Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

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41396 Publications

Fully automated radiosynthesis of both enantiomers of [18F]Flubatine under GMP conditions for human application

Patt, M.; Schildan, A.; Habermann, B.; Fischer, S.; Hiller, A.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Wilke, S.; Smits, R.; Hoepping, A.; Wagenknecht, G.; Steinbach, J.; Brust, P.; Sabri, O.

A fully automatized radiosynthesis of (+)- and (−)-[18F]Flubatine ((+)- and (−)NCFHEB) by means of a commercially available synthesis module (TRACERlab FX FN) under GMP conditions is reported. Radiochemical yields of 30% within an overall synthesis time of 40 min were achieved in more than 70 individual syntheses. Specific activities were approximately 3000 GBq/μmol and radiochemical purity was determined to be at least 97%.

Keywords: Fluorine-18; NCFHEB; Flubatine; α4β2 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; GMP; Automation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19102
Publ.-Id: 19102


Effect of the metal concentration on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of self-organized a-C:Cu hard nanocomposite coatings

Pardo, A.; Buijnsters, J. G.; Endrino, J. L.; Gómez-Aleixandre, C.; Abrasonis, G.; Bonet, R.; Caro, J.

The influence of the metal content (Cu: 0–28 at.%) on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties
of amorphous carbon films grown by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition is investigated.
Silicon and AISI 301 stainless steel have been used as substrate materials. The microstructure, composition
and bonding structure have been determined by scanning electron microscopy, combined Rutherford backscattered spectroscopy-nuclear reaction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The mechanical and tribological properties have been assessed using nanoindentation and reciprocating sliding (fretting tests) and these have been correlated with the elemental composition of the films. A self-organized multilayered structure consisting of alternating carbon and copper metal nanolayers (thickness in the 25–50 nm range), whose formation is enhanced by the Cu content, is detected. The nanohardness and Young’s modulus decrease monotonically with increasing Cu content. A maximum value of the Young’s modulus of about 255 GPa is obtained for the metal-free film, whereas it drops to about 174 GPa for the film with a Cu content of 28 at.%. In parallel, a 50% drop in the nanohardness from about 28 GPa towards 14 GPa is observed for these coatings. An increase in the Cu content also produces an increment of the coefficient of friction in reciprocating sliding tests performed against a corundum ball counterbody. As compared to the metal free film, a nearly four times higher coefficient of friction value is detected in the case of a Cu content of 28 at.%. Nevertheless, the carbon–copper composite coatings produced a clear surface protection of the substrate despite an overall increase in wear loss with increasing Cu content in the range 3–28 at.%.

Keywords: Amorphous carbon; Pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition; Multilayered a-C:Cu nanocomposite; Mechanical properties; Tribological properties

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19101
Publ.-Id: 19101


Metabolitenanalytik in der Entwicklung 18F-markierter Tracer für die Positronen Emissions Tomographie (PET)

Ludwig, F.-A.; Hiller, A.

  • Lecture (others)
    Kolloquium des Departments Analytical Chemistry des Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, 14.02.2013, Leipzig, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19100
Publ.-Id: 19100


Flow control during solidification of AlSi-alloys by means of tailored AC magnetic fields and the impact on the mechanical properties

Räbiger, D.; Willers, B.; Eckert, S.

This paper presents an experimental study which in a first stage is focused on obtaining quantitative information about the isothermal flow field exposed to various magnetic field configurations. Melt stirring has been realized by utilizing a rotating magnetic field. In a second step directional solidification of AlSi7 alloys from a water-cooled copper chill was carried out to verify the effect of a certain flow field on the solidification process and on the resulting mechanical properties. The solidified structure was reviewed in comparison to an unaffected solidified ingot. Measurements of the phase distribution, the grain size, the hardness and the tensile strength were realized. Our results demonstrate the potential of magnetic fields to control the grain size, the formation of segregation freckles and the mechanical properties. In particular, time–modulated rotating fields show their capability to homogenize both the grain size distribution and the corresponding mechanical properties.

Keywords: elektromagnetic stirring; mechanical properties; solidification

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The 6th International Conference on Solidification and Gravity, 02.-06.09.2013, Miskolc - Lillafüred, Hungary
  • Materials Science Forum 790-791(2014), 384-389
    DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.790-791.384
    Cited 1 times in Scopus
  • Contribution to proceedings
    The 6th International Conference on Solidification and Gravity, 02.-06.09.2013, Miskolc - Lillafüred, Hungary
    Solidification and Gravity VI: Trans Tech Publications, 978-3-03835-093-4, 384-389

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19099
Publ.-Id: 19099


Implantation Temperature Effects on the Nanoscale Optical Pattern Fabrication in a-SiC:H Films by Ga+ Focused Ion Beams

Tsvetkova, T.; Wright, C. D.; Hosseini, P.; Bischoff, L.; Zuk, J.

This work is related to a novel approach of providing some new generation ultrastable (> 50 years), ultrahigh density (> 1 Tbit/sq.in.) data storage for archival applications. We used ion-implantation to write nanoscale data into hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films. Wide bandgap a-SiC:H samples, Ga+ focused ion beam implanted, have been prepared. A range of samples has been focused ion beam patterned under dierent implantation conditions, with emphasis on dierent substrate temperatures (typically from 0C temperature to around room temperature). Some of the room temperature implanted samples were further annealed at +250C in vacuum. The focused ion beam patterned samples were then analysed using near-field techniques, like atomic force microscopy, to define optimum implantation conditions and the resulting consequences for archival data storage applications. The atomic force microscopy analysis of Ga+ focused ion beam implanted a-Si1-xCx:H samples at room temperature and at 0C revealed an increase of both the depth and the width of the individual lines within the focused ion beam written patterns at the lower temperature, as a result of an increased ion beam induced sputtering yield, in good agreement with the previous results for the case of Ga+ broad beam implantation in a-Si1-xCx:H and again suggesting that the best conditions for optical data storage for archival storage applications would be using Ga+ ion implantation in a-SiC:H films with an optimal dose at room temperatures. Similarly, the atomic force microscopy results confirm that no advantage is expected to result from post-implantation annealing treatments.

Keywords: data storage; hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide; Ga+ focused ion beam

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19098
Publ.-Id: 19098


Si-based light emitter in an integrated photonic circuit for smart biosensor applications

Germer, S.; Rebohle, L.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.

Integrated optics concerns mainly the generation, guiding, and detection of light. Especially bio sensing needs systems that incorporate electronic and photonic devices for the detection of harmful substances, like synthetic estrogens or plasticizers. We present recent developments in the integration of Si-based light emitters into a photonic circuit for a planar optical waveguide-based bio detection system. The growing demand for sensitive biochemical sensors in the environmental control, medicine or process technology results in the development of integrated sensors, which should show a high resolution over a wide concentration regime. In our first approach we deal with the integration of a Si-based light emitting device (LED) into a photonic circuit for the detection of harmful biological substances. Light injection into a waveguide is commonly obtained by using an external source coupled to the waveguide, e.g. an optical fiber via total internal reflection. For simplifying this injection process, we built Si-based LEDs consisting of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure, in which the oxide film contains group-IV and/or rare earth elements, incorporated by ion-beam synthesis [1, 2]. The Si-based LED exhibits strong electroluminescence, tunable from the visible up to the UV region depending on the rare-earth element (e.g. Gd, Tb, Eu, Nd, Er). Currently, the Si-based LEDs are already available and best efficiencies were achieved by Tb or Er implantation with an external quantum and power efficiency of 16% and 0.3%. LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) processing and an additional layer of SiON were applied to the device to improve the electrical stability and operation time. Our concept bases upon a Si-based photonic circuit which consists of the integrated LED, working as the light source, a newly fabricated dielectric strip-waveguide below a bioactive layer and a receiver. The dielectric strip-waveguide has a Si3N4 or SiON core, in which the light should be guided, and a cladding of SiO2. The receiver should be a photodiode (e.g. Ge, Si). In this work, we focus on the development and characterization of the dielectric waveguides. For theoretical pre-analysis we are using the finite element method by the FlexPDE software for calculating the mode profiles and resonance frequencies according to the cross sections of the structures. The fabrication of the waveguides was done by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), photolithography and electron beam lithography. Obtained SEM results enabled an improvement of the fabrication recipe of the waveguides by using an additional Al-masking during the reactive ion etching (RIE). Furthermore, a new measurement setup is built up, which enables transmission measurements and the inspection of the beam profiles as well as the damping factors of the structures in dependence on their cross sections. In future, the theoretical calculations are going to be compared with the experimental results of transmission and beam profiling measurements. Moreover, the Si-based LED should be coupled with the waveguide e.g. by Bragg grating. Finally, this lab-on-a-chip system is showing a high potential to become an all-round applicable integrated sensor system, without using any external light sources or relay lenses, which is why it should be easily portable and customizale.

Keywords: Si-based light emission; dielectric waveguide; biosensor; integrated photonic circuit

Related publications

  • Poster
    Mircotechnologies, 24.-26.04.2013, Grenoble, Frankreich
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Microtechnologies, 24.-26.04.2013, Grenoble, Frankreich
    Integrated Photonics: Materials, Devices, and Applications II; Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8768, 876710
    DOI: 10.1117/12.2017275
    Cited 19 times in Scopus

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19097
Publ.-Id: 19097


Conditions of magma crystallization in the Henties Bay-Outjo dyke swarm, Namibia: implications for the feeder system of continental flood basalts

Keiding, J. K.; Frei, O.; Renno, A. D.; Veksler, I. V.; Trumbull, R. B.

The Henties Bay-Outjo dyke swarm (HOD) in NW Namibia presents a well-exposed example of the magma feeder system for continental flood basalts. This study uses bulk-rock, mineral and melt inclusion compositions from dyke samples to define pressure-temperature crystallization conditions and thus contribute to understanding the magma plumbing and storage beneath the province. The thermobarometry calculations for near-equilibrium mineral-melt pairs (the latter proxied by whole-rock) indicate olivine crystallization at ~1170 to 1350°C and lower, overlapping, temperatures for clinopyroxene and plagioclase (~1070 to 1210°C) in keeping with the order of crystallization inferred from petrographic observation. The dykes yielding the highest temperatures (>1300 °C) are in a specific region of the HOD near the litho-tectonic boundary of the Neoproterozoic Kaoko and Damara Belts, where magma permeability of the crust may have been enhanced. Pressure estimates from clinopyroxene-melt pairs range from 0 to 10 kbar overall (13 dykes) indicating polybaric crystallization. The lowest pressures are recorded by clinopyroxene oikocrysts intergrown with plagioclase, which likely represent the dyke emplacement depths. Clinopyroxene phenocrysts and plagioclase free oikocryst cores yield a higher range of crystallization pressures at 4-6 kbar, corresponding to mid-crustal depths of 11-17 km. There is no spatial pattern in the pressure variations, suggesting a rather uniform level of magma stagnation and crystallization in all areas of the HOD. Partial crystallization at intermediate depths is consistent with the inference of entrained crystals and with geochemical evidence for crystal accumulation in some of the dykes. Comparison of model magma densities and the crustal density derived from seismic velocity profiles suggest the dyke magmas had positive buoyancy in the lower- and middle crust and near-neutral buoyancy in the upper crust. The depth of magma stagnation or pooling at 11-17 km depth may relate to this or to the brittle-ductile transition in the felsic Damara crust.

Keywords: Etendeka; Namibia; Thermobarometry; Magma plumbing; Dyke swarm

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19096
Publ.-Id: 19096


Radiolabelling and biodistribution studies of potential radioligands for PET-Imaging of CB2

Günther, R.; Teodoro, R.; Fischer, S.; Moldovan, R.-P.; Lueg, C.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Wünsch, B.; Brust, P.

The level of expression of cannabinoid receptors type 2 (CB2) in healthy and diseased brain has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, there is interest in the ultra-localisation of CB2 in brain. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a technique, which allows monitoring of very low amounts of radiolabelled compounds in living organisms. Here, we attached 18F as radiolabel at different sites of N-aryl-oxadiazolyl-propionamides as potential radioligands and investigated it’s influence on affinity and pharmacology of the compounds.

Methods: Compounds were synthesised according to our previously described route (Rühl et al. Org. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012; 2: 32). Affinities towards CB2 and CB1 were determined via competitive radioligand binding assays with XXX as blocking compound. For labelling of 1, a tosylat moiety as selected as optimal leaving group (LG). Labelling at the aromatic ring in 2 was achieved with trimethylammonium as LG. In vivo organ distribution was investigated on CD-1 mice by injection of ~ 300 kBq of radiotracer (in 200 ml isotonic solution) in the tail vein. At various times, the animals were anesthetized, organs of interest dissected and the percentage of injected dose per gram of wet tissue (% ID/g) calculated. Blocking studies were conducted by intraperitoneal pre-injection of 1 mg/kg SR144,528 dissolved in isotonic solution 10 min prior to the radiotracer. All animals were sacrificed at 60 min p.i., and radioactivity uptake was determined.

Results: 1) In both cases, good labelling yields (XX %) could be achieved.
2) The radiolabelled compounds show the same affinity and specificity towards CB2 as the reference compound. 3) The radiotracers undergo strong metabolism but 4) can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). After five minutes, approximately 2 to 4% of intact radiotracer was found in the plasma. Nevertheless, 36% of 18F1 and 80% of 18F2 could be observed in the brain after 30 minutes. The main metabolite could be identified as the free acid derivative, which has no affinity towards the CB receptors.

