL2) in stage IV NSCLC patients, ImmunoSABR: a multicentre, randomised controlled open-label phase II trial
Lieverse, R.; Van, L. E.; Oberije, C.; Troost, E. G. C.; Hadrup, S.; Dingemans, A.; Hendriks, L.; Eckert, F.; Hiley, C.; Dooms, C.; Lievens, Y.; De, J. M.; Hendriks, L.; Bussink, J.; Geets, X.; Valentini, V.; Elia, G.; Nerio, D.; Billiet, C.; Abdollahi, A.; Pasquier, D.; Boisselier, P.; Yaromina, A.; De, R. D.; Dubois, L.; Lambin, P.
Abstract
About 50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have metastatic disease at initial diagnosis, which limits their treatment options and, consequently, the 5-year survival rate (15%). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, have become standard of care (SOC) for most good performance status patients. However, most patients will not obtain long-term benefit, and new treatment strategies are therefore still needed. We previously demonstrated clinical safety of the tumour-selective immunocytokine L19-IL2, consisting of the anti-EDB scFv L19 antibody coupled to IL2, combined with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Within this phase II ImmunoSABR trial, the combination of SABR with or without ICI and the immunocytokine L19-IL2 will be tested as 1st, 2nd or 3rd line treatment in stage IV NSCLC patients. This bi-modal and triple treatment approach is based on the direct cytotoxic effect of radiotherapy, the tumour selective immunocytokine L19-IL2, the abscopal effect observed distant from the irradiated metastatic site(s), and the memory effect.
This investigator initiated, multicentric, randomised controlled open-label phase II clinical trial (NCT03705403) will test the hypothesis that the combination of SABR and L19-IL2 increases the progression free survival (PFS) in patients with limited metastatic NSCLC. Patients will be stratified according to their metastatic load (oligo-metastatic: up to 5, or poly-metastatic: 6 to 10 metastases). Patients will be randomised by minimisation to the experimental (E-arm) or the control arm (C-arm). The C-arm will receive SOC, according to the local protocol. E-arm oligo-metastatic patients will receive SABR to all lesions followed by L19-IL2 therapy; radiotherapy for poly-metastatic patients consists of irradiation of at least one (symptomatic) to a maximum of 5 lesions (including ICI in both arms if this is the SOC). ImmunoSABR consists of 14 participating centres located in 6 countries. The accrual period will be 2.5 years, starting after the first centre is initiated and active. Primary endpoint is PFS at 1.5 years based on blinded radiological review, and secondary endpoints are overall survival, toxicity, quality of life and abscopal response. Associative biomarker studies, blood and tumour cell immune monitoring, CT-based radiomics, stool collection, iRECIST, and tumour growth rate will be performed. The first results are expected end 2023.
Keywords: Immunotherapy; L19-IL2; anti-PDL1; anti-PD1; radiotherapy; SABR; phase 2; NSCLC; stage IV; multicentre
- BMC Cancer 20(2020), 557
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31064
National societies' needs as assessed by the ESTRO National Society Committee survey: a European perspective
Garibaldi, C.; Jornet, N.; Tan, L.; Bojen, A.; Franco, P.; Bussink, J.; Troost, E. G. C.; Bak, B.; Bibault, J.; Dzhugashvili, M.; Van, D. B. L.; Fizaine, L.; Leci, A.; Ricardi, U.; Jereczek-Fossa, B.
Abstract
Purpose: to determine how ESTRO can collaborate with Radiation Oncology National Societies (NS) according to its mission and values, and to define the new roadmap to strengthen the NS network role in the forthcoming years.
Materials and methods: the ESTRO NS committee launched a survey addressed to all European National Societies, available online from June 5th to October 30th 2018. Questions were divided into three main sections: 1. general information about NS; 2. relevant activities (to understand the landscape of each NS context of action); 3. relevant needs (to understand how ESTRO can support the NS). Eighty-nine European NS were invited to participate. Respondents were asked to rank ESTRO milestones in order of importance, indicating the level of priority to their society.
Results: a total of 64 out of 89 NS (72%) from 32 European countries completed the questionnaire. The majority of NS ranked “Optimal patient care to cure cancer and to reduce treatment-related toxicity” as the highest level of priority. This aligns well with the ESTRO vision 2030 “Optimal health for all together.” NS also indicated a high need for more consensus guidelines and exchange of best practices, access to high quality accredited education, implementation of the ESTRO School Core Curriculum at the national level, and defining quality indicators and standard in Radiation Oncology, improved communication and increased channelling of information.
Conclusion: The results of this survey will be used to strengthen the relations between ESTRO and European NS to promote and develop initiatives to improve cancer care.
-
Radiotherapy and Oncology 151(2020), 176-181
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.08.001
Cited 4 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31063
Molecular imaging of monocarboxylate transporters with PET – development and biological evaluation of novel 2-fluoropyridinyl analogs of FACH
Sadeghzadeh, M.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Wenzel, B.; Gündel, D.; Toussaint, M.; Moldovan, R.-P.; Fischer, S.; Ludwig, F.-A.; Teodoro, R.; Jonnalagadda, S.; Jonnalagadda, S. K.; Mereddy, V. R.; Drewes, L. R.; Brust, P.
Abstract
Introduction
Monocarboxylate transporters 1-4 (MCT1-4) are involved in several metabolism-related diseases, especially cancer, providing the chance to be considered as relevant targets for diagnosis and therapy. Recently, we reported on [18F]FACH as a novel MCT-targeting imaging agent (1), whose limited blood-brain barrier permeability, however, excludes application in brain diseases. Accordingly, we aimed to develop a more lipophilic FACH-derived radiotracer possessing higher brain uptake.
Materials and Methods
Two 2-fluoropyridinyl-substituted analogs of FACH (1 and 2) were obtained by Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reaction.
The potency of 1 and 2 to inhibit MCT1 was measured by [14C]lactate uptake assay using rat brain endothelial-4 cells. Radiolabeling of [18F]1 was proceeded using 1 mg nitro precursor and [18F]fluoride in the presence of Kryptofix and K2CO3 in dimethyl sulfoxide at 130 °C within 15 min. The logD7.4 value of [18F]1 was experimentally determined in the n-octanol-PBS system. For biological evaluation of [18F]1, in vitro autoradiography on cryosections of mouse kidney and small animal PET-MRI studies in female CD-1 mice were performed. Target specificity was proven by using the sodium salt of the MCT inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CCA-Na).
Results
The analogs 1 and 2 inhibited MCT1 with IC50 values of 118 and 274 nM, respectively. [18F]1 was obtained by radiofluorination of the nitro precursor via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with radiochemical yields of 73 ± 12% (n = 4, non-isolated, radio-HPLC), a high radiochemical purity of ˃ 98% and molar activities in the range of 180-200 GBq/µmol (n = 3, end of synthesis) using starting activities of 2-3 GBq. The logD7.4 value of 0.82 achieved for [18F]1 indicated 2-fold higher lipophilicity in comparison to [18F]FACH (2). In vivo and in vitro studies revealed high uptake of the new radiotracer in kidney and other peripheral MCT-expressing organs together with significant reduction by using α-CCA-Na (10 µM). The brain uptake of [18F]1 was similar to [18F]FACH without significant washout and an almost unchanged SUV of 0.15 between 15 and 60 min p.i.
Conclusion
Despite a higher lipophilicity of [18F]1 compared to [18F]FACH, the brain uptake of [18F]1 was in a similar low range, revealing the need for further structural modification. However, a high and specific uptake of the new radiotracer in the kidneys suggests suitability of [18F]1 for investigations on the expression of MCT in vivo.
References
(1) Sadeghzadeh M, et al. J Label Compd Radiopharm.2019; 62: 411-424.
(2) Sadeghzadeh M, et al. Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 18890-18897.
-
Contribution to proceedings
33rd Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM-2020), 17.-21.10.2020, Vienna, Austria
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 47(2020), S11-S12
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31062
OpenFOAM activities at HZDR
Abstract
Introcution into the OpenFOAM activties at HZDR
-
Lecture (Conference)
German CFD Network of Competence, 10.-11.03.2020, München, Deutschland
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31061
Identification of Dy³⁺ /Dy²⁺ as electron trap in persistent phosphors
Joos, J. J.; Korthout, K.; Amidani, L.; Glatzel, P.; Poelman, D.; Smet, P. F.
Abstract
A long-standing issue in persistent luminescence is settled by providing direct evidence that Dy³⁺ is the main electron trap in Sr₄Al₁₄O₂₅:Eu,Dy by combining laser excitation with X-ray spectroscopy. A reversible electron transfer is demonstrated, controlled by light and showing the same kinetics as the persistent luminescence. Exposure to violet light induces charging by oxidation of the excited Eu²⁺ while Dy³⁺ is simultaneously reduced. Oppositely, detrapping of Dy²⁺ occurs at ambient temperature or by infrared illumination, yielding afterglow or optically stimulated luminescence, respectively.
-
Physical Review Letters 125(2020), 033001
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.033001
Cited 78 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 5,1 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31060
Visualization of Liquid Reaction in Submerged Top-blow Agitation Process
Zhang, X.; Wu, J.; Zhang, H.; Ding, W.; Zhang, J.
Abstract
The liquid reaction in a submerged top-blow agitation process was studied using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology based on the principle of fluorescence quenching. The liquid reaction effects were analyzed using the reaction degree θ(t) and reaction time t95 under different conditions. The results show that the liquid reaction time decreases obviously for an increase in the air flow rate and submerged depth of the spray gun. The injection position of Fe3+ has a great influence on the reaction process; the reaction process is also different under other blowing conditions when Fe3+ is injected at the bottom. The reaction time of Fe3+ at the bottom injection position is higher than that at the top injection position; increasing the air flow rate and submerged depth of the spray gun can effectively reduce the difference in the reaction times at the two injection points. The effect of the injection position on the reaction time is eliminated when the spray gun submerged depth is close to the reactor bottom. The initial volume of Fe3+ has no obvious effect on the reaction time; however, an increase in the initial molarity of Fe3+ can decrease the reaction time.
Keywords: Fluorescence quenching reaction; Liquid reaction process; Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Reaction degree; Submerged top blow
-
Fuel Cells 21(2021)1, 18-23
DOI: 10.1002/fuce.202000016
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 1,6 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31059
Nonlocal stimulation of three-magnon splitting in a magnetic vortex
Körber, L.; Schultheiß, K.; Hula, T.; Verba, R.; Faßbender, J.; Kakay, A.; Schultheiß, H.
Abstract
We present a combined numerical, theoretical and experimental study on stimulated three-magnon splitting in a magnetic disk in the vortex equilibrium state. Our micromagnetic simulations and Brillouin-light-scattering results confirm that three-magnon splitting can be triggered even below threshold by exciting one of the secondary modes by magnons propagating in a waveguide next to the disk. The experiments show that stimulation is possible over an extended range of excitation powers and a wide range of frequencies around the eigenfrequencies of the secondary modes. Rate-equation calculations predict an instantaneous response to stimulation and the possibility to prematurely trigger three-magnon splitting even above threshold in a sustainable manner. These predictions are confirmed experimentally using time-resolved Brillouin-light-scattering measurements and are in a good qualitative agreement with the theoretical results. We believe that the controllable mechanism of stimulated three-magnon splitting could provide a possibility to utilize magnon-based nonlinear networks as hardware for reservoir or neuromorphic computing.
Keywords: spin wave; nonlinear; three-magnon splitting; stimulation; micromagnetic simulation; BLS
Related publications
-
Nonlocal stimulation of three-magnon splitting in a magnetic vortex
ROBIS: 31137 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31058) publication
-
Physical Review Letters 125(2020)20, 207203
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.207203
Cited 26 times in Scopus -
Lecture (Conference)
(Online presentation)
MMM 2020 Virtual Conference, 02.-06.11.2020, online, online
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 749 kB Secondary publication
- Open Access Version from arxiv.org
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31058
Metabolomics, machine learning and immunohistochemistry to predict succinate dehydrogenase mutational status in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Wallace, P. W.; Conrad, C.; Brückmann, S.; Pang, Y.; Caleiras, E.; Murakami, M.; Korpershoek, E.; Zhuang, Z.; Rapizzi, E.; Kroiss, M.; Gudziol, V.; Timmers, H. J. L. M.; Mannelli, M.; Pietzsch, J.; Beuschlein, F.; Pacak, K.; Robledo, M.; Klink, B.; Peitzsch, M.; Gill, A. J.; Tischler, A. S.; de Krijger, R. R.; Papathomas, T.; Aust, D.; Eisenhofer, G.; Richter, S.
Abstract
Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours with a hereditary background in over one third of patients. Mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes increase the risk for PPGLs and several other tumours. Mutations in subunit B (SDHB) in particular are a risk factor for metastatic disease, further highlighting the importance of identifying SDH mutations for patient management. Genetic variants of unknown significance, where implications for the patient and family members are unclear, are a problem for interpretation. For such cases, reliable methods for evaluating protein functionality are required. Immunohistochemistry for SDHB (SDHB-IHC) is the method of choice, but does not assess functionality at the enzymatic level. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based measurements of metabolite precursors and products of enzymatic reactions provides an alternative method. Here, we compare SDHB-IHC with metabolite profiling in 189 tumours from 187 PPGL patients. Besides evaluating succinate:fumarate ratios (SFR), machine learning algorithms were developed to establish predictive models for interpreting metabolite data. Metabolite profiling showed higher diagnostic specificity compared to SDHB-IHC (99.2% vs 92.5%, p=0.021), whereas sensitivity was comparable. Application of machine learning algorithms to metabolite profiles improved predictive ability over that of the SFR, in particular for hard-to-interpret cases of head and neck paragangliomas (AUC 0.9821 vs. 0.9613, p=0.044). Importantly, the combination of metabolite profiling with SDHB-IHC has complementary utility, as SDHB-IHC correctly classified all but one of the false-negatives from metabolite profiling strategies while metabolite profiling correctly classified all but one of the false-negatives/positives from SDHB-IHC. From 186 tumours with confirmed status of SDHx variant pathogenicity, the combination of the two methods resulted in 185 correct predictions, highlighting the benefits of both strategies for patient management.
Keywords: mass spectrometry; succinate to fumarate ratio; multi-observer; Krebs cycle metabolites; linear discriminant analysis; LC-MS/MS; diagnostics; variants of unknown significance; metabolite profiling; prediction models
-
The Journal of Pathology 251(2020), 378-387
DOI: 10.1002/path.5472
ISSN: 1096-9896
Cited 28 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31057
Deuteration versus ethylation – strategies to improve the metabolic fate of a 18F-labeled celecoxib derivative
Laube, M.; Gassner, C.; Neuber, C.; Wodtke, R.; Ullrich, M.; Haase-Kohn, C.; Löser, R.; Köckerling, M.; Kopka, K.; Knieß, T.; Hey-Hawkins, E.; Pietzsch, J.
Abstract
The inducible isoenzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is closely associated with chemo-/radioresistance and poor prognosis of solid tumors. Therefore, COX-2 represents an attractive target for functional characterization of tumors by positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, the celecoxib derivative 3-([18F]fluoromethyl)-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole ([18F]5a) was chosen as a lead compound having a reported high COX-2 inhibitory potency and a potentially low carbonic anhydrase binding tendency. The respective deuterated analog [D2,18F]5a and the fluoroethyl-substituted derivative [18F]5b were selected to study the influence of these modifications with respect to COX inhibition potency in vitro and metabolic stability of the radiolabeled tracers in vivo. COX-2 inhibitory potency was found to be influenced by elongation of the side chain but, as expected, not by deuteration. An automated radiosynthesis comprising 18F-fluorination and purification under comparable conditions provided the radiotracers [18F]5a,b and [D2,18F]5a in good radiochemical yields (RCY) and high radiochemical purity (RCP). Biodistribution and PET studies comparing all three compounds revealed bone accumulation of 18F-activity to be lowest for the ethyl derivative [18F]5b. However, the deuterated analog [D2,18F]5a turned out to be the most stable compound of the three derivatives studied here. Time-dependent degradation of [18F]5a,b and [D2,18F]5a after incubation in murine liver microsomes was in accordance with the data on metabolism in vivo. Furthermore, metabolites were identified based on UPLC-MS/MS.
