Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

"Online First" included
Approved and published publications
Only approved publications

41397 Publications

Field induced phases in UPtSi2

Schulze Grachtrup, D.; Süllow, S.; Bleckmann, M.; Willenberg, B.; Mydosh, J.; Skourski, Y.; Rakoto, H.; Bartkowiak, M.; Sheikin, I.

Tetragonal UPtSi2 has recently been characterized as moderately mass enhanced antiferromagnetic compound, which in various physical properties and in low magnetic fields reveals a resemblance to URuSi2 [1-3]. In contrast to URuSi2 with the order parameter still unknown, UPtSi2 was shown to order antiferromagnetically below TN = 32 K in zero magnetic field [1]. Here, we present an extensive study of the behaviour of UPtSi2 in high magnetic fields. We have examined single crystalline UPtSi2 with resistivity and magnetization measurements in pulsed and static magnetic fields up to 50 T. Initially, and as it is typical for antiferromagnets, in these measurements we find the antiferromagnetic phase transition at TN = 32 K in zero field to shift downwards with increasing field for both crystallographic axes. However, below ~15 K and for magnetic fields B parallel to the a axis we see this transition to split up, forming a new and distinct high field phase between ~38 T and 45 T. Similarly, with the magnetic field applied parallel to the c axis we also find a splitting resulting in a new high field phase between 24 T and 31 T. Moreover, below 5 K our measurements along c axis show even more structure, indicating the presence of at least one more high field phase between 29 T and 33 T. Altogether, our data reveal a rich high field magnetic phase diagram, which closely resembles the observations made for URuSi2 [4]

  • Poster
    RHMF 09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13050
Publ.-Id: 13050


Porous steel surfaces produced by plasma immersion ion implantation

Shevchenko, N.; Kolitsch, A.

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) using helium or argon plasmas has been employed for porous layers creation on metal surfaces. These void structures may show unique characteristics which offer potential for medical applications such as metal-based drug-eluting stents. The paper addresses the influence of implantation parameters on surface morphology, cavity characteristics and mechanical properties of stainless steel stents. Argon and/or helium PIII processing of stainless steel samples has been performed at ion energies ranging from 5 to 35 keV, ion fluence of more than 1e17 cm-2, and substrate temperature in the range 50 – 400°C. Scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis have been employed for sample characterization. Argon PIII treatment at elevated temperatures of 200 – 350°C leads to spongy structure formation of a size of 1-2 micron. Helium implantation results in a surface roughening and creation of voids in high concentration with size in the range 300 – 500 nm as well as nano-scale cavities (5-50 nm). So, varying the ion species (helium or argon), ion energy and fluence, and substrate temperature has been found to produce either void or sponge like structures at the nano- (~10 nm) to micro-scale (~1 micron). The best mechanical properties have been obtained in the stainless steel samples implanted at elevated temperature (higher than 250°C). Surface flaking and cracks formation have been greatly reduced by subsequent post-implantation annealing at temperatures of 600 – 800°C.

Keywords: Plasma immersion ion implantation; porous layers; stainless steel; structure

  • Poster
    International Conference on Physical Mesomechanics and Computer-Aided Design and Development of Advanced Materials, 08.-11.09.2009, Tomsk, Russia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13049
Publ.-Id: 13049


Aluminum incorporation in Ti1-xAlxN films studied by x-ray absorption near-edge structure

Gago, R.; Redondo-Cubero, A.; Endrino, J. L.; Jimenez, I.; Shevchenko, N.

The local bonding structure of titanium aluminum nitride (Ti1-xAlxN) films grown by dc magnetron cosputtering with different AlN molar fractions (x) has been studied by x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) recorded in total electron yield mode. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) shows the formation of a ternary solid solution with cubic structure (c-Ti1-xAlxN) that shrinks with the incorporation of Al and that, above a solubility limit of x similar to 0.7, segregation of w-AlN and c-Ti1-xAlxN phases occurs. The Al incorporation in the cubic structure and lattice shrinkage can also be observed using XANES spectral features. However, contrary to GIXRD, direct evidence of w-AlN formation is not observed, suggesting a dominance and surface enrichment of cubic environments. For x>0.7, XANES shows the formation of Ti-Al bonds, which could be related to the segregation of w-AlN. This study shows the relevance of local-order information to assess the atomic structure of Ti1-xAlxN solutions.

Keywords: local bonding structure; Ti1-xAlxN; XANES; GIXRD

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13048
Publ.-Id: 13048


[Ni(phen)(fum)]: an S = 1 two-dimensional quantum magnet

Orendacova, A.; Cizmar, E.; Pavlova, A.; Kajnakova, M.; Uhlarz, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Orendac, M.; Cernak, J.; Feher, A.

[Ni(phen)(fum)] comprises of weakly bound covalent-layers containing Ni(II) ions forming a spatially anisotropic square lattice with pronounced intradimer exchange coupling. Susceptibility studies performed from 1.8 to 300 K revealed significant differences between field and zero-field cooling below 10 K suggesting the presence of easy-axis anisotropy. Specific heat, investigated in zero magnetic field from 0.3 to 20 K, did not reveal any lambda-like anomaly only a tiny hump was observed at about 1.2 K. The amount of magnetic entropy removed down to 1.2 K supports the notion of magnetic low dimensionality. The specific-heat data are dominated by a round anomaly at 4.2 K which was analyzed within limiting models of a paramagnet with E/D = 0.27 and D/kB = -13.4 K and antiferromagnetic S = 1 dimers with D/J = -0.8 and D/kB = -5.3 K. The analysis indicates the importance of introducing an interdimer coupling responsible for the formation of magnetic order on the square lattice.

  • Poster
    ICM 2009 (The International Conference on Magnetism), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13047
Publ.-Id: 13047


Slow spin relaxation in the Heisenberg antiferromagnet Gd2(fum)3(H2O)4·3H2O induced by magnetic field

Sedlakova, L.; Orendac, M.; Cizmar, E.; Orendacova, A.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Gao, S.

The spin relaxation of Gd2(fum)3(H2O)4·3H2O, an S = 7/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet was investigated by ac-susceptibility measurements at temperatures from 2 to 30 K, frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, and magnetic fields up to 3 T. It was found, that the magnetic field induces thermally activated relaxation over an energy barrier EB/kB approx 55 K. Subsequent investigation of the specific heat, magnetic entropy, magnetization, and shape of the electron-spin-resonance line yielded consistent values of the g-factor g = 2.0, single-ion anisotropy D/kB approx 0.23 K, and exchange interaction J/kB approx 0.12 K. The knowledge of these characteristic parameters allows to discuss the origin of the observed relaxation behavior. In particular, resonance trapping of low-energy phonons, recently proposed in Ni10 magnetic molecules [1] will be considered.

  • Poster
    ICM 2009 (The International Conference on Magnetism), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13046
Publ.-Id: 13046


ESR Study of the Spin-Ladder Compound (C5H12N)2CuBr4

Cizmar, E.; Ozerov, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Thielemann, B.; Rüegg, C.; Klanjsek, M.; Horvatic, M.; Berthier, C.

A systematic multi-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) study of the spin-ladder material (C5H12N)2CuBr4 (known as BPCB) and its deuterated analog have been performed at temperatures down to 1.3 K in magnetic fields up to 16 T. The energy gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum at k = 0, Delta/kB = 16.45 K, was observed directly, confirming the existence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in this compound. A small (» 140 mK) splitting between the levels of the excited spin-triplet confirmed the presence of a weak interladder coupling. The temperature evolution of the ESR excitation spectrum in BPCB revealed its very unusual behavior, whose origin is discussed.

  • Poster
    ICM 2009 (The International Conference on Magnetism), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13045
Publ.-Id: 13045


The Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD), a User Facility for Advanced Pulsed-Field Experiments

Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Zvyagin, S.

Since 2007, the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory operates as a user facility, providing unique experimental capabilities in pulsed fields. The HLD offers a variety of measurement techniques, such as electrical transport, magnetization, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance. A particular feature of the laboratory is the next-door free-electron-laser installation used for high-field infrared spectroscopy, cyclotron and electron spin resonance (ESR) in pulsed fields. Additionally, experimental techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and calorimetry are being adapted for their use in pulsed magnetic fields. The HLD maintains design programs for pulsed-power supplies and pulsed magnets focusing on the development of benchmark equipment for scientific and industrial use as well. Recently, the HLD has reached magnetic fields of up to 87 T. This field range is accessible now for experiments in advanced materials research. Several 60 T and 70 T magnets are regularly used by in-house and external users as well. A two-coil 100 T prototype and a long-pulse (1000 ms) 60 T magnet are ready for their first tests. The HLD participates in the EuroMagNET II program, a coordinated research initiative which supports users of European high-magnetic field installations. The in-house research program of the FZD is dedicated to electronically correlated systems, comprising material classes such as heavy-fermion compounds, novel and high-Tc superconductors, confined metallic nanostructures and low-dimensional spin systems as well.

  • Poster
    RHMF 09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13044
Publ.-Id: 13044


Quantum oscillations in the superconducting state of LuNi2B2C

Bergk, B.; Ignatchik, O.; Maniv, T.; Zhuravlev, V.; Canfield, P.; Wosnitza, J.

We have studied the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect of the borocarbide superconductor LuNi2B2C both in the normal and in the superconducting state by use of the field-modulation method at high magnetic fields up to 15 T and at low temperatures down to 0.5 K. Starting in the normal state we were able to observe dHvA oscillations deep inside the superconducting state with only a minor additional damping of the oscillation amplitudes. Only close to the upper critical field we find a slightly stronger damping. However, in this region we also observe a strong peak effect which hampers the analysis and complicates the interpretation. We compare our results with recent theories and discuss the possibilities of determining the magnetic-field-dependent gap for different bands with this method. Nevertheless, the apparent correlation between the occurence of the peak effect and the extra damping might be attributet to suppression of vortex-lattice order associated with the enhanced flux-line pinning in this region.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13043
Publ.-Id: 13043


Sound-Wave Anomalies in UCuGe

Yasin, S.; Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Andreev, A.

The hexagonal compound UCuGe is an antiferromagnet (AFM) with TN = 48 K. In this study we report on results of sound-velocity and sound-attenuation measurements performed on a single crystal of UCuGe at different frequencies, in the temperature range 1.3 K > T > 295 K, and in a magnetic fields up to 18 T applied along the c axis (hard axis). The temperature dependences of the sound velocity and attenuation display a pronounced anomaly at TN suggesting a large magnetoelastic coupling. A double-peak structure is observed in the sound velocity at TN which might be due to frustration. In the paramagnetic state (T > TN), both acoustic characteristics show large frequency-dependent changes revealing the presence of unusual relaxation processes. No hysteresis in the field dependence of the sound velocity in the AFM state is observed confirming that the compound UCuGe has a single-domain state.

  • Poster
    ICM 09 (International Conference On Magnetism 2009), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13041
Publ.-Id: 13041


Infrared spectroscopy of La2-xEuxCuO4

Pronin, A. V.; Lobo, R. P. S. M.; Wosnitza, J.; Tsukada, A.; Naito, M.

We report on measurements of the complex conductivity of LaEuCu-oxide super-conductors in a wide frequency range (10 - 50000 cm-1) and for temperatures 4 K < T < 300 K. High-quality films on transparent substrates have been used for the investigations. We discuss the temperature and frequency behavior of the complex conductivity for several samples with different Eu concentrations.

  • Poster
    ICM 09 (International Conference On Magnetism 2009), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13040
Publ.-Id: 13040


Fractional chain-end effects in quasi-one-dimensional S = 1 material NTNB: electron spin resonance studies

Ozerov, M.; Kamenskyi, D.; Cizmar, E.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Long, V. C.; Willet, R. D.

We report on X-band electron spin resonance studies (ESR) of the quasi-one-dimensional anisotropic S = 1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet compound Ni(tn)2NO2BF4 (or NTNB for short). The presence of interacting S = 1/2 chain-end states is clearly observed in the ESR spectra even in nominally pure samples, visible as a g ~ 2 main peak with several satellites. The data are analyzed in the frame of the theory proposed by Batista et al. [Phys. Rev. B 60, R12533 (1999)]. The ESR angular dependence revealed a pronounced anisotropy, whose origin can be explained assuming the presence of the field-induced staggered magnetization.

  • Poster
    ICM 09 (International Conference on Magnetism 2009), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13039
Publ.-Id: 13039


High-field ESR and magnetization study of [Cu(pyz)2(HF2)]PF6: an S = 1/2 quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg magnet

Cizmar, E.; Ozerov, M.; Skourski, Y.; Beyer, R.; Uhlarz, M.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Schlueter, J. A.; Manson, J. L.; Wosnitza, J.

Electron spin resonance and magnetization studies of the quasi-two-dimensional spin system [Cu(pyz)2(HF2)]PF6 have been performed in static and pulsed magnetic fields up to 50 T. It is argued that the magnetization is governed by the two-dimensional nature of spin correlations due to the large anisotropy of the exchange couplings (J_perp/J = 0.01, where J is the in-plane and J_perp is the interlayer exchange parameters). The magnetization saturates at the critical fields 37.1 T and 34.3 T for magnetic field applied perpendicular and parallel to the direction, respectively. The frequency-field diagram of the magnetic excitations changes dramatically below the Néel temperature (TN = 4.38 K). Our observation reveals an easy-plane type of the magnetic anisotropy. The exchange field (HE = 18.5 T) and out-of-plane anisotropy field (HA = 0.05 T) were calculated using a mean-field-theory approximation.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13038
Publ.-Id: 13038


Superconducting Phase Diagram of Rh17S15

Uhlarz, M.; Ignatchik, O.; Wosnitza, J.; Naren, H. R.; Thamizhavel, A.; Ramakrishnan, S.

Rh17S15 (Miasite) is a 4d-electron metal which displays superconductivity below Tc = 5.4 K at zero field, with an upper critical field value Bc2 = 19.2 T at T = 0.07 K. Above Tc, Rh17S15 is a paramagnet. The crystallographic structure (Pm3m) of Rh17S15 features a nearest-neighbor Rh-Rh distance even less than in elementary (fcc) Rh, resulting in a high density of 4d-electron states at the Fermi level [1]. In our contribution, we report on measurements of the specific-heat and resistivity in fields up to 14 T and of the magnetic susceptibility in fields up to 20 T of a polycrystalline sample of Rh17S15. Our data allow us to map out the complete superconducting phase diagram. The existence of narrow 4d band states (and thus of strong electronic correlations that seem not to provide magnetic correlations) is supported by the found moderately high electronic contribution to the specific-heat of about 100 mJ/molK2 and favors the existence of a strong superconducting interaction. Together with the remarkably high upper critical field (exceeding the Pauli limit by a factor of two), these facts make Rh17S15 a likely candidate for unconventional superconductivity.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13037
Publ.-Id: 13037


Superconductivity in Ga-doped Germanium

Skrotzki, R.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Heera, V.; Ignatchik, O.; Uhlarz, M.; Mücklich, A.; Posselt, M.; Reuther, H.; Schmidt, B.; Heinig, K.-H.; Skorupa, W.; Voelskow, M.; Wündisch, C.; Helm, M.; Wosnitza, J.