Conclusions: The introduction of 18F into the lead structure does not affect the affinity and the selectivity towards the CB2 receptor. The radiotracers cross the BBB. However, the compounds undergo strong metabolism in plasma.

  • Poster
    Cannabinoid Conference, 27.-28.09.2013, Köln, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19095
Publ.-Id: 19095


1-Arylimidazo[1,5-a]chinoxalininhibitoren als Leitsubstanzen zur Entwicklung eines PETTracers für die Phosphodiesterase 10A

Wagner, S.; Scheunemann, M.; Egerland, U.; Fischer, S.; Hoefgen, N.; Steinbach, J.; Brust, P.

Ziel/Aim:

Das Enzym Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) besitzt eine Schlüsselrolle in der zellulären Signaltransduktion. Das einzigartige Expressionsmuster der PDE10A mit fast ausschließlicher Expression im Striatum macht dieses Enzym zu einem interessanten Target zur Behandlung neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen, die mit einer striatalen Dysfunktion einhergehen, beispielsweise Schizophrenie.1 Molekulare Bildgebung mittels PET würde eine In-vivo-Untersuchung dieses Enzyms und seiner Expression in Zusammenhang mit neurologischen und pathologischen Prozessen erlauben.
Zu hochpotenten und selektiven PDE10A Inhibitoren zählt die Substanzklasse der 1-Arylimidazo[1,5-a]chinoxaline.2 Deren Wirkstoffstruktur wurde als Leitstruktur zur Entwicklung eines F-18 markierten PETTracers für die PDE10A gewählt.

Methodik/Methods:

Verschiedene Referenzverbindungen auf Basis des Imidazo[1,5-a]chinoxalingerüsts wurden durch Derivatisierung mit 2-Fluorpyridinresten hergestellt. Die ortho-Position zum Stickstoff des Pyridinrings wurde gewählt, um die nukleophile Einführung eines F-18 in einer späteren Radiosynthese zu erleichtern und hohe spezifische Aktivitäten zu erzielen. Die Identität und Reinheit der Referenzverbindungen wurden mittels NMR, HRMS und HPLC bestimmt. Die inhibitorische Wirksamkeit auf humane, rekombinante PDE10A wurde in Enzymassays bestimmt.

Ergebnisse/Results:

Das benötigte Imidazo[1,5-a]chinoxalingerüst wurde erfolgreich über eine Mehrstufensynthese ausgehend von 2,6-Difluoranillin hergestellt. Zur Einführung unterschiedlicher 2-Fluorpyridinhaltiger Reste wurde die Palladium-katalysierte Suzuki-Kupplung verwendet. Durch eine Variation in der Reaktionssequenz konnte dieser Rest an unterschiedlichen Positionen des aromatischen Systems eingeführt werden (siehe Abbildung). Die erzielten Referenzverbindungen zeigten in Untersuchungen zur inhibitorischen Wirksamkeit eine hohe Affinität zu PDE10A (IC50 < 10 nM) und erwiesen sich als sehr selektiv für PDE10A im Vergleich zu anderen Phosphodiesterasen. Ein hochaffines Derivat wurde als Leitsubstanz ausgewählt, um ein F-18 markiertes Derivat herzustellen. Zurzeit wird an der organischen Synthese eines geeigneten Präkursors für die Radiosynthese gearbeitet.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Über einen divergenten Syntheseschritt, die Suzuki-Kupplung, wurden unterschiedliche 2-Fluorpyridinsubstituierte Inhibitoren hergestellt. Durch eine Variation der Reaktionssequenz war dies an unterschiedlichen Positionen möglich. Die pharmakologische Evaluierung zeigte, dass alle Referenzverbindungen sehr affin und selektiv sind.

Referenzen/References:

[1] Kehler et. al. Curr. Pharm. Design, 2011, 17, 137-150.
[2] Malamas et. al. J. Med. Chem. 2011,54, 7621-7638.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    21. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Radiochemie/Radiopharmazie - AGRR2013, 12.-14.09.2013, Pamhagen, Austria

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19094
Publ.-Id: 19094


Excitons in strong, narrowband terahertz fields: Rabi splitting and beyond

Helm, M.; Teich, M.; Wagner, M.; Stehr, D.; Winnerl, S.; Schneider, H.; Klettke, A. C.; Chatterjee, S.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.

Excitons possess a hydrogen-like internal excitation spectrum with a characteristic energy scale in the THz range. We explore these internal degrees of freedom by using an intense THz free-electron laser to pump the 1s-2p intraexcitonic transition in GaAs and InGaAs multiquantum wells. The induced absorption changes are probed via interband absorption using a near-infrared femtosecond laser. We observe a splitting of the 1s exciton line, which can be explained by the Autler-Townes effect, also called AC Stark or Rabi splitting [1]. The behavior is, however, much more complex than for an ideal two-level system. Since for electric fields in the 10 kV/cm range the Rabi energy is already of the same order of magnitude as the 1s-2p transition energy, we are in fact clearly beyond the validity of the rotating wave approximation. At the highest fields, when also the ponderomotive energy (e2F2/4mw2) approaches the exciton binding energy, signatures of exciton field ionization are observed. Microscopic calculations based on the semiconductor Bloch equations including THz interaction show that the spectra can be reproduced, if the full set of higher exciton states is taken into account [2].
The experiments would not have been possible without the high-quality multiquantum well samples grown and provided to us by A. M. Andrews and G. Strasser (TU Vienna, Austria), and by G. Khitrova and H. M. Gibbs (Univ. Arizona, Tucson, USA), whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged.

Keywords: excitons; Autler Townes; Stark effect; Rabi splitting; terahertz; free electron laser; quantum well

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Fundamental optical processes in semiconductors (FOPS 2013), 12.-16.08.2013, Kodiak, Alaska, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19092
Publ.-Id: 19092


TRI3DYN – Collisional computer simulation of the dynamic evolution of 3-dimensional nanostructures under ion irradiation

Möller, W.

A computer program is described which allows fully three-dimensional dynamic collisional simulations of ion irradiation effects in particular in nanosystems. The program is based on the well-known TRIDYN code which describes dynamic modifications along one dimension. In a computational volume composed of fixed and equisized voxels, local atomic density changes due to ion implantation or recoil relocation are relaxed to constant predefined atomic volumes. This is accomplished by interaction with neighboring voxels and by material transport from and to the surface. Arbitrary initial system shapes and elemental distribution can be defined as well as a wide range of irradiation conditions including non-uniform beam profiles. The paper addresses details of the involved algorithms, discusses potential artifacts with respect to surface sputtering, broadening of compositional profiles and surface contours. It demonstrates the capabilities of the program on the basis of examples for focused ion beam erosion, self-organized surface pattering, and ion implantation and sputter-shaping of nanostructures.

Keywords: Ion Irradiation; Dynamic Computer Simulation; Binary Collision Approximation; Nanostructures; 3D

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19091
Publ.-Id: 19091


Extracellular S100A4 as a mediator of metastasis in human melanoma cells

Wolf, S.; Tandler, N.; Haase-Kohn, C.; Lenk, J.; Mosch, B.; Pietzsch, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 116

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19090
Publ.-Id: 19090


Macrophages modulate prometastatic phenotype of human melanoma cells – role of EphB4, EphB6, and ephrinB2

Neuber, C.; Mosch, B.; Pietzsch, J.

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 91

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19089
Publ.-Id: 19089


Radiosensitization of melanoma cells by a novel triaryl-olefine based selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor containing a nitric oxide-releasing moiety

Bechmann, N.; Tondera, C.; Sehn, F.; Mosch, B.; Kniess, T.; Pietzsch, J.

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 91

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19088
Publ.-Id: 19088


Visualization of cyclooxygenase-2 by confocal laser induced cryofluorescence microscopy at 20 K using a novel autofluorescent inhibitor in amelanotic and melanotic melanoma cells

Tondera, C.; Laube, M.; Wimmer, C.; Kniess, T.; Mosch, B.; Großmann, K.; Pietzsch, J.

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 90

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19087
Publ.-Id: 19087


Macrophage-derived S100A4 modulates invasiveness of melanoma cells

Haase-Kohn, C.; Wolf, S.; Tandler, N.; Mosch, B.; Pietzsch, J.

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 90

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19086
Publ.-Id: 19086


Effects of EphA2 receptor regulation on metastasis of melanoma cells

Mosch, B.; Neuber, C.; Reissenweber, B.; Tandler, N.; Pietzsch, J.

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 89

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19085
Publ.-Id: 19085


Eph receptor and ephrin gene expression and protein synthesis in normoxic and hypoxic human melanoma cell lines

Pietzsch, J.; Reissenweber, B.; Neuber, C.; Mosch, B.

  • Poster
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 88-89

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19084
Publ.-Id: 19084


Establishment of an EphB4 receptor overexpressing A375 melanoma tumor xenograft model: investigation of melanoma growth, (lymph)angiogenesis, and characterization of EphB4-targeted radiotracers

Neuber, C.; Mamat, C.; Mosch, B.; Bergmann, R.; Pietzsch, J.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 14

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19083
Publ.-Id: 19083


Extracellular S100A4 interacts with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) resulting in prometastatic effects in human melanoma cells

Tandler, N.; Haase-Kohn, C.; Wolf, S.; Mosch, B.; Pietzsch, J.

kein Abstract verfügbar

  • Lecture (Conference)
    8th World Congress of Melanoma, 9th Congress of the European Association of Dermatology (EADO), 7th Interdisciplinary Melanoma/Skin Cancer Meeting, and the 3rd European Post-Chicago Melanoma Meeting, 17.-20.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(2013), 14

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19082
Publ.-Id: 19082


Silicon Nanoparticles: From Synthesis, Characterization to Application in Biomedicine

Hsu, C.-W.; Licciardello, N.; Septiadi, D.; Hunoldt, S.; Viehweger, K.; Stephan, H.; de Cola, L.

Silicon Nanoparticles (Si NPs) have been studied for twenty years, and recently they have received a lot of attention because of their potential use in in vitro1and in vivo imaging2,3. Indeed Si NPs have shown no toxicity when uptaken by cells4, and display interesting luminescence properties as well as photo- and electro- stability which are suitable also for photoelectron application.5,6 Here we report on the synthesis of Si NPs via wet chemistry methods either by reducing Si(OMe)4 in reverse micelle1,7 or oxidizing Mg2Si8. The size of Si NPs is 1.6 nm and 3.9 nm, respectively. The Si NPs have been characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and their photophysical properties were investigated. The Si NPs exhibit very bright luminescence that is strongly dependent on their size, as already known, and can be functionalized with a variety of groups allowing different solubility and further derivatization. We indeed show that different labels can be covalently attached and even targeting groups can be attached for multimodal bio-imaging. The first experiments in in vivo conditions will be shown to demonstrate the potentiality of these ultrasmall particles.

References
[1] R. D. Tilley, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4550 -4554.
[2] P. N. Prasad, et al. ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 5131-5138.
[3] P. N. Prasad, et al. ACS Nano, 2011, 5, 413-423.
[4] N. S. Wang, et al. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2009, 29, 52-60
[5] G. A. Ozin, et al. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1585-1590.
[6] M. P. M. Jank, et al. small 2011, 7, 2853-2857.
[7] L. De Cola, et al. small, 2008, 4, 1835-1841.
[8] S. M. Kauzlarich, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5191-5195.
P

  • Poster
    26th International Photochemistry Conference (ICP2013), 21.-26.07.2013, Leuven, Belgium

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19081
Publ.-Id: 19081


Optimization of the bispidine structure for copper radiopharmaceuticals

Comba, P.; Hunoldt, S.; Morgen, M.; Steinbach, J.; Stephan, H.

Rigid bispidine (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) derivatives form very stable complexes, particularly with first row transition metal ions. Furthermore, the bispidine skeleton opens suitable pathways to introduce biomolecules, which are important concerning the pharmaceutical targeting of such complexes. Therefore, bispidines are attractive bifunctional chelating agents for the development of target-specific copper-based radiopharmaceuticals.
In order to optimize the radiopharmaceutical behavior, further bispidine ligands have been developed with different denticity (tetra-, penta- and hexadentate), with pyridine and/or methoxypyridine donor groups and with the possibility to introduce functionalities, such as targeting units and fluorescence labels in view of pharmaceutical targeting and dual labeling (PET and optical imaging).
These ligands and the important properties of their CuII complexes, e. g. stabilities, ligand exchange kinetics, partition coefficients (64Cu: n-octanol/water) and biodistribution studies will be reported.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    XXIV. International Conference on Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry (ICCBIC), 02.-07.06.2013, Smolenice, Slovakia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19080
Publ.-Id: 19080


Recent Trends in Bioorthogonal Click-Radiolabeling Reactions Using Fluorine-18

Pretze, M.; Pietzsch, D.; Mamat, C.

The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile bioorthogonal conjugation techniques especially for the radiolabeling of biologically active high molecular weight compounds like peptides, proteins or antibodies. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min) proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabeling of these biologically active molecules represents an outstanding challenge and is of enormous interest. Special attention has to be paid to the method of 18F-introduction. It should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. For these reasons and due to the high number of functional groups found in these compounds, a specific labeling procedure has to be developed for every bioactive macromolecule. Bioorthogonal strategies including the Cu-assisted Huisgen cycloaddition and its copper-free click variant, both Staudinger Ligations or the tetrazine-click reaction have been successfully applied and represent valuable alternatives for the selective introduction of fluorine-18 to overcome the afore mentioned obstacles. This comprehensive review deals with the progress and illustrates the latest developments in the field of bioorthogonal labeling with the focus on the preparation of radiofluorinated building blocks and tracers for molecular imaging.