Keywords: Deuteration; fluorine-18; metabolism; murine liver microsomes; positron emission tomography; radiometabolite; radiotracer; selective COX-2 inhibitors (Coxibs); side chain elongation
-
RSC Advances 10(2020), 38601-38611
DOI: 10.1039/D0RA04494F
Cited 6 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31056
Figure and data from 'Surface Modification of Silicon Nanowire Based Field Effect Transistors with Stimuli Responsive Polymer Brushes for Biosensing Applications'
Baraban, L.; Klinghammer, S.; Rauch, S.; Uhlmann, P.; Pregl, S.; Cuniberti, G.
Abstract
Figure compilations with the access to the origin files of the graphs. Created by Stephanie Klinghammer and Larysa Baraban: fabrication of SiNQ, measurements)
Keywords: polymer brushes functionalization; iv curves
Related publications
- DOI: 10.3390/mi11030274 references this (Id 31055) publication
-
Surface Modification of Silicon Nanowire Based Field Effect Transistors with …
ROBIS: 30945 has used this (Id 31055) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-20 Closed access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.339
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.340
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31055
Tales from the Trenches: Developing sciview, a new 3D viewer for the ImageJ community
Günther, U.; Harrington, K. I. S.
Abstract
ImageJ/Fiji is a widely-used tool in the biomedical community for performing everyday image analysis tasks. However, its 3D viewer component (aptly named 3D Viewer) has become dated and is no longer actively maintained. We set out to create an alternative tool that not only brings modern concepts and APIs from computer graphics to ImageJ, but is designed to be robust to long-term, open-source development. To achieve this we divided the visualization logic into two parts: the rendering framework, scenery, and the user-facing application, sciview. In this paper we describe the development process and design decisions made, putting an emphasis on sustainable development, community building, and software engineering best practises. We highlight the motivation for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) as a target platform for visualisation applications. We conclude by discussing the remaining milestones and strategy for long-term sustainability.
Keywords: Software development techniques; rendering; graphics
-
Contribution to proceedings
VisGap workshop at Eurographics/EuroVis 2020, 25.05.2020, Norrköping, Sweden: Wiley
DOI: 10.2312/visgap.20201112
Cited 1 times in Scopus -
Contribution to WWW
arXiv preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11897
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31054
Particle dataset for constructing mineral processing case studies
Pereira, L.; Frenzel, M.; Khodadadzadeh, M.; Tolosana Delgado, R.; Gutzmer, J.
Abstract
This file contains a train and a test datasets that can be used to construct fictional mineral processing studies, on a particle level, using known equations for different separation techniques. This data was collected with a mineral liberation analyzer at the Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology. The probabilities, and classes present together with the data are part of a publication in the journal of cleaner production. These could be simply removed in order to construct new cases.
Keywords: particle-tracking; geometallurgy; mineral processing modelling; flotation; automated mineralogy; resource efficiency
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123711 references this (Id 31053) publication
-
A self-adaptive particle-tracking methodology for minerals processing
ROBIS: 30727 has used this (Id 31053) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-19 Open access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.335
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.336
License: CC-BY-4.0
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31053
Charged pion production in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.4 GeV
Adamczewski-Musch, J.; Arnold, O.; Behnke, C.; Belounnas, A.; Belyaev, A.; Berger-Chen, J. C.; Biernat, J.; Blanco, A.; Blume, C.; Boehmer, M.; Bordalo, P.; Chernenko, S.; Chlad, L.; Ciepal, I.; Deveaux, C.; Dreyer, J.; Dybczak, A.; Epple, E.; Fabbietti, L.; Fateev, O.; Filip, P.; Fonte, P.; Franco, C.; Friese, J.; Froehlich, I.; Galatyuk, T.; Garzon, J. A.; Gernhaeuser, R.; Glaessel, S.; Golubeva, M.; Greifenhagen, R.; Guber, F.; Gumberidze, M.; Harabasz, S.; Heinz, T.; Hennino, T.; Hlavac, S.; Höhne, C.; Holzmann, R.; Ierusalimov, A.; Ivashkin, A.; Kämpfer, B.; Karavicheva, T.; Kardan, B.; Koenig, I.; Koenig, W.; Kohls, M.; Kolb, B. W.; Korcyl, G.; Kornakov, G.; Kornas, F.; Kotte, R.; Kugler, A.; Kunz, T.; Kurepin, A.; Kurilkin, A.; Kurilkin, P.; Ladygin, V.; Lalik, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lebedev, A.; Lopes, L.; Lorenz, M.; Mahmoud, T.; Maier, L.; Malige, A.; Mangiarotti, A.; Markert, J.; Matulewicz, T.; Maurus, S.; Metag, V.; Michel, J.; Mihaylov, D. M.; Morozov, S.; Muentz, C.; Muenzer, R.; Naumann, L.; Nowakowski, K.; Palka, M.; Parpottas, Y.; Pechenov, V.; Pechenova, O.; Petukhov, O.; Piasecki, K.; Pietraszko, J.; Przygoda, W.; Pysz, K.; Ramos, S.; Ramstein, B.; Reshetin, A.; Rodriguez-Ramos, P.; Rathod, N.; Rosier, P.; Rost, A.; Rustamov, A.; Sadovsky, A.; Salabura, P.; Scheib, T.; Schuldes, H.; Schwab, E.; Scozzi, F.; Seck, F.; Sellheim, P.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Siebenson, J.; Silva, L.; Singh, U.; Smyrski, J.; Sobolev, Y. G.; Spataro, S.; Spies, S.; Stroebele, H.; Stroth, J.; Strzempek, P.; Sturm, C.; Svoboda, O.; Szala, M.; Tlusty, P.; Traxler, M.; Tsertos, H.; Usenko, E.; Wagner, V.; Wendisch, C.; Wiebusch, M. G.; Wirth, J.; Wojcik, D.; Zanevsky, Y.; Zumbruch, P.
Abstract
We present high-statistic data on charged pion emission from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.4 GeV (corresponding to E_beam = 1.23 A GeV) in four centrality classes in the range 0 - 40% of the most central collisions. The data are analyzed as a function of transverse momentum, transverse mass, rapidity, and polar angle. Pion multiplicity per participating nucleon decreases moderately with increasing centrality. The polar angular distributions are found to be non-isotropic even for the most central event class. Our results on pion multiplicity fit well into the general trend of the world data, but undershoot by 2.5σ data from the FOPI experiment measured at slightly lower beam energy. We compare our data to state-of-the-art transport model calculations (PHSD, IQMD, PHQMD, GiBUU and SMASH) and find substantial differences between the measurement and the results of these calculations.
-
Contribution to WWW
https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08774 -
European Physical Journal A 56(2020), 259
DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00237-2
Cited 22 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31052
Nonlinear losses in magnon transport due to four-magnon scattering
Hula, T.; Schultheiß, K.; Buzdakov, A.; Körber, L.; Bejarano, M.; Flacke, L.; Liensberger, L.; Weiler, M.; Shaw, J. M.; Nembach, H. T.; Faßbender, J.; Schultheiß, H.
Abstract
We report on the impact of nonlinear four-magnon scattering on magnon transport in microstructured waveguides with low magnetic damping. Using microfocused Brillouin light scattering, we analyze magnon propagation lengths in a broad range of excitation powers and observe a decrease of the attenuation length at high powers, which is consistent with the onset of nonlinear four-magnon scattering. Hence, when measuring magnon propagation lengths and deriving damping parameters from those results, one needs to be careful to stay in the linear regime. Otherwise, the intrinsic nonlinearity of magnetization dynamics may lead to a misinterpretation of magnon propagation lengths and, thus, to wrong values of the magnetic damping of the system.
Related publications
-
Data for: Nonlinear losses in magnon transport due to four-magnon scattering
ROBIS: 31718 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31050) publication
-
Applied Physics Letters 117(2020)4, 042404
DOI: 10.1063/5.0015269
Cited 15 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 1,9 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31050
Classification of the source of treatment deviation in proton therapy using prompt-gamma imaging information
Khamfongkhruea, C.; Berthold, J.; Janssens, G.; Petzoldt, J.; Smeets, J.; Pausch, G.; Richter, C.
Abstract
Purpose: Prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) based range verification has been successfully implemented in clinical proton therapy recently and its sensitivity to detect treatment deviations is currently investigated. The cause of treatment deviations can be multiple - e.g. CT-based range prediction, patient setup, and anatomical changes. Hence, it would be beneficial, if PGI-based verification would not only detect a treatment deviation but would also be able to directly identify its most probable source. Here, we propose a heuristically derived decision tree approach to automatically classify the sources of range deviation in proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS) treatments of head and neck tumors based on range information obtained with a PGI slit camera.
Materials and Methods: The decision tree model was iteratively generated on a training dataset of different anatomical complexities, for an anthropomorphic head phantom and patient CT data (planning and control CTs) from 5 patients. Different range prediction errors, setup changes and relevant and non-relevant anatomical changes were introduced or derived from control CTs, summing up to a total of 98 training scenarios. Independent validation was performed for another 98 scenarios, derived solely from patient CT data of another 7 patients. PBS head and neck treatment plans were generated for the nominal scenario. For all PBS spots in the investigated field, PGI profiles were simulated using a dedicated analytical model of the slit camera for the nominal as well as the different error scenarios. From comparison of PGI profiles for nominal and error scenarios, a spot-wise range shift was determined for each error scenario. The heuristic approach includes a pre-filtering of the most suitable PBS spots for PGI treatment verification. From the validation, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the model were determined.
Results: A five-step consecutive filter was developed to pre-select PBS spots. On average, 31% of spots (1044 spots) remained as input for the classification model. The derived heuristic decision tree model is based on five parameters: The coefficient of determination (R2), the slope and intercept of the linear regression between PGI-derived range shifts and the respectively predicted proton ranges for the investigated PBS spots, as well as the average and standard deviation of the PGI-derived shifts. With this approach, 94 of 98 error scenarios could be classified correctly in validation (accuracy of 96%). A sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 86% was reached.
Conclusions: In this simulation study it was demontrated that the source of a treatment deviation can be identified from simulated PGI information in head and neck tumor treatments with high sensitivity and specificity. The application, refinement and evaluation of the approach on measured PGI data will be the next step to show the clinical feasibility of PGI-based error source classification.
-
Medical Physics 47(2020)10, 5102-5111
DOI: 10.1002/mp.14393
Cited 4 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31049
Longitudinal relation between blood pressure, antihypertensive use and cerebral blood flow, using arterial spin labelling MRI
Dalen, J. W. V.; Mutsaerts, H. J.; Petr, J.; Caan, M. W.; Moll Van Charante, E. P.; Macintosh, B. J.; Gool, W. A. V.; Nederveen, A. J.; Richard, E.
Abstract
Consistent cerebral blood flow (CBF) is fundamental to brain function. Cerebral autoregulation ensures CBF stability. Chronic hypertension can lead to disrupted cerebral autoregulation in older people, potentially leading to blood pressure levels interfering with CBF. We investigated the associations of CBF with blood pressure and antihypertensive treatment, using arterial spin labelling MRI, in a prospective longitudinal cohort of 186 community-dwelling older individuals (77±3 years, 53% female) with hypertension, 125 (67%) of whom with 3-year follow-up. We assessed concurrent and longitudinal associations of diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and antihypertensive drug use, with grey matter and white matter CBF (mL/100g/min), and the CBF spatial coefficient of variation (SCoV): a measure of CBF heterogeneity which may be more sensitive to cerebrovascular damage. We found no associations between blood pressure and concurrent CBF, nor between changes in blood pressure and CBF over 3-year follow-up. Antihypertensive use was associated with lower CBF and higher SCoV. Within antihypertensive types, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers were not associated with lower CBF. This aligns with previous evidence suggesting a protective effect of these antihypertensive classes on dementia, and may provide an important lead for future research.
Involved research facilities
- PET-Center
-
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 41(2021)7, 1756-1766
Online First (2020) DOI: 10.1177/0271678X20966975
Cited 14 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31048
A radiopharmacologist's and radiochemist's view on targeting the Eph/ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase system
Neuber, C.; Belter, B.; Mamat, C.; Pietzsch, J.
Abstract
In the last decade, there have been extensive efforts to open up the Eph/ephrin subfamily of the receptor tyrosine kinase family for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Besides classical pharmaceutical developments, which focus either on drugs targeting the extracellular ligand binding domains or the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains of these receptors, there also have been first radiopharmaceutical approaches. Here the focus is on the development of specific and selective probes for molecular imaging, particularly, by means of positron emission tomography, and the functional characterization of the Eph/ephrin subfamily in certain target tissues. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize the different approaches towards Eph-targeting radiotracers by using antibodies, peptides, and small molecules, and to discuss their radiopharmacological characterization. With regard to the small molecules, further considerations will focus on the design and synthesis of non-radioactive reference compounds and precursors as well as on radiolabeling strategies.
Keywords: Antibodies; cancer theranostics; extracellular ligand; fluorine-18; peptides; positron emission tomography; radiotracer; receptor tyrosine kinases; tyrosine kinase inhibitors; small molecule
-
ACS Omega 5(2020)27, 16318-16331
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01058
Cited 5 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31047
Anisotropic exclusion effect between photocatalytic Ag/AgCl Janus particles and passive beads in a dense colloidal matrix
Huang, T.; Gobeil, S.; Wang, X.; Misko, V.; Nori, F.; de Malsche, W.; Faßbender, J.; Makarov, D.; Cuniberti, G.; Baraban, L.
Abstract
Synthetic nano- and micromotors interact with each other and their surroundings in a complex manner. Here, we report on the anisotropy of active-passive particle interaction in a soft matter system containing an immobile yet photochemical Ag/AgCl-based Janus particle embedded in a dense matrix of passive beads in pure water. The asymmetry in the chemical gradient around the Janus particle, triggered upon visible light illumination, distorts the isotropy of the surrounding electric potential and results in the repulsion of adjacent passive beads to a certain distance away from the Janus particle. This exclusion effect is found to be anisotropic with larger distances to passive beads in front of the Ag/AgCl cap of the Janus particle. We provide insight into this phenomenon by performing the angular analysis of the radii of exclusion and tracking their time evolution at the level of a single bead. Our study provides a novel fundamental insight into the collective behavior of a complex mixture of active and passive particles and is relevant for various application scenarios, e.g., particle transport at micro- and nanoscale and local chemical sensing.
Keywords: photocatalytic reaction; micro and nanomotors; visible light; active Janus particles; spherical colloidal particles; exclusion phenomena
Involved research facilities
- Ion Beam Center DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159 is cited by this (Id 31046) publication
- DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00012 references this (Id 31046) publication
-
Anisotropic exclusion effect between photocatalytic Ag/AgCl Janus particles …
ROBIS: 30943 has used this (Id 31046) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-18 Open access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.329
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.330
License: CC-BY-4.0
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31046
Annual Report 2019 - Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research
Faßbender, J.; Helm, M.; Zahn, P.
Abstract
The Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research conducts materials research for future applications in, e.g., information technology. To this end, we make use of the various possibilities offered by our Ion Beam Center (IBC) for synthesis, modification, and analysis of thin films and nanostructures, as well as of the free-electron laser FELBE at HZDR for THz spectroscopy. The analyzed materials range from semiconductors and oxides to metals and magnetic materials. They are investigated with the goal to optimize their electronic, magnetic, optical as well as structural functionality. This research is embedded in the Helmholtz Association’s programme “From Matter to Materials and Life”. Seven publications from last year are highlighted in this Annual Report to illustrate the wide scientific spectrum of our institute.
After the scientific evaluation in the framework of the Helmholtz Programme-Oriented Funding (POF) in 2018 we had some time to concentrate on science again before end of the year a few of us again had to prepare for the strategic evaluation which took place in January 2020, which finally was also successful for the Institute.
