Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

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41504 Publications

Local properties of a Hg/N2 bubbly flow injected by a single orifice in a longitudinal magnetic field

Kljukin, A.; Kolesnikov, Y.; Lielausis, O.; Platacis, E.; Skopis, M.; Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Int. Riga Conference on MHD, August 1995, Riga

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-415

Stabilisation of thin liquid metal jets by magnetic field

Bucenieks, I.; Lielausis, O.; Gerbeth, G.; Falk, F.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Int. Riga Conference on MHD, August 1995, Riga

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-414

Measurements of longitudinal velocity fluctuations in liquid sodium at high interaction parameters in a channel with conducting walls

Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Langenbrunner, H.; Witke, W.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Int. Riga Conference on MHD, August 1995, Riga

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-413

Testing of a new experimental technique to study MHD-Associated phenomena with free liquid metal surface

Bojarevics, A.; Gelfgat, Y. M.; Gerbeth, G.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Int. Riga Conference on MHD, August 1995, Riga

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-412

Gradient freeze crystal growth with optimized convection induced by a rotating magnetic field

Buhrig, E.; Wunderwald, U.; Gerbeth, G.; Gelfgat, Y. M.; Gorbunov, L.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Int. Riga Conference on MHD, August 1995, Riga

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-411

Two-phase flow behaviour during a medium size cold leg LOCA test on PMK-2 (IAEA - SPE-4)

Szabados, L.; Ézsöl, G.; Perneczky, L.; Krepper, E.; Prasser, H.-M.; Schäfer, F.

The experiment to the IAEA standard problem exercise No. 4 was carried out in April 1993 on the integral test facility PMK-2 in Budapest. It was a 3.2 mm break on the downcomer head. The high pressure injection cooling was assumed to be not available. As an accident management measure bleed and feed on the secondary side of the steam generator was applied. Research Center Rossendorf contributed to the experiment of SPE-4 by supplying needle shaped conductivity probes for the measurement of local void fractions in the primary circuit of the PMK-II test facility. In the course of the standard problem exercise No. 4 RCR contributed with posttest calculations using the thermalhydraulic code ATHLET.
The report comprises a description of the initial and boundary conditions of the test and a phenomenological description of the thermalhydraulic events during the transient. The void fraction probe signals yields valuable information for deeper understanding of the thermalhydraulic occurrences and for code validation. This was the case particularly for correction of the level measurement.
A description of the thermalhydraulic occurrences from the viewpoint of code verification is given and the results of RELAP5 (KFKI-AEKI) and of ATHLET-calculations (RCR) are compared. Referring to this description, the sensitivity of the result to main influences is investigated using the ATHLET-code.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-101 August 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-410

In situ observation of the tip shape of Co-Ge liquid alloy ion sources in a high-voltage transmission electron microscope

Driesel, W.; Dietzsch, C.; Hesse, E.; Bischoff, L.; Teichert, J.

For in situ observation in a 1 MeV TEM Co-Ge liquid alloy ion soures (LAISs) were mountet to a special specimen holder revealing the formation of the field-stabilizes Co-Ge liquid alloy cone, the change in the tip shape as a function of the ion emission current, spatial shifts of the liquid alloy cone, and microdroplet emission from Co-Ge LAISs. This has facilitated the better understanding of the ion and microdroplet emission process from Co-Ge LAISs in a large range of ion current. Below the onset voltage the shape of the tip covered with the liquid Co-Ge alloy is spherical. At the onset voltage the Tayler cone is formed. A jetlike protrusion at the cone vertex. The cone half-angle a decreases and the jet length l increases with increasing emission current le. Linear dependences of a and l on Ie are found. Emission of microdroplets is observed at the shanks behind the Tayler cone. The radius of microdroplets varied between 0.035 and 10 µm. These microdroplets are emitted in time intervals of about 0.1 s and more.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-409

Cobalt disilicide interconnects for micromechanical devices

Teichert, J.; Bischoff, L.; Hesse, E.; Schneider, P.; Panknin, D.; Geßner, T.; Löbner, B.; Zichner, N.

A focused ion beam system working with 35 keV Co+ ions has been used to produce CoSi2 interconnects by means of ion beam synthesis. The capability of maskness patterning of the focused ion beam, ist large depth of focus and the possibility of a dynamic focus control allow the fabrication of interconnects in three-dimensional devices with this method. Investigations have been performed using polycrystalline, amorphous and single crystalline silicon substrates. The influence of implantation does has been studied, the electrical resistance and thermal stability of the interconnects has been measured. For room temperature implantation and annealing at 600°C for 1h resistivities between 34 and 60 µ( cm have been obtained for the various substrate materials. CoSi2 interconnects have been found to be thermally stable up to 700°C. In order to demonstrate this method interconnection lines have been fabricated on the sloped walls of deep anisotropically etched grooves 280 µm.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-408

X-ray diffraction study of phase transitions in Sr0.39 Ba0.61 Nb2O6 between 20 and 500K

Prokert, F.; Ihringer, J.; Ritter, H.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-407

The investigation of different cameras for in-beam PET imaging.

Pawelke, J.; Byars, L.; Enghardt, W.; Fromm, W.-D.; Geissel, H.; Hasch, B.-G.; Lauckner, K.; Manfraß, P.; Schardt, D.; Sobiella, M.