We report the first observation of superconductivity in heavily p-type doped germanium at ambient pressure conditions. Using Ga as dopant, we have produced a series of Ge:Ga samples by ion-beam implantation and subsequent short-term (msec) flash-lamp annealing. The combination of these techniques allows for Ga concentrations up to 6 %, i.e., a doping level which is clearly larger than the solubility limit and not accessible to any other method so far. Transport measurements reveal superconducting transitions with Tc up to 0.5 K. In more detail, we observe a strong dependence of the superconducting critical parameters on the annealing conditions. Further, we find a strong anisotropy of the superconducting critical field reflecting the two-dimensional character of the superconducting state in the ~ 60 nm thin Ge:Ga layer. We find critical magnetic in-plane fields following a linear temperature dependence up to a maximum field which is even larger than the Pauli-Clogston limit. Ge:Ga appears to be a superconductor in the extreme type-II limit with a very small Cooper-pair density. After its finding in Si [1] and diamond [2], our work reports another unexpected observation of superconductivity in doped elemental semiconductors.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13036
Publ.-Id: 13036


de Haas-van Alphen study of the mixed-valence compound YbCoIn5

Polyakov, A.; Ignatchik, O.; Bianchi, A.; Prevost, B.; Seyfarth, G.; Fisk, Z.; Hurt, D.; Goodrich, R. G.; Wosnitza, J.

The interplay between conduction and localized electrons in mixed-valence materials has received great attention and remain to be a hot topic. The de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) technique in combination with band-structure calculations is one of the best methods to investigate the multiband Fermi surfaces inherently present in these compounds. Here, we present a dHvA study of the nonmagnetic mixed-valence compound YbCoIn5. This material has the same crystal structure as the heavy-fermion superconductors CeCoIn5 and CeIrIn5 [1,2]. Our dHvA measurements thus allow a comparative investigation of the electronic properties of these highly interesting isostructural compounds. The dHvA signal was measured by use of a capacitive torque cantilever in a He3 cryostat in fields up to 13 T as well as in a dilution refrigerator down to 20 mK and up to 18 T. A number of different dHvA branches could be resolved. Besides their angular dependence, we as well determined the effective masses of the different bands by following the temperature-dependent amplitude change of the dHvA oscillations. In contrast to the heavy fermions CeCoIn5 and CeIrIn5, the effective masses for YbCoIn5 are in the range from 0.7 to 2.0 m0.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13035
Publ.-Id: 13035


Specific heat of the highly anisotropic antiferromagnet [Cu(pyz)2(HF2)]PF6

Beyer, R.; Uhlarz, M.; Schlueter, J. A.; Manson, J.; Wosnitza, J.

The metal-organic compound [Cu(pyz)2(HF2)]X with X = PF6 exhibits a quasi-cubic lattice of copper ions (S = ½), but the magnetic properties show a predominantly two-dimensional (2D) nature due to a large anisotropy in the exchange couplings. The magnetic entropy and the antiferromagnetic ordering, eventually occurring at about 4 K, were investigated by specific-heat measurements. For this we established a continuous relaxation-time technique, using a single relaxation process to get specific-heat data over a wide temperature range. The calorimetric investigations, performed between 2 and 100 K and in magnetic fields up to 14 T, have revealed a non-monotonic field dependence of the ordering temperature. The results are as expected from the model for an S = ½ two-dimensional square-lattice quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet with an additional weak interlayer exchange (via Cu-F-H-F-Cu bonds). In comparison to the X = BF4 compound, the antiferromagnetically ordered phase extends into much higher temperatures. In a more detailed analysis, we can extract all exchange interactions with an interlayer coupling ten times higher than in X = BF4. Thus, the 2D character is significantly reduced in X = PF6.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13034
Publ.-Id: 13034


Upper critical fields and magnetic phase diagram of F-doped LaFeAsO

Jun Sung, K.; Kremer, R.; Bartkowiak, M.; Wosnitza, J.

The high-Tc superconductivity in ReFeAsO1−xFx (Re=Rare earths) with a maximum Tc of about 55 K has attracted great interest. LaFeAsO1−xFx is the first-discovered superconducting compound in this class of materials, and has been intensively studied so far. We have performed resistivity measurements on polycrystalline samples of LaFeAsO1−xFx with different Tc’s and obtained the superconducting-to-normal state transition at various temperatures with 60 T pulsed magnetic fields. At the normal state, the under-doped samples show a positive magnetoresistivity ~ 30% at 60 T while for the optimally-doped sample, the magnetoresitivity effect is almost negligible. In the superconducting state, the magnetoresistance shows a broad transition, which is often observed in polycrystalline samples consisting of randomly oriented anisotropic grains. The temperature dependence of Hc2 (T) for all LaFeAsO1−xFx samples with different Tc’s do not follow the conventional Werthammer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) behavior, and shows an almost linear temperature dependence down to ~ 0.1 Tc. A strong deviation of Hc2 (T) from the WHH prediction will be discussed in terms of a multiband effect and a Pauli paramagnetic limiting effect.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research in High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13033
Publ.-Id: 13033


Untersuchungen zu Redoxprozessen von Uran in Mischkulturbiofilmen und spektroskopische Verifizierung von ultradünnen Mineralüberzügen auf „Depleted Uranium“ mit Laser- Fluoreszenz- Techniken

Arnold, T.; Großmann, K.; Baumann, N.

Particles of U(V) and U(VI) were observed in vivo in a living multispecies biofilm by a combined laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) approach. The fluorescent uranium particles were located at the bottom and at the edges of biofilms colonies and ranged in size from up to 20 µm in length to 7 µm in width. Laser fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to identify these uranium particles. They showed either a characteristic fluorescence spectrum in the wavelength range of 415-475 nm, indicative for U(V), or in the range of 480-560 nm, which is typical for U(VI). The particles of U(V) as well as U(VI) were simultaneously observed in the biofilms. For U(VI) the particles were attributed to biologically mediated precipitation and for U(V) to redox processes taking place within the biofilm. The detection of U(V) in a living multispecies biofilm was interpreted as a short-lived intermediate of the U(VI) to U(IV) redox reaction. The presence of U(V) clearly shows that the U(VI) reduction is not a two electron step but that only one electron is involved.
LIFS was also applied to study the alteration of a depleted uranium (DU) disk in contact with synthetic pore water. The pore water used was a calcium phosphate solution (2.5 × 10-3 M Ca, 1 × 10-3 M P) and should mimic fertilized agricultural soil. The storage of the DU disk in calcium phosphate solution for 12 month led to the formation of a thin film of a secondary uranium mineral on the metallic DU. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) was applied to spectroscopically characterise the reaction product. TRLFS provided its unequivocal identification as meta-autunite based on the positions of the fluorescence emission maxima at 487.8, 502.0, 523.6, 547.0, 572.1, and 600.6 nm and fluorescence lifetimes of 410 ± 15 and 3300 ± 310 ns. These results highlight the enhanced performance and sensitivity of the TRLFS technique for mineralogical characterization of thin surface films. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the dissolution of uranium from DU projectiles under the conditions described here is limited by the development and solubility of a meta-autunite secondary phase.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    15. Tagung Festkoerperanalytik, 12.-16.07.09, Chemnitz, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13031
Publ.-Id: 13031


Wear-resistant Ti–B–N nanocomposite coatings synthesized by reactive cathodic arc evaporation

Neidhardt, J.; Czigány, Z.; Sartory, B.; Tessadri, R.; Mitterer, C.

Wear-resistant Ti–B–N coatings have been deposited by reactive arc evaporation of Ti–TiB2 compound cathodes in a commercial Oerlikon Balzers Rapid Coating System. Owing to the strong non-equilibrium conditions of the deposition method, a TiN–TiBx phase mixture is observed at low N2 partial pressures, as determined by elastic recoil detection analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The indicated formation of a metastable solid solution of B in face-centered cubic TiN gives rise to a maximum in hardness (>40 GPa) and wear resistance on the expense of increased compressive stresses. A further saturation of the nitrogen content results in the formation of a TiN–BN nanocomposite, where the BN phase fraction was tailored by the target composition (Ti/B ratio of 5/3 and 5/1). However, the amorphous nature of the BN phase does not support self-lubricious properties, showing friction coefficients of 0.7 ± 0.1 against alumina. The effect of an increased bias voltage on structure and morphology was investigated from -20 to -140 V and the thermal stability assessed in Ar and air by simultaneous thermal analysis up to 1400 °C.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13030
Publ.-Id: 13030


First Hexanuclear U(IV) and Th(IV) Formate Complexes - Structure and Stability Range in Aqueous Solution

Takao, S.; Takao, K.; Kraus, W.; Emmerling, F.; Scheinost, A. C.; Bernhard, G.; Hennig, C.

The actinide(IV) hexanuclear M6(mu3-O(H))8(HCOO)12(LT)6 complexes were prepared (LT = H2O or CH3OH). HCOO- acts as a bridging ligand, which prevents formation of polynuclear hydrolysis species of U(IV) hydrous oxide colloids at least until pH 3.25, and stabilizes the nano-sized clusters in solution. The charge of the hexamer is balanced by the O/OH ratio of the mu3-bridges.

Keywords: actinides; polynuclear species; formic acid; solution; XAFS

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13029
Publ.-Id: 13029


Superconducting phase diagram of Sm-based oxy-pnictide single crystals at high magnetic fields

Bartkowiak, M.; Lee, H.-S.; Park, J.-H.; Lee, J.-Y.; Kim, J.-Y.; Sung, N.-H.; Cho, B. K.; Kim, J. S.; Lee, H.-J.

The recently discovered class of high Tc superconducting pnictides has led to very intense research efforts over the last year. Despite the efforts, there is still no consensus about such fundamental problems as the gap symmetry or the pairing mechanism. Measurements of the critical field Bc2 can help to find an answer. In practice, accurate measurements of Bc2 near the zero temperature limit are often hampered by the large critical fields, which promotes these systems as good candidates for high field experiments. One method to obtain Bc2 is by measuring electric transport in magnetic fields. So far, most studies of this kind are performed on polycrystaline samples where the interpretation of the resistance curves is not straightforward and assumptions about the anisotropy are based on the width of the transition. We present transport measurements of Bc2 in fields up to 60 T on single crystals of F-doped SmFeAs(O,F) and oxygen-deficient SmFeAsO1-δ. From the measurements for different orientations we were able to extract the anisotropy in the upper critical field, which show a significant temperature-dependence below Tc. We compare our results with data obtained on polycrystaline samples and discuss our data in terms of superconducting gap symmetries

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13028
Publ.-Id: 13028


High magnetic field elastic properties of CdCr2O4

Zherlitsyn, S.; Chiatti, O.; Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Bhattacharjee, S.; Moessner, R.; Zhitomirsky, M. E.; Lemmens, P.; Tsurkan, V.; Loidl, A.

CdCr2O4 is a geometrically frustrated Heisenberg "pyrochlore" magnet with an incommensurate antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering below TN = 7.8 K. At low temperatures a metamagnetic phase transition at 28 T in this compound is followed by a very wide magnetization plateau with one half of the full moment of S = 3/2 Cr3+ (three spins up and one spin down); the fully polarized state appears above approximately 90 T. Because of the strong spin-lattice coupling some magnetic phase transitions in CdCr2O4 are accompanied by structural distortions. Such spin-lattice coupling can be especially well investigated by ultrasound techniques. We have performed ultrasonic experiments on a high-quality CdCr2O4 single crystal at low temperatures and in pulsed magnetic fields up to 64 T. In our experiments, a longitudinal acoustic mode propagates along the [111] crystallographic direction and the magnetic field is applied in the same direction. A hysteretic minimum followed by a jump in the sound velocity and a peak in the attenuation are observed at 28 T for temperatures below the AF phase transition. An abrupt softening of the acoustic mode is detected at 59 T, where the magnetization plateau terminates. The above-mentioned anomalies get smoother at higher temperatures. The observed behavior of the acoustic characteristics demonstrates a crucial role of the spin-lattice coupling, which leads to lattice instabilities in this geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet in applied magnetic field. Our experimental results will be discussed in the framework of recent theories. Specifically, we construct a simple model, which gives quantitative description of the temperature
variations of the sound velocity in the vicinity of zero-field transition.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13027
Publ.-Id: 13027


Magneto-acoustic properties of UCuGe

Yasin, S.; Andreev, A. V.; Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.

The hexagonal intermetallic compound UCuGe is an antiferromagnet with TN = 48 K. In magnetic fields of 38 – 45 T, applied along the hexagonal c axis, a spin-flop phase transition in this compound has been observed at 4.2 K [1]. We report on sound-velocity and sound-attenuation results obtained on a UCuGe single crystal at different frequencies. Thereby, a longitudinal ultrasonic wave was propagated along the [001] direction with static (up to 18 T) and pulsed (up to 57 T) magnetic fields applied along the same direction. The temperature dependences of the sound velocity and of the attenuation display a pronounced anomaly at TN, which is evidence for a strong magneto-elastic interaction. The pulse-field measurements at 4.2 K show a minimum in the sound velocity followed by a jump-like anomaly at 37 T, and another kink-like anomaly at 45-46 T. These anomalies are clearly connected with known field-induced spin re-arrangements and can be attributed to the symmetry changes at the start and end of the spin-flop transition. In the paramagnetic state (T > TN), the temperature dependences for both acoustic characteristics show large frequency-dependent changes. The observed linear frequency dependence of these changes reveals the presence of unusual relaxation processes. The origin of these anomalies will be discussed.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13026
Publ.-Id: 13026


Terahertz spectroscopy of superconductors in high magnetic fields

Pronin, A. V.; Fischer, T.; Wosnitza, J.; Pimenov, A.; Loidl, A.; Tsukada, A.; Naito, M.

We report on measurements of the complex conductivity of cuprate superconductors at terahertz frequencies in fields up to 10 T. High-quality films of La2-xCexCuO4 and La2-xEuxCuO4 with different doping levels on transparent substrates have been used for our investigations. The measurements have been performed in the transmission mode. We discuss the behavior of the complex conductivity as a function of temperature, frequency, and magnetic field. We have found a small but distinctive optical magnetoresistance. We also realized some signatures of the pseudogap in the terahertz spectral range in magnetic field.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13025
Publ.-Id: 13025


Magneto-acoustic Faraday rotation in Tb3Ga5O12

Sytcheva, A.; Yasin, S.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Lüthi, B.; Löw, U.; Goto, T.; Wyder, P.

We report on observation of the magneto-acoustic Faraday effect in paramagnetic Tb3Ga5O12 (TGG). This effect is the acoustic analog of the magneto-optical Faraday rotation. In cubic crystals, such as TGG, the two transverse sound waves propagating along the [100] direction are doubly degenerated. The magnetic field applied along the propagation direction breaks the time-reversal invariance and, therefore, lifts the degeneracy and induces a polarization rotation. This can be detected in the sound attenuation as oscillations as function of magnetic field, where each period corresponds to a polarization rotation of pi. Here, we present magneto-acoustic measurements performed at T = 1.4 K in fields up to 20 T in the frequency, f, range from 30 to 330 MHz. Indeed, we observed oscillations in the sound attenuation due to the Faraday effect. Theoretical studies predict an f2 dependence of the Faraday rotation [1], whereas we observe a linear dependence. Such behavior has also been reported for CeAl2 in the paramagnetic phase [2]. We observed a softening of the sound velocity with increasing field with a minimum at about 19 T. At the same field the attenuation oscillations cease. These results can be attributed to a crystal-field level crossing. With the appropriate choice of crystal-field parameters an effective theory predicts this level crossing to occur at ~20 T. Taking the magneto-elastic interaction into account, the theory reproduces the qualitative features of our data.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13024
Publ.-Id: 13024


Acoustic study of the low-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet Cs2CuCl4

Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Zvyagin, A. A.; Chiatti, O.; Coldea, R.