In 2019, there have been a number of organizational changes. First, and most prominently, we were able to hire Prof. Dr. Anton Wallner as new head of our department Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Isotope Research. This appointment is jointly with the TU Dresden where Toni has recei¬ved a chair in the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics. Along with this employment, our scientific advisory board and board of trustees approved the acquisition of a dedicated 1 MV accele¬rator for AMS including a laser detachment system. With this move, we hope to widen the scope of the user facility Ion Beam Center to new user communities in the field of nuclear astrophysics, environmental and geosciences. Second, the department Ion Beam Center is now headed by Dr. Stefan Facsko, who took over the responsibility from Dr. Johannes von Borany who stepped down for partial retirement. Stefan has been working in the Ion Beam Center since 2003 in various functions and is one of our most established researchers. We wish him all the best for this responsible position. Third, after the successful evaluation of Dr. Denys Makarov we created a new department Intelligent Materials and Devices, which is now headed by Denys. For his outstanding work in the field of mag¬netic sensor technology he also received the HZDR Research Award 2019. In the same ceremony, Dr. Jacob König-Otto received the HZDR Doctoral Prize 2019 for his dissertation at our Institute. Fourth, in fall we struck a new path and created a young researcher group on “Immuno-oncology on a chip: nano-assisted screening for cancer therapy” across disciplines and Institutes headed by Dr. Larysa Baraban. Larysa heads a group in the Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research and collabo¬rates closely with our colleagues Dr. Artur Erbe on nanodevices and Dr. Denys Makarov on sensorics. We believe that this synergetic approach will pave the way to a fast and cost-efficient screening technology for personalized health care.
Again, in 2019, the level of newly received third-party funding was very good. In particular, we received the funding for two Helmholtz Innovation Laboratories (HIL); one on thermal treatment technology for defect engineering (UltraTherm) headed by Dr. Lars Rebohle and one on flexible sensors (FlexiSens) headed by Dr. Denys Makarov. The main emphasis of both HILs is to provide support of and technology transfer to small and medium enterprises in the respective technological areas. We are sure that in addition to our ion technology service provided via the HZDR Innovation GmbH both Innovation Labs will boost our technology transfer activities.
Several conferences and workshops were organized by scientists from our institute: the “Ion Beam Physics Workshop” as the annual meeting of the German Ion Beam Community was organized by Dr. Stefan Facsko and attracted around 50 participants to discuss the newest national developments and research in the field of ion beam physics. In addition, the “3rd European Focused Ion Beam Network Workshop” was organized by Dr. Hans-Jürgen Engelmann and co-workers; 135 participants from 17 countries found their way to HZDR to discuss current research topics and exchange experience in Focused-Ion-Beam (FIB) and Scanning-Electron-Microscopy (SEM) work.
Finally, we would like to cordially thank all partners, friends, and organizations who supported our progress in 2019. Special thanks are due to the Executive Board of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, the Minister of Science and Arts of the Free State of Saxony, and the Ministers of Education and Research, and of Economic Affairs and Energy of the Federal Government of Germany. Numerous partners from universities, industry and research institutes all around the world contributed essentially, and play a crucial role for the further development of the institute. Last but not least, the directors would like to thank again all members of our institute for their efforts and excellent contributions in 2019.
Involved research facilities
- Ion Beam Center DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159 is cited by this (Id 31045) publication
-
Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; HZDR-109 2020
ISSN: 2191-8708, eISSN: 2191-8716
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31045
"Materials" - Special Issue "First-Principle and Atomistic Modelling in Materials Science"
Abstract
Dear Colleagues,
Theoretical calculations and computer simulations are very important methods to improve our understanding of atomic-level processes in materials and to extend our knowledge on their static, dynamic, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties. Furthermore, the response of the material to external pertubations, in particular mechanical or thermal load and irradiation, can be studied using such computational techniques. This Special Issue of Materials shall include articles dealing with applications of first-principle density functional theory (DFT) and atomistic modelling based on interatomic potentials (AM). Both techniques are widely used to investigate ground state properties, finite-temperature effects, and dynamic processes. Based on the fundamental data delivered by DFT or AM, Monte Carlo simulations are employed to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of the respective materials. The present issue shall also include publications in which such a combination of the different computational methods is presented and be focused on solid inorganic materials with a crystalline or amorphous structure. Short communications on recent results, original research articles, as well as reviews may be submitted. This issue provides the opportunity for a detailed explanation of new computational techniques and for the publication of results obtained by the application of known theoretical methods to nonconventional classes of materials.
Dr. Matthias Posselt
Guest Editor
Contributions were submitted continuously from 2019 to 2021 and published after peer review.
Final Status (March 2021): 10 Articles, 1 Letter, 1 Editorial
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials/special_issues/Princ_Model
Keywords: First-Principle Calculations; Atomistic Modelling
-
Book (Editorship)
Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31044
Soft Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hafnon, HfSiO4
Estevenon, P.; Kaczmarek, T.; Rafiuddin, M. R.; Welcomme, E.; Szenknect, S.; Mesbah, A.; Moisy, P.; Poinssot, C.; Dacheux, N.
Abstract
The conditions allowing the preparation of single phase HfSiO4 has been determined through a multiparametric study by varying the concentrations of the reactants, the pH of the reactive media or the temperature and duration of the hydrothermal treatment. HfSiO4 was prepared through relatively soft conditions (pH ≤ 1.6, CSi ≈ CHf ≥ 0.21 mol·L‑1, T ≥ 150°C for t ≥ 24 hours).
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01546 references this (Id 31043) publication
-
Soft hydrothermal synthesis of hafnon, HfSiO4
ROBIS: 30004 has used this (Id 31043) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-01-29 Closed access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.327
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.328
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31043
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bands in ferromagnetic superconducting diamond
Zhang, G.; Samuely, T.; Iwahara, N.; Kačmarčík, J.; Wang, C.; May, P. W.; Jochum, J. K.; Onufriienko, O.; Szabó, P.; Zhou, S.; Samuely, P.; Moshchalkov, V. V.; Chibotaru, L. F.; Rubahn, H.-G.
Abstract
The combination of different exotic properties in materials paves the way for the emergence of their new potential applications. An example is the recently found coexistence of the mutually antagonistic ferromagnetism and superconductivity in hydrogenated boron-doped diamond, which promises to be an attractive system with which to explore unconventional physics. Here, we show the emergence of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bands with a spatial extent of tens of nanometers in ferromagnetic superconducting diamond using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We demonstrate theoretically how a two-dimensional (2D) spin lattice at the surface of a three-dimensional (3D) superconductor gives rise to the YSR bands and how their density-of-states profile correlates with the spin lattice structure. The established strategy to realize new forms of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity opens a way to engineer the unusual electronic states and also to design better-performing superconducting devices.
Related publications
-
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bands in ferromagnetic superconducting diamond
ROBIS: 31369 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31042) publication
-
Science Advances 6(2020), eaaz2536
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2536
Cited 14 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31042
In situ study of the synthesis of thorite (ThSiO4) under environmental representative conditions
Estevenon, P.; Causse, J.; Szenknect, S.; Welcomme, E.; Mesbah, A.; Moisy, P.; Poinssot, C.; Dacheux, N.
Abstract
Thorite, ThSiO4 with Zircon structure type, is one of the most abundant natural source of thorium on earth. While actinides are known to form nanoparticles in silicate medium, no direct link between those colloids and crystalline form of thorite was evidenced until now. Here we show that thorite can be produced in experimental conditions close to environmental pH and temperature. Thanks to in-situ Small and Wide Angle X-rays Scattering (SWAXS) measurements, colloids of a few nanometers are first evidenced for low reaction time. These colloids exhibit elongated shapes and finally tend to aggregate after the size has reached 10 nm. Once aggregated, the system goes through a maturation step finishing with the emergence of nanocrystallites presenting thorite zircon structure. This maturation step is longer when the reaction temperature is decreased highlighting kinetic considerations. The conclusions of this article have potential implications in the paragenesis of Th minerals deposits, but also in the behaviour of Th and, by analogy, tetravalent actinides in the environment. The Th-silicate colloids evidenced in this work have, at low temperature and at near neutral pH, a long-term stability and a morphology in favor of a high mobility in groundwaters. If these species are formed in more diluted media, this could be problematic regarding to the spreading of Th and, by analogy of others tetravalent actinides in the environment.
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01790f references this (Id 31041) publication
-
In situ study of the synthesis of thorite (ThSiO4) under environmental …
ROBIS: 30965 has used this (Id 31041) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-12 Closed access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.325
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.326
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31041
Formation of PuSiO4 under hydrothermal conditions
Estevenon, P.; Welcomme, E.; Tamain, C.; Jouan, G.; Szenknect, S.; Mesbah, A.; Poinssot, C.; Moisy, P.; Dacheux, N.
Abstract
Attempts to synthesize plutonium (IV) silicate, PuSiO4, have been performed on the basis of the results recently reported in the literature for CeSiO4, ThSiO4 and USiO4 under hydrothermal conditions. Although it was not possible to prepare PuSiO4 by applying the conditions reported for thorium and uranium, an efficient way of PuSiO4 synthesis was established following those optimized for CeSiO4 system. This method was based on the slow oxidation of plutonium (III) silicate reactants under hydrothermal conditions at 150°C in hydrochloric acid (pH = 3 – 4). This result shed a new light on the potential behavior of plutonium in reductive environment, highlighted the representativeness of cerium surrogates to study plutonium in such conditions and brought some important pieces of information on plutonium chemistry in silicate solutions.
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1039/D0DT01183E references this (Id 31040) publication
-
Formation of PuSiO4 under hydrothermal conditions
ROBIS: 30869 has used this (Id 31040) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-04-20 Closed access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.295
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.296
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31040
The Serial Interface Package -- v3.0
Seilmayer, M.
Abstract
The package enables reading and writing binary and ASCII data to RS232/RS422/RS485 or any other virtual serial interface of the computer. The major extensions are made with new functions and an improved robustness.
Keywords: RS232; RS485; serial interface; R
-
Software in external data repository
Publication year 2020
Programming language: R, Tcl/TK
System requirements: Windows, Linux, MacOS
License: GPL-2Link to location
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31039
MR-guided proton therapy: a review and a preview
Hoffmann, A.; Oborn, B.; Moteabbed, M.; Yan, S.; Bortfeld, T.; Knopf, A.; Fuchs, H.; Georg, D.; Seco, J.; Francesca Spadea, M.; Jäkel, O.; Kurz, C.; Parodi, K.
Abstract
Background
The targeting accuracy of proton therapy (PT) for moving soft-tissue tumours is expected to greatly improve by real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. The integration of MRI and PT at the treatment isocenter would offer the opportunity of combining the unparalleled soft-tissue contrast and real-time imaging capabilities of MRI with the most conformal dose distribution and best dose steering capability provided by modern PT. However, hybrid systems for MR-integrated PT (MRiPT) have not been realized so far due to a number of hitherto open technological challenges. In recent years, various research groups have started addressing these challenges and exploring the technical feasibility and clinical potential of MRiPT. The aim of this contribution is to review the different aspects of MRiPT, to report on the status quo and to identify important future research topics.
Methods
Four aspects currently under study and their future directions are discussed: modelling and experimental investigations of electromagnetic interactions between the MRI and PT systems, integration of MRiPT workflows in clinical facilities, proton dose calculation algorithms in magnetic fields, and MRI-only based proton treatment planning approaches.
Conclusions
Although MRiPT is still in its infancy, significant progress on all four aspects has been made, showing promising results that justify further efforts for research and development to be undertaken. First non-clinical research solutions have recently been realized and are being thoroughly characterized. The prospect that first prototype MRiPT systems for clinical use will likely exist within the next 5 to 10 years seems realistic, but requires significant work to be performed by collaborative efforts of research groups and industrial partners.
Keywords: Proton therapy; magnetic resonance imaging; image guidance
-
Radiation Oncology 15(2020)1, 129
DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01571-x
Cited 111 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31038
Clinical outcome of PSMA-guided radiotherapy for patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer
Koerber, S. A.; Sprute, K.; Kratochwil, C.; Winter, E.; Haefner, M. F.; Katayama, S.; Schlampp, I.; Herfarth, K.; Kopka, K.; Afshar-Oromieh, A.; Zschaebitz, S.; Holland-Letz, T.; Choyke, P. L.; Jaeger, D.; Hohenfellner, M.; Haberkorn, U.; Debus, J.; Giesel, F. L.
Abstract
Purpose.
First-line treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic prostate cancer involves hormone therapy with or without additional systemic therapies. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) allows the detection of oligometastatic disease that may be amenable to image-guided radiotherapy. The current study classifies the type and localization of metastases and the clinical outcome of PSMA-PET/CT-guided radiotherapy to selected metastases.
Materials and methods.
Between 2011 and 2019, 86 patients with recurrent, oligometastatic prostate carcinoma were identified by PSMA-PET/CT and were treated with image-guided radiotherapy of their metastases. Sites of relapse were characterized, and the primary endpoint overall survival (OS), biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival were tabulated.
Results
In total, 37% of the metastases were bone metastases, 48% were pelvic nodalmetastases, and 15% were nodalmetastases outside of the pelvis. After PSMA-guided radiotherapy, a biochemical response was detected in 83% of the cohort. A statistically significant decrease in the standard uptake value (SUV) was seen in irradiated metastases. After a median follow-up of 26 months, the 3-year OS and bPFS were 84% and 55%, respectively. The median time of ADT-free survival was 13.5 months. A better clinical outcome was observed for patients receiving concomitant ADT or more than 24 fractions of radiation.
Conclusion.
PSMA-guided radiotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach with excellent infield control for men with oligorecurrent prostate carcinoma. However, prospective, randomized trials are necessary to determine if this approach confers a survival advantage.
Keywords: Prostate cancer; PSMA; PET; Metastases; SUV; OS
-
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 48(2021), 143-151
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04777-z
Cited 22 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31037
Oscillatory surface deformation of paramagnetic rare earth solutions driven by an inhomogeneous magnetic field
Fritzsche, B.; Mutschke, G.; Meinel, T.; Yang, X.; Lei, Z.; Eckert, K.
Abstract
The deformation of the free surface of a paramagnetic liquid subjected to a non-uniform magnetic field has been studied. A transient deformation of the surface caused by the interplay of gravity, magnetic field and surface tension is observed when a permanent magnet is moved vertically downwards to the free surface of the liquid. Different concentrations of rare-earth metal salt (DyCl 3 ) were used and different magnet velocities were studied. The deformation of the interface was followed optically by means of a microscope and recorded with a high-speed camera. The experimental results are compared and discussed with complementary numerical simulations. Detailed results are given for the static shape of the deformed surface and the temporal evolution of the surface deformation below the center of the magnet. The frequency of the surface oscillations is found to depend on the concentration of the salt and is compared with analytical findings. Finally, a potential application of the effects observed is presented.
Keywords: Magnetic field; magnetic gradient force; rare earth; dysprosium; interfacial instability; free surface; oscillations
-
Physical Review E 101(2020), 062601
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.101.062601
Cited 5 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 5,3 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31036
Characterization of magnetic interference and image artefacts during simultaneous in-beam MR imaging and proton pencil beam scanning
Gantz, S.; Hietschold, V.; Hoffmann, A. L.
Abstract
For the first time, a low-field open magnetic resonance (MR) scanner was combined with a proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) research beamline. The aim of this study was to characterize the magnetic fringe fields produced by the PBS system and measure their effects on MR image quality during simultaneous PBS irradiation and image acquisition. A magnetic field camera measured the change in central resonance frequency (Δfres) and magnetic field homogeneity (ΔMFH) of the B0 field of the MR scanner during operation of the beam transport and scanning magnets. The beam energy was varied between 70−220 MeV and beam scanning was performed along the central horizontal and vertical axis of a 48 × 24 cm2 radiation field. The time structure of the scanning magnets’ fringe fields was simultaneously recorded by a tri-axial Hall probe. MR imaging experiments were conducted using the ACR (American College of Radiology) Small MRI Phantom and a spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence during simultaneous volumetric irradiation. Computer simulations were performed to predict the effects of B0 field perturbations due to PBS irradiation on MR image formation in k-space. Setting the beam transport magnets, horizontal and vertical scanning magnets resulted in a maximum Δfres of 50, 235 and 4 Hz, respectively. The ΔMFH was less than 3 ppm for all measurements. MR images acquired during beam energy variation and vertical beam scanning showed no visual loss in image quality. However, MR images acquired during horizontal beam scanning showed severe coherent ghosting artefacts in phase encoding direction. Both simulated and measured k-space phase maps prove that these artefacts are caused by phase-offsets. This study shows first experimental evidence that simultaneous in-beam MR imaging during proton PBS irradiation is subject to severe loss of image quality in the absence of magnetic decoupling between the PBS and MR system.