In situ and in vivo treatment plan verification and beam monitoring as well as dose control during heavy-ion tumour therapy can be performed in principle by measurements of range distributions of positron-emitting nuclei by means of PET techniques. For this purpose the performance of different types of positron camera as well as the results of in-beam PET experiments using beams of positron-active ions (15O, 17F and 19Ne with energies of 300-500 AMeV) are presented. Following the deduced performance requirements a PET scanner that is designed for clinical use in experimental heavy-ion therapy at GSI Darmstadt has been built. This limited angle tomograph consists of two large-area detector heads based on position sensitive BGO detectors and is predicted to perform the measurement of the end point of a positron-emitting ion beam for the verification of a treatment plan with a precision better than 1 mm. The maximum dose applied in the patient thereby is of the magnitude of 10 mGy.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-406

Effects of nuclear Coulomb field on two-meson correlations

Barz, H.-W.

Abstract:

The infiuence of the nuclear Coulombfield on two-pion and two-kaon correlations is investigated for sources with charge number of Z = 160. The source radii
extracted from the correlation function determined in sidewards and outwards direction are remarkably affected for meson pairs with average momenta, below 200 MeV/c.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-405

Influence of the first-order polarization on the stopping power for bare charges in the jellium model

Mathar, R. J.

Adding the contribution of the next higher order of the density parameter to the random-phase approximation (the zeroth-order, noninteracting approximation to the subceptibility) improves the calculation of the linear dielectric function of the jellium model. In this paper, the corresponding results by Holas, Aravind, and Singwi (Phys. Rev. B20 (1979) 4912) are picked up to extend the Lindhard-Winter theory of the electronic energy loss in a straightforward manner. As known from static approximations to the local-field correction, the electronic stopping at low ion velocities is enhanced. Above the stopping-power maximum, the first-order dynamic dielectric function delivers a correction of the opposite sign.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-403

Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; Jahresbericht 1993/94

Fülle, R.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-100
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-402

Spontaneous fission of 244Cm studied by the two-velocities method at the FOBOS spectrometer

Kozulin, E. M.; Oganessian, Y. T.; u. a.; Aleksandrov, A. A.; Aleksandrova, I. A.; u. a.; Gippner, P.; Matthies, A.; Herbach, C.-M.; Schilling, K.-D.; u. a.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-99
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-400

Methodische Untersuchungen zum Einsatz der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie in der Leichtionen-Tumortherapie.

Pawelke, J.

kein Abstrakt

  • Open Access Logo Dissertation, Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
    Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, FZR-97 (Juni 1995)
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-399

Evidence for a supershort fission mode in the reactions 242mAm(nth,f) and 244Cm(sf)

Pyatkov, Y. V.; Aleksandrov, A. A.; Andreev, B. I.; Gippner, P.; Herbach, C.-M.; Ortlepp, H.-G.; Penionzhkevich, Y. E.; Shekhmamet'Ev, R. A.; Wagner, W.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-98 Preprint
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-398

Erfolgsbilanz läßt Qualitätsansprüche steigen

Maletti, R.

no abstract

  • Sonnenenergie & Wärmetechnik 1997, H.5, S.16

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-397

Abhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften, des Bestrahlungs- und des Ausheilverhaltens von der Tiefenlage in Schmiedestücken des WWER-Reaktordruckbehälterstahles 15Ch2MFA

Böhmert, J.; Große, M.; Viehrig, H.-W.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-93 April 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-396

Institute of Radiochemistry; Annual Report 1994

Nitsche, H.; Engelmann, H.-J.; Bernhard, G.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-94
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-394

In-Beam Investigation and the Structur of States in 113Sn

Käubler, L.; Döring, J.; Funke, L.; Kleinwächter, P.; Prade, H.; Reif, J.; Schwengner, R.; Winter, G.; u. a.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-95 Preprint
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-392

Mixed-Ligand Oxorhenium(V) comlexes with Rhenium-Selenium bonds. Molecular structure of (3-Oxapentane-1.5-Dithiolato)-(Benzeneselenolato)Oxorhenium(V)

Fietz, T.; Spies, H.; Leibnitz, P.; Scheller, D.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-391

Bericht der Frühjahrstagung der Studiengruppe für Elektronische Instrumentierung vom 3. bis 5. April 1995 in Jülich

Gabriel, F.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-96
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-390

Bestimmung bruchmechanischer Kennwerte an Reaktordruckbehälterstählen mit der Einproben-Compliance-Methode und Korrelationen zur Kerbschlagarbeit

Bergmann, U.; Böhmert, J.; Viehrig, H.-W.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-81 März 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-389

Studies to the Synthesis of 16 alpha-[18F] Fluoroestradiol

Römer, J.; Steinbach, J.; Kasch, H.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-388

Carbon-mediated effects in Si and Si-related materials

Skorupa, W.; Yankov, R. A.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-387

Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy Studies of FeSi and FeSi2

Dobler, M.; Reuther, H.; Barradas, N.

  • Hyperfine Interactions 1 (1996) pp. 266-269

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-386

Evidence for diffusion-limited kinetics of ion-beam-induced epitaxial crystallization in silicon

Heera, V.; Henkel, T.; Kögler, R.; Skorupa, W.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-385

Solar heat feeding into a district heating network

Rindelhardt, U.