We report on results of acoustic measurements in the triangular-lattice low-dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnet (AFM) Cs2CuCl4 (TN = 0.6 K) at high magnetic fields. At low temperature, the magnetic ordering in this compound has been the subject of intensive experimental and theoretical studies. This is caused by the possible occurrence of a Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons in the AFM phase and the proximity to a spin-liquid state beyond it. The Cu2+ in Cs2CuCl4 are arranged in planar triangular lattices within the bc plane. The magnetic inter-plane interaction along the a axis is much weaker than the in-plane interaction. Therefore, the material can be regarded as magnetically low dimensional. We measured the sound velocity and attenuation of the longitudinal acoustic c22 mode, i.e., the sound wave propagating along the b axis, in fields up to 15 T applied along the same direction and for temperatures between 0.3 and 7 K. We found that below 1.5 K this mode softens with increasing magnetic field, whereas in the vicinity of the critical field, at about 8.9 T, the sound velocity increases again. Near this field, the sound attenuation attains a maximum and both acoustic characteristics depend strongly on frequency. We analyzed our results in the framework of an effective quantum theory based on the exchange-striction coupling. The theoretical results agree qualitatively with our data.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13023
Publ.-Id: 13023


High-field magnetization of the Ho2Fe17 single crystals

Skourski, Y.; Kuzmin, M. D.; Skokov, K.; Andreev, A. V.; Wosnitza, J.

Most of the modern permanent magnet materials are based on the combination of a 3d transition metal (T) and a rare earth (R). The inter-sublattice exchange field binds the high magnetic moment of the former with the high anisotropy of the latter, either ferri- or ferromagnetically. Applying high external magnetic field one can break down the ferrimagnetic ground state and drive the system towards ferromagnetic order via a non-collinear intermediate phases. This manifests itself in peculiarities of the magnetization curve. In some cases the value of the exchange field can be extracted form those experiments [1, 2]. Here we report on a magnetization measurement on single crystals of Ho2Fe17 in the fields up to 60 Tesla. Magnetization measured in the basal plane shows jumps. The highest one, measured along [100] is observed at about 55 Tesla . Considering that both R and T moments rotation is constrained within the basal plane we describe observed curve shape.

  • Poster
    RHMF09 (Research In High Magnetic Fields 2009), 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13022
Publ.-Id: 13022


Influence of air entrainment on the liquid flow field caused by a plunging jet

Krepper, E.; Alt, S.; Renger, S.

Plunging jets play an important role in nuclear reactor safety research. In the actual paper the case of the strainer clogging issue is considered. During a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) insulation debris might be released near the break. Fractions of the released insulation debris can be transported into the reactor sump, where it may perturb/impinge on the emergency core cooling systems. According to the considered scenario, the water ejected by the anticipated break falls several meters on to the sump water surface. On its way, the jet is mixed with air. Furthermore, air bubbles are entrained by the impinging jet. The entrained gaseous bubbles will rise and have an additional influence on the flow field. The jet-induced flow into the sump will sensitively influence the fiber transport.
In the CFD calculations presented in the paper the consequences of the entrained air on the liquid flow field, on the fibre deposition and on the temperature mixing are investigated and compared to experiments.

Keywords: fibres; experiments; cfd; multiphase flow

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2009, 14.-17.09.2009, Bled, Slovenia
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2009, 14.-17.09.2009, Bled, Slovenia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13021
Publ.-Id: 13021


Investigation of defects in nitrogen implanted n-type ZnO by capacitance spectroscopy and simultaneous optical excitation

Schmidt, M.; Ellguth, M.; Lüder, T.; von Wenckstern, H.; Pickenhain, R.; Grundmann, M.; Brauer, G.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.

  • Poster
    25th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-25), 20.-24.07.2009, Petersburg, Russia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13020
Publ.-Id: 13020


Characterization of single ZnO nanorods by conductive atomic force microscopy

Beinik, I.; Teichert, C.; Brauer, G.; Anwand, W.; Chen, X.; Hsu, Y. F.; Djurisic, A. B.

  • Poster
    International Symposium Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials (PFM-2009), 23.-27.06.2009, Aveíro, Portugal

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13019
Publ.-Id: 13019


Electroluminescence, charge trapping and quenching in Eu implantes SiO2-Si structures

Tyagulskiy, S.; Tyagulskyy, I.; Nazarov, A.; Lysenko, V.; Rebohle, L.; Lehmann, J.; Skorupa, W.

This paper reports an analysis of the electroluminescence (EL) spectra changing, charge trapping and EL quenching during operation of the multicolor Eu implanted metal-oxide-silicon light-emitting devices (MOSLEDs). The nature of the changing of the light-emitting color in the MOSLED is discussed. It is shown that the EL life time of the Eu implanted MOSLED is considerably longer than that of high-efficiency MOSLEDs with Tb and Ge implanted oxide. It is demonstrated that a reduced EL intensity, enhanced negative charge trapping and a good EL stability are associated with enhanced clustering in the Eu implanted oxide during high-temperature furnace annealing. The comparison with the operation of the MOSLED fabricated by using the flash lamp annealing technique is performed.

Keywords: Silicon dioxide; Europium; Electroluminescence

  • Microelectronic Engineering 86(2009)7-9, 1954-1956

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13018
Publ.-Id: 13018


Pulsed field facility in Dresden: Magnet technology and some recent ultrasonic results

Zherlitsyn, S.

The Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD) is a user facility which provides external users with the possibility of performing diverse experiments in pulsed magnetic field. Various experimental techniques, such as electrical transport, magnetization, ultrasound and magnetic-resonance measurements are available or are under installation at the HLD [1]. A particular feature of the laboratory is a nearby free-electron laser facility which enables high-field infrared spectroscopy in pulsed magnetic fields.
A 50 MJ modular capacitor bank with a maximum charging voltage of 24 kV is used to energize the pulsed magnets at the HLD. At present, a variety of pulsed magnets are in operation in the laboratory. I report on current status of the pulsed magnet program and recent progress at the HLD. I consider various issues of design, fabrication, and performance of the non-destructive pulsed magnets. Further magnet-technology developments and the route to 100 T are discussed.
In the second part of my talk I will present some ultrasonic results obtained at the HLD. This includes a magneto-acoustic study of the quantum S = 1 spin-chain magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 (DTN) near the quantum critical points and some recent ultrasonic results for CdCr2O4, a geometrically frustrated magnet with a metamagnetic phase transition at 28 T followed by a very wide magnetization plateau with one half of the full moment of S = 3/2 Cr3+. I discuss a possible application of the infrared radiation produced by next-door free electron lasers for photoacoustic spectroscopy.

  • Lecture (others)
    Einladung an das NHMFL Los Alamos, 22.-26.04.2009, Los Alamos, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13017
Publ.-Id: 13017


Influence of Annealing on Mn Implanted GaAs Films

Bürger, D.; Zhou, S.; Grenzer, J.; Reuther, H.; Anwand, W.; Pandey, M.; Gottschalch, V.; Helm, M.; Schmidt, H.

Magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures are very promising materials for spintronic applications. An approach to fabricate GaMnAs is the Mn-implantation of GaAs followed by pulsed laser annealing (PLA) [1,2]. We investigated the influence of the Mn concentration and PLA conditions, e.g. number of laser pulses, on the structural and magnetic properties of (001)-oriented GaMnAs. Results from heatflow calculations helped us to understand the PLA process. Using SQUID magnetometry, we reveal a strong decrease of the saturation magnetization with increasing number of laser pulses. Zero field cooled/ field cooled measurements were performed to investigate the magnetization of the annealed GaMnAs layer. We found a spontaneous magnetization below the Tc and a large out-of- plane anisotropy. HR-XRD measurements revealed a lattice expansion normal to the surface after implantation. In dependence on the number of pulses, PLA decreases the strain (1 pulse) or overcompensates the strain (10 and 100 pulses). We conclude that Mn-implantation into GaAs followed by 1 laser pulse allows for the fabrication of strongly anisotropic, diluted magnetic GaMnAs. The drawback of the Mn-implantation is the loss of As from the GaAs surface as detected by means of Auger electron spectroscopy. Co-implantation with suitable elements is a possible approach to countervail the magnetic properties of annealed GaMnAs.

[1] M. A. Scarpulla, O. D. Dubon, K. M. Yu, O. Monteiro, M. R. Pillai, M. J. Aziz, and
M. C. Ridgway, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1251 (2003).

[2] M. A. Scarpulla, R. Farshchi, P. R. Stone, R. V. Chopdekar, K. M. Yu, Y. Suzuki, and
O. D. Dubon, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 073913 (2008).

Keywords: diluted magnetic semiconductor; ferromagnetism; pulsed laser annealing

  • Poster
    Fifth International School and Conference on Spintronics and Quantum Information Technology, 07.-11.07.2009, Kraków, Poland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13016
Publ.-Id: 13016


CFD Modellierung einer partikelbelasteten Kühlmittelströmung im Sumpf und in der Kondensationskammer

Krepper, E.; Cartland-Glover, G.; Grahn, A.

Der Bericht beschreibt die Arbeiten zur CFD-Modellentwicklung zur Beschreibung des Fasertransportes in einer Wasserströmung, die im Unterauftrag der Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz erfolgten. Während die experimentellen Arbeiten zu dieser Thematik in Zittau durchgeführt wurden, lag der Schwerpunkt der theoretischen Arbeiten in Rossendorf.
Im Arbeitspunkt EZ 1 des Projektantrages ist die Erweiterung der Einzeleffektuntersuchungen vorgesehen. Die entsprechenden Modellansätze zum Partikeltransport sind im Kapitel 3.1. beschrieben. Die Modellanpassung und Validierung ist in 3.2 und 3.3 dargestellt.
Der Fasertransport in einer Wasserströmung wird durch Jet-Phänomene bestimmt. Untersuchungen dazu sind im EZ3.1 des Projektantrages: „3D-Phänomene infolge Blasenmitriss“ vorgesehen und die Modellansätze und der Vergleich zu Experimenten in den Kapiteln 4.1 bis 4.3 dargestellt. Des Weiteren wird der Einfluss auf den Ausgleich der Temperatur für den Fall untersucht, dass der Jet kälter als die Wasservorlage im Tank ist. Dieser Abschnitt entspricht damit der EZ3.2 des Antrages: „3D-Phänomene infolge Temperaturdifferenzen“. Im Kapitel 4.4 wird auf die Strömungsvorgänge in der Zittauer Strömungswanne eingegangen und damit der Punkt EZ4 des Antrages: „Integraluntersuchungen“ bearbeitet.
Kapitel 5 beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Sieb-Modells, das die Faser-Kompaktierung berücksichtigt und auf der Darcy-Gleichung basiert. Die Modellparameter werden an Experimenten in Zittau justiert. Diese Experimente wurden für verschiedene Materialien durchgeführt und mit deren Hilfe ein Koeffizientenkatalog erstellt. Das Modell wurde in den CFD-Code CFX implementiert und anhand einiger Anwendungsbeispiele demonstriert.

Keywords: CFD; fibres; water flow; sedimentation; agglomeration; strainer

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZD-521 2009
    ISSN: 1437-322X

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13015
Publ.-Id: 13015


Dilution of Mn in Ge: the evidence from samples’ electrical and magneto-transport properties

Zhou, S.; Buerger, D.; Heera, V.; Potzger, K.; Fassbender, J.; Helm, M.; Schmidt, H.

The investigation of Mn in Ge was motivated by its potential application as spintronics material. Recently various groups realized that two phases of Mn in Ge:Mn, prepared by ion implantation and MBE [1], coexist: diluted Mn ions and a Mn-rich secondary phase. Usually the Mn-rich secondary phase is believed to be responsible for the observed ferromagnetism. In this contribution, we provide direct evidence for the dilution of Mn in Ge by electrical and magneto-transport investigation. Mn ions were implanted into semi-insulating Ge wafers. We observed p-type conductivity in the implanted surface layer with the thermal activation energy similar to that of heavily doped Ge [2]. The observed anomalous Hall effect (AHE) cannot be explained by the presence of Mn5Ge3 clusters, since the AHE does not mimic the hysteresis of magnetic moments probed by SQUID. We propose that the dilution of Mn in Ge results in a large spin-splitting of the valence band, however the concentration of diluted Mn is not large enough to develop ferromagnetic coupling. [1] Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 061907 (2006); Phys. Rev. B 77, 045203 (2008). [2] Phys. Rev. 100, 659 (1955), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 177203 (2003).

  • Poster
    International Conference on Magnetism, 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13014
Publ.-Id: 13014


The Mobilization of Actinides by Microbial Ligands Taking into Consideration the Final Storage of Nuclear Waste - Interactions of Selected Actinides U(VI), Cm(III), and Np(V) with Pyoverdins Secreted by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Related Model Compounds (Final Report BMBF Project No.: 02E9985)

Moll, H.; Glorius, M.; Barkleit, A.; Roßberg, A.; Bernhard, G.

The groundwater bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (CCUG 32456) isolated at a depth of 70 m in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory secretes a pyoverdin-mixture with four main components (two pyoverdins and two ferribactins). The dominant influence of the pyoverdins of this mixture could be demonstrated by an absorption spectroscopy study.
The comparison of the stability constants of U(VI), Cm(III), and Np(V) species with ligands simulating the functional groups of the pyoverdins results in the following order of complex strength: pyoverdins (PYO) > trihydroxamate (DFO) > catecholates (NAP, 6­HQ) > simple hydroxamates (SHA, BHA). The pyoverdin chromophore functionality shows a large affinity to bind actinides.
As a result, pyoverdins are also able to complex and to mobilize elements other than Fe(III) at a considerably high efficiency. It is known that EDTA may form the strongest actinide complexes among the various organic components in nuclear wastes. The stability constants of 1:1 species formed between Cm(III) and U(VI) and pyoverdins are by a factor of 1.05 and 1.3, respectively, larger compared to the corresponding EDTA stability constants. The Np(V)-PYO stability constant is even by a factor of 1.83 greater than the EDTA stability constant. The identified Np(V)-PYO species belong to the strongest Np(V) species with organic material reported so far. All identified species influence the actinide speciation within the biologically relevant pH range.
The metal binding properties of microbes are mainly determined by functional groups of their cell wall (LPS: Gram-negative bacteria and PG: Gram-positive bacteria). On the basis of the determined stability constants raw estimates are possible, if actinides prefer to interact with the microbial cell wall components or with the secreted pyoverdin bioligands. By taking pH 5 as an example, U(VI)-PYO interactions are slightly stronger than those observed with LPS and PG. For Cm(III) we found a much stronger affinity to aqueous pyoverdin species than to functional groups of the cell wall compartments. A similar behavior was observed for Np(V). This shows the importance of indirect interaction processes between actinides and bioligands secreted by resident microbes.

Keywords: Uran; Neptunium; Curium; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Bioligands; Hydroxamate; Pyoverdins; Spectroscopy; TRLFS; fs-TRLFS; UV-vis-NIR; XAS; Complexation; Repository

  • Other report
    Dresden: Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2009
    119 Seiten
  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZD-522 2009
    ISSN: 1437-322X

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13013
Publ.-Id: 13013


Electromagnetic flow control in the process of aluminium investment casting

Galindo, V.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Willers, B.

The mould filling process of aluminium investment casting consists basically of the flow in a U-bend showing a high pouring velocity at the beginning and decreasing velocity values during the course of the process. The high velocities during the starting phase are supposed to cause distinct problems like bubble or inclusion entrapment.
We present results on the design and application of a DC magnetic field to control the pouring velocity. Numerical 3d transient calculations were performed to simulate the filling process and the effect of the magnetic field. In parallel, model experiments with a plexiglas model have been performed using the low melting eutectic GaInSn. Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry was applied to carry out detailed velocity measurements in the model. These measurements served for the validation of the numerical calculations, thus allowing to scale up the simulations to the realistic aluminium casting process.
The developed DC field system has been tested under industrial conditions. The amplitude of the DC field was tuned during the process as the braking action is only needed during the first part of the process. In this way, a clear reduction of the peak velocities is obtained without a significant prolongation of the overall filling time. A multitude of investment casting units have been produced showing a significant diminishment of defects due to the magnetic field control of the pouring process.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Numerical simulation of MHD-problems in industrial applications with liquid metals, 11.-12.12.2008, Linz, Austria

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13010
Publ.-Id: 13010


Numerical simulation of two-phase flow in a casting steel mold

Miao, X.; Galindo, V.; Gerbeth, G.; Lucas, D.; Ren, Z.