Keywords: MRI; proton therapy; image quality; pencil beam scanning; magnetometry
-
Physics in Medicine and Biology 65(2020)21, 215014
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb16f
Cited 15 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31035
Broadband Infrared LEDs based on Europium-To-Terbium Charge Transfer Luminescence
Joos, J.; van der Heggen, D.; Martin, L.; Amidani, L.; Smet, P.; Barandiarán, Z.; Seijo, L.
Abstract
A broadband infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (LED) for versatile spectroscopic use is constructed, based on a novel type of broadband IR luminescence. This peculiar emission is identified in europium and terbium codoped CaS for which the spectrum partially overlaps with the red Eu2+ emission and ranges up to 1200 nm. It can be efficiently excited with visible light. Experimental evidence for metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) luminescence is collected, comprising data from luminescence spectroscopy, microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. State-of-the-art multiconfigurational ab initio calculations allow to attribute the infrared band to the radiative decay of a metastable MMCT state of a Eu2+-Tb3+ pair. The calculations explain why no MMCT emission is found in the similar compound SrS:Eu,Tb and are used to anticipate how to fine-tune the characteristics of the MMCT luminescence.
-
Nature Communications 11(2020)1, 3647
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17469-x
Cited 118 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31034
Determination of thermodynamic functions and structural parameters of NpO2+ lactate complexes
Maiwald, M. M.; Müller, K.; Heim, K.; Trumm, M.; Fröhlich, D. R.; Banik, N. L.; Rothe, J.; Dardenne, K.; Skerencak-Frech, A.; Panak, P. J.
Abstract
The complexation of NpO2+ with lactate in aqueous solution is studied as a function of the total ligand concentration ([Lac-]total), ionic strength (Im = 0.5 – 4.0 mol kg-1 Na+(Cl-/ClO4-)) and temperature (T = 20 – 85 °C) by Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy. The formation of two NpO2+ lactate species with the stoichiometry NpO2(Lac)n1-n (n = 1, 2) is observed at the studied experimental conditions. The temperature dependent conditional stability constants log beta 'j(T) at different ionic strengths are calculated with the law of mass action. The conditional data are extrapolated to IUPAC reference state conditions (Im = 0) with the specific ion interaction theory (SIT). With increasing temperature up to 85 °C log beta 01(20 °C) = 1.92 ± 0.14 decreases by 0.12 and log beta 02(20 °C) = 2.10 ± 0.13 decreases by 0.17. The thermodynamic stability constants correlate linearly with the reciprocal temperature according to the integrated Van’t Hoff equation. Thus, linear regression analyses yield the standard reaction enthalpy delta rH0 and entropy delta rS0 for the complexation reactions. In addition, the sum of the SIT specific binary ion-ion interaction coefficients delta epsilon j,k(T) of the complexation reactions are determined by variation of the ionic strength.
Structural parameters of the formed complex species and the coordination mode of lactate towards the NpO2+ ion are investigated as a function of pHc by extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT IR). The results show, that the coordination mode of lactate changes from end-on (coordination via only the COO- group) to side-on (formation of chelate rings involving the OH-group) with increasing pHc. The experiments are supported by quantum chemical calculations.
-
New Journal of Chemistry 44(2020)39, 17033-17046
DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04291a
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 656 kB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31033
The role of postoperative thoracic radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation in early stage small cell lung cancer: patient selection among ESTRO experts
Putora, P.; de Ruysscher, D.; Glatzer, M.; Widder, J.; van Houtte, P.; Troost, E. G. C.; Slotman, B.; Ramella, S.; Pöttgen, C.; Peeters, S.; Nestle, U.; Mcdonald, F.; Le, P. C.; Dziadziuszko, R.; Belderbos, J.; Faivre-Finn, C.
Abstract
The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is unclear in resected small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: Thirteen European radiotherapy experts on SCLC were asked to describe their strategies on PCI and TRT for patients with resected SCLC. The treatment strategies were converted into decision trees and analyzed for consensus and discrepancies. Results: For patients with resected SCLC and positive lymph nodes most experts recommend prophylactic cranial irradiation and thoracic radiotherapy. For elderly patients with resected node negative SCLC, most experts do not recommend thoracic radiotherapy or prophylactic cranial irradiation. Conclusion: PCI and TRT are considered in patients with resected SCLC and these treatments should be discussed with the patient in the context of shared decision-making.
-
Radiotherapy and Oncology 145(2020), 45-48
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.11.022
Cited 9 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31032
Is reducing irradiated margins key to improving outcomes for radiotherapy
van Herk, M.; Osorio, E.; Troost, E. G. C.
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a four-dimensional geometrical challenge. For modern radiotherapy planning, gross tumour volume (GTV) is pictured before treatment using CT scanning fused with anatomical and functional imaging. To account for microscopic tumour spread, a safety margin is added to the GTV and corrected for anatomical boundaries to determine the clinical target volume (CTV). Finally, systematic and random errors occurring during the fractionated course of radiotherapy are corrected for by adding another safety margin.
- Lancet Oncology 20(2019)9, 1208-1210
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31031
Integral multi-scenario robustness evaluation of classical and anatomical robust optimization in head and neck cancer proton therapy
Cubillos Mesias, M.; Troost, E. G. C.; Lohaus, F.; Agolli, L.; Rehm, M.; Richter, C.; Stützer, K.
Abstract
Classical robust optimization considers uncertainties in patient setup and particle range. Usually plan robustness is evaluated from calculation of perturbed dose distributions based on the planning CT, without considering potential anatomical changes that may occur during the treatment course. Our aim was to compare the overall plan robustness of classical robust optimization (cRO) with the recently proposed anatomical robust optimization (aRO) based on an integral multi-scenario evaluation, considering all types of uncertainties including anatomical variations.
-
Abstract in refereed journal
Radiotherapy and Oncology 133(2019)1, S488-S489
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31030
Combined Two-phase Co-flow and Counter-flow in a Gas Channel/Porous Transport Layer Assembly
Beale, S. B.; Andersson, M.; Weber, N.; Marschall, H.; Lehnert, W.
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells and electrolysers are low temperature devices whereby both gases and liquids intermingle within the porous transport layers and open channels. The flow of the liquid and gas is of paramount importance to the functioning of the unit. This motion is poorly understood. Cell-level models typically employ volume-averaging techniques to describe the motion of the flowing reactants and products. Until recently, detailed analysis of the two-phase liquid gas mixture, employing front-tracking methods has proved to be computationally prohibitive. Previous work has considered the motion of liquid drops in gas channels, it being assumed the drops are formed at specific nucleation sites on the sides of the channels. The present work considers a detailed numerical analysis of combined liquid-gas co-flow in a gas channel with liquid-gas counter-flow in a porous transport layer, (PTL). The geometry considered is in the form of a ‘T-shape’ with the porous transport layer of a thin rectangular prism of dimensions 0.5×0.5×0.1 mm3 located at the base of the ‘T’, and the gas flowing across the top in channel. The PTL is reproduced by digital reconstruction of nano-computer tomography images of a Freudenberg H2315 PTL as a sterolithography file. From this, the domain is tessellated with an unstructured castellated, or octree, type mesh. Liquid water is introduced at an electrode at the base of the PTL and gaseous oxygen is simultaneously removed by electrochemical reduction; the resulting liquid-gas counter flow in the porous transport layer results in liquid droplets being entrained in co-flow in the gas channels and convected downstream.
The equations of mass and momentum are solved by means of the open source software library OpenFOAM. A volume-of-fluid approach based on the multidimensional universal limiter for explicit solution was employed within a volume-of-fluid method. At T = 0, the channel is presumed to be filled with gas, and the PTL saturated with liquid water. Gas is introduced at the inlet at a given velocity. Water is added and gas removed at the electrode (counter flow) whereas both water and gas are removed at the outlet (coflow). At the channel and PTL walls as well as on the GDL fibres, the static contact angle was fixed. It can be seen that the location and size of the shed drops varies somewhat in space and time, i.e., there is a stochastic component to the motion of the fluid, due to the spatial distribution of the fibres in the PTL, the transient shedding process, and the merging of liquid streams flowing into the gas channel. Nonetheless, a definite periodicity is observed with drops being injected into the channel at a fairly regular rate. Some relatively minor switching with time is observed within the PTL due to the random packing of fibres, but again these transients are relatively quiescent, as might be expected for porous media flow.
In addition to providing new and important information about flow and pressure losses in channels and PTLs of electrochemical cells as a function of gas and liquid flow rates, i.e. current density and stoichiometry, the present model may be also used to enumerate properties such as relative permeability which can subsequently be employed in cell-scale models.
-
Lecture (Conference)
PRiME 2020, 04.-09.10.2020, Honolulu, USA -
ECS Transactions 98(2020)9, 305-315
DOI: 10.1149/09809.0305ecst
Cited 2 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 522 kB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31029
Nanopatterning of the (001) surface of crystalline Ge by ion irradiation at off-normal incidence: Experiment and simulation
Erb, D.; de Schultz, R.; Ilinov, A.; Nordlund, K.; Bradley, M. R.; Facsko, S.
Abstract
Intricate topographical patterns can form on the surface of crystalline Ge(001) subject to low-energy ion irradiation in the reverse epitaxy regime, i.e., at elevated temperatures which enable dynamic recrystallization. We compare such nanoscale patterns produced by irradiation from varied polar and azimuthal ion incidence angles with corresponding calculated surface topographies. To this end, we propose a continuum equation including both anisotropic erosive and anisotropic diffusive effects. Molecular dynamics simulations provide the coefficients of angle-dependent sputter erosion for the calculations. By merely changing these coefficients accordingly, the experimentally observed surface morphologies can be reproduced, except for extreme ion incidence angles. Angle-dependent sputter erosion is thereby identified as a dominant mechanism in ion-induced pattern formation on crystalline surfaces under irradiation from off-normal incidence angles.
Keywords: Ion impact & scattering; Surface diffusion; Surface instabilities; Nanostructures; Vacuum interfaces; Molecular dynamics; Atomic force microscopy
Involved research facilities
- Ion Beam Center DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159 is cited by this (Id 31027) publication
-
Physical Review B 102(2020), 165422
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.165422
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 6,8 MB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31027
Visualizing Magnetic Structure in 3D Nanoscale Ni–Fe Gyroid Networks
Llandro, J.; Love, D. M.; Kovács, A.; Caron, J.; Vyas, K. N.; Kakay, A.; Salikhov, R.; Lenz, K.; Faßbender, J.; Scherer, M. R. J.; Cimorra, C.; Steiner, U.; Barnes, C. H. W.; Dunin-Borkowski, R. E.; Fukami, S.; Ohno, H.
Abstract
Arrays of interacting 2D nanomagnets display unprecedented electromagnetic properties via collective effects, demonstrated in artificial spin ices and magnonic crystals. Progress toward 3D magnetic metamaterials is hampered by two challenges: fabricating 3D structures near intrinsic magnetic length scales (sub-100 nm) and visualizing their magnetic configurations. Here, we fabricate and measure nanoscale magnetic gyroids, periodic chiral networks comprising nanowire-like struts forming three-connected vertices. Via block copolymer templating, we produce Ni75Fe25 single-gyroid and double-gyroid (an inversion pair of single-gyroids) nanostructures with a 42 nm unit cell and 11 nm diameter struts, comparable to the exchange length in Ni–Fe. We visualize their magnetization distributions via off-axis electron holography with nanometer spatial resolution and interpret the patterns using finite-element micromagnetic simulations. Our results suggest an intricate, frustrated remanent state which is ferromagnetic but without a unique equilibrium configuration, opening new possibilities for collective phenomena in magnetism, including 3D magnonic crystals and unconventional computing.
Keywords: magnetic metamaterials gyroids transmission electron microscopy off-axis electron holography
-
Nano Letters 20(2020)5, 3642-3650
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00578
Cited 29 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 481 kB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31026
Electron Concentration Limit in Ge Doped by Ion Implantation and Flash Lamp Annealing
Prucnal, S.; Żuk, J.; Hübner, R.; Duan, J.; Wang, M.; Pyszniak, K.; Drozdziel, A.; Turek, M.; Zhou, S.
Abstract
Controlled doping with an effective carrier concentration higher than 10^20 cm-3 is a key challenge for the full integration of Ge into silicon-based technology. Such a highly doped layer of both p- and n type is needed to provide ohmic contacts with low specific resistance. We have studied the effect of ion implantation parameters i.e., ion energy, fluence, ion type, and protective layer on the effective concentration of electrons. We have shown that the maximum electron concentration increases as the thickness of the doping layer decreases. The degradation of the implanted Ge surface can be minimized by performing ion implantation at temperatures that are below -100 C with ion flux less than 60 nAcm-2 and maximum ion energy less than 120 keV. The implanted layers are flash-lamp annealed for 20 ms in order to inhibit the diffusion of the implanted ions during the recrystallization process.
Keywords: Ge; ion implantation; flash lamp annealing; n-type doping; Raman spectroscopy
Involved research facilities
- Ion Beam Center DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-3-159 is cited by this (Id 31025) publication
-
Materials 13(2020), 1408
DOI: 10.3390/ma13061408
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31025
GMP – rules and recommendations
Abstract
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is a crucial part in the production of medicinal products. The quality and safety of medicinal products play an essential role in good manufacturing practice. Radiopharmaceuticals that are used in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases are also defined as medicinal products but at the same time underlie radiation safety regulations which is often contradictive to good manufacturing practice regulations. In principle, radiopharmaceuticals can legally wise be divided into three groups, namely radiopharmaceuticals that are holding a marketing authorization, radiopharmaceuticals that are used in clinical trials and radiopharmaceuticals that are prepared extemporaneously. In Europe a large variety of regulations with regards to good manufacturing practice for radiopharmaceuticals is observed and leads sometimes to confusion for large-scale manufacturer of radioactive pharmaceuticals, investigators of clinical trials or a small radiopharmacy in a nuclear medicine hospital department. This chapter gives an overall overview on the existing binding and non-binding regulatory documents issued by important organizations and stakeholders and shows guidelines taking the specific character and requirements of radiopharmaceuticals into account.
-
Book chapter
Michael Ljungberg: Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists Volume III: Radiopharmaceuticals and Clinical Applications, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2022, 9781138593312, 87-94
DOI: 10.1201/9780429489501-8
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31024
Hydrogel-based Janus Micromotors Capped with Functional Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications
Lin, X.; Zhu, H.; Zhao, Z.; You, C.; Kong, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, J.; Chen, H.; Shi, X.; Makarov, D.; Mei, Y.
Abstract
Janus nano/micromotors have been developed into various sizes, shapes and functions for a blaze of applications especially in biomedical and environmental fields. Here, we report a fabrication method of Janus micromotors by capping hydrogel microspheres with functional nanoparticles (NPs). Microspheres are prepared in droplet microfluidics relying on hydrogel polymerization to obtain spheres with diameters from 20 μm to 500 μm. By solidifying a hydrogel layer onto microspheres, functional NPs of MnO2 (catalyst of H2O2), TiO2 (photocatalyst) and Fe3O4 (magnetic guidance) are adhered onto microspheres resulting in Janus micromotors revealing different functionalities. We explore dynamics of Janus micromotors (diameter around 250 µm) by analyzing their trajectories in terms of mean squared displacement (MSD) when immersed in H2O2 solutions of different concentrations, illuminated by light and guided in an external magnetic field. TiO2 Janus micromotors perform well for water purification tasks as we exemplarily demonstrate with a degradation of Methylene Blue dye in water. The proposed fabrication method is versatile and enables to achieve adjustable coverage of a microsphere with NPs as well as to realize multi-functional Janus micromotors by adhering different NPs (e.g., MnO2 and Fe3O4) on a sphere. This method provides an attractive way to fabricate multifunctional Janus micromotors in a cost-effective manner for environmental applications.
Keywords: Janus micromotors; photocurable hydrogel; functional nanoparticles; catalytic motion; environmental applications
-
Advanced Materials Technologies 5(2020), 2000279
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202000279
Cited 30 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31023
High-field magnetoacoustics of a Dy2Fe14Si3 single crystal
Andreev, A. V.; Gorbunov, D.; Nomura, T.; Zvyagin, A. A.; Zvyagina, G. A.; Zherlitsyn, S.