Keywords: Staudinger ligation; Huisgen click reaction; bioorthogonal; radiolabeling; tetrazine

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19079
Publ.-Id: 19079


Partikelentstehung und –transport im DWR-Kern

Alt, S.; Kästner, W.; Renger, S.; Seeliger, A.; Kryk, H.; Hoffmann, W.

Bei postulierten Kühlmittelverluststörfällen (KMV) in Druckwasserreaktoren können Korrosionsprozesse an feuerverzinkten Einbauten des Containments auftreten und in Folge dessen einen starken Anstieg der Zinkkonzentration im Kühlmittel bewirken. An Heißstellen wie z. B. an Brennstab-Hüllrohren können sich die Zink-Korrosionsprodukte unter Umständen schichtbildend abscheiden. Neben der Abscheidung von Zinkborat, die bei Kühlmitteltemperaturen von 90 °C beobachtet wurde, kann durch Thermohydrolyse eine Umwandlung in schwerer lösliche Verbindungen bis hin zum Zinkoxid erfolgen und durch anwachsende Ablagerungen die thermofluiddynamischen Prozesse im Kern beeinflussen. Eine Freisetzung von Partikelsystemen mit breitem Größenspektrum, welche sich an Kernkomponenten oder Rückhaltevorrichtungen anlagern können, ist hierbei durch das Abplatzen von Partikelagglomeraten aus den Abscheidungen und im Kern ablaufende Kristallisations- und Umwandlungsprozesse möglich. Nach dem Einsetzen des Korrosionsprozesses erfolgt nachweislich auch nach Entfernung der Korrosionsquellen eine weitere Abscheidung von Zink-Korrosionsprodukten an Heißstellen. Es existiert somit eine Quelle für die Bildung unlöslicher Feststoffe im Primärkreis in der Spätphase eines KMV.
Im Rahmen eines BMWi-Verbundprojektes (FKZ 1501430 und 1501431) werden die physikochemischen Grundlagen und die thermohydraulischen Auswirkungen der Zink-Korrosionsproduktbildung und –ablagerung mit Hilfe von Experimenten an unikalen Versuchseinrichtungen des HZDR bzw. der HS Zittau/Görlitz untersucht.

Keywords: reactor safety; pressurized water reactor; loss-of-coolant accident; LOCA; corrosion; zinc borate

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Jahrestagung Kerntechnik, 14.-16.05.2013, Berlin, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Jahrestagung Kerntechnik, 14.-16.05.2013, Berlin, Deutschland
    Jahrestagung Kerntechnik, Annual Meeting on Nuclear Technology, Documentation CD-ROM

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19078
Publ.-Id: 19078


Regularization of flow reversals in a MHD Rayleigh-Benard convection

Tasaka, Y.; Igaki, K.; Yanagisawa, T.; Vogt, T.; Eckert, S.

In this paper Rayleigh-Benard convection has been investigated under the influence of a DC magnetic field. Similar configurations can be found in geophysical or steel production. Our group reported recently that spontaneous flow reversals of quasi two-dimensional rolls randomly occur in Rayleigh-Benard convection of liquid metal exposed to a horizontal magnetic field (Yanagisawa, et al., PRE, 2011). In fluid layers with relatively large aspect ratios (see Fig.1 (a)) the convection roll pattern becomes isotropic. However, the rolls are aligned with the magnetic field direction if the Lorentz force becomes comparable to the buoyancy or larger. In our experiment, where the fluid layer has a dimension of 200 * 200 * 40 mm (corresponding to an aspect ratio of 5), the convection pattern can show 3, 4 or 5 rolls regimes depending on the Rayleigh number Ra and the Chandrasekhar number Q. Flow reversals occur spontaneously between these steady states in the Ra-Q parameter space. A new regime has been found in experiments conducted at Chandrasekhar numbers in a magnetic system at HZDR. In this regime the flow reversals occur regularly. The non-dimensional characteristic time of the reversal normalized by circulation time of the roll is around 100, being similar to the characteristic time of the ‘random’ flow reversals reported by Yanagisawa, et al. Detailed observations reveal that movements of each cell toward the reversal start just after the last reversal occurs unlike the random flow reversals.

Keywords: Rayleigh-Benard convection; liquid metal; DC magnetic field; flow measurements; ultrasound Doppler velocimetry

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Bifurcations & Instabilities in Fluid Dynamics - 5th International Symposium, 08.-11.07.2013, Haifa, Israel

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19077
Publ.-Id: 19077


Neutron total cross section measurements of gold and tantalum at the nELBE photoneutron source

Hannaske, R.; Elekes, Z.; Beyer, R.; Junghans, A.; Bemmerer, D.; Birgersson, E.; Ferrari, A.; Grosse, E.; Kempe, M.; Kögler, T.; Marta, M.; Massarczyk, R.; Matic, A.; Schramm, G.; Schwengner, R.; Wagner, A.

Neutron total cross sections of 197Au and natTa have been measured at the nELBE photoneutron source in the energy range from 0.1 – 10 MeV with a statistical uncertainty of up to 2% and a total systematic uncertainty of 1%. This facility is optimized for the fast neutron energy range and combines an excellent time structure of the neutron pulses (electron bunch width 5 ps) with a short flight path of 7 m. Because of the low instantaneous neutron flux transmission measurements of neutron total cross sections are possible, that exhibit very different beam and background conditions than found at other neutron sources.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19076
Publ.-Id: 19076


Asymmetries of azimuthal photon distributions in non-linear Compton scattering in ultra-short intense laser pulses

Seipt, D.; Kämpfer, B.

Non-linear Compton scattering in ultra-short intense laser pulses is discussed with the focus on angular distributions of the emitted photon energy. This is an observable which is accessible easily experimentally. Asymmetries of the azimuthal distributions are predicted for both linear and circular polarization. We present a systematic survey of the influence of the laser intensity, the carrier envelope phase and the laser polarization on the emission spectra for single-cycle and few-cycle laser pulses. For linear polarization, the dominant direction of the emission changes from a perpendicular pattern with respect to the laser polarization at low-intensity to a dominantly parallel emission for high-intensity laser pulses.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19075
Publ.-Id: 19075


Equation of State and Viscosities from a Gravity Dual of the Gluon Plasma

Yaresko, R.; Kämpfer, B.

.Employing new precision data of the equation of state of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory (gluon plasma) the dilaton potential of the gravity dual is adjusted in the temperature range (1 - 10) T_c in a bottom-up approach. The ratio of bulk viscosity to shear viscosity follows then as zeta/eta approx\pi Delta v_s^2 for Delta v_s^2 < 0.2 and achieves a maximum value of 0.95 at Delta v_s^2 approx 0.32, where Delta v_s^2 is the non-conformality measure, while the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density is known as (4 \pi)^{-1} for the considered special set-up with Hilbert action on the gravity side.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19074
Publ.-Id: 19074


PEnELOPE - a diodepumped, high-energy, chirped-pulse laser amplifier

Siebold, M.; Loeser, M.; Albach, D.; Roeser, F.; Schramm, U.

We present principle setup and design parameters of the PENELOPE system. It is scheduled as a direct diode-pumped PW system for laser-plasma experiments. The five-stage chirped pulse amplifier chain with a target pulse energy of 200J is based on Yb:CaF2.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Advance Lasers and Photon Sources (ALPS), 23.-25.04.2013, Yokohama, Japan

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19073
Publ.-Id: 19073


A pulsed, high-repetition laser source for laser cooling at storage rings

Siebold, M.

We present an all diode-pumped picosecond solid-state Master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) for extending laser ion-cooling to broad momentum spread applications. The challenge of the system lies in the generation of bandwidth-limited pulses with a pulse duration of 70ps and energies at the 100µJ level. The pulses with a duration of 170fs were generated in a commercial Yb:KGW mode-locked oscillator with a repetition-rate of 50MHz. Inside a subsequent regenerative amplifier with an intra-cavity dielectric grating the pulse bandwidth is reduced by 5 orders of magnitude which corresponds to 20pm at a center-wavelength of 1028nm. The system allows a tuning range between 1028 and 1032nm. Finally, the output is frequency quadrupled (forth harmonic generation) to 257nm, which is in the range of the cw laser lines used for laser-cooling. Due to thermal and damage issues the average power was limited to 50mW in the infra-red at a maximum repetition rate of 500Hz.

Keywords: laser cooling; picosecond pulses; diode-pumping; UV-light generation

  • Lecture (others)
    China-Germany Symposium for ”Laser Cooling at Storage Rings", 06.-10.05.2013, Lanzhou, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19072
Publ.-Id: 19072


High‐energy, Yb:LuAG and Yb:YAG active mirror amplifiers

Loeser, M.

We report the first short-pulse amplification results to several hundred millijoule energies in ceramic Yb:LuAG. We have demonstrated ns-pulse output from a diode-pumped Yb:LuAG disk amplifier at a maximum energy of 580 mJ and a peak optical-to-optical efficiency of 28% at 550 mJ. We also compare our results with Yb:YAG within the same amplifier system based on active mirror design. Previous works reporting on diode-pumped Yb:YAG amplifiers with similar pulse energies or even more than 1 J either demonstrated a maximum optical-to-optical efficiency around 10% or relied on cryogenic cooling, and/or based on bulk material. While cryogenically cooled lasers allow for even higher efficiencies the gain spectrum is narrowed dramatically for both Yb:YAG and Yb:LuAG. Pulses as short as 2 ps, corresponding to a gain bandwidth of about 1 nm, can be amplified at room temperature, whereas at liquid nitrogen temperature the gain bandwidth reduces by about one order of magnitude. Hence, we also studied the spectral response of both materials at room temperature. Although the peak absorbtion cross section of Yb:LuAG around 940 nm is lower compared to Yb:YAG the broader absorption spectrum is more suitable for using pump diodes without wavelength stabilization. Furthermore, we report on CPA-free picosecond amplification to the 100mJ level in Yb:YAG demonstrating the potential of the active mirror approach for efficient energy extraction at low fluences without optical damage or nonlinear effects such as self phase modulation (SPM) or self-focusing.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Workshop on High-energy class diode-pumped solid-state lasers (HEC-DPSSL), 11.-14.09.2012, Tahoe City, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19071
Publ.-Id: 19071


Current status of the PEnELOPE project

Siebold, M.

With the first demonstration of direct diode-pumped TW lasers with pulse energies of 1 J and more a scaling of this approach for use in PW-class laser systems became feasible. The Helmholtz-Centre Dresden-Rossendorf is now planning to build a fully diode-pumped Petawatt laser for laser-particle acceleration research. Within the PEnELOPE project (Petawatt, Energy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments) a pulse energy of 150 J, a repetition rate around 1 Hz and a pulse duration of 150 fs after compression are desired. In order to minimize the required pump peak power and therefore the initial costs a broad-band Ytterbium doped laser material with a long fluorescence lifetime (i.e. Yb:glass or Yb:CaF2) is chosen. A total pump peak-power of 1.2 MW is scheduled assuming a pump pulse duration of 2 ms and an envisioned optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 10% before compression. Pulses as short as 60 fs having an energy of 25 nJ are generated in a commercial Yb:KGW oscillator at a center wavelength of 1035 nm. In order to employ CPA technique the pulses are stretched to 2 ns in a grating stretcher having grating constant of 1760 lines per mm. The amplifier-chain consists of a regenerative amplifier and 4 subsequent multipass amplifiers. While the regenerative amplifier produces a gain 40.000 gain narrowing is required to be suppressed by intra-cavity spectral shaping. At the sub-mJ energy level a bandwidth of 25 nm was achieved out of the regenerative amplifier. Two booster amplifiers with an energy of 100mJ and 1J output were also demonstrated. The full amplifier system will consist of two more multipass amplifiers each having a gain of 10-16 in order to achieve the desired pulse energy.

  • Lecture (others)
    Workshop on High-energy class diode-pumped solid-state lasers (HEC-DPSSL), 11.-14.09.2012, Tahoe City, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19070
Publ.-Id: 19070


High intensity lasers – new developments and applications.

Siebold, M.

Basics of ultra-short pulse generation and amplication towards high energies are presented. We focussed on scaling issues and applications of high-intensity laser systems. Furthermore, diode-pumping of high energy lasers was discussed.

  • Lecture (others)
    Summer School ”Trends and new developments in Laser Technology, 28.08.2012, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19069
Publ.-Id: 19069


Efficient Burst Mode Amplifier for Ultra-Short Pulses Based on Cryogenically Cooled Yb3+:CaF2

Koerner, J.; Hein, J.; Liebetrau, H.; Seifert, R.; Kloepfel, D.; Kahle, M.; Loeser, M.; Siebold, M.; Schramm, U.; Kaluza, M. C.