In this work, we will concentrate on the impact of the argon bubbles in the liquid metal concast mould with and without employed static magnetic field. An inhomogeneous Eulerian–Eulerian multi-phase model built-in commercial CFX software was adopted, taking into account the effect of different bubble sizes. The calculations show that argon gas bubbling increases the probability of an asymmetric instability and even unbalances the two-roll flow pattern in the slab mould with increasing mass flow rate of the gas. On the other hand, magnetic fields are an attractive contactless possibility in order to influence the liquid steel flow in the mould of the continuous casting process. For the magnetic field control, a steady magnetic field is applied either over the mould span or just focussed to the nozzle region. The simulations show that the magnetic field primarily damps the local velocities in the mould with complex consequences on the local flow structure.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Numerical simulation of MHD-problems in industrial applications with liquid metals, 11.-12.12.2008, Linz, Austria

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13009
Publ.-Id: 13009


Liquid metal Taylor-Couette experiment on the magnetoreotational instability

Gundrum, T.; Stefani, F.; Gerbeth, G.; Szklarski, J.; Rüdiger, G.; Hollerbach, R.

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) plays an essential role in the formation of stars and black holes. By destabilizing hydrodynamically stable Keplerian flows, the MRI triggers turbulence and enables outward transport of angular momentum in accretion discs. We present the results of a liquid metal Taylor-Couette experiment under the influence of helical magnetic fields that show typical features of MRI at Reynolds numbers of the order 1000 and Hartmann numbers of the order 10. Particular focus is laid on an improved experiment in which split end caps are used to minimize the Ekman pumping.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Doppler Methods for Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Engineering, 09.-11.09.2008, Prague, Czech Republic

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13008
Publ.-Id: 13008


Numerical and experimental modelling of the melt flow in a travelling magnetic field for Vertical Gradient Freeze crystal growth

Galindo, V.; Lantzsch, R.; Pätzold, O.; Gerbeth, G.

A traveling magnetic field (TMF) driven convection and its transition from a laminar to a time-dependent flow is studied by means of ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and numerical simulations.
The experimental setup comprises a cylindrical cavity containing the electrically conducting model fluid GaInSn and a system of six equidistant coils, which are fed by an out-of-phase current to create an up- or downward directed TMF. Hence, a Lorentz force is induced in the melt which leads to meridional flow patterns. For numerical simulations commercial codes (Opera/Fidap) and a spectral code are used. The characteristic parameters of the magnetohydrodynamic model system are chosen close to the conditions used for Vertical Gradient Freeze (VGF) crystal growth.
The axisymmetric basic flow and its dependence on the dimensionless shielding parameter S are examined. It is shown that, for S>10, the flow velocity decreases significantly, whereas almost no influence is found for a smaller shielding parameter. The critical Reynolds number for the onset of instability is found in the range of 300-450. Good agreement between experimental results and the numerical simulations is achieved.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Annual Meeting GAMM2008, 02.-04.04.2008, Bremen, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13007
Publ.-Id: 13007


The liquid lead target at nELBE

Galindo, V.; Erlebach, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Weiss, F.-P.

We report on the development of a lead target fort he pulsed neutron source at ELBE.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Workshop on modern methods using fast neutrons, 13.-15.02.2008, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13006
Publ.-Id: 13006


Cyclotron resonance absorption of 2D holes in strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells under high magnetic fields

Drachenko, O.; Winnerl, S.; Schneider, H.; Helm, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Kozlov, D.; Maremyanin, K.; Ikonnikov, A.; Gavrilenko, V.; Zvonkov, B.; Goiran, M.; Leotin, J.; Fasching, G.

We report a systematic study of the cyclotron resonance absorption of two-dimensional holes in strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells under high magnetic fields up to 60 Tesla. The energies of the CR transitions are traced as a function of magnetic field. A remarkable CR line splitting was evidenced when the resonant field exceeds 20 T. We analyze our data with a 4x4 Luttinger Hamiltonian including strain and QW potentials using two different methods to calculate Luttinger parameters for ternary alloys.

Keywords: Cyclotron resonance; effective mass; strain; quantum wells; InGaAs

  • Poster
    International Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields, 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13005
Publ.-Id: 13005


Quantum transport and cyclotron resonance study of Ge/SiGe quantum wells in high magnetic fields

Miura, N.; Kozlova, N.; Dörr, K.; Freudenberger, J.; Schultz, L.; Drachenko, O.; Sawano, K.; Shiraki, Y.

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation and cyclotron resonance were studied for high mobility p-type Ge channels in strained Ge/Si1-xGex quantum wells (well width was 7.5 nm). The samples were grown on Si (001) substrates by gas source MBE. The width of the quantum wells was 7.5 nm. Pulsed high magnetic fields up to 50 T were employed for the measurement. Fine quantum oscillations were observed in rxx, although the quantum Hall plateaux in rxy were slightly deformed due to the pulsed field measurements. Reflecting the quantum effect in the nearly degenerate valence bands, the Fourier transform of the oscillatory spectra consist of several peaks. From the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude of a peak at B = 11 T, the effective mass was obtained as 0.17 m0. Cyclotron resonance was measured for two samples with different Ge concentration x which provides different strain. Sample A is the same as the one studied in the transport experiment (x = 0.41), and the sample B has the larger Ge content (x = 0.53). Photon energy was varied in the range between 10 – 17 meV using a FEL of ELBE. Two well-defined resonance peaks were observed in both samples. The effective mass obtained from the peak at the low field side at the lowest photon energy (10.5 meV) is 0.175 m0 and 0.154 m0 for samples A and B, close to the value obtained from the Shubnikov de-Haas experiment. However, the photon energy vs. resonance field Br curves are strongly non-linear in the higher energy. They are super-linear below photon energy of 14.1 meV and a sudden jump of the Br is observed at 16.5 meV, implying the existence of a prominent break of the curves. These results should be analyzed by the calculation of Landau levels in the degenerate valence bands of the quantum wells with strain.

Keywords: cyclotron resonance; SiGe; strain; magnetotransport; effective mass

  • Contribution to proceedings
    9th International Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields, 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Germany
    Journal of low temperature physics

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13004
Publ.-Id: 13004


Cyclotron resonance of extremely conductive 2D holes in high Ge content strained heterostructures

Mironov, O. A.; Goiran, M.; Galibert, J.; Drachenko, O.; Helm, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Kozlov, D. V.; Ikonnikov, A. V.; Gavrilenko, V. I.; Kummer, M.; von Känel, H.; Morris, R. J. H.; Leadley, D. R.

Cyclotron resonance (CR) and magneto-transport have been studied in pulsed (40 T) and quasi-static (15 T) magnetic fields, for holes in highly conductive “pure Ge” strained channels. Modulation doped structures with 10-20 nm thick “Ge” quantum wells (which in fact contained 2-5% Si) were grown (i) by hybrid-epitaxy, combining UHV-CVD for the Si0.4Ge0.6 strain-tuning buffer and low temperature SS-MBE for the “Ge channel” [1], with a hole mobility of 27,000 cm2/Vs at a density of 1.8 ×1012cm−2 that represents a higher conductance than other “high-Ge” heterostructures and (ii) by LEPE-CVD [2] on a Si0.3Ge0.7 buffer, having a mobility of 47,000 cm2/Vs at 0.61012 cm-2.

Very good CR lines were obtained for all samples tested across the wavelength range 70 μm< λ <871 μm and for temperatures 4-200 K. These CR results confirmed the presence of 2DHGs with extremely high mobility, above 55,000 cm2/Vs at 4K, and the lowest cyclotron effective mass mCR= 0.11 m0 agrees well with that obtained from Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations (SdHO). At the highest excitation energies (70-96μm), a splitting of the CR line appeared. This is consistent with beating seen in pulsed field SdHO that provides evidence for the, unexpected, occupation of two hole subbands.

The results will be compared to calculations of the hole Landau levels and CR transition energies as a function of magnetic field using a 4x4 Luttinger Hamiltonian that also includes strain and the real triangular profile. A full interpretation requires the effects of hole-hole interactions (HHI) on both CR and SdHO. These HHIs are extremely important for such high mobility holes, as we previously demonstrated by considering transport in the diffusive and ballistic regimes [3].

1. R J H Morris et al 2004 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 19 L106-L109.
2. Benjamin Rößner, Giovanni Isella and Hans von Känel 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 754-756.
3. I.B. Berkutov et al 2006 Low Temp. Phys. 32 No 7 683-688.

Keywords: Cyclotron resonance; Strain; quantum well; SiGe; magnetic field; effective mass

  • Contribution to proceedings
    9th International Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields, 22.-25.07.2009, Dresden, Germany
    Low temperature physics

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13003
Publ.-Id: 13003


Anwendung von CFD-Methoden für den Kern sowie den Primärkreislauf von LWR

Höhne, T.

Sektion 2 Thermo- und Fluiddynamik / Thermodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
Sitzung: Anwendung von CFD-Methoden für den Kern sowie den Primärkreislauf von LWR
Die Leitung der Sitzung hatte Herr Dr. Th. Höhne vom Forschungszentrum Dresden- Rossendorf e.V., Dresden inne.

Keywords: Jahrestagung; Sektion 2; Technische Sitzung

  • atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power 8/9(2009), 546-548
    ISSN: 1431-5254

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13002
Publ.-Id: 13002


Low-temperature modeling for degenerate and frustrated Heisenberg systems with anisotropy

Kunze, T.; Gemming, S.; Numazawa, S.; Schreiber, M.

Thermodynamic equilibration of complex systems like spin glasses or (degenerate) anisotropic spin crystals by numerical methods can be challenging due to the presence of multiple minima on the potential energy surface. This problem becomes pronounced especially at low temperature, where the system remains mainly in few states. We employ the anisotropic Heisenberg model in two dimensions to simulate and analyze the domain formation and the domain structure of multiferroic oxides. In particular, we discuss various techniques to improve the low-temperature equilibration behavior by means of a trigonal antiferromagnet with single-ion anisotropy. Furthermore, we present a localized sampling method for the Metropolis algorithm, which increases the acceptance ratio significantly.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13001
Publ.-Id: 13001


Modification of the magnetic and the structural properties of Pt/Cr/Co multilayers by He+-ion irradiation

Tripathi, J. K.; Kanjilal, A.; Rajput, P.; Gupta, A.; Som, T.

We report on the effects of 2 MeV He+-ion irradiation on the magnetic and structural properties of Pt/Cr/Co multilayers. We observe He+ ion irradiation leads to mixing across the interfaces [Pt (2.5 nm)/Cr (0.8 nm)/Co (3.0 nm)] x 6/Si multilayers. In addition, we observe Co–Cr–Pt phase formation at the highest fluence of 5.5 x 1016 ions cm2. This is accompanied by an enhancement in the coercivity. Such enhancement in the coercivity is attributed to inhomogeneous alloying and a possible mixing-induced strain. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the formation of CoCrPt ternary alloy phase. These findings are explained in the light of ion beam induced recoil mixing and ionization events.

Keywords: multilayers; TEM; magnetic properties

  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 267(2009), 1608-1611

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-13000
Publ.-Id: 13000


Structural and optical properties of Mn-doped CdS thin films prepared by ion implantation

Chandramohan, S.; Kanjilal, A.; Tripathi, J. K.; Sarangi, S. N.; Sathyamoorthy, R.; Som, T.

We report on structural and optical properties of Mn-doped CdS thin films prepared by 190 keV Mn-ion implantation at different temperatures. Mn-ion implantation in the fluence range of 1x 1013-1x1016 ions/cm2 does not lead to the formation of any secondary phase. However, it induces structural disorder, causing a decrease in the optical band gap. This is addressed on the basis of band tailing due to creation of localized energy states and Urbach energy calculations. Mn-doped samples exhibit a new band in their photoluminescence spectra at 2.22 eV, which originates from the d-d 4T16AT1 transition of tetrahedrally coordinated Mn2+ ions.

Keywords: CdS; implantation; optical properties

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12999
Publ.-Id: 12999


Investigating the role of hydrogen in indium oxide tubular nanostructures as a donor or oxygen vacancy passivation center

Kumar, M.; Chatterjee, R.; Milikisiyants, S.; Kanjilal, A.; Voelskow, M.; Grambole, D.; Lakshmi, K. V.; Singh, J. P.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of hydrogen-doped indium oxide (IO) tubular nanostructures shows presence of paramagnetic oxygen vacancies (Vo) at room temperature. For temperatures below 80 K, the EPR spectra exhibit two distinct split resonances correspond to S = 1/2 hydrogen electron spin. Interestingly, presence of hydrogen EPR resonances is accompanied by absence of EPR signal of Vo, which is restored above 80 K with the concomitant disappearance of signature resonances from hydrogen. The temperature dependent donor and passivation behavior of hydrogen has been directly observed in metal oxide. This could provide valuable explanations of various Vo induced controversial properties of IO nanostructures.

Keywords: EPR; Hydrogen; indium oxide; nanostructures; vacancy

  • Applied Physics Letters 95(2009), 013102-1-013102-3

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12998
Publ.-Id: 12998


Defect-engineered blue-violet electroluminescence from Ge nanocrystal rich SiO2 layers by Er doping

Kanjilal, A.; Rebohle, L.; Voelskow, M.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.

Using combined microstructural and electroluminescence (EL) investigations of the Er-doped Ge-rich SiO2 layers, it is established that the Ge-related oxygen-deficiency centers GeODCs, which are associated with the 407 nm light emission, are situated at the Ge nanocrystal/SiO2 interface. Electrically driven energy transfer from the Er3+ to GeODCs causes an increase in the 407 nm EL intensity. It reaches a maximum before quenching with increasing Er concentration due to the crystalline-to-amorphous transition of Ge nanocrystals. Ge concentration dependent quenching of the maximum EL intensity and the peak shifting toward higher Er concentration are discussed in terms of the reduction of the surface-to-volume ratio with increasing nanocrystal size.

Keywords: Ge nanocrystals; Er; electroluminescence; microstructure

  • Journal of Applied Physics 106(2009), 026104-1-026104-3

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12997
Publ.-Id: 12997


The 0.987MeV resonance in the 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction.

Marta, M.; Bemmerer, D.; Beyer, R.; Broggini, C.; Caciolli, A.; Erhard, M.; Fülöp, Z.; Grosse, E.; Gyürky, G.; Hannaske, R.; Junghans, A. R.; Menegazzo, R.; Nair, C.; Schwengner, R.; Szücs, T.; Trompler, E.; Wagner, A.; Yakorev, D.

The 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction is the bottleneck of the hydrogen burning CNO cycle. Recent studies of this reaction at E < 500 keV have led to a revision of the S-factor value. However, also data at higher energy are necessary to predict the extrapolated S-factor at energies of astrophysical interest. Here we report on a new study of the E = 0.987MeV (Ex = 8.284MeV) resonance carried out at the high-current FZD Tandetron in Dresden. Solid TiN targets and four escape-suppressed HPGe detectors have been used.

Keywords: Nuclear astrophysics; CNO cycle; Tandetron; TiN solid target

  • Poster
    Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics 4, 08.-12.06.2009, Frascati (LNF), Italy

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12996
Publ.-Id: 12996


A proposal for an unusually stiff and moderately ductile hard coating material: Mo2BC

Emmerlich, J.; Music, D.; Braun, M.; Fayek, P.; Munnik, F.; Schneider, J. M.