Abstract
Dy2Fe14Si3 (hexagonal crystal structure of the Th2Ni17 type) is a highly-anisotropic ferrimagnet with spontaneous magnetic moment Ms=8µB per formula unit (at 2 K), directed along the Fe sublattice, and Curie temperature TC=500 K. The magnetic anisotropy is of the easy-plane type with the [100] axis as an easy magnetization direction. Large anisotropy is observed also within the basal plane. In fields applied along the [100] and [120] axes, field-induced phase transitions were observed at 33 T (of thefirst order) and at 41 T (of the second order), respectively (at 2 K). Relative changes of sound velocity and changes of sound attenuation at these phase transitions in a Dy2Fe14Si3 single crystal were measured in pulsed magneticfields up to 58 T at 2 K and elevated temperatures. The performed theoretical analysis suggests that the interaction of the elastic subsystem with the magnetic one is of the exchange-striction nature.
Involved research facilities
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD)
-
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 835(2020), 155335
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155335
Cited 3 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31022
Once daily versus radiotherapy in the management of limited disease small cell lung cancer - Decision criteria in routine practice
Glatzer, M.; Faivre-Finn, C.; de Ruysscher, D.; Widder, J.; van Houtte, P.; Troost, E. G. C.; Dahele, M.; Slotman, B.; Ramella, S.; Pöttgen, C.; Peeters, S.; Nestle, U.; Mcdonald, F.; Le Pechoux, C.; Dziadziuszko, R.; Belderbos, J.; Putora, P.
Abstract
Background: In limited disease small cell lung cancer, the convert trial has demonstrated similar results with once-daily (QD) radiotherapy (66 Gy) and twice-daily (BID) radiotherapy (45 Gy). The selection among these regimes may be influenced by several factors. Methods: Thirteen European radiotherapy experts in SCLC as defined by the European Society for Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ESTRO) were asked to describe their strategies in the management of LD-SCLC. The decision criteria were unified, the strategies were converted into decision trees and analysed for consensus and discrepancies. Results: Logistical reasons, performance status of the patient and dose constraints were the three major decision criteria used by most experts in decision making. The use of QD and BID regimes was balanced among European experts, but there was a trend towards the BID regime for fit patients able to travel twice a day to the radiotherapy site. Conclusion: BID and QD radiotherapy are both accepted treatment options among experts and the decision may be influenced by pragmatic factors such as availability of transportation.
-
Radiotherapy and Oncology 150(2020), 26-29
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.004
Cited 15 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31021
Individual patient data meta-analysis of FMISO and FAZA hypoxia PET scans from head and neck cancer patients undergoing definitive radio-chemotherapy
Zschaeck, S.; Löck, S.; Hofheinz, F.; Zips, D.; Mortensen, L.; Zöphel, K.; Troost, E. G. C.; Boeke, D.; Saksoe, M.; Mönnich, D.; Seidlitz, A.; Johansen, J.; Skripcak, T.; Gregoire, V.; Overgaard, J.; Baumann, M.; Krause, M.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Tumor hypoxia plays an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Various positron emission tomography (PET) tracers promise non-invasive assessment of tumor hypoxia. So far, the applicability of hypoxia PET is hampered by monocentric imaging trials with few patients.
Materials and methods: Multicenter individual patient data based meta-analysis of the original PET data from four prospective imaging trials was performed. All patients had localized disease and were treated with curatively intended radio(-chemo)therapy. Hypoxia PET imaging was performed with 18F-Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO, 102 patients) or 18F-Fluoroazomycin-arabinoside (FAZA, 51 patients). Impact of hypoxia PET parameters on loco-regional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed by uni- and multivariable Cox regression.
Results: Baseline characteristics between participating centers differed significantly, especially regarding T stage (p<0.001), tumor volume (p<0.001) and p16 status (p=0.009). The commonly used hypoxia parameters, maximal tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMRmax) and hypoxic volume with 1.6 threshold (HV1.6), showed a strong association with LRC (p=0.001) and OS (p<0.001).
These findings were irrespective of the radiotracer and the same cut-off values could be applied for FMISO and FAZA (TMRmax>2.0 or HV1.6>1.5 ml). The effect size of TMRmax was similar for subgroups of patients defined by radiotracer, p16 status and FDG-PET parameters for LRC and OS, respectively.
Conclusion: PET measured hypoxia is robust and has a strong impact on LRC and OS in HNSCC. The most commonly investigated tracers FMISO and FAZA can probably be used equivalently in multicenter trials. Optimal strategies to improve the dismal outcome of hypoxic tumors remain elusive.
Keywords: head and neck cancer; FMISO; FAZA; PET; hypoxia
Involved research facilities
- PET-Center
-
Radiotherapy and Oncology 149(2020), 189-196
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.022
Cited 44 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31020
Bentonite Geomicrobiology
Lopez Fernandez, M.; Matschiavelli, N.; Merroun, M. L.
Abstract
Bentonites may be used as a buffer and backfill material in future deep geological repositories of high-level radioactive waste. These clay formations have been reported to host different metabolically active microorganisms with the potential to affect the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur. Therefore, low porosity bentonites with high swelling capacity might prevent several microbial processes, such as corrosion. In addition, microorganisms occurring in bentonite may be able to interact with released radionuclides affecting their fate and behavior and leading to their mobilization or immobilization.
This chapter reviews the latest findings on the structure and composition of microbial communities in bentonites under repository relevant conditions (high temperature, high pressure, presence of electron donors/acceptors, etc.), to underline the importance of the microbial activity for the long-term effectiveness of the repository. Both, laboratory and large-scale experiment results will be summarized and discussed. In addition, the impact of microbial processes on the mobilization of radionuclides at the bentonite/microbe/radionuclide interface will be reviewed. A multidisciplinary approach combining microscopy, spectroscopy, radiochemistry and microbiology-based techniques used to study the speciation of radionuclides will be highlighted.
Keywords: bentonite; microbial diversity; microbial activity; microbial radionuclide migration; high-level radioactive waste; deep geological repository
-
Book chapter
Jonathan R. Lloyd, Andrea Cherkouk: The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2020, 978-0-12-818695-4, 137-155
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31019
Multi Optical Sensor Fusion for Mineral Mapping of Core Samples
Rasti, B.; Ghamisi, P.; Seidel, P.; Lorenz, S.; Gloaguen, R.
Abstract
Geological objects are characterized by a high complexity inherent to a strong compositional variability at all scales and usually unclear class boundaries. Therefore, dedicated processing schemes are required for the analysis of such data for mineral mapping. On the other hand, the variety of optical sensing technology reveals different data attributes and therefore multi-sensor approaches are adapted to solve such complicated mapping problems. In this paper, we devise an adapted multi-optical sensor fusion (MOSFus) workflow which takes the geological characteristics into account. The proposed processing chain exhaustively covers all relevant stages, including data acquisition, preprocessing, feature fusion, and mineral mapping. The concept includes i) a spatial feature extraction based on morphological profiles on RGB data with high spatial resolution, ii) a specific noise reduction applied on the hyperspectral data that assumes mixed sparse and Gaussian contamination and iii) a subsequent dimensionality reduction using a sparse and smooth low rank analysis. The feature extraction approach allows to fuse heterogeneous data at variable resolutions, scales, and spectral ranges as well as improve classification substantially. The last step of the approach, an SVM classifier, is robust to unbalanced and sparse training sets and is particularly efficient with complex imaging data. We evaluate the performance of the procedure with two different multi-optical sensor datasets. The results demonstrate the superiority of this dedicated approach over common strategies.
Keywords: Multi-sensor data; optical sensor; hyperspectral; hyperspectral mixed sparse and Gaussian noise reduction (HyMiNoR); spectral imaging; data fusion; feature extraction; dimensionality reduction; support vector machine (SVM); sparse and smooth low-rank analysis (SSLRA); orthogonal total variation component analysis (OTVCA); mineral exploration
Related publications
-
Data for: "Multi Optical Sensor Fusion for Mineral Mapping of Core Samples"
ROBIS: 31904 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31017) publication
-
Sensors 20(2020)13, 3766
DOI: 10.3390/s20133766
Cited 5 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31017
Quantum and classical phase-space dynamics of a free-electron laser
Carmesin, C. M.; Peter, K.; Enno, G.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schleich, W. P.
Abstract
In a quantum mechanical description of the free-electron laser (FEL), the electrons jump on discrete momentum ladders, while they follow continuous trajectories according to the classical description. In order to observe the transition from quantum to classical dynamics, it is not sufficient that many momentum levels are involved. Only if additionally the initial momentum spread of the electron beam is larger than the quantum mechanical recoil, caused by the emission and absorption of photons, the quantum dynamics in phase space resembles the classical one. Beyond these criteria, quantum signatures of averaged quantities like the FEL gain might be washed out.
-
Physical Review Research 2(2020), 023027
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023027
Cited 11 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31016
Reduction of clinical safety margins in proton therapy enabled by the clinical implementation of dual-energy CT for direct stopping-power prediction
Peters, N.; Wohlfahrt, P.; Hofmann, C.; Möhler, C.; Menkel, S.; Tschiche, M.; Krause, M.; Troost, E. G. C.; Enghardt, W.; Richter, C.
Abstract
Purpose: Quantification of range uncertainty in proton treatment planning using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for direct stopping-power prediction (DirectSPR) and its clinical implementation.
Methods and materials: To assess the overall uncertainty in stopping-power ratio (SPR) prediction of a DirectSPR implementation calibrated for different patient geometries, the influencing factors were categorized in imaging, modelling as well as others. The respective SPR uncertainty was quantified for lung, soft tissue and bone and translated into range uncertainty for several tumor entities. The uncertainty assessment was experimentally validated in various phantom geometries and compared to the standard look-up-table (HLUT) approach. Finally, the dosimetric effect of the assessed margins was quantified for a representative brain tumor patient.
Results: For bone, soft tissue and lung, an SPR uncertainty (1𝜎) of 1.6%, 1.3% and 1.3% was determined for DirectSPR, respectively. This allowed for a reduction of the clinically applied range uncertainty from currently (3.5%+2mm) to (1.7%+2mm) for brain tumor patients and (2.0%+2mm) for
prostate-cancer patients. In all phantom validation setups, DirectSPR outperformed the HLUT approach, with an accuracy in SPR prediction as high as 0.3% in an anthropomorphic head phantom (0.7% using HLUT). In the representative patient case, a dose reduction in organs at risk close-by to the target volume was achieved, with a mean dose reduction of up to 16% in the brainstem. Patient-specific DECT-based treatment planning with reduced safety margins was successfully introduced into clinical routine at our institute in April 2019. Within the first year, 90 brain-tumor and 60 prostate-cancer patients were treated using DirectSPR.
Conclusions: A substantial reduction of range uncertainty in clinical proton treatment planning was achieved by patient-specific DECT-based SPR prediction. Thereby, for the first time since the initial introduction of range margins in proton therapy in the 1980s, a relevant reduction of range uncertainty on a 2% level was achieved.
-
Radiotherapy and Oncology 166(2022), 71-78
Online First (2021) DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.11.002
Cited 58 times in Scopus
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31015
Crystal Growth of Spin-frustrated Ba4Nb0.8Ir3.2O12: A Possible Spin Liquid Material
Thakur, G. S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Doert, T.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Felser, C.
Abstract
Polycrystalline Ba4NbIr3O12 has recently been shown to be a promising spin liquid candidate. We report an easy and reliable method to grow millimeter-sized single crystals of this trimer-based spin liquid candidate material with the actual stoichiometry of Ba4Nb0.8Ir3.2O12. The growth of large crystals is achieved using BaCl as flux. The crystals show a hexagonal platelike habit with edges up to 3 mm in length. The structure is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and is found to be the same as that of the previously reported phase Ba12Nb2.4Ir9.6O36 [Ba4Nb0.8Ir3.2O12], indeed with a mixed occupancy of Nb/Ir at the 3a site. The magnetic and calorimetric study on the individual single crystals confirms the possibility of a spin liquid state consistent with a recent report on a polycrystalline sample.
Involved research facilities
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD)
-
Crystal Growth & Design 20(2020), 2871-2876
DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00262
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31014
Two-fluid model simulations of isothermal stratified counter-current flow of air and water with interface compression and turbulence damping
Tekavčič, M.; Meller, R.; Schlegel, F.; Končar, B.
Abstract
Stratified flows of water and steam can appear in the primary system of a pressurized water reactor during a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident. Among others, important safety concerns during cold water injection of the emergency core cooling system include the pressurized thermal shock and the possible formation of a condensation induced water hammer. Both mechanisms could cause significant thermal and mechanical stresses on the components of the primary system. Thorough knowledge of turbulent heat and mass transfer processes near the interface is required for safety analyses of both phenomena.
Measurements of industrially relevant turbulent two-phase flows tend to be difficult; therefore computational fluid dynamics simulations represent an important additional analytical tool. The main objective of the present research and development is to advance the capabilities of current state-of-the-art modeling tools towards the simulations of two-phase flow phenomena under realistic reactor conditions. In the present paper, the focus is on turbulence modelling near the gas liquid interface in stratified flows.
An isothermal stratified counter-current flow of air and water in a rectangular channel is simulated. Computational domain and boundary conditions are based on the flow conditions in the test section of the WENKA experiment [1]. The validation case considers supercritical stratified flow with Froude number of 2.36 and Reynolds number 12000 for water and 27000 for air.
The two-fluid modeling approach with interface compression is used to resolve the interface between the two phases. A consistent momentum interpolation numerical scheme is applied, featuring the partial elimination algorithm to handle the strong interphase drag coupling at a resolved interface. The Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach is used to describe turbulent two-phase flow. Modelling of turbulence dissipation at the interface requires a special treatment that includes introduction of additional turbulence damping terms into the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence equations. Simulations, model and source code development are performed with the open source C++ library OpenFOAM.
Simulation results are validated with the measured profiles of volume fraction, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy at two streamwise positions in the test section of the WENKA experiment. Results of the mesh sensitivity study are presented. Furthermore, results of a parametric study reveal that an asymmetric damping approach with a lower coefficient on the liquid side of the interface can improve the prediction of turbulent kinetic energy profiles.
[1] Stäbler, T., Meyer, L., Schulenberg, T., & Laurien, E. (2006). Turbulence Structures in Horizontal Two-Phase Flows Under Counter-Current Conditions. Proceedings of FEDSM2006 (pp. 61–66). ASME.
-
Lecture (Conference)
International Conference Nuclear Energy for New Europe NENE2020, 07.-10.09.2020, Portorož, Slovenia -
Contribution to proceedings
International Conference Nuclear Energy for New Europe, 07.-10.09.2020, Portorož, Slovenia,
Two-fluid Model Simulations of Isothermal Stratified Counter-current Flow of Air and Water with Interface Compression and Turbulence Damping, 715.1-715.9
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31013
Fermion sign problem in path integral Monte Carlo simulations: Quantum dots, ultracold atoms, and warm dense matter
Abstract
The ab initio thermodynamic simulation of correlated Fermi systems is of central importance for many applications, such as warm dense matter, electrons in quantum dots, and ultracold atoms. Unfortunately, path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations of fermions are severely restricted by the notorious fermion sign problem (FSP). In this paper, we present a hands-on discussion of the FSP and investigate in detail its manifestation with respect to temperature, system size, interaction-strength and -type, and the dimensionality of the system. Moreover, we analyze the probability distribution of fermionic expectation values, which can be non-Gaussian and fat-tailed when the FSP is severe. As a practical application, we consider electrons and dipolar atoms in a harmonic confinement, and the uniform electron gas in the warm dense matter regime. In addition, we provide extensive PIMC data, which can be used as a reference for the development of new methods and as a benchmark for approximations.
Keywords: path integral Monte Carlo; statistical physics; sign problem; computational physics
-
Physical Review E 100(2019), 023307
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.100.023307
Cited 77 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31012
Natural convection heat transfer performance of additively manufactured tube bundle heat exchangers with novel fin design
Unger, S.; Beyer, M.; Pietruske, H.; Szalinski, L.; Hampel, U.