We present a novel approach for the amplification of high peak power femtosecond laser pulses at a high repetition rate. This approach is based on an all-diode pumped burst mode laser scheme. In this scheme, pulse bursts with a total duration between 1 and 2 ms can be generated and amplified, containing between 50 and 2000 individual pulses equally spaced in time. The individual pulses have an initial duration of 350 fs and are stretched to 50 ps in a chirped pulse amplification scheme. The first amplifier stage, which is described in detail in this work, is based on Yb3+:CaF2 cooled to 100 K. In this amplifier, a total output energy in excess of 600 mJ per burst at a repetition rate of 10 Hz is demonstrated. For lower repetition rates the total output energy per burst can be scaled to 915 mJ at longer pump duration. This corresponds to an efficiency as high as 25% from absorbed pump energy to extracted energy. This is – to our knowledge – the highest efficiency, which has so far been demonstrated for a pulsed Yb3+:CaF2 amplifier.

Keywords: Lasers and laser optics; Laser amplifiers; Lasers, pulsed; Lasers, solid-state; Lasers, ytterbium; Ultrafast lasers

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19068
Publ.-Id: 19068


Interaction of Europium and Nickel with calcite studied by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Sabau, A.; Pipon, Y.; Toulhoat, N.; Lomenech, C.; Jordan, N.; Moncoffre, N.; Barkleit, A.; Marmier, N.; Brendler, V.; Surblé, S.; Giffaut, E.

This study aims at elucidating the mechanisms regulating the interaction of Eu and Ni with calcite (CaCO3). Calcite powders or single crystals (some mm sized) have been put into contact with Eu or Ni enriched solutions. The concentrations ranged from 10−3 to 10−5 mol.L−1 for Eu and 10−3 mol.L−1 for Ni and the sorption durations ranged from one week to one month. In order to elucidate the retention mechanisms of these elements into calcite, Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) has been carried out. This technique is well adapted to discriminate incorporation processes such as: (i) adsorption or co precipitation at the mineral surfaces or, (ii) incorporation into the mineral structure (through diffusion for instance). Moreover, using the fluorescence properties of Europium, the results have been compared to those obtained by Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS) on calcite powders. For the single crystals, complementary SEM observations of the mineral surfaces at low voltage have also been carried out. Results show that Ni accumulates at the calcite surface whereas Eu is also incorporated at a greater depth. Eu seems therefore to be incorporated into two different states in calcite: (i) heterogeneous surface accumulation and (ii) incorporation at depth greater than 160 nm after 1 month of sorption. Ni was found to accumulate at the surface of calcite without incorporation.

Keywords: calcite; europium; nickel; RBS; TRLFS, sorption; incorporation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19067
Publ.-Id: 19067


Time-dependent ion heating and ionization dynamics– probing complex plasma dynamics inside solid target with XFEL

Huang, L.; Kluge, T.; Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Gutt, C.; Li, R.; Yu, W.; Bussmann, M.; Cowan, T. E.

We investigate bulk ion heating in solid CD2-Al-CD2 buried layer targets and ionization dynamics in solid copper target irradiated by ultra-short relativistic laser pulses. The potential techniques such as small angle X-ray scattering, Faraday rotation, and resonant coherent X-ray diffraction imaging to probe relative physical processes in high power laser plasma interactions using X-ray free-electron lasers are also presented.

Keywords: Ion heating; Ionization; XFEL probing

  • Poster
    Kick Off Meeting for the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) at the European XFEL, 02.-05.06.2013, Hamburg, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19063
Publ.-Id: 19063


Fluorine containing 6,7-dialkoxybiaryl-based inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 10A: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of inhibition potency, selectivity and metabolism

Schwan, G.; Asskar, G. B.; Höfgen, N.; Kubicova, L.; Funke, U.; Egerland, U.; Zahn, M.; Nieber, K.; Scheunemann, M.; Sträter, N.; Brust, P.; Briel, D.

Based on the potent phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor PQ-10, we have synthesised thirty-two derivatives to determine relationships between their molecular structure and binding properties. Their roles as potential positron emission tomography (PET) ligands as well as the inhibitory potency to PDE10A and other PDEs have been evaluated and the metabolic stability has been determined in vitro. According to our findings, halogenalkyl substituents at position 2 of the quinazoline moiety and/or halogenalkyloxy substituents at position 6 or 7 affect not only the compounds' affinity, but also their selectivity. As a result of substituting the methoxy group for a monofluoroethoxy or difluoroethoxy group (19d and 19c) at position 6 of the quinazoline ring, the selectivity to PDE10A primarily increased compared to PDE3A. The same result was obtained by 6,7-difluoride substitution on the quinoxaline moiety (35). Finally, the fluorinated compounds 16a, 19a-d, 29 and 35 (IC50 PDE10A 11-65 nM) showed the highest inhibitory potential. Further, fluoroethoxy substitution at position 7 of the quinazoline ring improved metabolic stability in comparison to the lead structure, PQ-10.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19062
Publ.-Id: 19062


Pattern Formation by Focused Polyatomic Ion Beam Irradiation on GaAs

Bischoff, L.; Böttger, R.; Facsko, S.; Schmidt, B.; Pilz, W.

Surface patterning by ion beams is a well-established technique to create self-organized regular surface patterns. The type of these patterns depends on the ion species, their energy, fluence, target temperature and angle of incidence. Emerging applications of these patterns are under discussion in particular for electronic, photonic and magnetic nano devices. The irradiation of different matter with focused monatomic ions like Ga or Bi is a well-known application. Here, a novel approach is presented, the use of heavy polyatomic Bi2+ and Bi3+ ions, promising high intensity sputtering and new kinds of surface morphology. The ultra-heavy Bi ions emitted from a liquid metal ion source (LMIS) in a mass separated FIB instrument are directed to the GaAs surface. Whereas the irradiation with monatomic Bi-ions at normal incidence creates a deep sputtering crater without any strong pattering or Ga precipitates on the crater bottom which is still known from Ga FIB irradiation. But the much heavier projectiles Bi2+ and Bi3+ lead also to a Ga droplet formation on the GaAs crater base. With increasing projectile mass, i.e. higher deposited energy in the stopping cascade of polyatomic ions more and also smaller Ga droplets are found. The phenomenon of surface evolution investigated for monatomic as well as heavy Au and Bi dimer and trimer ions is presented in dependence of the ion species, the energy, the angle of incidence as well as the target temperature in the range from RT up to 400°C.

Keywords: Surface patterning; GaAs; FIB; LMIS; droplets; angle dependence

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    18th International Conference on Surface Modification of Materials by Ion Beams, 15.-20.09.2013, Kusadasi, Izmir, Turkey

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19060
Publ.-Id: 19060


Angle-dependent sputtering and pattern formation by polyatomic ion irradiation

Bischoff, L.; Schmidt, B.; Böttger, R.; Pilz, W.

The very high erosion rates of heavy projectiles, in particular Bi dimer and trimer ions on different substrates were investigated in relation to the ion incidence angle. In the case of high angle irradiation attended by a ripple structure formation the erosion rate is decreased due to the wide variety of surface angles faced to the beam. On the eroded surfaces very regular, high-amplitude dot and ripple patterns on Ge and Si are formed under the heavy polyatomic ion impacts, which differs significantly from surface mor-phologies formed by monatomic ion irradiation [1]. Dot and ripple heights equal to their wavelengths can be achieved. The Bi2+ and Bi3+ ions are extracted from a liquid metal ion source [2], are mass separated, focused and scanned using a focused ion beam sys-tem. Studies are performed for fluences of 1e14 to 1e17 ions/cm2 in the ion impact angle range from normal to 85°. In Ge hexagonally ordered dot patterns with ~30 nm diameter and nearly the same height are found in the incidence angle range from 0° to 30° for Bi3++ ions [3] followed by a smoothening region up to 60°. Incidence angles from 60° to 80° cause a pronounced ripple structure on the Ge surface. For nearly grazing incidence, shingles perpendicular to the beam direction are found. FIB cross section imaging shows that the slope of the shingles is parallel to the ion incidence direction. The angle-dependent behaviour of pattern formation is summarized in a phase diagram.
[1] R. Böttger, L. Bischoff, K.-H. Heinig, W. Pilz and B. Schmidt, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 30 (2012) 06FF12.
[2] L. Bischoff, W. Pilz, P. Mazarov and A.D. Wieck, Applied Physics A99 (2010) 145.
[3] L. Bischoff, K.-H. Heinig, B. Schmidt, S. Facsko and W. Pilz, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 272 (2012) 198.

Keywords: Bi dimer and trimer ions; FIB; liquid metal ion source; germanium; dots; ripple; shingle

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The 17th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators, 30.06.-05.07.2013, Helsinki, Finland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19059
Publ.-Id: 19059


Zugang zu potenziellen Metaboliten des σ1-Rezeptorliganden (R)-(+)-Fluspidin durch elektrochemische Oxidation - ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung neuer Radiotracer für die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET)

Ludwig, F.-A.; Fischer, S.; Hiller, A.; Vetter, D.; Brüning, R.; Wünsch, B.; Steinbach, J.; Brust, P.

Der σ1-Rezeptor kommt hauptsächlich in den Mitochondrien-assoziierten Membranen des endoplasmatischen Reticulums vor1und wird zunehmend als biologisches Target für die Behandlung von Tumoren und neurologischen Erkrankungen, wie Depression, Angstzuständen oder Neurodegeneration, erkannt.2a,2b
Durch die hohe Affinität zum σ1-Rezeptor, die Spezifität gegenüber anderen Rezeptoren sowie weitere pharmakologische Eigenschaften stellt (R)-(+)-Fluspidin einen potenziellen 18F-Tracer für den Einsatz in der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) zur bildgebenden Diagnostik o. g. Erkrankungen dar.3 Die Evaluierung eines PET-Tracers erfordert u. a. detaillierte Untersuchungen zu dessen Metabolismus sowie eine Charakterisierung der Metabolite.
Neben der aufwendigen Gewinnung von Metaboliten aus Gewebematerialien oder der chemischen Synthese von potenziellen Metaboliten, hat deren Darstellung mittels elektrochemischer Oxidation eine zunehmende Bedeutung für die Strukturaufklärung von Radiometaboliten erlangt. So können Proben ohne biologische Matrix in vergleichbar kurzer Zeit mit geringem Aufwand hergestellt werden.

Für die Generierung von Metaboliten wurde die in das ROXY-System (Fa. Antec) implementierte elektrochemische Zelle (μPrepCell) mit der Arbeitselektrode Glassy Carbon eingesetzt. Die Umsetzung von (R)-(+)-Fluspidin (50 μM) in Ammoniumformiat-Puffer (20 mM) und 50 % Acetonitril bei pH 7,4 erfolgte bei jeweils konstanter Spannung von 1,0 - 1,4 V und einer Durchflussrate von 50 μl/min. Die Reaktionslösungen wurden off-line mittels HPLC und MS untersucht.

Als Hauptprodukt der elektrochemischen Umsetzung von (R)-(+)-Fluspidin entstand das Desbenzyl-Derivat , welches bereits bei Versuchen mit Leber-Mikrosomen als Metabolit zugeordnet werden konnte.3 Weiterhin konnten vor allem Mono- und in geringerem Ausmaß auch Dioxidationsprodukte des (R)-(+)-Fluspidins nachgewiesen werden. Auch die Substitution des Fluoratoms durch eine Hydroxylgruppe wurde beobachtet.

Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit Hilfe der elektrochemischen Oxidation mögliche Metaboliten des (R)-(+)-Fluspidins zugänglich sind. Durch Korrelation mit Daten der Radio-HPLC bietet sich im Rahmen von In-vivo-Studien an Tieren und am Patienten die Möglichkeit, Radiometabolite zu identifizieren, welche mit strukturaufklärenden analytischen Verfahren nicht direkt charakterisiert werden können.
Die elektrochemische Oxidation ist eine effiziente Methode zur Vorhersage der metabolischen Stabilität, die auch in der Entwicklung metabolisch stabiler Radiotracer für PET zunehmenden Einsatz finden kann.

1 Duncan G., Wang L. 2005; Experimental Eye Research 81: 121–122.
2a Cobos E.J. et al. 2008; Curr. Neuropharmacol 6: 344–366.
2b Hayashi T., Su T.P. 2008; Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 12: 45–58.
3 Fischer S. et al. 2011; Eur. J Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 38: 540-51.

  • Poster
    ElCheMS 2: 2nd International Workshop on Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry, 23.-24.05.2013, Münster, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19058
Publ.-Id: 19058


Diode-pumped Yb:LuAG and Yb:YAG disk laser amplifiers with high pulse energies

Siebold, M.; Loeser, M.; Albach, D.; Roeser, F.; Banerjee, S.; Schramm, U.

Ytterbium-doped garnets are attractive for use in high-energy diode-pumped solid-state lasers due to their spectral and thermal properties. Recently, Yb:LuAG was investigated as a promising candidate for kW thin-disk lasers because of its superior thermal conductivity especially at high doping concentrations compared to Yb:YAG. In this paper we demonstrate high-energy ns-pulse multipass amplification in Yb:YAG and Yb:LuAG towards 500mJ. The study presented here has confirmed that further scaling of both efficiency and pulse energy is possible by a further reduction of Yb-doping level reducing the gain per disk.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Europe, 12.-16.05.2013, Munich, Germany
    CLEO/Europe - IQEC 2013: Conference Digest, CA8.1

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19056
Publ.-Id: 19056


Colloid-borne forms of tetravalent actinides: A brief review

Zänker, H.; Hennig, C.