The elastic properties of Mo2BC were studied using ab initio calculations. The calculated bulk modulus of 324 GPa is by 45% larger than that of Ti0.25Al0.75N and 14% smaller than that of c-BN indicating a highly stiff material. The bulk modulus (B) to shear modulus (G) ratio is with 1.72 at the transition from brittle to ductile behavior. This, in combination with a positive Cauchy pressure (c12-c44), suggests moderate ductility. When compared to a typical hard protective coating such as Ti0.25Al0.75N (B = 178 GPa; B/G = 1.44; negative Cauchy pressure) Mo2BC displays great potential as protective coating for metal cutting applications. In order to test this proposal, Mo2BC thin films were synthesized using DC magnetron sputtering from three plasma sources on Al2O3(0001) at a substrate temperature of ~900°C. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with values determined from xray diffraction. Measured Young’s modulus values of ~460±21 GPa are in excellent agreement with the 470 GPa value obtained by calculations. Scanning probe microscopy imaging of the residual indent revealed no evidence for crack formation as well as significant pile-up, which is consistent with the moderate plasticity predicted. The apparent contradiction between moderate ductility on one hand and indentation hardness values of 29 GPa can be understood by considering the electronic structure particularly the extreme anisotropy. The presence of stiff Mo-C and Mo-B layers with metallic interlayer bonding enables this intriguing and unexpected property combination.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12995
Publ.-Id: 12995


Atomic Layer Deposition Growth of BaB2O4 Thin Films from an Exceptionally Thermally Stable Tris(pyrazolyl)borate-Based Precursor

Saly, M. J.; Munnik, F.; Baird, R. J.; Winter, C. H.

The atomic layer deposition growth of BaB2O4 thin films was investigated using Ba(TpEt2)2 and water as precursors between 240 and 400 °C. The process provided uniform films and exhibited a large ALD window between 250 and 375 °C, in which a constant growth rate of 0.23 Å/cycle was observed.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12994
Publ.-Id: 12994


The Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboraory (HLD), a User Facility for Advanced Pulsed-Field Experiments

Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Zvyagin, S.

Since 2007, the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, HLD) operates as a user facility, providing unique experimental possibilities in pulsed fields. The HLD offers various measurement techniques, such as electrical transport, magnetization, magnetostriction, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance. A particular feature of the laboratory is the next-door free-electron-laser installation used for high-field infrared spectroscopy cyclotron resonance, as well as electron spin resonance (ESR) in pulsed fields. Additionally nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and specific-heat measurement techniques are being developed in pulsed magnetic field. As the only laboratory in Europe, the HLD has reached magnetic fields of about 87 T. This field range is accessible now for experiments in modern materials research. Several 60 T and 70 T magnets are regularly used by in-house and external users as well. A two-coil 100 T prototype and a long-pulse (1000ms) 60 T magnet are ready for their first tests. Some recent scientific results on strongly correlated electron systems, nanostructures, low dimensional spin system, and high-Tc superconductors will be highlighted. Novel experimental techniques such as pulsed NMR in pulsed magnetic fields and technical applications for pulsed magnets will be demonstrated.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 28.04.2009, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12993
Publ.-Id: 12993


High-field ESR in low-dimensional spin systems

Zvyagin, S. A.

es hat kein Abstract vorgelegen.

  • Lecture (others)
    Einladung an die P.J. Safarik University and Slovak Academy of Sciences, 18.-26.04.2009, Kosice, Slovakia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12992
Publ.-Id: 12992


Antiferromagnetic resonance in the hexagonal YMnO3

Zvyagin, S. A.; Ozerov, M.; Kamenskii, D.; Wosnitza, J.; Ciznar, E.; Kolzhuk, A. K.; Smirnov, D.; Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.

Multiferroic rare-earth manganites have attracted much attention because of the coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic orders. Geometrical frustrations appear to be one of the most important factors contributing to the multiferroicity. Combining conventional far-infrared Fourier-transform and multi-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy techniques, magnetic excitations in hexagonal multiferroic YMnO3 in the antiferromagnetically (AFM) ordered phase have been studied. The gap in the excitation spectrum, about 42 cm-1, has been observed directly. A fine structure of AFM resonance absorption was revealed by means of ESR, which can be explained taking into account a finite interaction between the neighboring Mn3+ layers. Our observations has allowed us to refine spin-Hamiltonian parameters, emphasizing the role of interlayer interactions in this frustrated compound.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    2. Estonian-German Workshop, 20.-23.05.2009, Cottbus, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12991
Publ.-Id: 12991


FEL-based pulsed-field ESR technique: recent developments at the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Ozerov, M.; Cizmar, E.; Kamenskyi, D.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.

The successful use of picosecond-pulse free-electron-laser (FEL) radiation for the continuous-wave THz-range electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been demonstrated. The unique combination of two linac-based FELs [1] (covering the wavelength range of 4 - 250 μm) with high magnetic fields at the Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) allows for tunable-frequency ESR spectroscopy in a frequency range of 1.2 - 75 THz in magnetic fields up to ~ 70 T with a spectral resolution better than 1% [2]. The new approach is of particular importance for studying magnetic excitations in spin systems with a large zero-field splitting and materials exhibiting field-induced phenomena. The performance of the spectrometer is illustrated with ESR spectra obtained in the low-dimensional organic material (C6H9N2)CuCl3 and the multiferroic compound YMnO3††.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    XXIII International EPR Seminar, 23.-25.04.2009, Bad Gottleuba, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12990
Publ.-Id: 12990


Antiferromagnetic resonance in multiferroic HoMnO3

Kamenskyi, D.; Ozerov, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Cizmar, E.; Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.

Multiferroic rare-earth manganites have attracted much attention because of the coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic orders. Among hexagonal manganites, the largest magnetoelectric effect was found in HoMnO3, which is ferroelectric below Tc = 875 K and antiferromagnetically ordered below TNMn = 75 K (Mn subsystem). In addition, at TNHo ~ 5 K the Ho subsystem undergoes a transition into an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The coupling between the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order parameters in HoMnO3 has not been yet unambiguously explained, revealing the importance of geometrical frustrations and a complex interplay between Ho and Mn magnetic subsystems [1, 2]. Here, the magnetic excitation spectrum in high-quality single-crystalline samples of HoMnO3 was probed by means of X-band (9.3 GHz) electron spin resonance spectroscopy. A relatively strong absorption was found below 5 K, which corresponds to the temperature of the magnetic ordering of the Ho subsystem. The observed mode exhibits a very pronounced anisotropic behavior and can be interpreted as excitations within the antiferromagnetically ordered Ho subsystem.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    XXIII International EPR Seminar, 23.-25.04,2009, Bad Gottleuba, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12989
Publ.-Id: 12989


Determination of size and density of embedded nanocrystals in SiO2 by scanning force microscopy using a tomographic approach

Beyer, R.; von Borany, J.

In this study we used scanning force microscopy in order to determine size and density of Ge nanocrystals embedded in a 100 nm SiO2 layer. Wet chemical etching was utilized in order to uncover the clusters. Sample preparation was accomplished by Ge+ implantation with 70 keV with doses of 1e16cm-2 and 3e16cm-2. Annealing was performed in N2 ambient at 1050°C for 30 or 120 s, respectively. The elemental distribution before and after the annealing was examined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. For the surface analysis AFM images in scanning areas of 1x1 μm² and 500x500 nm² were recorded with a DI Nanoscope III. Through a variation of the etching time a tomographic information about the nanocrystal properties was obtained. The density of the nanoparticles exhibits a maximum of 1e11cm-2 for the highly implanted samples, and of 4e10cm-2 for the samples with lower implantation dose. The samples were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results and the unequal preparative effort were compared and discussed.

Keywords: Ge nanocrystals; surface analysis

  • Poster
    15. Tagung Festkörperanalytik, 12.-16.07.2009, Chemnitz, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12988
Publ.-Id: 12988


Electronic transport properties through thiophenes on switchable domains

Kunze, T.; Gemming, S.; Luschtinetz, R.; Pankoke, V.; Morawetz, K.; Seifert, G.

The electronic transport of electrons and holes through stacks of dicyano-dibutyl- quaterthiophene (DCNDBQT) as part of a novel organic ferroic field-effect transistor (OFFET) is investigated. The novel application of a ferroelectric instead of a dielectric substrate provides the possibility to switch bit-wise the ferroelectric domains and to employ the polarization of these domains as a gate field in an organic semiconductor. A device containing very thin DCNDBQT films of around 20 nm thickness is intended to be suitable for logical as well as optical applications. We investigate the device properties with the help of a phenomenological model called multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (MOLED), which was extended to transverse fields. The results showed, that space charge and image charge effects play a crucial role in these organic devices.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12987
Publ.-Id: 12987


Positron-Emission-Tomography PET, the chemistry of 18F and 11C in the development of radiotracers

Knieß, T.

PET is a modern technique for imaging of pathological processes in vivo and a powerful tool in radiopharmaceutical research. The chemistry of the short lived radiotracers 18F-fluorine and 11C-carbon requires special labelling practices and instruments, as well as new approaches of radiolabelling. The lecture presents recent results in the development of PET radiotracers in Rossendorf for research and gives a short glance on the routine production of PET-radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Kolloquium Instituto Tecnologico e Nuclear (ITN), 13.05.2009, Sacavem, Portugal
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Kolloquium Institute of Biomedical Research in Light and Image (IBILI), 14.05.2009, Coimbra, Portugal

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12985
Publ.-Id: 12985


Orbital and spin effects for the upper critical field in As-deficient disordered Fe pnictide superconductors

Fuchs, G.; Drechsler, S.-L.; Kozlova, N.; Bartkowiak, M.; Hamann-Borrero, J. E.; Behr, G.; Nenkov, K.; Klauss, H.-H.; Maeter, H.; Amato, A.; Luetkens, H.; Kwadrin, A.; Khasanov, R.; Freudenberger, J.; Köhler, A.; Knupfer, M.; Arushanov, E.; Rosner, H.; Büchner, B.; Schultz, L.

We report upper critical field Bc2(T) data for LaO0.9F0.1FeAs1- δ in a wide temperature and field range up to 60 T. The large slope of Bc2≈- 5.4 to -6.6 T K-1 near an improved Tc≈28.5 K of the in-plane Bc2(T) contrasts with a flattening starting near 23 K above 30 T we regard as the onset of Pauli-limited behaviour (PLB) with Bc2(0)≈63–68 T. We interpret a similar hitherto unexplained flattening of the Bc2(T) curves reported for at least three other disordered closely related systems, Co-doped BaFe2As2, (Ba,K) Fe2As2 and NdO0.7F0.3FeAs (all single crystals), for applied fields Hpar(a,b), also as a manifestation of PLB. Their Maki parameters have been estimated by analysing their Bc2(T) data within the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg approach. The pronounced PLB of (Ba, K)Fe2As2 single crystals obtained from an Sn flux is attributed also to a significant As deficiency detected by wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy as reported by Ni et al (2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 014507). Consequences of our results are discussed in terms of disorder effects within conventional superconductivity (CSC) and unconventional superconductivity (USC). USC scenarios with nodes on individual Fermi surface sheets (FSS), e.g. p- and d-wave SC, can be discarded for our samples. The increase of dBc2/dT|Tc by sizeable disorder provides evidence for an important intraband (intra-FSS) contribution to the orbital upper critical field. We suggest that it can be ascribed either to an impurity-driven transition from s± USC to CSC of an extended s++-wave state or to a stabilized s±-state provided As-vacancies cause predominantly strong intraband scattering in the unitary limit. We compare our results with Bc2 data from the literature, which often show no PLB for fields below 60–70 T probed so far. A novel disorder-related scenario of a complex interplay of SC with two different competing magnetic instabilities is suggested.

  • Open Access Logo New Journal of Physics 11(2009), 075007-(26pp)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12984
Publ.-Id: 12984


Wechselwirkung langsamer hochgeladener Ionen mit der Oberfläche von Ionenkristallen

Heller, R.

In dieser Arbeit wird die Erzeugung permanenter Nanostrukturen durch den Beschuss mit langsamen (v < 5x105m/s) hochgeladenen (q < 40) Ionen auf den Oberflächen der Ionenkristalle CaF2 sowie KBr untersucht. Die systematische Analyse der Probenoberfläche mittels Raster-Kraft-Mikroskopie liefert detaillierte Informationen über den Einfluss von potentieller und kinetischer Projektilenergie auf den Prozess der Strukturerzeugung. Der individuelle Einfall hochgeladener Ionen auf der KBr(001)-Oberfläche kann die Erzeugung monoatomar tiefer, lochartiger Strukturen -Nanopits- mit einer lateralen Ausdehnung von wenigen 10nm initiieren. Das Volumen dieser Löcher und damit die Anzahl gesputterter Sekundärteilchen zeigt eine lineare Abhängigkeit von der potentiellen Energie der Projektile. Für das Einsetzen der Locherzeugung konnte ein von der Projektilgeschwindigkeit abhängiger Grenzwert der potentiellen Energie E_grenz^pot (Ekin) gefunden werden. Auf der Basis der defekt-induzierten Desorption durch Elektronen wurde unter Einbeziehung von Effekten der Defektagglomeration ein konsistentes mikroskopisches Modell für den Prozess der Locherzeugung konzipiert. Für die CaF2(111)-Oberfläche kann die aus jüngsten Studien bekannte, individuelle Erzeugung hügelartiger Nanostrukturen -Nanohillocks- durch hochgeladene Ionen in dieser Arbeit auch für kleinste kinetische Energien (E_kin < 150eVxq) verifiziert werden. Die potentielle Energie der einfallenden Ionen wird damit erstmalig zweifelsfrei als alleinige Ursache der Nanostrukturerzeugung identifiziert. Zudem zeigt sich bei geringer Projektilgeschwindigkeit eine Verschiebung der potentiellen Grenzenergie zur Hillock-Erzeugung. Im Rahmen einer Kooperation an der Technischen Universität Wien durchgeführte Simulationsrechnungen auf der Grundlage des inelastischen thermal spike-Modells zeigen, dass die individuelle Hillock-Erzeugung durch hochgeladene Ionen mit einer lokalen Schmelze des Ionenkristalls verknüpft werden kann. Dem essentiellen Einfluss der Elektronenemission während der Wechselwirkung des hochgeladenen Ions mit der Oberfläche auf den Prozess der Nanostrukturerzeugung wird in komplementären Untersuchungen zur Sekundärelektronenstatistik Rechnung getragen. Erstmalig werden dabei Gesamtelektronenausbeuten für Isolatoroberflächen bei kleinsten Projektilgeschwindigkeiten (v < 1x10^5 m/s) bestimmt. Für Geschwindigkeiten v < 5x10^4 m/s findet sich für die Isolatoroberfläche in starkem Kontrast zu Metallen ein signifikanter Abfall der Elektronenausbeute mit sinkender kinetischer Energie. Mögliche Ursachen dieses Effektes werden auf der Grundlage unterschiedlicher Modelle diskutiert.

Keywords: highly charged ion surface interaction insulator electron emission AFM

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZD-520 2009
    ISSN: 1437-322X

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12983
Publ.-Id: 12983


Entwicklung eines auftriebsneutralen autarken Multi-Parameter-Sensors zur Datenerhebung in Flüssigkeitsströmungen

Thiele, S.; Schöne, S.; Voigt, F.; Da Silva, M. J.; Hampel, U.