Abstract
These are the raw data and the processed data of the journal paper " Natural convection heat transfer performance of additively manufactured tube bundle heat exchangers with novel fin desigs".
The raw data contains the measured values on the experimental setup and the processed data contains the data of the data used in the corresponding journal publication.
Involved research facilities
- TOPFLOW Facility
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1007/s00231-020-03014-5 references this (Id 31011) publication
-
Natural convection heat transfer performance of additively manufactured tube …
ROBIS: 31008 has used this (Id 31011) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-10 Open access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.319
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.320
License: CC-BY-4.0
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31011
DNA damage in human whole blood caused by radiopharmaceuticals evaluated by the comet assay
Schmeiser, H.; Muehlbauer, K.; Mier, W.; Baranski, A.; Neels, O.; Dimitrakopolou-Strauss, A.; Schmezer, P.; Kratochwil, C.; Bruchertseifer, F.; Morgenstern, A.; Kopka, K.
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals used for diagnosis or therapy induce DNA strand breaks, which may be detectable by single-cell gel electrophoresis (called comet assay). Blood was taken from patients before and at different time points after treatment with radiopharmaceuticals; blood cells were investigated by the comet assay using the percentage of DNA in the tail as the critical parameter. Whereas [225Ac]Ac-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 alpha therapy showed no difference relative to the blood sample taken before treatment, beta therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 3 h post-injection revealed a small but significant increase in DNA strand breaks. In blood of patients who underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with either [18F]2-fluor-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) or [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, an increase of DNA migration determined by the comet assay was not found when analysed at different time points (2–70 min) after intravenous tracer injection. Human whole blood was incubated with the targeted clinically relevant therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and [90Y]Y-DOTA(0)-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide (DOTA-TOC) at different activity concentrations (kBq/ml) for 5 days and then analysed by the comet assay. DNA damage increased with higher concentrations of all radiolabeled compounds tested. [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 caused higher blood cell radiotoxicity than equal activity concentrations of 90Y]Y-DOTATOC. Likewise, whole human blood was exposed to the positron emitters [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in vitro for 24 h with activity concentrations ranging between 5 and 40 MBq/ml. The same activity concentration dependent elevated DNA migration was observed for both compounds although decay energies are different. This study demonstrated that the amount of DNA damage detected by the comet assay in whole human blood is similar among different positron emitters and divergent by a factor of 200 between alpha particles and beta radiation.
-
Mutagenesis 34(2019)3, 239-244
DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez007
Cited 13 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31010
Using simultaneous x-ray diffraction and velocity interferometry to determine material strength in shock-compressed diamond
Macdonald, M. J.; Mcbride, E. E.; Galtier, E.; Gauthier, M.; Granados, E.; Kraus, D.; Krygier, A.; Levitan, A. L.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Nam, I.; Schumaker, W.; Sun, P.; van Driel, T. B.; Vorberger, J.; Zhou, X.; Drake, R. P.; Glenzer, S. H.; Fletcher, L. B.
Abstract
We determine the strength of laser shock-compressed polycrystalline diamond at stresses above the Hugoniot elastic limit using a novel technique combining x-ray diffraction from the Linac Coherent Light Source with velocity interferometry. X-ray diffraction is used to measure lattice strains and velocity interferometry is used to infer shock and particle velocities. These measurements, combined with density-dependent elastic constants calculated using density functional theory, enable determination of material strength above the Hugoniot elastic limit. Our results indicate that diamond retains approximately 20 GPa of strength at longitudinal stresses of 150–300 GPa under shock compression.
Keywords: diffraction; diamond; strength; high pressure; shock; Hugoniot
-
Applied Physics Letters 116(2020), 234104
DOI: 10.1063/5.0013085
Cited 12 times in Scopus
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31009
Natural convection heat transfer performance of additively manufactured tube bundle heat exchangers with novel fin design
Unger, S.; Beyer, M.; Pietruske, H.; Szalinski, L.; Hampel, U.
Abstract
In many applications finned tube bundles are commonly used for heating or cooling purpose. Hence, the natural convection heat transfer from finned heat exchanger configurations with novel design in a chimney was experimentally studied. These novel fin designs use integrated pins to enhance the heat conduction from the fin base to the fin tip as well as the convective heat transfer along the fin surface. Oval tubes with conventional circular plain fins (CPF) as well as novel circular integrated pin fins (CIPF) and serrated integrated pin fins (SIPF) were additively generated by a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process and installed at the bottom of a 6.5 m long chimney. All heat exchanger designs were tested in a 2-row and 3-row configuration with Rayleigh numbers between 25,000 and 120,000. We found the average Nusselt number of SIPF to be higher and the Nusselt number of the CIPF to be lower compared to the CPF. Furthermore, the 2-row configuration achieved greater Nusselt number compared to the 3-row configuration for all heat exchanger designs. The analysis of the individual tube rows showed highest Nusselt numbers at the first tube row and the lowest at the last tube row for both configurations. However, for the SIPF the difference between the first and second tube row is smaller compared to the CPF and CIPF. In order to evaluate the compactness of the heat exchanger, the volumetric heat flux density was applied. Similar to Nusselt number the volumetric heat flux density enhanced for the SIPF and reduced for the CIPF compared to the conventional design. Also the 2-row configuration reaches greater thermal performance compared to the 3-row configuration. Additionally, the surface area and the volume of the heat exchanger material are 30.7 % and 6.9 % lower for the SIPF compared to the CPF. The experimental outcome was used to develop an empirical heat transfer correlation between Nusselt number, Rayleigh number, fin design and tube row number.
Keywords: Novel heat exchanger designs; Natural convection; Heat transfer performance; Additive Manufacturing; Integrated pin fin
Involved research facilities
- TOPFLOW Facility
Related publications
-
Natural convection heat transfer performance of additively manufactured tube …
ROBIS: 31011 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 31008) publication
-
Heat and Mass Transfer 57(2021), 1193-1203
DOI: 10.1007/s00231-020-03014-5
Cited 12 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31008
Ab initio simulation of warm dense matter
Bonitz, M.; Dornheim, T.; Moldabekov, Z. A.; Zhang, S.; Hamann, P.; Kählert, H.; Filinov, A.; Ramakrishna, K.; Vorberger, J.
Abstract
Warm dense matter (WDM) { an exotic state of highly compressed matter { has attracted high interest in recent years in astrophysics and for dense laboratory systems. At the same time, this state is extremely diffcult to treat theoretically. This is due to the simultaneous appearance of quantum degeneracy, Coulomb correlations and thermal effects, as well as the overlap of plasma and condensed phases. Recent breakthroughs are due to the successful application of density functional theory (DFT) methods which, however, often lack the necessary accuracy and predictive capability for WDM applications. The situation has changed with the availability of the first ab initio data for the exchange-correlation free energy of the warm dense uniform electron gas (UEG) that were obtained by quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations, for recent reviews, see Dornheim et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 056303 (2017) and Phys. Rep. 744, 1-86 (2018). In the present article we review recent further progress in QMC simulations of the warm dense UEG: namely, ab initio results for the static local field correction G(q) and for the dynamic structure factor S(q; w). These data are of key relevance for the comparison with x-ray scattering experiments at free electron laser facilities and for the improvement of theoretical models.
In the second part of this paper we discuss simulations of WDM out of equilibrium. The theoretical approaches include Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, quantum kinetic theory, timedependent DFT and hydrodynamics. Here we analyze strengths and limitations of these methods and argue that progress in WDM simulations will require a suitable combination of all methods. A particular role might be played by quantum hydrodynamics, and we concentrate on problems, recent progress, and possible improvements of this method.
Keywords: warm dense matter; first principle simulation; DFT; DFT-MD; TD-DFT; QHD; QMC; PIMC; XRTS; exchange; correlation; xc functional; response function
-
Physics of Plasmas 27(2020), 042710
DOI: 10.1063/1.5143225
Cited 127 times in Scopus
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31007
Gallium-68 Complex of a Macrobicyclic Cage Amine Chelator Tethered to Two Integrin-Targeting Peptides for Diagnostic Tumor Imaging
Ma, M.; Neels, O.; Denoyer, D.; Roselt, P.; Karas, J.; Scanlon, D.; White, J.; Hicks, R.; Donnelly, P.
Abstract
Tumor-targeting peptides radiolabeled with positron-emitting 68Ga are promising candidates as new noninvasive diagnostic agents for positron emission tomography (PET). The targeting peptides are tethered to a chelator that forms a stable coordination complex with Ga3+ that is inert to dissociation of Ga3+in vivo. Metal complexes of macrobicyclic hexaamine “sarcophagine” (sar = 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) ligands exhibit remarkable stability as a result of the encapsulating nature of the cage amine ligand. A Ga3+ sarcophagine complex, [Ga-(1-NH3-8-NH2-sar)]4+, has been characterized using X-ray crystallography, demonstrating that Ga3+ is coordinated to six nitrogen atoms in a distorted octahedral complex. A bifunctional derivative of (NH2)2sar, possessing two aliphatic linkers with carboxylic acid functional groups has been attached to two cyclic-RGD peptides that target the αvβ3 integrin receptor that is overexpressed in some types of tumor tissue. This dimeric species can be radiolabeled with 68Ga3+ in >98% radiochemical yield and 68Ga3+ does not dissociate from the ligand in the presence of transferrin, an endogenous protein with high affinity for Ga3+. Biodistribution and micro-PET imaging studies in tumor-bearing mice indicate that the tracer accumulates specifically in tumors with high integrin expression. The high tumor uptake is coupled with low nonspecific uptake and clearance predominantly through the kidneys resulting in high-quality PET images in animal models.
-
Bioconjugate Chemistry 22(2011), 2093-2103
DOI: 10.1021/bc200319q
Cited 50 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31006
Initiierung klinischer Multicenter-Studien mit lokaler Radiotracer-Herstellung
Zippel, C.; Neels, O.; Hennrich, U.; Giesel, F.; Kopka, K.
Abstract
Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, wesentliche gesetzliche und regulatorische Aspekte zu beleuchten, die bei multizentrischen klinischen Prüfungen mit kurzlebigen PSMA-PET-Radiopharmaka im Hinblick auf die Etablierung einer dezentralen Herstellung des klinischen Prüfpräparats zu beachten sind. Solche prospektiven Studien spielen in der nuklearmedizinischen Forschung und Entwicklung eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle. Um PSMA-PET-Tracer mit kurzer Halbwertzeit für die Prostatakrebsdiagnostik weiter im behördlichen Zulassungsverfahren und schließlich im Gesundheitssystem etablieren zu können, schließen sich nuklearmedizinische Zentren zunehmend standortübergreifend zusammen, um in angemessener Zeit hierfür die notwendige Anzahl von Studienpatienten zu erreichen. Im Folgenden gehen wir auf das regulatorische Umfeld zur Herstellung von PSMA-PET-Radiopharmaka als klinisches Prüfpräparat (engl. Investigational Medicinal Product, IMP) ein, und führen am Beispiel der frühen multizentrischen klinischen Prüfung der Phasen-I und -II „[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in high-risk Prostate Cancer“ wesentliche Aspekte an, die bei der Initiierung einer prospektiven Studie mit dezentraler PSMA-Tracer-Herstellung aus radiopharmazeutisch-organisatorischer Sicht zu berücksichtigen und im Vorfeld abzustimmen sind.
Keywords: Radiopharmaka-Herstellung; gute Herstellungspraxis; PSMA-Tracer; multizentrische Studie; prospektive klinische Prüfung; Qualitätsmanagement
-
Nuklearmedizin 58(2019), 77-85
DOI: 10.1055/a-0840-3133
Cited 4 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31005
Impact of 18F-PSMA-1007 Uptake in Prostate Cancer Using Different Peptide Concentrations: Preclinical PET/CT Study on Mice
Soeda, F.; Watabe, T.; Naka, S.; Liu, Y.; Horitsugi, G.; Neels, O.; Kopka, K.; Tatsumi, M.; Shimosegawa, E.; Giesel, F.; Hatazawa, J.
Abstract
PET radioligands with low molar activity (MA) may underestimate the quantity of the target of interest because of competitive binding of the target with unlabeled ligand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the whole-body distribution of 18F-PSMA-1007 targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) when solutions with different peptide concentrations are used. Methods: Mouse xenograft models of LNCaP (PSMA-positive prostate cancer) (n = 18) were prepared and divided into 3 groups according to the peptide concentration injected: a high-MA group (1,013 ± 146 GBq/μmol; n = 6), a medium-MA group (100.7 ± 23.1 GBq/μmol; n 5 6), and a low-MA group (10.80 ± 2.84 GBq/μmol; n = 6). Static PET scans were performed 1 h after injection (scan duration, 10 min). SUVmean in tumor and normal organs was compared by the multiple-comparison test. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were performed to confirm expression of PSMA in tumor, salivary gland, and kidney. Results: The low-MA group (SUVmean, 1.12 ± 0.30) showed significantly lower uptake of 18F-PSMA-1007 in tumor than did the high-MA group (1.97 ± 0.77) and the medium-MA group (1.81 ± 0.57). On the other hand, in salivary gland, both the low-MA group (SUVmean, 0.24 ± 0.04) and the medium-MA group (0.57 ± 0.08) showed significantly lower uptake than the high MA group (1.27 ± 0.28). The tumor-to-salivary gland SUVmean ratio was 1.73 ± 0.55 in the high-MA group, 3.16 ± 0.86 in the medium-MA group, and 4.78 ± 1.29 in the low-MA group. The immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis revealed significant overexpression of PSMA in tumor and low expression in salivary gland and kidney. Conclusion: A decrease in the MA level of the injected 18F-PSMA-1007 solution resulted in decreased uptake in tumor and, to a greater degree, in normal salivary gland. Thus, there is a possibility of minimizing the adverse effects in salivary gland by setting an appropriate MA level in PSMA targeting therapy.
Keywords: 18F-PSMA-1007; peptide concentration; molar activity; prostate cancer; salivary gland
-
Journal of Nuclear Medicine 60(2019), 1594-1599
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.223479
Cited 16 times in Scopus -
Lecture (Conference)
Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, October 13 – 17, 2018, Düsseldorf, Germany, 13.-17.10.2018, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4148-3
Cited 6 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31004
Production of Ga-68 radiotracers under GMP and regulatory aspects - a German perspective
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with the positron emitter Gallium-68 have had an enormous impact on the diagnostic imaging of neuroendocrine tumors using somatostatin receptor ligands and in recent years on the diagnosis of prostate cancer using PSMA ligands and subsequently their application for radioendotherapy using Yttrium-90, Lutetium-177 or more recently Actinium-225. The release of the monographs for ‘Gallium-68 chloride solution for radiolabelling’ and ‘Gallium-68 Edotreotide injection’ within the European Pharmacopoeia in 2013 tightened the requirements for specifications of Gallium-68 labelled radiotracers and will be enhanced with the ongoing elaboration of monographs for ‘Gallium-68 DOTA-TATE injection’, ‘Gallium-68 DOTA-NOC injection’ and ‘68Ga-PSMA’. In the same way the work environment of the responsible radiochemists and radiopharmacists in terms of quality control has been improved but also the workload has reached a high level with the increasing number of clinical applications and the limitation of the maximum achievable amount of starting activity from the currently available generators and therefore a limited dose number. The change of conditions for the production and quality control of Gallium-68 labelled radiopharmaceuticals will be reviewed with regards to legislating and practical aspects from ‘on bench’ to ‘full GMP’ preparation linked to the specific requirements for a multi-centre clinical trial using 68Ga-PSMA-11 in high-risk prostate cancer.
-
Invited lecture (Conferences)
4th Theranostics World Congress 2016, 07.-09.11.2016, Melbourne, Australia
DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.47.OC2
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31003
Thermal kinetics of free volume in porous spin-on dielectrics: exploring the network- and pore-properties
Elsherif, A. G. A.; Koehler, N.; Liedke, M. O.; Butterling, M.; Hirschmann, E.; Ecke, R.; Schulz, S. E.; Wagner, A.