After one year of operation the main results of the pilot system are summerized:

  • mean collector efficiency 30%
  • produced solar heat 30 MWh
  • system losses 15%
The reasons for the deviations of the measured values from the projected values are discussed.
  • Lecture (Conference)
    2. Deutsch-Italienische Konferenz über die Nutzung erneuerbare Energien, Brescia, Italien, 13.-16.6.1995, Tagungsband S. 241
  • Contribution to proceedings
    2. Deutsch-Italienische Konferenz über die Nutzung erneuerbare Energien, Brescia, Italien, 13.-16.6.1995, Tagungsband S. 241

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-384

Proximity gettering of transition metals in separation by implanted oxygen structures

Skorupa, W.; Hatzopoulos, N.; Yankov, R. A.; Danilin, A.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-383

Investigation of ion beam synthesized iron silicide layers by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy

Dobler, M.; Reuther, H.; Betzl, M.; Mäder, M.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Conf. Proc. Vol. 50, "CAME" 95, Ed. I. Ortalli, SIF, Bologna 1996, 687-690
  • Contribution to proceedings
    ICAME '95, Conference Proceedings Vol. 50, Ed.: I. Ortalli, SIF Bologna, 1996, pp. 687-690

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-382

The impact of kaon polarization in nuclear matter on the K- production in heavy-ion collisions

Kolomeitsev, E. E.; Voskresensky, D. N.; Kämpfer, B.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-381

Rho Meson Self-Energy and Dielectron Emissivity in an Isospin-Asymmetric Pion Medium

Gulamov, T. I.; Titov, A. I.; Kämpfer, B.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-380

Dilepton production in a chemically equilibrating, expanding and hadronizing quark-gluon plasma

Kämpfer, B.; Pavlenko, O. P.; Peshier, A.; Soff, G.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-378

Technetium(V) and Rhenium(V) Complexes for 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor Binding: Structure-Affinity Considerations

Johannsen, B.; Scheunemann, M.; Spies, H.; Brust, P.; Wober, J.; Syhre, R.; Pietzsch, H.-J.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-377

Massive quasiparticle model of the SU(3) gluon plasma

Peshier, A.; Kämpfer, B.; Pavlenko, O. P.; Soff, G.

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-376

Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation as a simple Method of Ion Implantation into Metals

Brutscher, J.; Günzel, R.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    AMPT '95

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-375

Sheath Dynamics in Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation

Brutscher, J.; Günzel, R.; Möller, W.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-373

CEMS Studies on Iron Silicides

Reuther, H.; Lange, H.; Dobler, M.; Schumann, J.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Conf. Proc. Vol. 50, "CAME" 95, Ed. I. Ortalli, SIF, Bologna 1996, 573-576
  • Contribution to proceedings
    ICAME '95, Conference Proceedings Vol. 50, Ed.: I. Ortalli, SIF Bologna, 1996, pp.573-576
  • Contribution to external collection
    Conf. Proc. Vol. 50, "CAME" 1995, Ed. I. Ortalli, SIF, Bologna 1996, 573-576

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-371

Ion Drift Behaviour in Borosilicate Glasses during Anodic Bonding to Silicon or Metals

Lange, K.; Grigull, S.; Kreißig, U.; Schmidt, B.; Harz, M.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Semiconductor Water Bonding, Proceedings-Volume 97-7 (The Electrochemical Society Inc., Pennington, New Jersey, 1995)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-370

Experimentelle Modalanalyse an einer Kühlschleife eines Druckwasserreaktors

Altstadt, E.; Richter, K.; Weiß, R.; Zimmermann, W.

  • Other report
    TUD - Sonderdruck zum Vortrag in Schmochtitz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-367

Submicron CoSi2-structures fabricated by focused ion beam implantation and local flash lamp melting

Bischoff, L.; Heinig, K.-H.; Teichert, J.; Skorupa, W.

A new way to fabricate submicron CoSi2 structures on Si wafers is presented. The method consists of a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) implantation of Co+ ions and subsequent flash lamp irradiation. With our FIB equipment IMSA-100 one- and two dimensional structures were implanted by writing with a 35 keV Co+ beam which was focused to a spot diameter of 200nm. However, for the porposed method the spot size is not the crucial dimension because the final structure size is controlled by a local melting and recrystallization process in the implanted regions. Here the structure size is determined by the amount of implanted atoms which can be concentrated by the local melting process into the submicron CoSi2 structures. The local melting is caused by heteronucleation at the Si wafer surface during the short period of superheating, which is obtained by intense flash lamp irradiation of 3 or 20 ms duration. Disintegration of implanted CoSi2 wires by precipitate formation during thermal annealing, which was reported by Liddle et al. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 279 (1993) 881), can be avoided by this method. The CoSi2 structures were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersiv X-ray analysis (EDX). Dots and wires of about 200 nm diameter and width, respectively, have been fabricated during these first experiments, whilst smaller dimensions seem to be possible in future.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-366

Rhenium(V) gluconate, a suitable precursor for the preparation of rhenium(V) complexes

Noll, B.; Knieß, T.; Friebe, M.; Spies, H.; Johannsen, B.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-365

Basic Hydrolysis of 2-(18F)Fluoro-1,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-D-glucose in the Preparation of 2-(18F)Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose

Füchtner, F.; Steinbach, J.; Mäding, P.; Johannsen, B.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-364

Synthesis and characterization of uranyl-orthosilicate (UO2)2SiO4 2H2O

Moll, H.; Matz, W.; Schuster, G.; Brendler, E.; Bernhard, G.; Nitsche, H.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-361

Capillary electrophoresis for a "finger-print"-characterization of fulvic and humic acids

Pompe, S.; Heise, K.-H.; Nitsche, H.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-360

Improvement of hardness, wear and corrosion behaviour of magnesium by ion implantation

Chudoba, T.; Richter, E.; Schneider, M.