Die Erhebung räumlich verteilter Prozessparameter in großtechnischen Behältern, wie Rührkesselreaktoren oder Schüttgutbehältern, ist für die Untersuchung und Optimierung von verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen und Prozessen von großer Bedeutung. Die Messung und die Überwachung solcher Prozesse werden jedoch durch den eingeschränkten Zugang zu den Behältern oft erschwert. Herkömmliche Messsonden werden üblicherweise nur lokal installiert und räumlich auflösende Apparate, wie Kameras oder Tomografen, sind oft nicht anwendbar oder zu teuer. Aus diesen Gründen gewinnen autonome Sensortechnologien zunehmend an Interesse.
Zur Erhebung von Prozessparametern in einem Biogasfermenter wurde das Konzept auftriebsneutraler autonomer Sensorpartikel entwickelt. Der vorhandene Prototyp besteht aus einer Elektronik zur Messung und Speicherung der Daten von drei miniaturisierten Messfühlern, welche zusammen in einer robusten Kapsel eingehaust sind (Abb. 1a). Bei der Auswahl der Sensoren wurden zunächst die grundlegenden Prozessparameter Temperatur, Druck und Beschleunigung berücksichtigt, um erste Rückschlüsse auf die Hydrodynamik und den Prozessverlauf im Fermentationsbehälter zu ziehen. Das System kann durch weitere Sensoren erweitert werden. Als Temperatursensor für den Bereich 10…70°C wird ein NTC-Thermistor verwendet. Die Druckmessung im Bereich 0…200 kPa erfolgt mit einem piezoresistiven Druckaufnehmer. Die Beschleunigung wird mittels eines linearen 3D-MEMS-Inertialsensors erfasst. Der Betrieb des autonomen Sensors wird von einem Mikrocontroller gesteuert, in dem ein Energiemanagement mit mehreren Betriebszuständen implementiert ist. Im autonomen Messregime erfasst der autonome Sensor einen Datensatz aller Messfühler in einem benutzerdefinierten Intervall zwischen 100 ms und 60 s, speichert die Daten im EEPROM-Speicher (4 x 1 Mbit) und wechselt dann automatisch in einen Schlafmodus zurück, wodurch eine längere Laufzeit erzielt wird. Die Versorgungsspannung (3,3 V) wird über eine NiMH-Akkuzelle (600 mAh, 1,2 V) und einen DC-DC-Wandler bereitgestellt. Bei einer Messfrequenz von 1 min-1 ist eine Laufzeit von ca. 100 Tagen realisierbar. Die Parametrierung des Sensors und das Auslesen der EEPROMs nach dem Ausscheiden aus dem Prozess erfolgt über ein Bluetooth-Funk-Modul. Die Auftriebsneutralität des autonomen Sensors kann bei Bedarf manuell eingestellt werden. Dabei wird eine isolierte und definierte Menge Metallgranulat im Gehäuse platziert, um das Sensorgewicht an die mittlere Dichte des Prozessmediums anzupassen. Diese Anpassung ist notwendig, damit sich der Sensor frei mit der strömenden Flüssigkeit im Prozess mitbewegen kann.
In einem ersten Experiment wurde die autarke Funktionsweise des Sensors getestet. Der beschwerte Sensor wurde in einem mit Wasser befüllten vertikalen Rohr (Höhe 1,4 m), in welchem eine Temperaturschichtung vorhanden war, manuell auf- und abbewegt. Mit zunehmender Eindringtiefe in die Flüssigkeit ist demnach eine Abnahme der Temperatur zu erwarten und umgekehrt. In Abb. 1b ist der gemessene Zeitverlauf der Temperatur und der aus dem hydrostatischen Druck ermittelten Eindringtiefe dargestellt. Wie in der Auf- und Abtauchphase deutlich zu erkennen ist, wurde der zu erwartende Verlauf beider Größen durch die Messung eindeutig abgebildet. In einem nächsten Schritt soll der Sensor in dem Modell eines Biogasfermenters mit Rührwerk getestet werden.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    9. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium, 07.-09.12.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    9. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium, 07.-09.12.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
    9. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium, Dresden: TUDpress, Verlag der Wissenschaften GmbH, 978-3-941298-44-6, 139-142

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12982
Publ.-Id: 12982


57Fe implantation effect of Sb doped SnO2 films

Nomura, K.; Németh, Z.; Reuther, H.

We implanted 57Fe with 5x1016 ions/cm2 into SnO2 films containing 0.1% Sb and 3% Sb at the substrate temperature of 500°C in vacuum. As a result, four kinds of subspectra were observed in the DCEM spectra by using a back scattered type of gas counter. Two doublets are assigned to paramagnetic Fe3+ and Fe2+ species and two sextets are assigned to site A and site B of magnetite. Magnetite formation was found to prefer the top layer, whereas paramagnetic Fe2+ species were included in the deeper layer of the films. SnO2 (with 0.1% and 3% Sb) films doped with 5x1016 57Fe ions/cm2 at 500°C and post-annealed at 400°C for 6 h showed bulk ferromagnetism at room temperature although the 57Fe implanted SnO2 (3% Sb) film showed smaller Kerr effect than the 57Fe implanted SnO2 (0.1% Sb) film. This phenomenon was attributed mainly to the amount of magnetite in the as prepared samples and to the maghemite in the post-annealed samples, respectively, in addition to magnetic defects.

  • Poster
    International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect, 19.-24.07.2009, Wien, Österreich
  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 217(2010), 012118

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12981
Publ.-Id: 12981


Identity Management in Large Research Facilities

Konrad, U.; Schmeißer, N.

Large research facilities, such as the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, provide a scientific work environment for employees, guests and students from all over the world. All these users require access to local and remote facilities, to the scientific equipment and the communication, information and collaboration infrastructure. Nearly all projects currently running are using state of the art web and GRID technologies crossing borders and continents with people joining in and leaving. Managing a dynamic environment like this is a challenging task. This paper describes the concepts and implementation aspects of an Identity Management System (IDM) for a large scale research facility.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    The Russian-German Workshop "Innovation Information technologies: theory and practice", 26.-31.07.2009, Ufa, Russia
    Identity Management in Large Research Facilities, UFA: Eigenverlag UFA State Technical University

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12980
Publ.-Id: 12980


Glutathione – a key factor of uranium tolerance in plant cells

Viehweger, K.; Geipel, G.

Uranium (U) is a widespread occurring radioactive toxic heavy metal. It could be accumulated in plant roots and to a lesser extent in leaves. Hence, it is mandatory for plants to develop sophisticated tolerance strategies against this heavy metal.
Glutathion is one of the key players in this network, because of its ability to complex heavy metals, its redox-capacity, and/or as precursor in the biosynthesis of heavy metal-binding peptides, e.g. phytochelatines. The cytoplasmic glutathione content (reduced glutathione, GSH) dropped on the half in cell suspensions of canola (Brassica napus) within the first 30 minutes after U contact. However, the GSH recovery to the normal level was reached after 60 minutes. Various U concentrations (1 – 50 µM) caused different GSH kinetics indicating several defence reactions.
Artificial depletion of cytoplasmic GSH with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) enhances the U toxicity in cells determined by a metabolic test.
Because of a clear excess of GSH against the slowly accumulating U in the cytoplasm, the massive GSH decrease could not exclusively be dedicated to a complex formation between GSH and U. Additionally, a reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) can be ruled out because of a lack of U(IV) in cytoplasm revealed by photoacoustic measurements. However, the rapid GSH drop could be caused by its oxidation to GSSG (oxidized GSH). One possibility is the involvement of GSH in detoxification mechanisms against oxidative burst, e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by U. Another could be the GSH dependent recovery of redox equivalents or other metabolites. Consequently, this GSH based detoxification processes will, at least transiently, generate a redox signal and therefore impact on cellular redox poise.
It has to figure out weather the direct complexation of U with GSH (see abstract Geipel et al.) or the conjugation via glutathione S-transferase and the subsequent transport to the vacuole takes place. However, the formation of phytochelatines cannot be excluded because of cytoplasmic U bounded proteins being smaller than 14 KDa revealed by SDS gel electrophoresis and subsequent fluorescence measurements.
Further investigations should provide more detailed insights in the intracellular network of GSH functions in U detoxification as a redox buffer and as a detoxification reagent.

Keywords: Plant Cell; Uranium; Glutathione

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry (APSORC-09), 29.11.-04.12.2009, Napa, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12979
Publ.-Id: 12979


Interaction of Uranium(VI) towards glutathione – an example to study different functional groups in one molecule.

Geipel, G.; Frost, L.; Viehweger, K.; Bernhard, G.

Glutathione is a ubiquitous compound in living systems. It is a tripeptide containing besides two carboxylic groups also a thiol group as well as amino groups. Glutathione has antioxidant properties and therefore it helps to protect cells against reactive oxygen species. In plant cells glutathione is essential for the stress management. Due to its carboxyl groups and the thiol group the peptide may contribute to the metal complexation.
We have studied the complex behavior towards uranium(VI) exploiting several spectroscopic techniques, like UV-Vis and fluorescence measurements /1/. Direct UV-Vis measurements of the absorption spectra of the uranylspecies lead to a stability constant of log β121 = 38.70 ± 0.15. The glutathione itself does not absorb any light in the spectral range from 350 nm to 500 nm. Additionally the glutathione can be modified by fluoropyrovate in order to generate a species absorbing light in the wavelength range around 300 nm. The pyruvate group substitutes the proton of the thiol group. From these measurements a stability constant for the uranyl-glutathione complex was assigned to be log β121 = 38.85 ± 0.08.
Secondly we exploited the fluorescence properties of the uranyl ion. At a pH of 7.4 the main uranium species in carbonate free solutions are the hydroxospecies (UO2)3(OH)5+ and (UO2)4(OH)7+. By increasing the concentration of glutathione the fluorescence of these species disappears as consequence of the formation of a uranyl-glutathione complex. The stability constant using the Stern-Volmer equation was derived to be log β121 = 38.65 ± 0.02.
Glutathione itself doesn’t show any florescence properties. However, it is known, that the derivatisation of the thiol group by monobrombimane leads to a fluorescent glutathione species. In analogy to the measurements of the fluorescence of the uranylspecies the fluorescence of this conjugate also disappears upon complex formation with heavy metal ions. The resulting stability constant for the uranyl complex was derived to be log β121 = 38.96 ± 0.02 neglecting that the thiol group was modified.
Summarizing all studies the stability constant for formation of a 1:1 uranyl-glutathione complex can be assigned to be log β121 = 38.79 ± 0.15.
As the stability constants the measurements of the pure and the modified glutathione agree very well, we can conclude that the thiol group is not involved in the complex formation. Additionally it could be shown that glutathione does not reduce the uranium(VI) under the experimental conditions.
Comparing these data with stability constants for several flavonoids, showing also very high complex stability constants towards uranium, we conclude that glutathione in plant cells is much more involved in heavy metal stress reactions than flavonoids.

/1/ Diploma thesis L. Frost, TU Dresden, 2009

Keywords: Uranium; Complex formation; Glutathione

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry (APSORC-09), 29.11.-04.12.2009, Napa, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12978
Publ.-Id: 12978


Electronic Transport Measurements on Si4 Clusters

Grebing, J.; Dietsche, R.; Ganteför, G.; Kirchner, T.; Scheer, E.

A still intriguing issue in the field of molecular electronics is the dependence of the transport properties of a molecule or cluster on the exact geometric realization of the contact at the atomic scale. Here, Si4 clusters come in handy as they have a very well known rhombohedral geometry [1] as well as a limited yet diverse number of possibilities of being contacted: A contact may be formed along the long or the short axis, along the median of an edge, or along the surface normal of the rhombohedron.

After soft-landing from the gas phase, using a mechanically controllable breakjunction technique, possibly single or few Si4 clusters were contacted with atomically sharp tips and transport characteristics were measured. In addition to conductance histograms, current-voltage (IV) curves with and without clusters in the junction have been recorded. By comparison with the outcome of DFT calculations, the presence of the clusters in three of the four aforementioned contact geometries could be identified in the histograms.

By fitting a resonant tunneling model to the IV curves, the coupling between the clusters and the leads as well as the energy difference of the molecular orbital contributing to the transport and the Fermi energy in the leads could be determined. The highly non-linear IV curves obtained in the scope of these measurements contradict the theoretical predictions previously performed by C. Roland et al. who suggested a linear IV characteristic in the range of experimentally accessible bias voltages [2].

We thank F. Pauly for providing the DFT code and for introducing us to it’s use, A. Erbe and J. C. Cuevas for the introduction to the resonant tunneling model and valuable discussions.

[1] e.g., E. C. Honea et al., nature 366 (6450), 42 (1993)
[2] C. Roland et al., Phys. Rev. B 66 (3), 035332 (2002)

Keywords: molecular electronics; cluster; silicon; break junction; electronic transport

  • Poster
    Clustertreffen 2009, 04.-09.10.2009, Herzogenhorn, Schwarzwald, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12977
Publ.-Id: 12977


Viscosities in the Gluon-Plasma within a Quasiparticle Model

Bluhm, M.; Kämpfer, B.; Redlich, K.

A phenomenological quasiparticle model, featuring dynamically generated self-energies of excitation modes, successfully describes lattice QCD results relevant for the QCD equation of state and related quantities both at zero and non-zero net baryon density. Here, this model is extended to study bulk and shear viscosities of the gluon-plasma within an effective kinetic theory approach. In this way, the compatibility of the employed quasiparticle ansatz with the apparent low viscosities of the strongly coupled deconfined gluonic medium is shown.

  • Nuclear Physics A 830(2009), 737c-740c
    DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.10.065
    Cited 23 times in Scopus
  • Contribution to proceedings
    21st International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2009), 30.03.-04.04.2009, Knoxville, USA
    Proceedings of Quark Matter 2009

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12975
Publ.-Id: 12975


Dimuon production by laser-wakefield accelerated electrons

Titov, A. I.; Kämpfer, B.; Takabe, H.

We analyze mu+mu- pair production generated by high-energy electrons emerging from a laser-wakefield accelerator. The mu+mu- pairs are created in a solid thick high-Z target, following the electron accelerating plasma region. Numerical estimates are presented for electron beams obtained presently in the LBL TW laser experiment \cite{C2} and possible future developments. Reactions induced by the secondary bremsstrahlung photons dominate the dimuon production. According to our estimates, a 20 pC electron bunch with energy of 1 (10) GeV may create about 200 (6000) muon pairs. The produced mu(+/-) can be used in studying various aspects of muon-related physics in table top installations. This may be considered as an important step towards the investigation of more complicated elementary processes induced by laser driven electrons.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12974
Publ.-Id: 12974


Ion-irradiation induced damage in FeCr alloys characterized by nanoindentation

Heintze, C.; Bergner, F.; Hernández-Mayoral, M.

Self-ion irradiation in combination with nanoindentation offers the possibility to characterize irradiation damage in a broad range of irradiation temperature and fluence. Nanoindentation results are reported for Fe-2.5at%Cr, Fe-9at%Cr and Fe-12.5at%Cr irradiated at room temperature, 300°C and 500°C. Special features of this work are roughly rectangular damage profiles and exploitation of the full load dependence of hardness. The effects of Cr content, fluence and irradiation temperature are discussed. Cases of both broad consistence with and deviations from reported trends are found. Hardening features were characterized by means of TEM also taking into account SANS data reported for neutron-irradiated conditions of the same alloys. A tentative two-feature hardening model was applied.

Keywords: Self-ion irradiation; nanoindentation; TEM; irradiation hardening; iron base alloys

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12973
Publ.-Id: 12973


Development of sputtered Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Ni–Ti films for actuation in ice cooled environments

Martins, R. M. S.; Schell, N.; Gordo, P. R.; Maneira, M. J. P.; Silva, R. J. C.; Braz Fernandes, F. M.