Abstract
Data to ULK-kinetics by Positron annihilation spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Keywords: PALS; FTIR; ULK; Curing
Involved research facilities
- Radiation Source ELBE DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-58
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-58 is cited by this (Id 31002) publication
- DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110457 references this (Id 31002) publication
-
Thermal kinetics of free volume in porous spin-on dielectrics: exploring the …
ROBIS: 31402 has used this (Id 31002) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-11 Open access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.321
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.322
License: CC-BY-4.0
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31002
Manipulation of [11C]-5-Hydroxytryptophan and 6-[18F]Fluoro-3,4-Dihydroxy-L-Phenylalanine Accumulation in Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells
Neels, O.; Koopmans, K.; Jager, P.; Vercauteren, L.; van Waarde, A.; Doorduin, J.; Timmer-Bosscha, H.; Brouwers, A.; de Vries, E.; Dierckx, R.; Kema, I.; Elsinga, P.
Abstract
[11C]-5-Hydroxytryptophan ([11C]HTP) and 6-[18F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA) are used to image neuroendocrine tumors with positron emission tomography. The precise mechanism by which these tracers accumulate in tumor cells is unknown. We aimed to study tracer uptake via large amino acid transporters, peripheral decarboxylation (inhibited by carbidopa), and intracellular breakdown by monoamine oxidase (MAO). [11C]HTP and [18F]FDOPA tracer accumulation was assessed in a human neuroendocrine tumor cell line, BON. The carbidopa experiments were done in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Intracellular [11C]HTP accumulation was 2-fold higher than that of [18F]FDOPA. Cellular transport of both tracers was inhibited by amino-2-norbornanecarboxylic acid. The MAO inhibitors clorgyline and pargyline increased tracer accumulation in vitro. Carbidopa did not influence tracer accumulation in vitro but improved tumor imaging in vivo. Despite lower accumulation in vitro, visualization of [18F]FDOPA is superior to [11C]HTP in the neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor xenograft model. This could be a consequence of the serotonin saturation of BON cells in the in vivo model.
-
Cancer Research 68(2008), 7183-7190
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0095
Cited 53 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31001
Staging of carcinoid tumours with 18F-DOPA PET: a prospective, diagnostic accuracy study
Koopmans, K.; de Vries, E.; Kema, I.; Elsinga, P.; Neels, O.; Sluiter, W.; van der Horst-Schrivers, A.; Jager, P.
Abstract
To assess individual treatment options for patients with carcinoid tumours, accurate knowledge of tumour localisation is essential. We aimed to test the diagnostic sensitivity of 6-[fluoride-18]fluoro-levodopa (18F-DOPA PET), compared with conventional imaging methods, in patients with carcinoid tumours. In a prospective, single-centre, diagnostic accuracy study, 18F-DOPA PET with carbidopa pretreatment was compared with somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy (SRS), CT, and combined SRS and CT in 53 patients with a metastatic carcinoid tumour. The performance of all imaging methods was analysed for individual patients, for eight body regions, and for the detection of individual lesions. PET and CT images were fused to improve localisation. To produce a composite reference standard, we used cytological and histological findings; all imaging tests, including secondary assessments for newly found lesions; follow-up; and biochemical data. Sensitivities were calculated and compared. In patient-based analysis, we recorded sensitivities of 100% (95% CI 93-100) for 18F-DOPA-PET, 92% (82-98) for SRS, 87% (75-95) for CT, and 96% (87-100) for combined SRS and CT (p=0.45 for 18F-DOPA PET vs combined SRS and CT). However, 18F-DOPA PET detected more lesions, more positive regions, and more lesions per region than combined SRS and CT. In region-based analysis, sensitivity of 18F-DOPA PET was 95% (90-98) versus 66% (57-74) for SRS, 57% (48-66) for CT, and 79% (70-86) for combined SRS and CT (p=0.0001, PET vs combined SRS and CT). In individual-lesion analysis, corresponding sensitivities were 96% (95-98), 46% (43-50), 54% (51-58), and 65% (62-69; p<0.0001 for PET vs combined SRS and CT). If the improved tumour localisation seen with 18F-DOPA-PET compared with conventional imaging is confirmed in future studies, this imaging method could replace use of SRS, help improve prediction of prognosis, and be used to assess patients' response to treatment for carcinoid tumours.
-
Lancet Oncology 7(2006), 728-734
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70801-4
Cited 216 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-31000
Improved Staging of Patients With Carcinoid and Islet Cell Tumors With 18F-Dihydroxy-Phenyl-Alanine and 11C-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan Positron Emission Tomography
Koopmans, K.; Neels, O.; Kema, I.; Elsinga, P.; Sluiter, W.; Vanghillewe, K.; Brouwers, A.; Jager, P.; de Vries, E.
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate and compare diagnostic sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in carcinoid and islet cell tumor patients with a serotonin and a catecholamine precursor as tracers.
Patients and Methods
Carcinoid (n = 24) or pancreatic islet cell tumor (n = 23) patients with at least one lesion on
conventional imaging including somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and computed tomography (CT) scan underwent 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan (11C-5-HTP) PET and 6-[F-18]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanin (18F-DOPA) PET. PET findings were compared with a composite reference standard derived from all available imaging along with clinical and cytologic/histologic information.
Results
In carcinoid tumor patients, per-patient analysis showed sensitivities for 11C-5-HTP PET, 18F-DOPA PET, SRS, and CT of 100%, 96%, 86%, 96%, respectively, and in islet cell tumors of 100%, 89%, 78%, 87%, respectively. In carcinoid patients, per-lesion analysis revealed sensitivities for 11C-5-HTP PET, 11C-5-HTP PET/CT, 18F-DOPA PET, 18F-DOPA PET/CT, SRS, SRS/CT, and CT alone of, respectively, 78%, 89%, 87%, 98%, 49%, 73%, and 63% and in islet cell tumors of 67%, 96%, 41%, 80%, 46%, 77%, and 68%, respectively. In all carcinoid patients 18F-DOPA PET and 11C-5-HTP PET detected more lesions than SRS (P < .001). 11C-5-HTP PET was superior to 18F-DOPA PET in islet cell tumors (P < .0001). In all cases, CT improved the sensitivity of the nuclear scans.
Conclusion
18F-DOPA PET/CT is the optimal imaging modality for staging in carcinoid patients and 11C-5-HTP PET/CT in islet cell tumor patients.
-
Journal of Clinical Oncology 26(2008), 1489-1495
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.1126
Cited 203 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30999
Molecular imaging in neuroendocrine tumors: Molecular uptake mechanisms and clinical results
Koopmans, K.; Neels, O.; Kema, I.; Elsinga, P.; Links, T.; de Vries, E.; Jager, P.
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors can originate almost everywhere in the body and consist of a great variety of subtypes. This paper focuses on molecular imaging methods using nuclear medicine techniques in neuroendocrine tumors, coupling molecular uptake mechanisms ofradiotracers with clinical results. A non-systematic review is presented on receptor based and metabolic imaging methods. Receptor-based imaging covers the molecular backgrounds of somatostatin, vaso-intestinal peptide (VIP), bombesin and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors and their link with nuclear imaging. Imaging methods based on specific metabolic properties include meta-iodo-benzylguanide (MIBG) and dimercapto-sulphuric acid (DMSA-V) scintigraphy as well as more modern positron emission tomography (PET)-based methods using radio-labeled analogues of amino acids, glucose, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine and tryptophan. Diagnostic sensitivities are presented for each imaging method and for each neuroendocrine tumor subtype. Finally, a Forest plot analysis of diagnostic performance is presented for each tumor type in order to provide a comprehensive overview for clinical use.
Keywords: Neuroendocrine tumors; Review; Diagnostic imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use; Positron emission tomography; Gamma camera imaging
-
Critical Reviews in Oncology / Hematology 71(2009), 199-213
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.02.009
Cited 132 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30998
Requirements and complexity: interprofessional cooperation within a prospective multicenter clinical trial using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 - The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) experience
Neels, O.; Zippel, C.; Biedenstein, S.; Giesel, F.; Kopka, K.
Abstract
Aim/Introduction:
Prospective clinical trials are initiated within the field of nuclear medicine to translate the most promising radioligands into clinical routine [1]. A close cooperation and communication between experts from different fields is necessary for the efficiency and efficacy of the clinical trial which can then have a positive impact on the timely start of recruitment and subsequent patient inclusions [2].
Materials and Methods:
Given the exemplary phase 1/2 multi-center clinical trial ,,Ga-68-PSMA-11 in high-risk Prostate Cancer“ (NCT03362359) [3], we demonstrate how professions from clinical research, drug manufacturing and administration can be involved in the planning, preparation and realisation of prospective clinical trials in nuclear medicine. Organisational measures are derived to support the interprofessional cooperation within diagnostic prospective multicenter clinical trials.
Results:
Besides nuclear medicine physicians, urologists and pathologists, other professions like technicians and technologists (nuclear medicine, biology, chemistry), study nurses, radiochemists/-pharmacists and nursing staff are involved in the clinical setting. In addition, radiation safety officers, quality manager, clinical monitors, lawyers, data protection officers, project managers and study coordinators are embedded in the setting of in total eleven study sites in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Conclusion:
Interprofessional cooperation is of great importance for high-quality work in health care and re-search in general, as well as the accomplishment of prospective clinical trials in nuclear medicine in particular. Readiness to put oneself in the position of other professions, cooperation under no professional constraints, adequate time for mutual exchange, the ability and skills for interprofessional project management and an integral view on the required expertise by strengthening overall communication skills are required in particular on senior management level.
References:
1. Zippel C, Ronski SC, Bohnet-Joschko S, Giesel FL, Kopka K. Current Status of PSMA-Radiotracers for Prostate Cancer: Data Analysis of Prospective Trials Listed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;13.doi:10.3390/ph13010012.
2. Reeves S, Pelone F, Harrison R, Goldman J, Zwarenstein M. Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2017;6:Cd000072. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000072.pub3.
3. Neels O, Zippel C, Giesel F, Kopka K. Initiation Of A Prospective Clinical Multicentre Trial With Local Production Of A Short-Lived PSMA-PET-Radiopharmaceutical In The D-A-CH-Region: Chances And Experiences. Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine October 12 - 16, 2019. 2019;46:S732. doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04486-2.
-
Poster
(Online presentation)
EANM 2020 - Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, 17.-21.10.2020, Wien, Österreich
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04988-4
Cited 6 times in Scopus -
Abstract in refereed journal
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 47(2020)Suppl. 1, S597-S598
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04988-4
Cited 6 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30997
The static local field correction of the warm dense electron gas: An ab initio path integral Monte Carlo study and machine learning representation
Dornheim, T.; Vorberger, J.; Groth, S.; Hoffmann, N.; Moldabekov, Z.; Bonitz, M.
Abstract
The response of the uniform electron gas (UEG) to an external perturbation is of paramount importance for many applications. Recently, highly accurate results for the static density response function and the corresponding local field correction have been provided both for warm dense matter [J. Chem. Phys. 151, 194 104 (2019)] and strongly coupled electron liquid [Phys. Rev. B 101, 045 129 (2020)] conditions based on exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations. In the present work, we further complete our current description of the UEG by exploring the high energy density regime, which is relevant for, e.g. astrophysical applications and inertial confinement fusion experiments. To this end, we present extensive new PIMC results for the static density response in the range of 0.05 ≤ r s ≤ 0.5 and 0.85 ≤ θ ≤ 8.
These data are subsequently used to benchmark the accuracy of the widely used random phase approximation and the dielectric theory by Singwi, Tosi, Land, and Sjölander (STLS). Moreover, we compare our results to configuration PIMC data where they are available and find perfect agreement with a relative accuracy of 0.001 − 0.01%. All PIMC data are available online.
Keywords: uniform electron gas; path integral monte carlo; density response
-
Journal of Chemical Physics 151(2019), 194104
DOI: 10.1063/1.5123013
Cited 68 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30996
Development of an Ionization Chamber for the Measurement of the 16O(n, alpha)13C Cross-Section at the CERN n_TOF Facility.
Urlaß, S.; Junghans, A.; Mingrone, F.; Hartmann, A.; Sobiella, M.; Stach, D.; Tassan-Got, L.; Weinberger, D.
Abstract
The 16O(n, alpha)13 C reaction, as the inverse reaction of the astrophysically important 13C(alpha, n)16O reaction, is proposed to be measured at the neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) facility of CERN. To this purpose, a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber (DFGIC) containing the oxygen atoms as a component in the counting gas has been developed and a prototype was constructed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(HZDR), in Germany. The first in-beam tests of the detector have been performed in November 2017 in the first (EAR1) and in April 2018 in the second (EAR2) experimental areas of the nTOF facility.
Keywords: NIC2018; oxygen; n_alpha; 16O; O-16
-
Contribution to proceedings
15th International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos, 24.-29.06.2018, Assergi, Italien
Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos: Springer Proceedings in Physics, 978-3-030-13875-2, 457-460
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13876-9_89
Cited 1 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30995
Measurement of the 16O(n, alpha)13C cross-section using a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber.
Urlaß, S.; Beyer, R.; Hammer, S.; Hartmann, A.; Junghans, A.; Kögler, T.; Lutz, B.; Mingrone, F.; Müller, S.; Römer, K.; Scheibler, D.; Stach, D.; Szücs, T.; Tassan-Got, L.; Turkat, S.; Wagner, A.; Weinberger, D.
Abstract
The 16O(n,alpha)13C reaction was proposed to be measured at the neutron time-of-flight (n_TOF) facility of CERN. To this purpose, a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber (DFGIC) containing the oxygen atoms as a component in the counting gas coupled with a switch device in order to prevent the charge collection from the so-called gamma-flash has been developed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), in Germany.
The first 16O(n, alpha)13C measurement without seeing the charge of the γ-flash at n_TOF has been performed in November 2018. After the electronics did not suffer from the gamma-flash any more, another huge charge collection was discovered. Due to the high instantaneous flux at the n_TOF facility the amount of that induced charge from neutron induced background reactions was piling up so much that the recognition of 16O(n, alpha)13C reactions from that background was very difficult. For that reason another 16O(n, alpha)13C measurement at the time-of-flight facility nELBE at HZDR which has a low instantaneous flux, has been performed in April 2019. Both measurements from n_TOF and nELBE will be presented here.
Keywords: n_TOF; nELBE; ND2019; n_alpha; oxygen; 16O; O-16
Involved research facilities
- Radiation Source ELBE DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-58
Related publications
- DOI: 10.17815/jlsrf-2-58 is cited by this (Id 30994) publication
-
European Physical Journal Web of Conferences 239(2020), 01030
DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023901030
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30994
Evaluation of response by FDG-PET/CT and diffusion weighted MRI after radiochemotherapy of pancreatic cancer – a non-randomized, monocentric phase II clinical trial – PaCa-DD-041 (Eudra-CT 2009-011968-11)
Zimmermann, C.; Distler, M.; Jentsch, C.; Blum, S.; Folprecht, G.; Zöphel, K.; Polster, H.; Troost, E. G. C.; Abolmaali, N.; Weitz, J.; Baumann, M.; Saeger, H.; Grützmann, R.
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a five-year survival rate of 20-25%. As approximately only 20% of the patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are initially staged as resectable, it is necessary to evaluate new therapeutic approaches. Hence neoadjuvant (radio)chemotherapy is a promising therapeutic option, especially in patients with a borderline resectable tumor. The aim of this non-randomized, monocentric, prospective, phase II clinical study was to assess the prognostic value of functional imaging techniques, i.e., [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), prior to and during neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy.
Methods
Patients with histologically proven resectable, borderline resectable or irresectable non-metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma received induction chemotherapy followed by a neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Patients underwent FDG-PET/CT and DW-MRI including T1- and T2-weighted sequences prior to and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as following induction radiochemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of the response as quantified by the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) measured with (FDG-PET). Response to treatment was evaluated by FDG-PET and DW-MRI during and after the neoadjuvant course. Morphologic staging was done using contrast-enhanced CT and contrast enhanced MRI to decide inclusion of patients and resectability after neoadjuvant therapy. In those patients undergoing subsequent surgery, imaging findings were correlated with those of the pathologic resection specimen.
Results
A total of 25 patients were enrolled in the study. The response rate measured by FDG-PET was 85% with a statistically significant decrease of the maximal Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) during therapy (p <0.001). Using the mean ADC, response was not detectable with DW-MRI. After neoadjuvant treatment 16 patients underwent surgery. In 12 (48%) patients a tumor resection could be performed. The median overall survival of all patients was 25 months (range: 7 – 38 months).