  • Contribution to external collection
    9th Int. Conf. on IBMM, Canberra, Australia, 5-10 Feb. '95, Ion Beam Modi. of Mat., Eds: J.S. Williams, R.G. Elliman, M.C. Ridgway, c '96 pp.1008-1011

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-359

Design Considerations for Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Systems

Mändl, S.; Brutscher, J.; Günzel, R.; Möller, W.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-358

Inherent Possibilities and Restrictions of Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Systems

Mändl, S.; Brutscher, J.; Günzel, R.; Möller, W.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-357

Betriebserfahrungen mit einer 100-m2-Solaranlage zur Trinkwasserbereitung und Fernwärmeeinspeisung

Brünig, D.; Rindelhardt, U.

Die Ergebnisse des ersten zehn Betriebsmonate der Solaranlage Freital werden vorgestellt. Bei einem Kollektornutzungsgrad von 29% wurde ein Ertrag von 264 kWh/m² erreicht. Für das erste volle Betriebsjahr wird ein Wert von 327 kWh/m² erwartet. Mehr als 2/3 der erzeugten Solarwärme wurde in das Fernwärmenetz eingespeist, der Rest diente der Warmwasserbereitung einer Schule.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    5. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie, Staffelstein, 21.-26. Juni 1995, Tagungsband S.133
  • Contribution to proceedings
    5. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie, Staffelstein, 21.-26. Juni 1995, Tagungsband S.133

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-356

Ermittlung der Neutronendosis von bestrahlten WWER-Reaktordruckbehältermaterialien

Barz, H.-U.; Böhmer, B.; Konheiser, J.; Stephan, I.

In this report is described the theoretical and experimental determination of all needed parameters for the neutron exposure of the different specimens that were irradiated in the Rheinsberg reactor within the period from 1984 until 1988 to obtain data for neutron embrittlement studies.
The methodical approach is represented, possible sources of errors are discussed and all the needed results are collected. The work can be divided into a pure calculation part, into the description of the extraction of the monitors and their gamma spectrometric analysis and into the discussion of the spectrum adjustment procedure which combines experimental and theoretical results. Therefore, this representation deals not only with this special task but gives also a survey about the methodical approach and the state of art in Rossendorf for the general problem of determination of neutron fluences, because the developed methods are generally applicable and not limited to the special problem of neutron embrittlement. Different problems with respect of neutron fluences exist also in Germany.
The calculation of fluences is based on an accurate description of the history of the reactor for all irradiation periods, i.e. the time and space dependence of burnup, power and fisson sources. This information was given for a time and space grid of all fuel elements.
For the calculation of the fluences were not used time dependent fluxes, but at first integral sources of fission neutrons are calculated for different fissionable isotopes. Using these given integral source distributions the fluences were calculated and the results from the different fissionable source were composed. For the improvement of the comparison between experimental and theoretical results a special method was used calculating special integral sources for the given detector, because each detector according to its decay notes another integral source resp. flux distribution, which has to be theoretically corrected.
The basis of all transport calculations was the Monte Carlo method in a special problem adjusted kind. Special procedures were developed and successfully applicated for the reduction of statistical errors. Therefore, also for single specimens results with small statistical errors were obtained. It is remarkable that this accurate method which allows a realistic 3-dimensional description of the system reactor-surroundings could be applied with reasonable calculation times for the great number of needed calculations.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-87 Juni 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-355

Recombination of nonequilibrium charge carriers in heavy ion tracks in silicon

Eremin, V.; Ilyashenko, I. N.; Strokan, N.; Schmidt, B.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-354

The application of high energy ion implantation for silicon radiation detectors

von Borany, J.; Schmidt, B.; Grötzschel, R.

  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 377 (1996) pp. 514-520
    DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(96)00235-5
    Cited 26 times in Scopus
  • Lecture (Conference)
    oral presentation during, 7th European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors, Schloß Elmau, 7.-10.5.1995

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-353

Aufbau eines behördlichen Fernüberwachungssystems zur betrieblichen Überwachung des KKW Saporoshje, Block 5, 1. Realisierungsstufe

Beyer, M.; Carl, H.; Schikora, B.; Seidel, A.; Schumann, P.; Zschau, J.

The technical equipment required to improve the operational monitoring of the NPP Zaporozh'ye, Ukraine is represented. it includes two measuring lines for the upgrading of the operational measuring equipment and seven computer-engineering components for establishing an on-site NPP supervision and has been specified in accordance with NPP experts and specialists of the Ukrainian State Supervisory Authority. Furthermore, the results of practical tests are described to check the hard- and software suitability for the down loading of measuring data from an operational computer using an original SM-2M computer made in Russia and a simulator in the laboratory. To prove the exact function a special laboratory variant of the coupling receiver software was been developed. Conceptional proposals for the algorithmic realization of the on-site monitoring of the NPP Zaporozh'ye conclude this report.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-88 Mai 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-350

Vibration Experiments at a Coolant Loop of the Dukovany NPP

Altstadt, E.; Weiß, F.-P.; Weiß, R.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-86 April 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-349

Freimessung von Bauschutt - Low-Level-Messung alphastrahlender Nuklide

Hübener, S.; Nebelung, C.; Bernhard, G.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Seminar des Instituts für Strahlenphysik der TU Dresden, 27.04.1995, Dresden
  • Other report
    Schlußbericht zum Fördervorhaben BMBF 02 S 7442 2, Berichtszeitraum: 1.3.92 - 31.5.1995

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-348

Specific binding of (3H)imipramine indicates the presence of a specific serotonin transport system on endothelial cells of porcine brain

Brust, P.; Bergmann, R.; Johannsen, B.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-347

Point defect-based modeling of diffusion and electrical activation of ion implanted boron in crystalline silicon

Jäger, H.-U.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-346

Complete recrystallization of amorphous silicon carbide layers by ion beam irradiation

Heera, V.; Kögler, R.; Skorupa, W.; Stoemenos, J.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-345

Application of the Pulse-Shape Technique to Proton-Alpha Discrimination in Si-Detector Arrays

Pausch, G.; Moszynski, M.; Wolski, D.; Bohne, W.; Grawe, H.; Hilscher, D.; Schubart, R.; de Angelis, G.; de Poli, M.