Tetravalent actinides, An(IV), are usually assumed to be little mobile in near-neutral environmental waters because of their low solubility. However, there are certain geochemical scenarios during which mobilization of An(IV) in a colloid-borne (waterborne) form can not be ruled out. A compilation of colloid-borne forms of tetravalent actinides described so far for laboratory experiments, field experiments and real-world scenarios is given. It is intended to be a knowledge base and a tool for those who have to interpret actinide behavior under environmental conditions. Colloids containing structural An(IV) and colloids carrying adsorbed An(IV) are considered. Their behavior is compared with the behavior of An(IV) colloids observed after the intentional or unintentional release of actinides into the environment. A list of knowledge gaps as to the behavior of An(IV) colloids is provided and items which need further research are highlighted.

Keywords: Tetravalent actinides; groundwater; colloids; nanoparticles; subsurface transport

Related publications

  • Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 157(2014), 87-105

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19055
Publ.-Id: 19055


Kalibrierung von Ultraschallsonden für reaktionstechnische Untersuchungen

Mittendorff, T.

Das Institut für Fluiddynamik im Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) beschäftigt sich unter anderem mit der Untersuchung von verfahrens-technischen Prozessen und fluiddynamischen Phänomenen in Mehrphasenkontaktapparaten.
Die dazugehörige Untersuchung von Mehrphasenströmungen, die Modellentwicklung sowie die Validierung numerischer Berechnungsverfahren erfordern belastbare experimentelle Daten.
Für ein neuartiges Reaktorkonzept mit geneigt rotierendem Festbett soll die Reaktionsführung hinsichtlich der Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute einer Modellreaktion (Hydrierung von α-Methylstyrol zu Cumol) untersucht werden.

Keywords: speed of sound; ultrasonic probe; binary mixtures; chemical reaction engineering

  • Study thesis
    HTW Dresden, 2013
    45 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19054
Publ.-Id: 19054


Experimentelle Untersuchung der flüssig-fest Stoffübertragung in einem geneigt rotierenden Festbettreaktor

Herrmann-Heber, R.

Das Institut für Fluiddynamik im Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) beschäftigt sich unter anderem mit der Untersuchung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse sowie der Entwicklung und Charakterisierung neuer effizienter Mehrphasenkontaktapparate.
Ein solches neuartiges Reaktorkonzept mit dem Ziel der Prozessintensivierung durch periodische Betriebsweise stellt der geneigt rotierende Festbettreaktor dar. Im Gegensatz zum zeitlich-periodischen Reaktorbetrieb erfolgt die Prozessintensivierung hier durch Aufprägung einer örtlichen Periodizität unter ansonsten stationären Betriebsbedingungen. Aus dieser veränderten Betriebsweise ergeben sich in Form von Neigung und Drehzahl zusätzliche Freiheitsgrade bei der Strömungsführung und damit zur Beeinflussung der Reaktorleistung.
Im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Projektarbeit ist ein Verfahren zur experimentellen Untersuchung der flüssig-fest Stoffübertragung im geneigt rotierenden Festbettreaktor umzusetzen. Die Stoffübertragung stellt einen Schlüsselparameter der Makrokinetik heterogener Reaktionssysteme dar und kann somit zur Leistungsbewertung des neuen Reaktorkonzepts herangezogen werden.

Keywords: liquid-solid mass transfer; electrochemical method; fixed bed reactor; rotation; inclination

  • Study thesis
    TU Dresden, 2013
    55 Seiten

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19053
Publ.-Id: 19053


Overview of diode pumped high energy solid state lasers

Röser, F.; Loeser, M.; Albach, D.; Siebold, M.; Schramm, U.; Sauerbrey, R.

In the past, ultra-short laser pulses with several 100J have been produced by mature flash lamp technologies1, 2. Alternatively, diode-pumped lasers have a great potential for generating peak-powers at higher repetition rates (1-10Hz). Worldwide, several ambitious laser projects e.g. MERCURY3, LUCIA4, GENBU5, HALNA6, DIPOLE7, LIFE8 are developing diode-pumped amplifier systems for output pulses with expected energies of 100J or more.
The Helmholtz-Centre Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) is currently building a fully diode-pumped Petawatt laser called PEnELOPE (Petawatt, Energy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments). PEnELOPE is designed for pulse energy of 150J, a repetition rate of 1Hz and pulse duration of 120fs. Additionally, the operational Ti:Sapphire based laser system DRACO (Dresden laser acceleration source9) is currently upgraded (25-30fs, 30J). Both PW-class lasers are designated for laser-plasma and particle acceleration research. While electron acceleration experiments and principles of proton/ion-acceleration are studied with DRACO, PEnELOPE is dedicated to produce laser accelerated proton and ion beams with energies of 100MeV or more which become relevant for future cancer therapy applications

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    ICAN final conference CS3, 28.06.2013, CERN, Genf, Schweiz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19052
Publ.-Id: 19052


Status Report of ²⁰N(γ,n)¹⁹N Analysis

Röder, M.; for the R3B Collaboration

Summary of the status of the analysis of the ²⁰N(γ,n)¹⁹N reaction.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    R3B Collaboration Meeting, 13.-17.05.2013, Darmstadt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19051
Publ.-Id: 19051


Linear thermal expansion coefficient determination using in situ curvature and temperature dependent X-ray diffraction measurements applied to metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy-grown AlGaAs

Maaßdorf, A.; Zeimer, U.; Grenzer, J.; Weyers, M.

AlxGa1xAs grown on GaAs is known to be almost perfectly lattice matched with a maximum lattice mismatch of 0.14% at room temperature and even less at temperatures of 700 C–800 C. However, as layer structures for edge-emitting diode lasers exhibit an increasing overall thickness of several microns of AlxGa1xAs, e.g., diode lasers comprising a super-large optical cavity, the accumulated elastic strain energy increases as well. Depending on the growth temperature the formation energy of dislocations can be reached, which is limiting the pseudomorphic growth. In this regard, the thermal expansion coefficient difference between layer and substrate is an important parameter. We utilize in situ curvature measurements during growth of AlxGa1xAs by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy to determine the thermal expansion coefficient a. The curvature change with increasing layer thickness, as well as with wafer temperature at constant layer thickness is used to assess a. This is compared to ex situ temperature dependent X-ray diffraction measurements to obtain a. All determined values for α are in good agreement, yielding αAlAs = 4.1×10−6 K−1 for a given GaAs linear thermal expansion coefficient of αGaAs = 5.73×10−6 K−1.

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19050
Publ.-Id: 19050


Retention of U(VI) and Np(V) in bacteriogenic iron oxide-producing biofilms from Äspö HRL (Sweden)

Krawczyk-Bärsch, E.; Schmeide, K.; Bok, F.

At the Äspö HRL (Sweden) Gallionella ferruginea dominated biofilms associated with bacteriogenic iron oxides (BIOS) and groundwater were sampled from an in situ continuous flow cell, which has been installed in a cavity of the main access tunnel at 2200 A site, 300 m below sea level (Anderson & Pedersen, 2003). In laboratory sorption experiments UO2(ClO4)2 and NpO2(ClO4) were added to the BIOS biofilms in groundwater under aerobic conditions adjusting a final U(VI) concentration of 1.9×10-5 M.U(VI) and 3.27×10-5 M Np(V). At the end of the experiments the groundwater/BIOS biofilm samples were ultra centrifuged and the pH and Eh of the supernatants were defined to be 7.52 0.1 and 355 +- 30 mV in the uranium contaminated samples and 7.02 +- 0.1 and 367 +- 30 mV in the neptunium contaminated samples. The analysis showed a substantial decrease of uranium and neptunium in the groundwater of approximately 85 % and 95 %, respectively. Thermodynamic calculation of the theoretical predominant field of uranium species was performed using the analytical data of the uranium-contaminated groundwater. Under the given pH and Eh the formation of the aqueous uranium carbonate species Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) is predicted due to the high concentration of carbonate in the groundwater. In the BIOS biofilm the ferrous iron-oxidizing and stalk-forming bacterium Gallionella ferruginea is dominating the sorption process. The stalk represents an organic surface upon which Fe oxyhydroxides can precipitate. Due to the high concentration of ferric iron in the BIOS biofilm the portion of iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite) amounts approximately to 70 wt%. Under the given pH conditions the uptake of U and Np depends predominantly on the high amount of ferrihydrite precipitated onto the stalks. Conclusively, the combination of this biological material and iron oxides creates an abundant surface area for adsorption of radionuclides.

Keywords: biofilms; Gallionella ferruginea; uranium; neptunium; Äspö

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Final Workshop of the Project "Crystalline Rock Retention Processes" (CROCK), 14.-16.05.2013, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
    Final Workshop Proceedings of the Collaborative Project "Crystalline Rock Retention Processes" (7th EC FP CP CROCK), KIT Scientific Reports 7656 (2014), Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing, 69-76

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19049
Publ.-Id: 19049


Exploring the hydromagnetic Bermuda triangle between Taylor, Tayler, and Velikhov

Stefani, F.; Galindo, V.; Gerbeth, G.; Gundrum, T.; Kirilllov, O.; Seilmayer, M.; Weber, N.; Weier, T.; Gellert, M.; Rüdiger, G.; Hollerbach, R.

The interaction of rotating fluids and magnetic fields is of fundamental importance for a number of astrophysical processes. The magnetorotational instability (MRI), discovered by Velikhov in 1959, is considered as a viable mechanism for triggering turbulence and angular momentum transport in accretion disks. The Tayler instability (TI), a kink-type current-driven instability, may play an important role in angular momentum transport in stars, and is also discussed as a possible ingredient of an alternative stellar dynamo mechanism.
We start by analyzing the problem of a viscous, resistive, incompressible rotating fluid under the influence of a constant axial magnetic field and an azimuthal field with arbitrary radial dependence. Within the short-wavelength approximation, we focus on the limit of low magnetic Prandtl numbers and explore the various inductionless versions of MRI, and the TI. As a main result, we show that with a slight deviation of the azimuthal magnetic field profile from the current-free 1/r law, the inductionless versions of MRI become capable of destabilizing Keplerian flows. In addition, we present a new 3D integro-differential equation code that allows to study TI for real liquid metal systems.

We further summarize recent results, obtained in various liquid metal experiments, on the helical and the azimuthal MRI, and on the TI. Finally, we discuss the prospects for studying MRI and TI in a combined large scale liquid sodium experiment in the framework of the DRESDYN project.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Symposium on Geophysical and Astrophysical Dynamos, 07.-12.07.2013, Ascona, Switzerland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19047
Publ.-Id: 19047


Taylor, Tayler, Velikhov: Tailored experiments on the interaction of rotating fluids and magnetic fields

Stefani, F.; Galindo, V.; Gellert, M.; Gerbeth, G.; Gundrum, T.; Hollerbach, R.; Kirillov, O.; Rüdiger, G.; Seilmayer, M.; Weber, N.; Weier, T.

The interaction of rotating fluids and magnetic fields is of crucial interest for the explanation of many astrophysical phenomena. The magnetorotational instability (MRI), discovered by Velikhov in 1959 when studying a magnetized Couette-Taylor flow, is presently considered the most likely mechanism for triggering turbulence and angular momentum transport in accretion disks. The Tayler instability (TI), a kink-type current-driven instability, may play an important role in angular momentum and chemical species transport in stars, and is also discussed as a possible ingredient of an alternative stellar dynamo mechanism.
The last years have seen significant progress in the experimental investigation of both instabilities. We summarize the recent results, obtained in various liquid metal experiments, on the helical and azimuthal versions of MRI, and on the TI. The prospects of studying both instabilities, MRI and
TI, in a combined large scale liquid sodium experiment are discussed in the context of theoretical predictions.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    18th International Couette-Taylor Workshop, 24.-26.06.2013, Enschede, The Netherlands

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19046
Publ.-Id: 19046


Time-dependent PT-symmetric phase transitions: exactly solvable models and their underlying geometry

Günther, U.

Time-dependent 2×2 matrix Hamiltonians are designed which preserve formal PT-symmetry, pass through an exceptional point and whose evolution matrices can be obtained analytically. These exactly solvable models allow for a full analytical treatment of the underlying geometric deformation features of the eigenspaces (the structures of the eigenvector bundles) including their geometric and algebraic properties. It is shown that a passage through an exceptional point is not sufficient for a time-dependent Hamiltonian to describe a time-dependent PT phase transition. Rather additional singular gauge terms have to be added in order to force a time-dependent eigenvector coalescence of the models. This opens a way to new classes of exactly solvable models. First results in this direction are presented.

Keywords: PT symmetry; non-Hermitian Hamiltonian; PT phase transition; exceptional point; Jordan block; branch point; time evolution; exactly solvable model; fibre bundle; projective Hilbert space; gauge theory

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    12th International Workshop on Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics, 02.-06.07.2013, Istanbul, Turkey

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19045
Publ.-Id: 19045


Radiosynthesis and in vivo Evaluation of a 18F-Labelled Styryl-Benzoxazole Derivative for ß-Amyloid Targeting

Ribeiro Morais, G.; Kniess, T.; Bergmann, R.; Gano, L.; Abrunhosa, A.; Santos, I.; Paulo, A.