Conclusion
Based on these limited patient numbers, we could show that this trial design is feasible and that the neoadjuvant therapy regime was well tolerated. To evaluate the response to the combined therapy, FDG-PET/CT may be a reliable method. In contrast, the evaluation of the response using mean the mean ADC, DW-MRI did not show conclusive results.
-
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 197(2021), 19-26
Online First (2020) DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01654-4
Cited 28 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30993
PIMC data for the uniform electron gas in the high energy density regime
Dornheim, T.; Groth, S.
Researcher: Moldabekov, Zhandos; Researcher: Vorberger, Jan
Abstract
PIMC data for the static density response obtained by Dornheim et al. (Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab8bb4). These data can be freely used by other researchers and contain a README file with additional information.
Keywords: Path integral Monte Carlo; uniform electron gas
Related publications
- DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab8bb4 is supplemented by this (Id 30992) publication
- DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab8bb4 references this (Id 30992) publication
-
Ab initio path integral Monte Carlo simulation of the uniform electron gas in …
ROBIS: 30990 has used this (Id 30992) publication of HZDR-primary research data
-
Reseach data in the HZDR data repository RODARE
Publication date: 2020-05-08 Open access
DOI: 10.14278/rodare.317
Versions: 10.14278/rodare.318
License: CC-BY-4.0
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30992
Dose dependent cerebellar atrophy in glioma patients after radio(chemo)therapy
Raschke, F.; Seidlitz, A.; Wesemann, T.; Löck, S.; Jentsch, C.; Platzek, I.; Petr, J.; van den Hoff, J.; Kotzerke, J.; Beuthien-Baumann, B.; Baumann, M.; Linn, J.; Krause, M.; Troost, E. G. C.
Abstract
Background and purpose:
Radiotherapy is a standard treatment option for high-grade gliomas. Cognitive impairment is a side effect associated with radiotherapy particularly in long-term survivors. Recent findings suggest involvement of the cerebellum in cognitive function. The goal of this study was therefore to investigate dose dependent cerebellar atrophy using prospective, longitudinal MR data from adult glioma patients who received radiotherapy.
Materials and methods:
Cerebellar volumes were measured using T1-weighted MR images from 91 glioma patients before radiotherapy and every three months thereafter. We calculated the average cerebellar volume change per year per Gy, based on the mean cerebellar dose, using linear regression analysis. Subsequently, patient age was investigated as a confounding factor using multiple linear regression analysis. The impact of chemotherapy was assessed separately in a subgroup of patients receiving a cerebellar dose ≤ 1 Gy. Cerebellar mean dose and cerebellar volume changes were compared between patients treated with proton (N = 38) and photon therapy (N = 52).
Results:
Cerebellar volume decreased 2.4 % per 10 Gy per year (p < 0.001). The cerebellar volume loss was progressive over time without signs of recovery within the observational period of two years. Neither patient age (p = 0.27) nor chemotherapy (p = 0.43) had a significant impact on cerebellar atrophy. Compared to patients treated with photons, the cerebellar dose was significantly lower in patients treated with proton therapy (p < 0.001, r = 0.62) which also translated to a significantly lower cerebellar volume reduction per year (p = 0.016, r = 0.25).
Conclusion:
Cerebellar volume decreased significantly and irreversibly after radiotherapy as function of time and dose. Further work is now needed to correlate these results with cognitive function and motor performance.
Keywords: cerebellum; radiotherapy; atrophy; volume; proton therapy
-
Radiotherapy and Oncology 150(2020), 262-267
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.07.044
Cited 13 times in Scopus -
Lecture (Conference)
MRinRT 2021, 19.-21.04.2021, Heidelberg, BRD
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30991
Ab initio path integral Monte Carlo simulation of the uniform electron gas in the high energy density regime
Dornheim, T.; Moldabekov, Z.; Vorberger, J.; Groth, S.
Abstract
The response of the uniform electron gas (UEG) to an external perturbation is of paramount importance for many applications. Recently, highly accurate results for the static density response function and the corresponding local field correction have been provided both for warm dense matter [J. Chem. Phys.151,194104 (2019)] and strongly coupled electron liquid [Phys. Rev. B101, 045129 (2020)] conditions based on exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations. In the present work, we further complete our current description of the UEG by exploring the high energy density regime, which is relevant for, e.g., astrophysical applications and inertial confinement fusion experiments. To this end, we present extensive new PIMC results for the static density response in the range of 0.05≤rs≤0.5 and 0.85≤θ≤8. These data are subsequently used to benchmark the accuracy of the widely used random phase approximation and the dielectric theory by Singwi, Tosi, Land, and Sjölander (STLS). Moreover, we compare our results to configuration PIMC data where they are available and find perfect agreement with a relative accuracy of 0.001−0.01%. All PIMC data are available online.
Keywords: Uniform Electron Gas; Path Integral Monte Carlo; Density Response
Related publications
-
PIMC data for the uniform electron gas in the high energy density regime
ROBIS: 30992 HZDR-primary research data are used by this (Id 30990) publication
-
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 62(2020), 075003
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab8bb4
Cited 29 times in Scopus
Downloads
- Final Draft PDF 927 kB Secondary publication
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30990
The baryon density of the Universe from an improved rate of deuterium burning
Mossa, V.; Stöckel, K.; Cavanna, F.; Ferraro, F.; Aliotta, M.; Barile, F.; Bemmerer, D.; Best, A.; Boeltzig, A.; Broggini, C.; Bruno, C. G.; Caciolli, A.; Chillery, T.; Ciani, G. F.; Corvisiero, P.; Csedreki, L.; Davinson, T.; Depalo, R.; Di Leva, A.; Elekes, Z.; Fiore, E. M.; Formicola, A.; Fülöp, Z.; Gervino, G.; Guglielmetti, A.; Gustavino, C.; Gyürky, G.; Kievsky, A.; Imbriani, G.; Junker, M.; Kochanek, I.; Lugaro, M.; Marcucci, L. E.; Mangano, G.; Marigo, P.; Masha, E.; Menegazzo, R.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paticchio, V.; Perrino, R.; Piatti, D.; Pisanti, O.; Prati, P.; Schiavulli, L.; Straniero, O.; Szücs, T.; Takacs, M. P.; Trezzi, D.; Viviani, M.; Zavatarelli, S.
Abstract
Light elements were produced in the first few minutes of the Universe through a sequence of nuclear reactions known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Among the light elements produced during BBN, deuterium is an excellent indicator of cosmological parameters because its abundance is highly sensitive to the primordial baryon density and also depends on the number of neutrino species permeating the early Universe. Although astronomical observations of primordial deuterium abundance have reached percent accuracy3, theoretical predictions based on BBN are hampered by large uncertainties on the cross-section of the deuterium burning D(p,γ)3He reaction. Here we show that our improved cross-sections of this reaction lead to BBN estimates of the baryon density at the 1.6 percent level, in excellent agreement with a recent analysis of the cosmic microwave background7. Improved cross-section data were obtained by exploiting the negligible cosmic-ray background deep underground at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy)8,9. We bombarded a high-purity deuterium gas target with an intense proton beam from the LUNA 400-kilovolt accelerator11 and detected the γ-rays from the nuclear reaction under study with a high-purity germanium detector. Our experimental results settle the most uncertain nuclear physics input to BBN calculations and substantially improve the reliability of using primordial abundances to probe the physics of the early Universe.
Related publications
-
LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics): A Long Success Story …
ROBIS: 35934 cites this (Id 30989) publication
-
Nature 587(2020), 210-213
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2878-4
Cited 104 times in Scopus
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30989
Setup commissioning for an improved measurement of the D(p,gamma)3He cross section at Big Bang Nucleosynthesis energies
Mossa, V.; Stöckel, K.; Cavanna, F.; Ferraro, F.; Aliotta, M.; Barile, F.; Bemmerer, D.; Best, A.; Boeltzig, A.; Broggini, C.; Bruno, C. G.; Caciolli, A.; Csedreki, L.; Chillery, T.; Ciani, G. F.; Corvisiero, P.; Davinson, T.; Depalo, R.; Di Leva, A.; Elekes, Z.; Fiore, E. M.; Formicola, A.; Fülöp, Z.; Gervino, G.; Guglielmetti, A.; Gustavino, C.; Gyürky, G.; Imbriani, G.; Junker, M.; Kochanek, I.; Lugaro, M.; Marcucci, L. E.; Marigo, P.; Masha, E.; Menegazzo, R.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paticchio, V.; Perrino, R.; Piatti, D.; Prati, P.; Schiavulli, L.; Straniero, O.; Szücs, T.; Takacs, M. P.; Trezzi, D.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zorzi, G.
Abstract
Among the reactions involved in the production and destruction of deuterium during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the deuterium-burning D(p,γ)3He reaction has the largest uncertainty and limits the pre- cision of theoretical estimates of primordial deuterium abundance. Here we report the results of a careful commissioning of the experimental setup used to measure the cross-section of the D(p,γ)3He reaction at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics of the Gran Sasso Laboratory (Italy). The commis- sioning was aimed at minimising all sources of systematic uncertainty in the measured cross sections. The overall systematic error achieved (< 3%) will enable improved predictions of BBN deuterium abundance.
Related publications
-
LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics): A Long Success Story …
ROBIS: 35934 cites this (Id 30987) publication
-
European Physical Journal A 56(2020)5, 144
DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00149-1
Cited 24 times in Scopus -
Contribution to WWW
ArXiV Preprint-Server: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00002
Downloads
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30987
ISO proposal: Measurement of Fluid Flow Rate in Closed Conduits – Radioactive Tracer Methods
Jentsch, T.; Thereska, J.; Brisset, P.; Jin, J. H.; Yunos, M. A. S. M.; Masinza, S. A.; Affum, H. A.
Abstract
Radioactive tracer methods are very competitive and sometimes unique for online measurement of flow rate in single phase flows flowing inside closed conduits. Radioactive tracer methods are already well accepted from industrial end users and established in routine service worldwide.
ISO standards are basic elements of quality control and accreditation for recognition and cooperation in national and international market. There have been proposed several ISO standards dealing with radioactive tracer methods for measurement of water and gas flows in closed conduits during last five decades:
ISO 2975/VII Measurement of water flow in closed conduits -Tracer methods: Transit time method using radioactive tracers
ISO 4053 Measurement of gas flow in conduits -Tracer methods
The ISO standards ISO2975 and ISO4053 issued in 1975-1977 addressed radioactive tracer methods respectively for water and gas flows. The ISO2975 is limited to water phase only, while ISO4053 dealt with gas phase, was withdrawn in 2001 leaving a void on this subject. The proposed ISO standard will replace both of them.
This ISO proposal defines the use of radioactive tracer methods in the measurement of single-phase fluid (gas or liquid) flows in closed conduits. This method of measurement is applicable only to single-phase homogeneous fluid mixtures. This ISO proposal is developed to fill the need for a generalized reference based on fundamental principles to measure fluid flow using radioactive tracer methods. It defines the terms and principles needed for intelligent consideration of radioactive tracer methods for any single-phase fluid flow flowing in closed circuits.
Experts from different countries – so called P member states of ISO TC30 SC5 – will discuss the ISO proposal, and finalize it as new international standard in this field in coming years.
Keywords: ISO standard; radioactive tracer; radiotracer; measurement; fluid flow rate; closed conduits
-
Lecture (Conference)
NUTECH-2020, 04.-07.10.2020, Warszawa, Polska
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30984
Development of a reliable remote-controlled synthesis of β-[11C]-5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan on a Zymark robotic system
Neels, O.; Jager, P.; Koopmans, K.; Eriks, E.; de Vries, E.; Kema, I.; Elsinga, P.
Abstract
Precise staging of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) using positron emission tomography (PET) tracers visualizing their specific metabolic activity is of interest. Besides [18F]FDOPA, staging NET with carbon-11 labeled 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is reported in recent literature. We implemented the multi-enzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure [11C]-L-5-HTP on a Zymark robotic system to compare both tracers in patient studies. [11C]-5-HTP can be synthesized in up to 24% radiochemical yields (EOB). Average specific activity is 44 000GBq/mmol in ca. 50 min from [11C]methyl iodide in radiochemical purities >99 %. The synthesis of 5-HTP is difficult due to its multi-enzymatic reaction steps but typical yields can be achieved of ca. 400 MBq. [11C]-5-HTP is now reliably used in ongoing studies for staging NET.
Keywords: [11C]-5-HTP; neuroendocrine tumors; robot; carbon-11; enzyme
-
Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 49(2006)10, 889-895
DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1110
Cited 21 times in Scopus
Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-30982
Years: 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Pages: [1.] [2.] [3.] [4.] [5.] [6.] [7.] [8.] [9.] [10.] [11.] [12.] [13.] [14.] [15.] [16.] [17.] [18.] [19.] [20.] [21.] [22.] [23.] [24.] [25.] [26.] [27.] [28.] [29.] [30.] [31.] [32.] [33.] [34.] [35.] [36.] [37.] [38.] [39.] [40.] [41.] [42.] [43.] [44.] [45.] [46.] [47.] [48.] [49.] [50.] [51.] [52.] [53.] [54.] [55.] [56.] [57.] [58.] [59.] [60.] [61.] [62.] [63.] [64.] [65.] [66.] [67.] [68.] [69.] [70.] [71.] [72.] [73.] [74.] [75.] [76.] [77.] [78.] [79.] [80.] [81.] [82.] [83.] [84.] [85.] [86.] [87.] [88.] [89.] [90.] [91.] [92.] [93.] [94.] [95.] [96.] [97.] [98.] [99.] [100.] [101.] [102.] [103.] [104.] [105.] [106.] [107.] [108.] [109.] [110.] [111.] [112.] [113.] [114.] [115.] [116.] [117.] [118.] [119.] [120.] [121.] [122.] [123.] [124.] [125.] [126.] [127.] [128.] [129.] [130.] [131.] [132.] [133.] [134.] [135.] [136.] [137.] [138.] [139.] [140.] [141.] [142.] [143.] [144.] [145.] [146.] [147.] [148.] [149.] [150.] [151.] [152.] [153.] [154.] [155.] [156.] [157.] [158.] [159.] [160.] [161.] [162.] [163.] [164.] [165.] [166.] [167.] [168.] [169.] [170.] [171.] [172.] [173.] [174.] [175.] [176.] [177.] [178.] [179.] [180.] [181.] [182.] [183.] [184.] [185.] [186.] [187.] [188.] [189.] [190.] [191.] [192.] [193.] [194.] [195.] [196.] [197.] [198.] [199.] [200.] [201.] [202.] [203.] [204.] [205.] [206.] [207.] [208.] [209.] [210.] [211.] [212.] [213.] [214.] [215.] [216.] [217.] [218.] [219.] [220.] [221.] [222.] [223.] [224.] [225.] [226.] [227.] [228.] [229.] [230.] [231.] [232.] [233.] [234.] [235.] [236.] [237.] [238.] [239.] [240.] [241.] [242.] [243.] [244.] [245.] [246.] [247.] [248.] [249.] [250.] [251.] [252.] [253.] [254.] [255.] [256.] [257.] [258.] [259.] [260.] [261.] [262.] [263.] [264.] [265.] [266.] [267.] [268.] [269.] [270.] [271.] [272.] [273.] [274.] [275.] [276.] [277.] [278.] [279.] [280.] [281.] [282.] [283.] [284.] [285.] [286.] [287.] [288.] [289.] [290.] [291.] [292.] [293.] [294.] [295.] [296.] [297.] [298.] [299.] [300.] [301.] [302.] [303.] [304.] [305.] [306.] [307.] [308.] [309.] [310.] [311.] [312.] [313.] [314.] [315.] [316.] [317.] [318.] [319.] [320.] [321.] [322.] [323.] [324.] [325.] [326.] [327.] [328.] [329.] [330.] [331.] [332.] [333.] [334.] [335.] [336.] [337.] [338.] [339.] [340.] [341.] [342.] [343.] [344.] [345.] [346.] [347.] [348.] [349.] [350.] [351.] [352.] [353.] [354.] [355.]