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Thermocapillary bubble migration at high Reynolds and Marangoni numbers under low gravity

Galindo, V.; Gerbeth, G.; Treuner, M.; Langbein, D.; Rath, H. J.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-342

A Vibration Model for the Primary Circuit of VVER-440 type Reactors Based on Finite Elements

Altstadt, E.; Scheffler, M.; Weiß, F.-P.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Tagung: SMIRT 13, Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Porto Alegre, Brasil, August 13 - 18, 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 323 - 328

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Theoretical Vibration Model of VVER Reactors Considering Fluid-Structure-Interaction

Altstadt, E.; Grunwald, G.; Scheffler, M.; Weiß, F.-P.

A finite-element-model describing the mechanical vibrations of the whole VVER-440 primary circuit is being developed to support the early detection of mechanical component faults. A special fluid-structure-element was developed to consider the reaction forces of the fluid in the downcomer upon the moving core barrel and the rector pressure vessel. It was derived from an approximated analytical 2D-solution of the coupled system of 3D fluid equations and the structural equations of motions. By means of the vibration model all eigenfrequencies up to 30 Hz and the corresponding mode shapes were calculated. It is shown that the fluid-structure-interaction strongly influences those modes exhibiting a relative displacement between reactor pressure vessel and core barrel. Moreover, by means of the model the shift of eigenfrequencies due to the degradation or to the failure of internal clamping and spring elements was investigated. By comparing the frequency spectra of the normal and of the faulty structure, it could be shown that a recognition of such degradations and failures even inside the reactor pressure vessel is possible by pure excore vibration measurements.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Tagung: SMORN VII, Avignon, France, 19 - 23 June 1995
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Tagung: SMORN VII, Avignon, France, 19 - 23 June 1995, Vol. 2, 9.7
  • Other report
    Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; März 1995, Preprint of SMORN VII

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-340

Acoustic Leak Monitoring with Neural Networks at Complicated Structures

Hessel, G.; Schmitt, W.; Weiß, F.-P.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Tagung: SMORN VII, Avignon, France, 19 - 23 June, 1995, 4.11
  • Contribution to proceedings
    SMORN VII - A Symposium on Nuclear Reactor Surveillance and Diagnostics, OCDE/OECD Press, Paris, 1996, Vol. 1, pp. 359-366

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-339

Specification of a Technical System to improve the Operational Monitoring of the Zaporosh'ye NPP by the State Supervisory Authority of the Ukraine

Beyer, M.; Carl, H.; Langer, L.; Schumann, P.; Seidel, A.; Zschau, J.; Nowak, K.; Tolksdorf, P.

In order to improve the operational surveillance of a VVER-1000 unit of the Ukrainian nuclear power plant Zaporosh'ye a technical monitoring system has been specified. The system will enable the state regulatory and supervisory bodies to survey the unit operation independently of operators to assess its safety status, and to impose appropriate conditions. Due to its up-to-date configuration the system provides early indication of any operational incident and emission of radioactive materials connected. Based on the system an immediate warning in emergency situations is possible as well as an effective emergency management. For this purpose 49 different operational parameters of the unit, 18 radiological parameters of the unit and the plant site and 6 meteorological parameters are monitored.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    SMORN VII Conference, 7th Symposium on Nuclear Reaktor Surveillance and Diagnostics, Avignon, France, 19.-23. June 1995, Vol. 2, 14.3

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Threshold phenomena in an open quantum mechanical system

Persson, E.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-83
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Weiterentwicklung und Verifikation eines dreidimensionalen Kernmodells für Reaktoren vom Typ WWER und seine Ankopplung an den Störfallcode ATHLET

Grundmann, U.; Lucas, D.; Mittag, S.; Rohde, U.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-84 März 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Zur Herausbildung verschiedener Zeitskalen beim Zerfall von Compoundkern-Resonanzen als Folge des Trapping-Effekts

Müller, M.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-79 (Dissertation)
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Zeitaufgelöste laserinduzierte Fluoreszenzspektroskopie an Huminsäuren und Untersuchung der Komplexbildung mit umweltrelevanten Schwermetallen

Brachmann, A.; Geipel, G.; Bernhard, G.; Pompe, S.; Bubner, M.; Nitsche, H.

  • Poster
    25. Hauptversammlung der GDCh vom 10.-13.9.1995 in Münster

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Synthese und Charakterisierung von Uranylsilicat Dihydrat, (UO2)2SiO4 2H2O

Moll, H.; Matz, W.; Schuster, G.; Brendler, E.; Bernhard, G.; Nitsche, H.; Reich, T.

  • Poster
    25. Hauptversammlung der GDCh vom 10.-13.9.1995 in Münster, Themenbereich: Anorganische Chemie

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First observation of inelastic X-ray scattering from condensed 4He using high energy resolution

Schell, N.; Simmons, R. O.; Burkel, E.