The formation of β-amyloid deposits is considered a histopathological feature of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). In vivo molecular imaging by means of amyloid-avid radiotracers will allow for an early and conclusive diagnostic of AD. Herein, we describe the radiosynthesis of the radiofluorinated styryl benzoxazole derivative [18F]-[2-[N-methyl-N-(2`-fluoroethyl)-4`-aminostyryl]benzoxazole] ([18F]-1) and its pre-clinical evaluation, including metabolic and biodistribution studies in male Wistar rats. The in vivo biological evaluation of [18F]-1 showed that this new radiotracer has a moderate brain uptake with a slow brain washout and a poor in vivo stability.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19044
Publ.-Id: 19044


Measurement of the ²⁰N(γ,n)¹⁹N Reaction Rate for R-Process Nucleosynthesis

Röder, M.; for the R3B Collaboration

In the astrophysical r-process (rapid neutron capture process), that is important for the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, many neutron-rich nuclei are involved.
The reactions on these exotic nuclei can only be studied with radioactive ion beams since target material cannot be fabricated from them.
One example of these reactions is the ¹⁹N(n,γ)²⁰N reaction that is important in a neutrino-driven wind scenario.
Using ²⁰N as a beam, this reaction was studied at GSI in inverse kinematics via Coulomb-dissociation exploiting the virtual gamma field of a heavy target in the so called s393-experiment.
The experiment was performed at the LAND/R3B setup (Large Area Neutron Detector, Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) in a kinematically complete measurement, i.e., detecting all particles leaving the nuclear reaction.
The neutrons flying at relativistic velocity were observed by the LAND-detector, the calibration of which plays a crucial role for the above specific reaction.
I will give an overview of the R3B-setup, the calibration of the LAND-detector and a status of the analysis of the ²⁰N(γ,n)¹⁹N reaction.

Keywords: r-process; neutron-rich nuclei; Coulomb-dissociation; radioactive ion beams

  • Lecture (Conference)
    77. Jahrestagung der DPG und DPG-Frühjahrstagung, 04.-08.03.2013, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19043
Publ.-Id: 19043


NeuLAND MRPC-based detector prototypes tested with fast neutrons

Caesar, C.; Aumann, T.; Bemmerer, D.; Boretzky, K.; Elekes, Z.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Hehner, J.; Heil, M.; Kempe, M.; Maroussov, V.; Nusair, O.; Reifarth, R.; Rossi, D.; Simon, H.; Stach, D.; Wagner, A.; Yakorev, D.; Zilges, A.

Recent results from a first irradiation of multi-gap resistive plate chambers with fast neutrons are presented. The counters have been built at GSI and FZD. The experiment was performed at the “The Svedberg Laboratory” (TSL) in Uppsala, Sweden, utilizing a quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam with an energy En=175 MeV. For a 2×4 gap prototype operated at E=100 kV/cm, an efficiency of (0.77 ±0.33)% was measured.

Keywords: multi-gap resistive plate chamber neutron

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19042
Publ.-Id: 19042


Quasi-cw THz source TELBE: Challenges and Opportunities

Gensch, M.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    FLASH Seminar, 16.07.2013, Hamburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19041
Publ.-Id: 19041


Coherent THz Radiation from linear accelerators and 4th Generation X-ray Light sources: Status, Challenges and Opportunities and applications in biophysics

Gensch, M.

The past fifteen years have seen a rapid development of novel techniques to generate and detect ultra-short and high power THz pulses. The availability of these pulses with electric field strength in the few 10 to 100 MV/m regime has led to a number of exciting experiments in particular in the field of non-linear THz spectroscopy and THz control experiments. One class of these THz generation techniques utilizes highly charged, ultra short electron bunches accelerated to relativistic speed in linear particle accelerators [1]. A variety of different source concepts allows to shape the THz pulses from single cycle/broad band pulses to multicycle/narrow-bandwidth pulses with polarizations ranging from radial to linear. One main attraction of accelerator-based THz originates from the fact that the THz generation process does not take place in a medium but in the ultra-high vacuum of the accelerator, so that the THz pulse energy can hence theoretically much easier up scaled than in any of the table top sources available today. Additionally it could recently be shown that coherent THz radiation can be generated residually and in parallel to the femtosecond X-ray pulses in 4^th Generation X-ray Light sources such as FLASH [2,3,and 4] and LCLS [5]. This opens up the exciting opportunity to perform naturally synchronized THz pump X-ray probe experiments on few femtosecond time scales [2,3,and 5]. An overview over different THz facility projects will be presented and experimental opportunities and challenges will be discussed with an emphasis on potential applications in Biophysics.

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    ICS-4 Seminar, 12.07.2013, Juelich, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19040
Publ.-Id: 19040


Morphology studies of Si-SiO2 nanocomposites using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy

Hübner, R.; Friedrich, D.; Wolf, D.; Liedke, B.; Schmidt, B.; Heinig, K.-H.

Due to significant band gap widening by quantum confinement, Si nanosponge structures embedded in SiO2 formed by spinodal decomposition of metastable silicon-rich silicon oxide are promising, advanced Si absorbers for 3rd generation solar cells. In thermodynamically metastable, silicon-rich oxide, i.e. SiOx with x < 2, high-temperature annealing results in the formation of Si precipitations in a stoichiometric SiO2 matrix. Phase separation of SiOx films with 1.2 ≤ x < 2 (Si excess of up to 40 at.-%) leads to disconnected Si nanoclusters, whereas for x < 1.2 (Si excess larger than 40 at.-%) phase separation results in percolated Si nanostructures with a sponge-like morphology [1].

To reveal such a sponge-like morphology in sputter-deposited SiOx films for x ~ 1 after activation by rapid thermal annealing (RTA), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) imaging as well as EFTEM tomography were carried out and the results were compared with kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulations. To this end, 200 nm thick SiOx layers were prepared at room temperature on p type (100) Si wafers by magnetron sputtering in Ar plasma from two simultaneously operating Si and SiO2 targets. During subsequent RTA in Ar or Ar + 5 % H2 ambient, samples were heated up to 1150 °C and annealed for 30 s. Sponge-like nanostructures were investigated by EFTEM imaging using an image-corrected FEI Titan 80-300 microscope equipped with a Gatan Imaging Filter 863. For EFTEM tomography, a tilt series between ±70° was acquired in steps of 2° in a Philips CM200 FEG microscope with Gatan Imaging Filter 678. The tilt series alignment, i.e. the correction of residual displacements, was carried out using the IMOD software [2], while the tomographic reconstruction of the Si 3D morphology was performed with the Weighted Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique [3].

The contrast in zero-loss filtered high-resolution TEM images is caused by the coherent superposition of unscattered and elastically scattered electrons within the thin TEM lamella, and hence, related to the projected atomic structure. Consequently, Bragg-oriented Si nanocrystals larger than a minimum size are visible in Figure 1 and indicate phase separation of the SiOx film with subsequent crystallization during RTA. Since large amorphous Si precipitates crystallize preferably, high-resolution TEM images allow the determination of a maximum Si structure size. For small Si structures, however, phase separation is also possible without crystallization. Such amorphous precipitates as well as not Bragg-oriented Si nanocrystals cannot be observed with high-resolution electron microscopy, leading to an underestimation of the Si phase fraction. Therefore, EFTEM analysis is a suitable alternative for Si morphology studies. In particular, valence-band plasmon energy-loss imaging is an appropriate approach, since the Si plasmon peak is, except the zero-loss peak, the most intense feature in the electron energy-loss spectrum. It has a narrow energy distribution of a few eV, and thus, allows to distinguish the Si phase from the SiO2 compound [4]. As shown in Figure 2, the expected sponge-like Si morphology in phase-separated SiOx has been proven by Si plasmon imaging, which particularly shows that Si filaments have diameters of a few nanometers with a narrow size distribution. This finding is in excellent agreement with large-scale simulations based on KMC (Figure 3). Although Si plasmon EFTEM images can show the Si phase distribution in a planar projection, they do not provide three-dimensional information. For example, a superposition of Si nanodots cannot be distinguished from a sponge-like morphology in a 2D projection. Therefore, EFTEM tomography was applied, revealing that the separation of silicon into percolated nanostructures is not obvious (Figure 4). Coarsening of the Si sponge accompanied by a loss of percolation may be the reason. Indeed, longer annealing at 1100 °C for 3 h leads to separated non-spherical nanoclusters [5]. However, an underestimation of the thinnest, presumably amorphous, Si filaments cannot be excluded. Prolonged electron irradiation during acquisition of the EFTEM tilt series might have an influence on the sponge-like morphology, too.

1. T. Müller, K.-H. Heinig, W. Möller, C. Bonafos, H. Coffin, N. Cherkashin, G. Ben Assayag, S. Schamm, G. Zanchi and A. Claverie, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 (2004), p. 12.
2. J. Kremer, D. N. Mastronarde and J. R. McIntosh, J. Struct. Biol. 116 (1996), p. 71.
3. D. Wolf, A. Lubk and H. Lichte, Ultramicroscopy (2013), submitted.
4. S. Schamm, C. Bonafos, H. Coffin, N. Cherkashin, M. Carradaa, G. Ben Assayag, A. Claverie, M. Tencé and C. Colliex, Ultramicroscopy 108 (2008), p. 346.
5. A. Yurtsever, M. Weyland and D. A. Muller, Appl. Phys. Let. 89 (2006), p. 151920.
6. The authors kindly acknowledge TEM sample preparation by Annette Kunz and Martina Missbach.

Keywords: silicon-rich silicon oxide; EFTEM imaging; EFTEM tomography; KMC simulation

Related publications

  • Poster
    Microscopy Conference 2013, 25.-30.08.2013, Regensburg, Deutschland
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Microscopy Conference 2013, 25.-30.08.2013, Regensburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19039
Publ.-Id: 19039


Terahertz generation and detection with InGaAs-based large-area photoconductive devices excited at 1.55 µm

Xu, M.; Mittendorff, M.; Dietz, R.; Künzel, H.; Sartorius, B.; Göbel, T.; Schneider, H.; Helm, M.; Winnerl, S.

We report on scalable large-area terahertz emitters and detectors based on In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As heterostructures for excitation with 1.55 µm radiation. Different geometries involving three different electrode gap sizes are compared with respect to THz emission, bias field distribution and Joule heating. The field distribution becomes more favorable for THz emission as gap size increases while Joule heating exhibits the opposite dependence. Best performance is found for emitters with a gap size of 7.5 µm. The scalable devices are furthermore employed as detectors. The scalable electrode geometry enables spatially integrated detection, which is attractive for specific applications.

Keywords: photoconductive THz emitter; photoconductive THz detector; 1.55 µm excitation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19038
Publ.-Id: 19038


Performing kinetic lattice Monte-Carlo simulations of far-from-equilibrium processes on GPUs

Kelling, J.; Heinig, K.-H.

Kinetic Metropolis lattice Monte-Carlo (KLMC) simulations can be applied to study systems without strong external driving forces, for example the evolution of nanostructures. An algorithm allowing nearest neighbor interaction in thermally activated processes has been implemented for GPUs. External driving forces can be modeled by adding appropriate rules to the cellular automaton. Ion-beam induced mixing, which is governed by comparatively long-ranged interactions, leads to far-from-equilibrium processes (defect relaxation) producing disordered structures. A plain implementation of long-range interactions reduces the performance on GPUs substantially. In this talk we present an efficient implementation of long-range ballistic displacements in GPU-KLMC.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    2nd International Symposium “Computer Simulations on GPU”, 27.-29.05.2013, Freudenstadt, Deutschland
  • Lecture (others)
    Wigner RCP Institute Seminar, 30.08.2013, MTA-TTK, Budapest, Hungary

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19037
Publ.-Id: 19037


THEREDA – Thermodynamic Reference Database

Moog, H. C.; Bok, F.

THEREDA was founded by five institutions in Germany and Switzerland. Our main objectives are

  • To ensure that equilibrium calculations for nuclear disposal issues are consistent among different institutions
  • To save basic thermodynamic data in a way which renders them usable on a long term
  • To have a technical platform which facilitates the decentralized editing of data
  • To provide users with ready-to-use parameter files for the most widely used geochemical codes
  • To make sure that each datum can be traced back to its original source
  • To classify the entered day in order to inform the user about the quality of the data and hence his calculations
Following these objectives THEREDA has evolved into a web-based platform for a common thermodynamic database.
The main focus lies on providing a database for high-saline systems. However, some efforts have been made to design THEREDA as flexible as possible for future demands, as necessity arises, namely: other models for the aqueous solution, non ideal gas and solid phases, etc.
Backbone of the whole database is a Pitzer-consistent set of phase constituents along with equilibrium constants and Pitzer coefficients for the basic hexary system Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O. The set is at present being extended to be valid for temperatures between 120 and 200°C, depending on the particular system. At the same time data are added to extend the database for polythermal, in parts even polybaric equilibria with HCO3-/CO2(g).
Consistently to the above mentioned backbone, other joint members of THEREDA collaborate to extend the database for actinides, activation- and fission products, and heavy metals.
Another string of endeavour is targeted towards geothermal applications.
The THEREDA team welcomes colleagues from other database projects to discuss or collaborate on specific subjects of common interest.

Keywords: THEREDA; Thermodynamic Reference Database; Pitzer; geochemical modelling; databases

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Goldschmidt2013, 25.-30.08.2013, Florence, Italy
  • Open Access Logo Abstract in refereed journal
    Mineralogical Magazine 77(2013)5, 1783-1783
    Online First (2013) DOI: 10.1180/minmag.2013.077.5.13

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19035
Publ.-Id: 19035


A comparison of Pitzer databases for nuclear waste disposal modelling

Bok, F.; Richter, A.; Brendler, V.