Due to the high sensitivity of Ni–Ti films to environmental changes, e.g. thermal, and/or to stress, they are ideal materials for applications on micro-sensors. It was aimed to obtain Ni–Ti films exhibiting the beginning of the B25R-phase transformation between room temperature (RT) and 0°C. Thus, films with a slightly Ni-rich composition were prepared by sputtering, without intentional heating of the substrate. The Ni–Ti films were deposited on an Si3N4 intermediate layer previously deposited on naturally oxidized Si(100). The crystallization behaviour of the samples (at a constant temperature of 430°C) was studied by X-ray diffraction in grazing incidence geometry off-plane (GIXD) at a synchrotron-radiation beamline. The GIXD patterns obtained during the annealing process of the Ni–Ti polycrystalline films revealed mainly an austenitic structure (B2 phase) and the precipitation of Ni4Ti3. The results have also shown that the presence of an intermediate layer of Si3N4 enhances the crystallization process of the Ni–Ti sputtered films when compared to the films deposited directly on single-crystal Si (with native oxide).
The phase transformation behaviour of the Ni–Ti film on Si3N4 was evaluated by XRD in off-plane Bragg–Brentano geometry during cooling (RT-> -40°C) and heating (-40°C ->RT). It has been observed that a high fraction of the Ni–Ti film is already transformed to R-phase at 9°C (austenitic at RT), as well as a very small temperature hysteresis for the B25R-phase transformation.
After the characterization described above, the film was removed from the substrate. The free-standing film showed a pronounced ‘‘two-way’’ shape memory effect (SME). In the austenitic state the film presents a flat shape. During cooling, by reducing its distance from ice cubes (i.e., decreasing the surrounding temperature), the film starts bending exhibiting a final curled shape (yet without touching the ice). On heating it recovers its flat shape. The authors attribute the nature of this ‘‘two-way’’ SME to the Ni4Ti3 precipitates that formed during the heat treatment.

Keywords: Ni–Ti films; Shape Memory Alloy; Annealing; Magnetron sputtering; in situ XRD

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12972
Publ.-Id: 12972


Structural characterization of H plasma-doped ZnO single crystals by positron annihilation spectroscopies

Anwand, W.; Brauer, G.; Cowan, T. E.; Grambole, D.; Skorupa, W.; Cizek, J.; Kuriplach, J.; Prochazka, I.; Egger, W.; Sperr, P.

Nominally undoped, hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals have been investigated after doping in remote H plasma. Characterizations have been made by positron annihilation (slow positron implantation spectroscopy, lifetime, coincidence Doppler broadening), temperature-dependent Hall and photoluminescence measurements. The H content before and after the doping has been determined using nuclear reaction analysis. In addition, changes of the polished surface of the crystals have been monitored by atomic force microscopy.
H plasma doping produced a metallic conducting near-surface layer. It is discussed if this is due to an increased H and zinc incorporation into pre-existing zinc vacancy – H complexes, as this also could explain the occurrence of a second positron lifetime component in the volume of the crystals, from which a bulk positron lifetime of (153 +/- 2) ps for ZnO is derived in very good agreement with previous experiments and theoretical calculations.

Keywords: zinc oxide; point defects; positron annihilation; H; nuclear reaction analysis; H plasma; atomic force microscopy; Hall effect; photoluminescence

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12970
Publ.-Id: 12970


Defect-induced magnetic order in pure ZnO films

Khalid, M.; Ziese, M.; Setzer, A.; Esquinazi, P.; Lorenz, M.; Hochmuth, H.; Grundmann, M.; Brauer, G.; Anwand, W.; Fischer, G.; Adeagbo, W. A.; Hergert, W.; Ernst, A.

We have investigated the magnetic properties of pure ZnO thin films grown under N2 pressure on a-, c- and r-plane Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The substrate temperature and the N2 pressure were varied from room temperature to 570 °C and from 0.007 mbar to 1.0 mbar, respectively. The magnetic properties of bare substrates and ZnO films were investigated by SQUID magnetometry. ZnO films grown on c- and a-plane Al2O3 substrates did not show significant ferromagnetism. However, ZnO films grown on r-plane Al2O3 showed reproducible ferromagnetism at 300 K when grown at 300¡400 °C and 0.1-1.0 mbar N2 pressure. Positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements as well as density functional theory calculations suggest that the ferromagnetism in ZnO films is related to Zn vacancies.

  • Physical Review B 80(2009), 035331

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12969
Publ.-Id: 12969


High-order harmonic generation by a driven mesoscopic ring with a localized impurity

Hinsche, N. F.; Moskalenko, A. S.; Berakdar, J.

We investigate theoretically the electron dynamics in a single-channel mesoscopic ring with a localized impurity subjected to picosecond linearly polarized asymmetric electromagnetic pulses. A nonequilibrium coherent population of electronic states that possesses a time-dependent polarization is induced. The associated radiation emission decays on a time scale determined by the system relaxation and hence lasts long, after the pulses have perished. We derive analytically and confirm numerically that the presence of an impurity influences strongly the time-dependent charge polarization and allows the generation of higher harmonics in the terahertz range.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12968
Publ.-Id: 12968


Ion implantation, luminescence, and cluster growth in silica layers

Roushdey, S.; Kourkoutis, L.; Zamoryanskaya, M. V.; Schmidt, B.; Fitting, H. J.

To activate silica optically our investigations are extended to ion implantation, mainly to overstoichiometric injection or isoelectronic substitution of the both constituents silicon or oxygen, i.e. by ions of the group IV (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) or the group VI (O, S, Se). Such implantation produce new luminescence bands in silica layers, partially with optical electronic–vibronic transitions and respective multimodal spectra. In this context, special interest should be directed to low-dimension nanocluster formation in silica layers. Cathodoluminescence, high resolution transmission (HR-TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) have been used to investigate Si and Ge cluster formation in amorphous silicon dioxide layers and their respective luminescence behavior.

Keywords: Measurement techniques; Optical spectroscopy; STEM/TEM; Microstructure; Defects; Nanoparticles colloids and quantum structures; Luminescence

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12967
Publ.-Id: 12967


MULTIMAG - A MULTIpurpose MAGnetic field system for EPM

Cramer, A.; Pal, J.; Gundrum, T.; Gerbeth, G.

This paper describes the home-made MULTIpurpose MAGnetic field system MULTIMAG, a facility composed of compact coil systems carrying high currents. Prominent features of MULTIMAG are (i) The large bore of 400 mm in height and 365 mm in diameter, which supports, in conjunction with the high current densities, the attainability of similarity criteria in the industrial range. (ii) Because the use of ferromagnetic material was strictly avoided in the construction, the rotating, travelling, pulsating, and DC in either homogeneous or cusp configuration magnetic fields may be superimposed linearly. (iii) In order to have as flexible as possible spatio-temporal distributions of the magnetic fields, the power supplies are realised as amplifiers. Each of the seven phases, three for the rotating and the travelling field, respectively, and one for the pulsating field, comprises a pulse width modulated power amplifier controlled by its own freely programmable frequency synthesizer.

Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics; Stirring Device; Tailored Magnetic Fields

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
    MULTIMAG - A MULTIpurpose MAGnetic field system for EPM, 9783936104653, 826-829
  • Poster
    Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12966
Publ.-Id: 12966


CFD modeling of subcooled boiling–model capabilities for application in nuclear technology and needs for further model development

Krepper, E.

The verification of design improvements of a fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor core and their influence on the critical heat flux require expensive experiments. Therefore the supplementation or even the replacements of experiments by numerical analyses are of relevant interest in fuel assembly design. The CFD modeling has the potential of simulation independent on the certain geometry.
The presentation describes the actual state of CFX modeling of subcooled boiling and their possible contribution for rod bundle design. The comparative investigation of different designs is possible at least qualitatively. For more quantitatively reliable results the models have to be improved. In the presentation the demands on the accuracy of measured values are established. The usage of model fluids enables the enlargement of the investigated geometry. The most promising results are expected by tomographic methods like gamma tomography or especially by fast X-ray tomography.

Keywords: CFD; two-phase flow; subcooled boiling; experiments

  • Lecture (Conference)
    AER Working Group C and G meeting, 11.-12.06.2009, Tengelic, Ungarn

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12965
Publ.-Id: 12965


Capabilities and limits of actual CFD modelling of subcooled boiling

Krepper, E.

The verification of design improvements of a fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor core and their influence on the critical heat flux require expensive experiments. Therefore the supplementation or even the replacements of experiments by numerical analyses are of relevant interest in fuel assembly design. The CFD modeling has the potential of simulation independent on the certain geometry.
The presentation describes the actual state of CFX modeling of subcooled boiling and their possible contribution for rod bundle design. The comparative investigation of different designs is possible at least qualitatively. For more quantitatively reliable results the models have to be improved. In the presentation the demands on the accuracy of measured values are established. The usage of model fluids enables the enlargement of the investigated geometry. The most promising results are expected by tomographic methods like gamma tomography or especially by fast X-ray tomography.

Keywords: CFD; two-phase flow; subcooled boiling; experiments

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    NuFAME-2009 - Nuclear Fuel Assembly Modeling and Experiments, 09.-10.07.2009, Stockholm, Schweden

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12964
Publ.-Id: 12964


CFD-modelling of insulation debris transport phenomena in water flow

Krepper, E.; Cartland-Glover, G.; Grahn, A.

The investigation of insulation debris generation, transport and sedimentation becomes important with regard to reactor safety research for PWR and BWR, when considering the long-term behaviour of emergency core cooling systems during all types of loss of coolant accidents (LOCA). A joint research project on such questions is being performed in cooperation between the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz and the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The project deals with the experimental investigation of particle transport phenomena in coolant flow and the development of CFD models for its description. While the experiments are performed at the University at Zittau/Görlitz, the theoretical modelling efforts are concentrated at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf.
In the current paper the basic concepts for CFD modelling are described and feasibility studies are presented.

Keywords: CFD; two-phase flow; fiber flow

  • Kerntechnik 74(2009)5-6, 255-264

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12963
Publ.-Id: 12963


CFD-modeling of insulation debris transport phenomena in water flow

Krepper, E.; Cartland-Glover, G.; Grahn, A.; Weiss, F.-P.; Alt, S.; Hampel, R.; Kästner, W.; Seeliger, A.

The investigation of insulation debris generation, transport and sedimentation becomes important with regard to reactor safety research for PWR and BWR, when considering the long-term behavior of emergency core cooling systems during all types of loss of coolant accidents (LOCA). The insulation debris released near the break during a LOCA incident consists of a mixture of disparate particle population that varies with size, shape, consistency and other properties. Some fractions of the released insulation debris can be transported into the reactor sump, where it may perturb/impinge on the emergency core cooling systems.
Open questions of generic interest are the sedimentation of the insulation debris in a water pool, its possible re-suspension and transport in the sump water flow and the particle load on strainers and corresponding pressure drop. A joint research project on such questions is being performed in cooperation between the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz and the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The project deals with the experimental investigation of particle transport phenomena in coolant flow and the development of CFD models for its description. While the experiments are performed at the University at Zittau/Görlitz, the theoretical modeling efforts are concentrated at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf.
In the current paper the basic concepts for CFD modeling are described and feasibility studies including the conceptual design of the experiments are presented.

Keywords: CFD; two-fluid approach; fiber flow

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12962
Publ.-Id: 12962


Electromagnetic control of local temperature gradients in a Czochralski crystal growth model

Pal, J.; Röder, M.; Cramer, A.; Gerbeth, G.

This experimental work is concerned with optimisation of the Czochralski crystal growth process. With respect to the shape of the solidification front and the related mono-crystalline growth, the ratio of the horizontal and the vertical temperature gradient r* = DTh /DTv at the triple point liquid-solid-atmosphere is thought of being a crucial magnitude, which desirably should be in the order of unity. A liquid metal model experiment was therefore built that allows studying this ratio under the influence of magnetic fields applied to the melt. The cylindrical liquid metal column was homogeneously heated from below, whereas on top the heat was extracted in a concentrical region covering only about one third of the surface in order to simulate the growing crystal. It was shown that the native, i. e. without flow control, r* ≈ 3 is far removed from unity. In a first series of measurements, it was then possible to reach the target value r* = 1 for any temperature difference between the bottom and the top at a moderate field strength while applying a rotating magnetic field.

Keywords: Czochralski crystal growth; Stirring; Convection

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
    Electromagnetic control of local temperature gradients in a Czochralski crystal growth model, 9783936104653, 591-594
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12961
Publ.-Id: 12961


Estimation of the solubility limit of Cr in Fe at 300°C from small angle neutron scattering in neutron-irradiated Fe-Cr alloys

Bergner, F.; Ulbricht, A.; Heintze, C.

The solubility limit of Cr in Fe (a-Fe-Cr) at lower temperatures is a matter of debate. We report a direct estimation of the solubility limit at 300°C from SANS data obtained for neutron-irradiated Fe-Cr alloys. The SANS results indicate that the equilibrium concentration of a’ was reached via irradiation-enhanced diffusion. The solubility limit was estimated using an iterative approach based on the SANS invariant and the lever rule of phase equilibrium

Keywords: Small angle neutron scattering (SANS); Fe-Cr alloys; Phase diagram

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12960
Publ.-Id: 12960


Defects in zinc-implanted ZnO thin films

Schmidt, M.; Ellguth, M.; Czekalla, C.; von Wenckstern, H.; Pickenhain, R.; Grundmann, M.; Brauer, G.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.; Gu, Q.; Ling, C. C.

Defects in zinc-implanted and thermally annealed ZnO thin films were investigated by means of capacitance-voltage spectroscopy (C-V), thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The authors report on the formation of two donor states approximately 35 and 190 meV below the conduction band edge, observed by TAS and DLTS, respectively. In the PL spectra of a reference sample a peak at 3.366 eV was present, which diminished after the implantation, while a new peak at 3.364 eV was observed only in the spectrum of the implanted sample. Since only intrinsic ions were implanted, the authors consider the defects formed by the zinc implantation and annealing to be intrinsic.

  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 27(2009)3, 1597-1600

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12959
Publ.-Id: 12959


Effect of melt convection on the secondary dendritic arm spacing in peritectic Nd-Fe-B alloy

Biswas, K.; Hermann, R.; Wendrock, H.; Priede, J.; Gerbeth, G.; Büchner, B.

Dendritic microstructure is one of the major microstructural constituents of peritectic alloys. In the present work, the effect of melt convection on the secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) and volume fraction of properitectic alpha-Fe was investigated during solidification of stoichiometric Nd-Fe-B alloys under forced crucible rotation technique. The resulting microstructure of the alloy in consideration of melt convection has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The average SDAS was determined for each sample from the whole cross-section of the cylindrical test samples using image analyzing software LEICA QWIN. A detailed statistical analysis of the spacing distribution was performed on the basis of the variation of SDAS values averaged from about 80 to 120 dendrites in different zones. The a-Fe volume fraction measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) reduces with increasing crucible rotation frequency. Similarly, the SDAS values decrease with increasing rotation frequency. These results are explained from the viewpoint of a reduced melt convection state under steady forced crucible rotation leading to a reduced effective mass transfer coefficient.

  • Journal of Alloys and Compounds 480(2009), 295-298
    ISSN: 2, 8 July 2009

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12958
Publ.-Id: 12958


Phase stability of AlYB14 sputtered thin films

Kölpin, H.; Music, D.; Emmerlich, J.; Munnik, F.; Schneider, J. M.

AlYB14 (Imma) thin films were synthesized by magnetron sputtering. Based on X-ray diffraction, no phases other than crystalline AlYB14 could be identified. According to electron probe microanalysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and elastic recoil detection analysis, the Al and Y occupancy varies in the range of 0.73 to 1.0 and 0.29 to 0.45, respectively. Density functional theory based calculations were carried out to investigate the effect of occupancy on the stability of AlxYyB14 (x, y = 0.25, 0.75, 1). The mean effective charge per icosahedron and the bulk moduli were also calculated. It is shown that the most stable configuration is Al0.5YB14, corresponding to a charge transfer of 2 electrons to the boron icosahedra. Furthermore, it is found that the stability of a configuration is increased if the charge is homogeneously distributed within the icosahedra. The bulk moduli for all investigated configurations are in the range between 196 and 220 GPa, rather close to known hard phases such as α-Al2O3.

Keywords: PACS numbers: 62.20.D-; 71.20.Ps; 81.15.Cd

  • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21(2009)35, 355006

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12957
Publ.-Id: 12957


Deviations from the conventional BCS behavior in the penetration depth of LuNi2B2C films at THz frequencies

Fischer, T.; Pronin, A. V.; Wosnitza, J.; Lobo, R. P. S. M.; Niemeier, T.; Holzapfel, B.