Recently, the suitability of inelastic X-ray scattering for the investigation of solid and fluid 4HE has been demonstraded. For the text experiments an energy resolution of the order of 10-15 meV was used at the backscattering spectrometer INELAX at the storage ring DORIS of DESY, Hamburg. Lattice excitations were observed for momentum transfers along the c axis of h.c.p. helium crystals which were grown in situ at pressures of 54-63 Mpa and at temperatures of 4.2-6.4 K. At 10 k abowve the melting point, engery-loss signals could also be detected from the liquid helium at equivalent momentum transfers.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-332

Investigation of microbial degradation of PCB congeners using isotopically modified tracers

Bubner, M.; Heise, K.-H.; Nitsche, H.; Matucha, M.; Sasek, V.; Veleminsky, J.; Spizek, J.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    7th Intern. Conf. Bioindicators (Abstr.)
  • Ecological Chem. St. Petersburg, Russia 1997, 6(3): 204-211

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Synthesis of uniformly 13C and 14C-Labelled PCB-Congeners

Bubner, M.; Meyer, M.; Fuksova, K.; Matucha, M.; Heise, K.-H.; Nitsche, H.

  • Poster
    7th Intern. Conf. Bioindicators
  • Ecological Chem. St. Petersburg, Russia, 1998, 7(1):65-68

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Bestimmung der Speziation des Uraniums mittels Zeitaufgelöster Laserinduzierter Fluoreszenzspektroskopie

Geipel, G.; Brachmann, A.; Brendler, V.; Bernhard, G.; Nitsche, H.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Anakon '95

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-329

Comparision of CoSi2 Interconnection Lines on Crystalline and Noncrystalline Silicon Fabricated by Writing Focused Ion Beam Implantation

Teichert, J.; Bischoff, L.; Hesse, E.; Schneider, P.; Panknin, D.; Geßner, T.; Löbner, B.; Zichner, N.

A focused beam of Co+ ions has been used to produce CoSi2 interconnects by means of ion beam synthesis. Investigations have been performed using polysilicon, amorphous and crystalline silicon substrates. The influence of implantation dose and annealing temperature on the resistivity has been studied. For room temperature implantation and annealing 600°C for 1h, a resistivity of about 60µ(*cm has been obtained independent of the subtrate type. The CoSi2 layers have been found to be stable up to 700°C. CoSi2 interconnects have been fabricated on the slope walls of 200µm deep anisotropically etched grooves using a dynamic focus control of the focused ion beam.

  • Applied Surface Science 91 (1995) pp. 44-49
  • Lecture (Conference)
    MAM '95

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MHD Turbulence: Use of gas bubbles as local tracers in Liquid Metal MHD Flows

Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Witke, W.; Langenbrunner, H.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-80
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Gaschromatographie mit W-Isotopen in ...

Vahle, A.; Hübener, S.; Böttger, H.; u. a.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    3. Workshop "Chemie der schwersten Elemente", 15.-17.3.1995 in Mainz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-324

Isotherme on-line Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographie der Elemente der 6. Gruppe in feuchtem Sauerstoff - Testexperimente mit OLGA II

Hübener, S.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    3. Workshop "Chemie der schwersten Elemente", 15.-17.3.1995 in Mainz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-323

Ein Hybrid-Modell zur Untersuchung von Stößen schwerer Ionen bei mittleren Energien

Heide, B.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-108 (Dissertation)
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Evaporation Rates for Liquid Clusters

Frauendorf, S.

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Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research; Annual Report 1994

Möller, W.; Wieser, E.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-77
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Level repulsion in the complex plane

Müller, M.; Dittes, F.-M.; Iskra, W.; Rotter, I.

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1% Cold leg break experiment on PMK-2 Test results and computer code analysis

Ézsöl, G.; Guba, A.; Perneczky, L.; Prasser, H.-M.; Schäfer, F.; Krepper, E.

In the framework of the computer code assessment programme for the VVER-440 type Paks Nuclear Power Plant a 1% cold leg break experiment has been conducted on the PMK-2 integral type test facility. It was followed by calculations using RELAP 5Mod3.1 and ATHLET in order to assess code capabilities. This experiment was started from the nominal operational parameters and it was considered that only the high pressure injection system (HPIS) is available and there is no injection from the safety injection tanks (SIT). This experiment was the repetition of the test measured in 1990 with improved data aquisition system. The first part of this report includes a short description of the facility, the measurement description, the test results including the local void measurement and a short interpretation of the main phenomena. In the second part of the report the analysis performed by the RELAP 5Mod3.1 and ATHLET Mod1.1 Cycle A codes are given.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-76 March 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Institute of Nuclear and Hadron Physics; Annual Report 1994

Prade, H.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-78
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Ag+ sensitive membran in sub-µm thickness prepared by ion implantation

Möller, D.; Pham, T.; Hüller, J.; Albrecht, J.

AG2S embedded into a 100 nm thin film of SiO2 was fabricated synthetically from ist constituents by ion implantation. The ion sensing characteristics of such film material for Ag+ were shown to be analogous to conventional bulk materials, giving sensitivities <=59 mV per concentration decade.

  • Analytica Chimica Acta (short communication), 306 (1995) 1-4

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Possible Impacts of Phosphate Influx on the Uranium Speciation and Migration in Seepage Waters

Brendler, V.; Geipel, G.; Bernhard, G.; Nitsche, H.

  • Poster
    "International Conference and Workshop Uranium-Mining and Hydrogeology"
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Intern. Conf. Workshop "Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology", 01.10.1995, Freiberg, Germany, Köln: Sven v. Loga, 61

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-315

Das Quark-Gluon-Plasma mit thermischen Partonenmassen und Konsequenzen des Modells für die thermische Dileptonenemission

Peshier, A.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-75
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Proceedings of the FOBOS workshop '94

Wagner, W.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-65
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry; Annual Report 1994

Johannsen, B.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-73
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Leckdetektion an komplizierten dreidimensionalen Topologien

Hessel, G.; Schmitt, W.; Weiß, F.-P.