For the modelling of different chemical aspects of a nuclear waste repository in salt rock, the Pitzer formalism is necessary. Therefore, a comprehensive database with the relevant species reaction constants and associated ion-ion interaction parameters including temperature-dependencies is required. A number of different tailored Pitzer databases are available. To judge their capabilities and limitations we performed comparative calculations for well-defined chemical systems (binary or ternary solubility diagrams). To avoid possible deviations due to different speciation codes all databases where transformed into the format specific for Geochemist’s Workbench. Additionally, model results are compared to experimental values from the literature.
Most results for the Oceanic Salt Systems (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ / Cl−, SO42− – H2O) at 25 °C show a good agreement between experiment and model. At higher temperatures, sparse temperature-dependent data causes strong differences in the results.
For the radionuclides (e.g. Nd, Np), the solubility of their amorphous hydroxides in high salinar solutions was calculated as a function of pH. Missing anionic hydroxo-complex species or less reliable data produce inadequate predictions of the increasing solubility of mineral phases (e.g. fresh amorphous Nd(OH)3 or NpO2OH) in the strongly alkaline medium. This demonstrates the importance of complete chemical speciation data.
Caesium was chosen as example for a fission product. Only minor differences can be found in the calculated solubility diagrams and the occasional absence of solubility data for Cs phases is not significant for real-world scenarios due to the high solubility of these phases in comparison to other salts.
The revealed discrepancies illustrate the need for further database work. Joint benchmark activities could help to identify missing or weak data, enhance the quality of all databases and consequently increase the confidence in modelling results.

Keywords: THEREDA; Thermodynamic Reference Database; Benchmark calculation; Pitzer; databases; geochemical modelling; nuclear waste disposal

  • Poster
    Goldschmidt2013, 25.-30.08.2013, Florence, Italy
  • Open Access Logo Abstract in refereed journal
    Mineralogical Magazine 77(2013)5, 730-730
    Online First (2013) DOI: 10.1180/minmag.2013.077.5.2

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19034
Publ.-Id: 19034


Spectroscopic characterization of Yb3+-doped laser materials at cryogenic temperatures

Koerner, J.; Jambunathan, V.; Hein, J.; Seifert, R.; Loeser, M.; Siebold, M.; Schramm, U.; Sikocinski, P.; Lucianetti, A.; Mocek, T.; Kaluza, M.

We present measurements of the absorption and emission cross-sections for Yb:YAG, Yb:LuAG and Yb:CaF2 as a function of temperature between 80 K and 340 K. The cross-sections are determined by the combination of the McCumber relation and the Fuchtbauer - Ladenburg equation to achieve reliable results in spectral regions of high and low absorption. The experimental setup used for the fluorescence measurements minimizes re-absorption effects due to the measurement from small sample volume, providing nearly undisturbed raw data for the Fuchtbauer - Ladenburg approach. The retrieved cross-sections together with the spectral characteristics of the tested materials provide important information for the design of energy efficient, high-power laser amplifiers.

Keywords: cryogenic; Ytterbium; cross-section; Yb:YAG; Yb:LuAG; Yb:CaF2

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19033
Publ.-Id: 19033


Development and preparation of novel carbon-11/fluorine-18 containing radiotracers for non-invasive PET-imaging of EphB4

Mamat, C.; Ebert, K.; Caballero, J.; Pietzsch, J.; Steinbach, J.

Objectives: Members of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family play an essential role in the pathogenesis of cancer and, therefore, they are promising candidates for noninvasive molecular imaging, e.g. by PET. Several potent Eph inhibitors are reported either based on high molecular weight compounds like peptides which block the extracellular domain or on small organic molecules which bind to the intramolecular ATP binding pocket of the appropriate receptor. To date, only peptide-based radiotracers containing Cu-64 or In-111 are known which are specific for Eph receptors [1]. Due to favourable chemical and biological properties, small organic inhibitors based on the benzodioxolylpyrimidine structural motif were developed in the past [2]. Unfortunately, these tracers showed only a moderate uptake in tumor cells (A375) and no uptake in vivo in the respective tumor (A375) bearing mice. To overcome these problems, a novel lead structure 1 (IC50 = 1.3 nM) was chosen based on a indazolylpyrazole core [3]. In silico studies were done to determine the best position for the introduction of fluorine-18. Further, the development and preparation of novel 11C/18F-radiotracers is described. First biological studies were accomplished regarding the stability of the new tracers to figure out the ex vivo and in vivo behavior.
Methods: The first tracer prepared by isotopically labeling with [11C]methyl iodide. For this purpose and for the 18F-labeling, a protecting group strategy was developed for the regioselective labeling due to three secondary amino groups of this compound. In silico docking studies were performed using the X-ray structure of the EphB4 receptor including a similar inhibitor. Based on these results, two novel references and precursors were evaluated and
prepared for the labeling with fluorine-18.
Results: For both labeling purposes, a protecting group strategy based on the ethoxyethyl (EOE) group was applied. The EOE group was introduced to block the amino function of the indazole core and to avoid radiolabeling on this position.
In the first labeling case, the 11C-labeling was accomplished in a remotely controlled synthesis module in three steps. The first step involved the preparation of [11C]methyl idodide from [11C]methane, the second step comprehended the radiolabeling of the EOE-protected precursor and the final step included the cleavage of the protecting group under acidic conditions leading to [11C]1.
Attempts were made using docking experiments to evaluate the optimal position for the introduction of fluorine-18/-19. In the first case, the methyl group of the molecule was changed against the 3-fluoropropyl residue leading to 2. Secondly, one of the morpholine rings was replaced with the (3-fluoropropyl)piperazinyl moiety yielding 3. Based on these findings, a preparation route to precursors and references was successfully established.
Conclusions: A novel 11C-radiotracer was prepared for the imaging of Eph receptors in cancer using a three step labeling procedure. For radiofluorination purposes, references (2 and 3) as well as precursors were prepared
successfully. Radiolabeling and first promising biological studies are ongoing.
Acknowledgements: Support by the Fonds der chemischen Industrie (FCI-Germany).
References: [1] Xiong C, et al. (2011) J Nucl Med, 52, 241-8.
[2] Mamat C, et al. (2012) ChemMedChem, 7, 1991-2003. Bardelle C, et al. (2010) Biorg Med Chem Lett, 20, 6242-5.

  • Poster
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 56(2013), S400
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19032
Publ.-Id: 19032


Nachhaltigkeit als gesellschaftliche Aufgabe

Joehnk, P.; Toepfer, K.

  • Green Hospital Innovation (2012)1, 50-53

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19030
Publ.-Id: 19030


Das Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf – Arbeitsfelder und Zusammenarbeit mit der Wirtschaft

Joehnk, P.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Bundesverband für mittelständische Wirtschaft, 24.10.2007, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19029
Publ.-Id: 19029


Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft

Joehnk, P.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Bundesverband für Wirtschaftsförderung und Außenwirtschaft, 29.03.2007, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19028
Publ.-Id: 19028


Vom ZFW zum IFW – Ein Beispiel für den Umbauprozess in der Forschungslandschaft Ostdeutschlands

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Ministry of Sience, Technology and Ecology, 25.09.2001, Hanoi, SR Vietnam

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19027
Publ.-Id: 19027


Automated 18F-fluoroethylation - a labeling method for new potential COX-2 inhibitors

Laube, M.; Kniess, T.; Steinbach, J.; Pietzsch, J.

Objectives: The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) regulates inflammation-associated processes also in various cancer entities. Hence, the visualization of COX-2 expression in vivo by radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors provides a promising approach for functional characterization of certain solid tumors and their metastases by PET. With the aim to get towards highly affine 18F-radiolabeled fluoroethoxy substituted COX-2 inhibitors we developed a versatile automated procedure for 18F-fluoroethylation of hydroxyl compounds with mono- as well as bicyclic core structure.
Methods: Starting from two potent COX-2 inhibitors A* (IC50 COX-2: 3 nM, O-ethoxy (1)) and B* (IC50 COX-2: 5 nM, O-methoxy (2)) two new fluoroethoxy substituted derivatives A and B were developed. An indirect radiolabeling approach was used starting from the corresponding hydroxy precursor and 2-[18F]fluoroethyltosylate in a one-pot reaction using an automated nucleophilic synthesizer TracerLABFXN (GE) with subsequent purification to yield [18F]A and [18F]B (Figure 1).
Results: By an enzymatic assay we could confirm that the COX-2 inhibition potency was only slightly altered when the ethoxy group of A* or the methoxy group of B* was replaced by the fluoroethoxy moiety. Optimization of labeling conditions in terms of equivalents of ethylen-1,2-ditosylate and Cs2CO3 resulted in complete consumption of [18F]fluoroethyltosylate in the second step and decreased amount of non-radioactive by-products; a prerequisite for a one-pot process. In this manner [18F]A was obtained starting from [18F]fluoride within 70 min in 7.5% radiochemical yield (d.c.) with >95% radiochemical purity and 27-71 GBq/μmol specific activity inclusive HPLC purification (n=5). Analogously, [18F]B was obtained after 80 min in 7.8% radiochemical yield (d.c.) with a radiochemical purity of 98% and a specific activity of 19-43 GBq/μmol (n=7).
Conclusions: The novel radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors [18F]A and [18F]B were successfully synthesized with the developed automated 18F-fluoroethylation method. This strategy offers an effective approach to radiolabel further COX-2 inhibitors with hydroxy functionalities. The radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]A and 18F]B is currently under way.
Acknowledgements: This work was part of research initiatives within the Radiation-Induced Vascular-Dysfunction (RIVAD) Research Network and the Helmholtz-Portfoliothema "Technologie und Medizin -Multimodale Bildgebung zur Aufklaerung des In-vivo-Verhaltens von polymeren Biomaterialien".
References: [1] Beswick P, et al. (2004) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2004, 14, 5445-8.
[2] Wüst F, et al. (2008) Bioorg Med Chem, 16, 7662-70.

  • Poster
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 56(2013), S399
    DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3058
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19026
Publ.-Id: 19026


System und Instrumente der Forschungsförderung in Deutschland

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Präsentation von Proman-W und EASY an der Staatlichen Elektrotechnischen Universität St. Petersburg, 17.09.2001, St. Petersburg, Russland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19025
Publ.-Id: 19025


Projektmanagement mit Proman-W

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    CPMS-Fachtagung, 03.-04.09.2001, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19024
Publ.-Id: 19024


Betriebs- und personalwirtschaftliche Instrumente für das Management in Forschungseinrichtungen der Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz

Joehnk, P.

  • Doctoral thesis
    Slowakische Technische Universität Bratislava/Slowakei, 2001

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19023
Publ.-Id: 19023


Upravlenie naucno-techniceskimi grantami v Germanii na primere informacionnoj sistemy PROMAN-W

Joehnk, P.; Moravcik, O.; Michalconok, G. F.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    Internationale Wissenschaftlich-Technische Konferenz "Informacionnye technologii v innovacionnych projektach", 23.-24.05.2001, Izhevsk, Russland
    Tagungsband Teil 1, 19-21

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19022
Publ.-Id: 19022


Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung in Forschungseinrichtungen

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar, Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst, 02.04.2001, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19021
Publ.-Id: 19021


Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmöglichkeiten in technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Berufen, gezeigt am Beispiel der Werkstoffwissenschaften in Dresden

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Votrag Gymnasium Coswig, 11.01.2001, Coswig, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19020
Publ.-Id: 19020


Fluorine-18 Labelled substrate-based radiotracers for in vivo imaging of lysyl oxidase

Kuchar, M.; Wodtke, R.; Lenk, J.; Bergmann, R.; Mosch, B.; Steinbach, J.; Pietzsch, J.; Löser, R.

Objectives: The ability of solid tumours to invade surrounding tissues and, in consequence, to metastasise to distant organs is mediated by bidirectional molecular interactions between tumour cells and the extracellular matrix [1,2]. Recently, the copper-dependent amine oxidase lysyl oxidase (LOX, EC 1.4.3.13) could be identified as one of the key players in these processes [3]. Therefore, the development of molecular probes that enable the imaging
of this enzyme in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) was in the focus of this study.
Methods: As the enzyme is catalysing the oxidative crosslinking of lysine side chains in collagen and other extracellular proteins, the design of radiotracers based on substrates seemed to be promising. Thus, the N-terminal telopeptide of the α1-chain of type I collagen containing the key sequence Asp-Glu-Lys-Ser [4] and peptides derived from this were chosen to be labelled with fluorine-18 at their N-termini (Figure 1). To achieve this, a method was developed that allows the site-selective 18F-fluorobenzoylation of peptides [5]. The metabolic stability and biodistribution of these potential radiotracers was investigated in male wistar rats. To estimate the potential of the different lysine-containing peptides for crosslinking with collagen in vivo, their interaction with bovine atelocollagen was investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. A panel of tumour cell lines was screened for expression of the enzyme. The presence of LOX could be confirmed for the human breast cancer celllines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and the melanoma cell line A375 by RT-PCR as well as western blots. Based on the human A375 cell line, an animal model was established consisting of nude mice bearing tumours derived from these cells. Expression of LOX in the developed tumours was proven by immunohistochemical methods and western blots.
Results: The developed labelling method for site-selective radiolabelling of peptides allowed to obtain the 18Ffluorobenzoylated telopeptide in high radiochemical yields and purities. All peptides show good stability in vivo and even no metabolites could be detected for the cyclohexapeptide. The biodistribution studies indicate no organ enrichment and fast renal elimination. For the first time, the telopeptide-collagen interaction could be studied quantitatively, indicating dissociation constants in the high micromolar range.
Conclusions: Despite unfavourable pharmokinetics due to fast blood clearance, the compounds show the potential to reflect the LOX activity in vivo, as concluded from PET imaging experiments with nude mice bearing A375 tumours.
References: [1] Fidler IJ, et al. (2003) Nat Rev Cancer, 3, 453.
[2] Rowe RG, et al. (2009) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 25, 567.
[3] Erler JT, et al. (2006) Nature, 440, 1222-6.
[4] Helseth DL, et al. (1979) Biopolymers, 18, 3005.
[5] Kuchar M, et al. (2012) Amino Acids, 43, 1431-43.