We have measured the temperature and frequency-dependant transmission and phase shift through LuNi2B2C thin films on MgO substrates at terahertz frequencies. From the measured data, we could accurately determine the complex dielectric constant, epsilon, the complex optical conductivity, sigma, and the penetration depth, gamma. Comparing our measured results with theory, we find strong deviations from the standard one-band BCS predictions. These deviations can be attributed to the multiband nature of the superconducting state in LuNi2B2C.

  • Poster
    2009 ICAM-I2CAM Cargèse Summer Workshop, 06.-18.07.2009, Cargèse, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12956
Publ.-Id: 12956


Nanostructures induced by highly charged ions on CaF2 and KBr

Facsko, S.; Meissl, W.; Heller, R.; Wilhelm, R.; El-Said, A. S.; Kowarik, G.; Ritter, R.; Aumayr, F.

Impact of a highly charged ion upon a solid surface can induce dramatic changes in the morphology only by the release of its potential energy. Hillocks and mono-atomic deep pits have been observed on the surfaces of CaF2 and KBr, respectively. For both processes a threshold in the potential energy exists for the creation of these nanostructures. Above this threshold the structure size increases linearly with potential energy. The mechanisms for the formation of hillocks and pits are discussed and a rst attempt to present a unied microscopic picture is made.

Keywords: Highly Charged Ions; Naostructures; KBr

  • Contribution to proceedings
    International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions, 22.-28.07.2009, Kalamazoo, USA
    Nanostructures induced by highly charged ions on CaF2 and KBr: IOP

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12955
Publ.-Id: 12955


Beschleunigermassenspektrometrie und Ionenstrahlanalytik

Merchel, S.; Munnik, F.

In diesem Vortrag wird Beschleunigermassenspektrometrie am FZD vorgestellt.

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminarreihe "Moderne analytische Methoden der Physik", 14.07.2009, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12954
Publ.-Id: 12954


Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for thin film studies

Munnik, F.; Merchel, S.

Outline
Ion – Solid interaction
Experimental
RBS + high resolution
ERDA + high resolution
H analysis
Summary

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminarreihe "Moderne analytische Methoden der Physik", 14.07.2009, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12953
Publ.-Id: 12953


Dosimetrische und physikalische Charakterisierung Laser beschleunigter Teilchen

Richter, C.

Abstract is not available

  • Lecture (others)
    Verbundprojekttreffen OncoOptics 2009, 30.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12952
Publ.-Id: 12952


Dosimetric characterization of laser-accelerated particles

Richter, C.

Abstract is not available

  • Lecture (others)
    4th Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board of OncoRay, 26.02.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12951
Publ.-Id: 12951


Dosimetric Characterization of an Laser-Accelerated Electron Beam for Precise Cell Irradiation Experiments

Richter, C.; Beyreuther, E.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Naumburger, D.; Nicolai, M.; Pawelke, J.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Baumann, M.

not available. will be published later

  • Poster
    Advanced Lectures on Protection of Humans and Their Environment Against Ionising Radiation, 09.-18.02.2009, Bad Honnef, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12950
Publ.-Id: 12950


Worldwide first systematic in vitro cell irradiation experiments with laser accelerated electrons

Richter, C.; Beyreuther, E.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Naumburger, D.; Nicolai, M.; Pawelke, J.; Sauerbrey, R.; Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Baumann, M.

The novel technology of particle acceleration based on high intensity laser systems promises accelerators of compact size and reasonable costs and may significantly contribute to a widespread use of high precision hadron radiotherapy. Although some basic properties of laser acceleration are reasonably well known from theory, simulations and fundamental physical experiments, several further requests have to be fulfilled for its medical application such as supply of a stable and reliable particle beam with reproducible properties and precise delivery of dose in an appropriate irradiation time with required exposure of a desired irradiation field. Moreover, the ultra-short pulsed (in the region of 100 fs) particle beams with resulting high pulse dose-rate (in the order of 1012 Gy/min) have to be characterized with regard to their radiobiological properties.
First in-vitro cell irradiations with laser accelerated electrons have been performed at the Jena Titanium:Sapphire (JeTi) 10 terawatt laser system and dose-effect-curves were obtained for four cell lines and two endpoints. Laser pulses (80 fs duration, 2.5 Hz repetition rate) were focused into a helium gas jet, accelerating electrons to energies of up to 20 MeV. Before irradiation, the JeTi system was optimized for cell experiments: the electron spectrum was limited to a minimum energy of 3 MeV, the beam spot size was adjusted and the dose rate and homogeneity were improved. Each cell sample was equipped with two Gafchromic EBT radiochromic films, one in front and one behind the cell monolayer, used for retrospective precise dose determination. A Roos ionization chamber and a Faraday Cup monitored the beam providing on-line dose information necessary for irradiation control. Moreover the energy spectrum was measured both with an electromagnetic spectrometer and by analyzing film stack measurements. Following to the irradiation the cell survival fraction was determined using clonogenic survival assay. In addition, DNA double strand breaks present in cell 24 h after irradiation were analyzed.
Normally used for physical single-shot experiments, the JeTi was customized for a long-time cell irradiation. 163 Samples were irradiated at 13 experiment days over a period of 10 weeks with doses between 0.3 and 10 Gy. A reasonably stable and reproducible beam was achieved. Dose homogeneity was examined for all samples within the target area and the inhomogeneity obtained was less than 10 % for all days and all applied doses. Although still preliminary, the dose-effect-curves obtained show in general a lower biological effectiveness for the laser accelerated electron beams in comparison with conventional x-rays.

  • Poster
    Workshop on Hadron Beam Therapy of Cancer, 24.04.-01.05.2009, Erice, Italia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12949
Publ.-Id: 12949


Liquid metal tornado

Grants, I.; Zhang, C.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

A concentrated vortex with properties similar to a tornado may be created by magnetic body forces. We study this phenomenon experimentally by applying combined travelling and rotating magnetic fields to a liquid metal cylinder. The bulk velocity is measured by ultrasound Doppler velocimetry and the surface velocity is reconstructed by particle image velocimetry. The travelling magnetic field (TMF) creates an axial body force with a parabolic radial profile. The induced meridional flow follows the field at the rim and returns through the central part. Thus an intense converging flow is created at one end of the cylinder. The additionally superimposed rotating magnetic field (RMF) with a substantially different frequency sets the flow into rotation. The angular momentum conservation forces the rotation to intensify towards the centre of the converging flow. The swirl intensification is limited by the centrifugal force which stops the radial inflow at some equilibrium radius. The resulting concentrated vortex is unstable but persistent. We determine conditions of its formation in terms of the ratio of the two magnetic body forces. It turns out that the maximum strength of the vortex is determined by the TMF but its structure is governed by a much weaker RMF. The maximum time-averaged swirl is observed at a force ratio of about 100. A pronounced two-cell vortex with a reversed meridional circulation in the inner core is observed at a force ratio of about 50. The inner core is encircled then by a number of smaller vortices resembling a large wedge-shaped tornado or eye of a tropical cyclone. As the force ratio is further increased the inner core expands until it occupies the entire cylinder. The flow is then essentially controlled by the RMF despite the TMF might be still much stronger. The phenomenon may be useful to stir floating particles into the melt. A related sink-vortex may occur over a drain-hole in various technological processes. Magnetic body forces can be used to alter or eliminate it.

Keywords: liquid metal; rotating magnetic field; traveling magnetic field; swirl intensification; tornado

  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Deutschland, 978-3-936104-65-3, 102-105

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12947
Publ.-Id: 12947


Investigation of a bubble-driven liquid metal flow under the influence of a travelling magnetic field

Zhang, C.; Eckert, S.; Gerebth, G.

This paper describes laboratory experiments for investigations of flow structures in liquid metal bubbly flows under the influence of a travelling magnetic field (TMF). The melt flow is driven by central gas injection into a cylindrical container filled with the low melting point alloy GaInSn. Velocity fields of the liquid were measured non-intrusively using the ultrasound Doppler method. Depending on the travelling direction of the magnetic field, the TMF mainly imposes either a co-current or counter flow with respect to the original bubble-driven circulation. The application of a downward TMF significantly increases the liquid velocity all over the fluid volume. An upward TMF gives rise to more complex structures of the velocity field resulting in alternately arranged up- and downstream regions. Both the upward and downward TMF promote the occurrence of non-steady motions with distinct velocity fluctuations leading to an intensification of related transport processes in the melt and providing the perspective of enhanced mixing efficiencies.

Keywords: liquid metal; bubble plume; traveling magnetic field; Ultrasound Doppler method

  • Poster
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Germany
  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM 2009), 19.-23.10.2009, Dresden, Germany, 978-3-936104-65-3, 127-130

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12946
Publ.-Id: 12946


Studies of the radiobiological response of human cell samples irradiated with laser-accelerated electron pulses

Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Nicolai, M.; Weber, S.; Kaluza, M. C.; Baumann, M.; Beyreuther, E.; Enghardt, W.; Karsch, L.; Laschinsky, L.; Lessmann, E.; Naumburger, D.; Pawelke, J.; Richter, C.; Sauerbrey, R.

Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. More than 50 % of tumour patients in developed countries receive radiotherapy, either as the only method of treatment or as a crucial component in combination with surgery and/or systemic treatment. However, in many cases, especially for compact, deep-seated, radiation-resistant tumours growing in close vicinity to organs at risk, state-of-the-art radiotherapy which is based on photon or electron beams delivered by compact electron linear accelerators comes to its limits. Considerably improved conformance of radiation dose to the tumour volume with simultaneous preservation of surrounding healthy tissue will derive from utilization of ions whose favourable physical and radiobiological properties have already been demonstrated in clinical application [1, 2]. However, only a few ion therapy facilities are running worldwide, due to their complexity, large scale and high investment cost linked to present radiofrequency accelerator technology. Laser-based particle acceleration is a rapidly evolving new technology [3-9]. It promises the development of compact ion accelerators with reasonable costs, which may be integrated into existing hospitals since they are based on compact table-top multi-terawatt laser systems and the acceleration process takes place within micrometer distances. This novel technology appears to be a key that many more patients could benefit from ion radiotherapy and its favourable properties.

  • Contribution to external collection
    in: Jahresbericht des Instituts für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, http://www.physik.uni-jena.de/ioq/Jahresbericht/: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2009

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12945
Publ.-Id: 12945


Status of the Penning trap project in Munich

Szerypo, J.; Kolhinen, V.; Bussmann, M.; Gartzke, E.; Habs, D.; Neumayr, J.; Schramm, U.; Schürmann, C.; Sewtz, M.; Thirolf, P.

The MLLTRAP at the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory (Garching) is a new Penning trap facility designed to combine several novel technologies to decelerate, charge breed, cool, bunch and purify the reaction products and perform high-accuracy nuclear and atomic mass measurements. It is now in the commissioning phase, achieving a mass-resolving power of about 105 in the purification trap for stable ions.

Keywords: penning trap; cooling; purification; mass spectrometry; highly charged ions

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12944
Publ.-Id: 12944


Die Jagd nach dem Feldrekord - Forschung in hohen Magnetfeldern

Wosnitza, J.

Was sind Magnetfelder? Wo findet man sie? Wie erzeugt man sie und zu was sind sie nutze? Antworten auf diese Fragen sollen in dem Vortrag durch Vorstellung der weltweiten Bestrebungen, immer höhere Magnetfelder zu erreichen, gegeben werden. Ähnlich wie z. B. Druck und Temperatur haben magnetische Felder einen tief greifenden Einfluss auf den Zustand und Zustandsänderungen der Materie. Untersuchungen von Materialien in hohen Magnetfeldern sind daher mittlerweile Standard und eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen in unserem täglichen Leben sind ohne Magnetfeldeffekte undenkbar. In der Forschung wird der stetig wachsende Bedarf an möglichst großen Magnetfeldstärken durch Hochfeldlaboratorien abge-deckt. In dem neu aufgebauten Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden sollen demnächst gepulste Magnetfelder bis zu 100 Tesla erzeugt werden. Erste Hochfeldmagnete sind in Betrieb und seit 2007 hat neben der Eigenforschung der Nutzerbetrieb begonnen. Der momentane Status des Labors, die Schwierigkeiten, die zur Erzeugung so hoher Magnetfelder überwunden werden müssen, und exemplarische wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse aus Hochfeldstudien sollen vorgestellt werden.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Physikalisches Kolloquium der Universität Kaiserslautern, 15.06.2009, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12943
Publ.-Id: 12943


Pages: [1.] [2.] [3.] [4.] [5.] [6.] [7.] [8.] [9.] [10.] [11.] [12.] [13.] [14.] [15.] [16.] [17.] [18.] [19.] [20.] [21.] [22.] [23.] [24.] [25.] [26.] [27.] [28.] [29.] [30.] [31.] [32.] [33.] [34.] [35.] [36.] [37.] [38.] [39.] [40.] [41.] [42.] [43.] [44.] [45.] [46.] [47.] [48.] [49.] [50.] [51.] [52.] [53.] [54.] [55.] [56.] [57.] [58.] [59.] [60.] [61.] [62.] [63.] [64.] [65.] [66.] [67.] [68.] [69.] [70.] [71.] [72.] [73.] [74.] [75.] [76.] [77.] [78.] [79.] [80.] [81.] [82.] [83.] [84.] [85.] [86.] [87.] [88.] [89.] [90.] [91.] [92.] [93.] [94.] [95.] [96.] [97.] [98.] [99.] [100.] [101.] [102.] [103.] [104.] [105.] [106.] [107.] [108.] [109.] [110.] [111.] [112.] [113.] [114.] [115.] [116.] [117.] [118.] [119.] [120.] [121.] [122.] [123.] [124.] [125.] [126.] [127.] [128.] [129.] [130.] [131.] [132.] [133.] [134.] [135.] [136.] [137.] [138.] [139.] [140.] [141.] [142.] [143.] [144.] [145.] [146.] [147.] [148.] [149.] [150.] [151.] [152.] [153.] [154.] [155.] [156.] [157.] [158.] [159.] [160.] [161.] [162.] [163.] [164.] [165.] [166.] [167.] [168.] [169.] [170.] [171.] [172.] [173.] [174.] [175.] [176.] [177.] [178.] [179.] [180.] [181.] [182.] [183.] [184.] [185.] [186.] [187.] [188.] [189.] [190.] [191.] [192.] [193.] [194.] [195.] [196.] [197.] [198.] [199.] [200.] [201.] [202.] [203.] [204.] [205.] [206.] [207.] [208.] [209.] [210.] [211.] [212.] [213.] [214.] [215.] [216.] [217.] [218.] [219.] [220.] [221.] [222.] [223.] [224.] [225.] [226.] [227.] [228.] [229.] [230.] [231.] [232.] [233.] [234.] [235.] [236.] [237.] [238.] [239.] [240.] [241.] [242.] [243.] [244.] [245.] [246.] [247.] [248.] [249.] [250.] [251.] [252.] [253.] [254.] [255.] [256.] [257.] [258.] [259.] [260.] [261.] [262.] [263.] [264.] [265.] [266.] [267.] [268.] [269.] [270.] [271.] [272.] [273.] [274.] [275.] [276.] [277.] [278.] [279.] [280.] [281.] [282.] [283.] [284.] [285.] [286.] [287.] [288.] [289.] [290.] [291.] [292.] [293.] [294.] [295.] [296.] [297.] [298.] [299.] [300.] [301.] [302.] [303.] [304.] [305.] [306.] [307.] [308.] [309.] [310.] [311.] [312.] [313.] [314.] [315.] [316.] [317.] [318.] [319.] [320.] [321.] [322.] [323.] [324.] [325.] [326.] [327.] [328.] [329.] [330.] [331.] [332.] [333.] [334.] [335.] [336.] [337.] [338.] [339.] [340.] [341.] [342.] [343.] [344.] [345.] [346.] [347.] [348.] [349.]