The well-known methods of the acoustic leak localization using the attenuation differences or propagation time differences (e.g. cross correlation analysis) are restricted to the linear geometry of pipe lines. At complicated three-dimensional topologies they fail because there are several modes of the structure-borne sound that have different propagation velocities and because numerous connecting branches generate multiple sound reflexion. Therefore, a new method for detecting and localizing the leaks at complicated geometrical structures was developed and experimentally proved at an original facility. This approach is based on the detection of the leak induced airborne sound or structure-borne sound as well as on the application of pattern recognition procedures. The efficiency both of Fuzzy Logic and neural networks for the acoustic leak localization could be experimentally proved. Though the method has been prototypically developed for Russian pressurized water reactors of VVER-440 type, it can also be used by the self-learning capability of the classifiers at other pressurized facilities.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-67 Januar 1995
    ISSN: 1436-3976
  • Other report
    Abschlußbericht des SMWK-Forschungsvorhabens, FKZ 7541.83 - FZR/2 (1995), S. 1-15

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Institute of Safety Research; Annual Report 1993

Weiß, F.-P.; Rindelhardt, U.; (Editors)

The report gives an overview on the scientific work of the Institute of Safety Research in 1993.

  • Open Access Logo Forschungszentrum Rossendorf; FZR-68 Juni 1994
    ISSN: 1436-3976

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Speziation des Uraniums in Haldensickerwässern des Uranerzbergbaus

Geipel, G.; Bernhard, G.; Nitsche, H.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Kolloq., Okt., Freiberg

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-309

Laboratory Simulation for the Sorption of U, Th and Pb on Rock Materials from Uranium Mining

Thieme, M.; Geipel, G.; Bernhard, G.; Nitsche, H.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    "MIGRATION 95", Saint-Malo, 10.-15. Sept. 1995
  • Lecture (Conference)
    Int. Conf. and Workshop "Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology", Freiberg, 4.-6. Oct. 1995

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-308

Hadron Production in Proton-Proton Interactions at Medium Energies

Müller, H.

Hadron production in proton-proton interactions is described in the framework of a collision model, which aims at describing simultaneously all reaction channels in a wide energy region. An empirical matrix element based on the present knowledge of the partonic structure of hadrons is combined with the concept of intermediate subsystems and the calculation of modified statistical weights of the various final states. It is demonstrated that the energy dependence of total cross sections between threshold and about 50 GeV incident energy can be satisfactorily reproduced. This is the basis for concidering theoretical and experimental problems of K-, η and η´ production in more detail.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-307

Angular distribution and energy spread of a lithium liquid metal ion source

Hesse, E.; Bischoff, L.; Teichert, J.

For a lithium liquid metal ion source (LMIS) an especially high angular intensity and a low energy broadening is expected because of the low mass of lithium. For a Li LMIS the axial angular intensity and the FWHM of the energy distributation have been measured. The results have been compared with the theoretial predictions and with experimental results for gallium, the metal most widly used in LMIS. A correlation between angular intensity and the energy broadening is found. The Li LMIS has a high angular intensity, especially at low currents, compared to the Ga LMIS. With increasing emission current the rise of the angular intensity as well as the ernergy broadening is smaller than than for the gallium source.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-306

Gasgehaltsprofile in einer Blasenströmung bei erzwungener Konvektion

Prasser, H.-M.; Ringel, V.

Es ist bekannt, daß die Magnus-Kraft in einer aufwärtsgerichteten Zweiphasenströmung bei erzwungener Flüssigkeitsströmung aufgrund des Geschwindigkeitsprofils der Flüssigkeit in Richtung der Kanalwand wirkt. In einem senkrechten Rohr müßten demnach Gasgehaltsprofile zu beobachten sein, die in der Nähe der Rohrwand ihr Maximum aufweisen. In der Realität sind solche Profile nur bei sehr kleinen Gasvolumenstromdichten existent. Meist liegen Profile vor, die ein Maximum des Gasanteils im Zentrum der Rohrleitung aufweisen. Es wird vermutet, daß in diesem Fall die Turbulenz den Einfluß der Magnus-Kraft überwiegt und für die Herausbildung des Maximums im Zentrum verantwortlich ist. Zur genaueren Untersuchung des Übergangs zwischen den beiden Strömungsformen wurden Messungen der radialen Verteilung des volumetrischen Gasanteils an einer drucklosen, mit Luft-Wasser-Gemisch betriebenen Testschleife durchgeführt. Die Anlage verfügt über einen senkrechten Testkanal (NW 50). Zur Messung des Gasgehaltes dienten nadelförmige Leitfähigkeitssonden. Insgesamt wurden 8 Sonden über den Radius des Rohrs verteilt und deren Signale synchron aufgezeichnet. Die Lufteinspeisung erfolgte gleichmäßig über dem Querschnitt der Rohrleitung. Die maximalen Volumenstromdichte des Wassers betrug 2.8 m/s, der eingeperlte Gasstrom wurde von 0 bis ca. 0.4 m/s variiert. Durch eine Einlauflänge von 40 Rohrdurchmessern traten am Sondenkamm trotz der gleichmäßigen Einperlung ausgeprägte Gasgehaltsprofile auf. Dabei wurden für entsprechend kleine Luftdurchsätze Verteilungen erhalten, die ein stark ausgeprägtes Maximum am Rand der Rohrleitung aufweisen. Bei Vergrößerung des Luftstromes findet in einem bestimmten Durchsatzbereich ein kontinuierlicher Rückgang des Randmaximums statt. Gleichzeitig tritt das für die turbulente Verteilung typische Maximum im Zentrum auf und es stellt sich ein parabelförmiges Profil ein. Z.B. für eine Volumenstromdichte des Wassers von 0.7 m/s findet dieser Übergang bei einer Volumenstromdichte von ca. 0.2 m/s statt. Der Bereich der stabilen, durch die Magnus-Kraft gesteuerten Gasgehaltsverteilung wurde aufgezeichnet. Der Übergang zur parabelförmigen Verteilung des Gasgehalts verschiebt sich bei wachsender Wassergeschwindigkeit hin zu höheren Werten des Luftvolumenstroms.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Sitzung des GVC-Fachausschusses "Mehrphasenströmung", 16./17.2.1995, Magdeburg

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Use of a rotating magnatic field in vertical Bridgeman crystal growth - magnet design and model experiments

Gerbeth, G.; Gelfgat, Y. M.; Gorbunov, L.; Buhrig, E.; Wunderwald, U.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    11th International Conference on Crystal Growth, Den Haag, Niederlande, June 1995

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Generation Properties of a Laboratory MHD Dynamo Model

Gailitis, A.; Gerbeth, G.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    MAHID 95 - Konferenz, Riga, August 1995

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-303

Heat transfer experiments in a turbulent sodium MHD channel flow

Eckert, S.; Gerbeth, G.; Langenbrunner, H.; Witke, W.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    MAHID 95 - Konferenz, August 1995, Riga

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-302

Oblique hydrothermal wave instability of thermocapillary driven convection in a coplanar magnetic field

Priede, J.; Thess, A.; Gerbeth, G.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    9th European Symposium "Gravity Dependet Phenomena", Berlin, May 1995 und MAHID 95 - Konferenz, Riga, August 1995

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-301

Thermocapillary Bubble and Drop Migration in a Drop Tower Experiment

Treuner, M.; Langbein, D.; Galindo, V.; Gerbeth, G.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    9th European Aymposium "Gravity Dependent Phenomena", Berlin, May 1995

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-300

Pages: [1.] [2.] [3.] [4.] [5.] [6.] [7.] [8.] [9.] [10.] [11.] [12.] [13.] [14.] [15.] [16.] [17.] [18.] [19.] [20.] [21.] [22.] [23.] [24.] [25.] [26.] [27.] [28.] [29.] [30.] [31.] [32.] [33.] [34.] [35.] [36.] [37.] [38.] [39.] [40.] [41.] [42.] [43.] [44.] [45.] [46.] [47.] [48.] [49.] [50.] [51.] [52.] [53.] [54.] [55.] [56.] [57.] [58.] [59.] [60.] [61.] [62.] [63.] [64.] [65.] [66.] [67.] [68.] [69.] [70.] [71.] [72.] [73.] [74.] [75.] [76.] [77.] [78.] [79.] [80.] [81.] [82.] [83.] [84.] [85.] [86.] [87.] [88.] [89.] [90.] [91.] [92.] [93.] [94.] [95.] [96.] [97.] [98.] [99.] [100.] [101.] [102.] [103.] [104.] [105.] [106.] [107.] [108.] [109.] [110.] [111.] [112.] [113.] [114.] [115.] [116.] [117.] [118.] [119.] [120.] [121.] [122.] [123.] [124.] [125.] [126.] [127.] [128.] [129.] [130.] [131.] [132.] [133.] [134.] [135.] [136.] [137.] [138.] [139.] [140.] [141.] [142.] [143.] [144.] [145.] [146.] [147.] [148.] [149.] [150.] [151.] [152.] [153.] [154.] [155.] [156.] [157.] [158.] [159.] [160.] [161.] [162.] [163.] [164.] [165.] [166.] [167.] [168.] [169.] [170.] [171.] [172.] [173.] [174.] [175.] [176.] [177.] [178.] [179.] [180.] [181.] [182.] [183.] [184.] [185.] [186.] [187.] [188.] [189.] [190.] [191.] [192.] [193.] [194.] [195.] [196.] [197.] [198.] [199.] [200.] [201.] [202.] [203.] [204.] [205.] [206.] [207.] [208.] [209.] [210.] [211.] [212.] [213.] [214.] [215.] [216.] [217.] [218.] [219.] [220.] [221.] [222.] [223.] [224.] [225.] [226.] [227.] [228.] [229.] [230.] [231.] [232.] [233.] [234.] [235.] [236.] [237.] [238.] [239.] [240.] [241.] [242.] [243.] [244.] [245.] [246.] [247.] [248.] [249.] [250.] [251.] [252.] [253.] [254.] [255.] [256.] [257.] [258.] [259.] [260.] [261.] [262.] [263.] [264.] [265.] [266.] [267.] [268.] [269.] [270.] [271.] [272.] [273.] [274.] [275.] [276.] [277.] [278.] [279.] [280.] [281.] [282.] [283.] [284.] [285.] [286.] [287.] [288.] [289.] [290.] [291.] [292.] [293.] [294.] [295.] [296.] [297.] [298.] [299.] [300.] [301.] [302.] [303.] [304.] [305.] [306.] [307.] [308.] [309.] [310.] [311.] [312.] [313.] [314.] [315.] [316.] [317.] [318.] [319.] [320.] [321.] [322.] [323.] [324.] [325.] [326.] [327.] [328.] [329.] [330.] [331.] [332.] [333.] [334.] [335.] [336.] [337.] [338.] [339.] [340.] [341.] [342.] [343.] [344.] [345.] [346.] [347.] [348.] [349.] [350.]