  • Poster
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (ISRS), 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 56(2013), S398
    DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3058
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19019
Publ.-Id: 19019


Management von Haushalts- und Drittmittelprojekten im IFW Dresden

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Projektgruppe PROFI des BMBF, 18.12.2000, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19018
Publ.-Id: 19018


Projekte und Produkte: Leistungsrechnung in Forschungseinrichtungen

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    EDV-Arbeitskreis der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft,, 17.11.2000, Bremerhaven, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19017
Publ.-Id: 19017


IFW-Dresden – anwendungsorientierte Grundlagenforschung und Sicherheit

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Verband Deutscher Sicherheitsingenieure (VDSI), Fachgruppe Hochschulen und wissenschaftliche Institutionen, Arbeitskreis Sachsen, 25.10.2000, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19016
Publ.-Id: 19016


Dipole strength in Xe-Isotopes

Massarczyk, R.; Schwengner, R.; Dönau, F.; Anders, M.; Bemmerer, D.; Beyer, R.; Bhatia, C.; Birgersson, E.; Butterling, M.; Elekes, Z.; Ferrari, A.; Hannaske, R.; Junghans, A. R.; Kempe, M.; Kelley, J. H.; Kögler, T.; Matic, A.; Menzel, M. L.; Müller, S.; Reinhardt, T.; Röder, M.; Rusev, G.; Schilling, K. D.; Schmidt, K.; Schramm, G.; Tonchev, A. P.; Tornow, W.; Wagner, A.

Nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments have been performed at the bremsstrahlung facility of the ELBE accelerator in Dresden-Rossendorf. The electromagnetic dipole strength below the neutron separation energy of several nuclei in the chain of Xenon isotopes has been investigated.
The measurements in chain of gaseous isotopes allowed a comparison of the summed strength not only as a function of the neutron-to-proton ratio but also of the nuclear quadrupole deformation.
Experiments and calculations using a quasiparticle random-phase approximation have been used in the chain of Xenon isotopes to estimate the importance nuclear deformation in the energy region on the pygmy strength.

Keywords: nuclear resonance flourescence; nuclear structure; pygmy strength; photo absorption; nuclear deformation

Related publications

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2013, 04.-08.03.2013, New York, USA
  • Lecture (Conference)
    4th Workshop on Nuclear Level Density and Gamma Strength, 27.-31.05.2013, Oslo, Norwegen
  • Contribution to proceedings
    International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2013, 04.-08.03.2013, New York, USA
    DOI: 10.1016/j.nds.2014.08.087
  • Lecture (Conference)
    ERINDA Workshop 2013, 01.-03.10.2013, Genf, Schweiz

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19015
Publ.-Id: 19015


EASY – ein integriertes elektronisches Antragssystem für öffentliche Fördermittel in Deutschland

Joehnk, P.; Bernhardt, M.; Moravcik, O.; Ducky, M.; Petrik, D.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    CO-MAT-TECH 2000, 19.-20.10.2000, Trnava, Slowakei
    Proceedings of CO-MAT-TECH 2000: Slovenská Technická Univerzita v Bratislave, 121-126

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19014
Publ.-Id: 19014


Radiopharmacological characterisation of an 18F-labelled azadipeptide nitrile as novel probe for molecular imaging of the tumour-associated cathepsin activity

Löser, R.; Bergmann, R.; Frizler, M.; Mosch, B.; Steinbach, J.; Gütschow, M.; Pietzsch, J.

Objectives: The molecular processes leading to tumour invasion and metastasis are closely associated with a network of intra- and extracellular proteolysis. A prominent role in this network was assigned to the thioldependent cathepsins [1]. Among this class of cysteine proteases, the involvement in tumour pathology could be confirmed for the cathepsins L, S, B, and K.
Due to the vital role of these enzymes in tumour biology, molecular probes that enable their functional imaging in vivo by PET are highly desirable. To this end, an inhibitor of the azadipeptide nitrile chemotype [2] labelled with fluorine-18 was developed. Its radiopharmacological characterisation in normal and tumour-bearing animals to evaluate its potential for PET imaging was the objective of this study.
Methods: Compound 1 (Figure 1A) could be reliably prepared in its 18F-labelled version in a one-pot, two-step process from the corresponding compound bearing the free hydroxy group with intermediary 2-[18F]fluoroethyl nosylate. Its high affinity to the cathepsins L, S, B, and K is reflected by inhibition constants ranging from 0.17 nM (cathepsin K) to 2.4 nM (cathepsin B). The radiopharmacological behaviour of [18F]1 in normal rats was studied in vitro investigating its stability in rat blood, ex vivo by determining its biodistribution and metabolite analysis as well as in vivo by dynamic PET imaging. To evaluate the potential of [18F]1 for imaging of the tumour-associated cathepsin activity its fate in nude mice bearing the tumours derived from the human alveolar carcinoma cell line NCI-H292 was followed with dynamic PET. The expression of the target enzymes in these tumours was studied by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Biodistribution data for [18F]1 after 60 min indicated that renal filtration is the main elimination pathway. Another large part is remaining in the blood, which is obvious from dynamic PET imaging as well (Figure 1B).
This could be partly attributed to the reaction of [18F]1 with glutathione in the blood. The glutathione conjugate of [18F]1 can be also found in the urine and the gut besides the corresponding cysteine conjugate.
Evaluation of the kinetics of [18F]1 in NCI-H292 tumour bearing nude mice revealed its accumulation in the tumours with tumour to muscle ratios up to 10 after 2 h (not shown here) which indicates a specific tumour uptake.
This conclusion is further supported by the fact that all four cathepsins could be detected immunohistochemically in the tumour sections.
Conclusions: The in vivo behaviour of [18F]1 could be well characterised in normal rats as well as in NCI-H292 tumour mice. Despite suboptimal pharmacokinetics due to its inherent thiol reactivity, [18F]1 has the potential for imaging the tumour-associated cathepsin activity, which will be confirmed in further studies.
References: [1] Mason SD, et al. (2011) Trends Cell Biol, 21, 228-37.
[2] Löser R, et al. (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed, 47, 4331-4.

  • Poster
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (ISRS), 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 56(2013), S390
    DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3058
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19013
Publ.-Id: 19013


Entwicklung und Realisierung eines projektorientierten integrierten Finanzsystems für Forschungsinstitute

Joehnk, P.; Runow, A.; Sablik, J.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    CO-MAT-TECH 2000, 19.-20.10.2000, Trnava, Slowakei
    Proceedings of CO-MAT-TECH 2000, 127-138

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19012
Publ.-Id: 19012


Synthesis and radiopharmacological characterization of radiolabeled EGFR-specific oligopeptides

Starke, F.; Sihver, W.; Heldt, J.-M.; Sachse, S.; Bergmann, R.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Steinbach, J.

Objectives: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many types of human epithelial cancers. Because of its important role in the initiation and progression of tumors, it is an interesting molecular target for new radiotracers. [1] Recently, two short peptides for targeting the EGFR have been reported - the D4 peptide (sequence: LARLLT) and the GE11 peptide (sequence: YHWYGYTPQNVI).[2,3] These short oligopeptides should provide a high specific binding to EGFR-positive tumor cells as well as a rapid tumor uptake and fast blood clearance. We investigated the chemical modification and radiolabeling of the two peptides and examined the application of the D4 peptide as a possible agent for diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Methods: The D4 and the GE11 peptide haven been conjugated with several chelators, e.g. NOTA, DOTA and HYNIC, to allow radiolabeling with suitable radionuclides for diagnostic (e.g. 99mTc, 64Cu) or for therapeutic applications (e.g. 90Y). The properties of the conjugates were modified by the previous insertion of the newly developed hydrophilic, heterobifunctional linker 1. Toxicity tests have been made using a cell viability assay MTS on the EGFR-expressing cell lines A431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) and FaDu (squamous carcinoma cells). Binding assays were performed on membranes of A431-, FaDu- and non-EGFR-expressing MDA-MB435S cells.
Kinetics and saturation assays were conducted using the 64Cu-labeled conjugate 2. First biodistribution PET studies in nude mice have been performed.
Results: Conjugation of the two peptides with the new linker 1 followed by the reaction with different chelators gave overall yields of 40-65%. The GE11 peptide itself, as well as all of its conjugates which did not contain the hydrophilic linker 1, were not soluble in water and therefore inapplicable for further experiments. The remaining compounds were labeled with 64Cu and 68Ga (NOTA conjugates), 99mTc (HYNIC conjugates) and 90Y (DOTA conjugates) with specific activities of up to 980 GBq/μmol for 64Cu-2. No change of cell viability was observed after treating A431 and FaDu cells with plain D4 and D4-1 for 4 days at concentrations of up to 125 μM. Binding association with 64Cu-2 on A431 membranes reached equilibrium after one hour, on FaDu membranes equilibrium was not complete after two hours. TDiss½ was less than 5 min. In saturation assays, the affinity determination of 64Cu-2 on A431 and FaDu membranes gave Kd values of 28 ± 6 nM and 72 ± 18 nM, respectively. No specific binding of 64Cu-2 to MDA-MB453S cell membranes was observed. First PET studies with healthy nude mice showed a favorable biodistribution.
Conclusions: We successfully prepared and radiolabeled several conjugates of the EGFR-affine peptides D4 and GE11 with satisfying yields and high specific activities. The insertion of the new hydrophilic heterobifunctional linker 1 was necessary to achieve high solubility in water. The preservation of cell viability after D4 and D4-1 treatment indicates no toxic effect of the conjugates. The affinity of 64Cu-2 to the high EGFR-expressing A431 cells and the moderate EGFR-expressing FaDu cells was in the expected range. Binding assays with radiolabeled GE11-conjugates as well as PET studies of GE11-conjugates and 64Cu-2 with tumor-bearing nude mice are currently under investigation.
References: [1] Cardo-Vila M, et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107, 5118-23.
[2] Song S, et al. (2009) FASEB, 23, 1396-404.
[3] Li Z, et al. (2005) FASEB, 19, 1978-85.

  • Poster
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals (2013)56, S374
    DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3058
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19011
Publ.-Id: 19011


[18F]Fluorocyclobutyl group: sulfonate leaving group effect on the [18F]fluoride incorporation and subsequent alkylation reaction.

Graham, K.; Kniess, T.; Steinbach, J.; Friebe, M.; Dinkelborg, L. M.; Frank, D.

Objectives: The use of the [18F]cyclobutyl group as a potentially metabolic stable surrogate group for [18F]fluoroalkyl groups has been notified [1-3]. The radiolabeling of a cis-1,3-cyclobutanediol bis-toluenesulfonate
precursor and its conjugation to L-Tyrosine were reported with an overall yield of 8%±5.5 (n = 14, decay corrected). The aim of this work was to improve upon the yield by synthesizing various precursors with different sulfonate leaving groups and evaluating them for their ability to incorporate [18F]fluoride to form the 3-[18F]fluorocyclobutan-1-ol sulfonate 2. Furthermore the effect of these leaving groups on the conjugation reaction of 2 with L-Tyrosine to give the 3-[18F]fluorocyclobutyl-L-tyrosine ([18F]FCBT) should be assessed.
Methods: Various symmetrical cis-1,3-cyclobutanediol bis-sulfonates 1 were synthesized with the different commonly-used sulfonate leaving groups, i.e. tosylate, mesylate, triflate, nosylate and 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonate. These precursors were subjected to n.c.a. nucleophilic radiofluorination. The 18F-labeled intermediates 2 were purified and the alkylation reaction with L-Tyrosine under standard conditions was tested to assess their conversion to [18F]FBCT.
Results: The cis-1,3-cyclobutanediol bis-sulfonates 1 were synthesized from the cis-1,3-cyclobutanediol using standard methodologies [3]. The triflate derivative was found to be unstable on storage and was eliminated from further evaluation. The radiofluorination of the tosylate (65%) and 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonate (58%) precursors resulted in better [18F]fluoride incorporation than mesylate (30%) and nosylate (5%). The subsequent alkylation of the purified intermediates 2 with L-Tyrosine showed the same trend with 82% yield for tosylate and 69% yield for 2,3-dibromobenzenesulfonate () whereas mesylate gave only 4% yield and nosylate failed to give product.
Conclusions: By a systematic evaluation of different sulfonate leaving groups of the symmetrical cis-1,3-cyclobutanediol bis-sulfonates 1 and the conjugation of the resulting intermediate 2 with L-Tyrosine it was clearly demonstrated that tosylate and 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonate are more favorable than mesylate and nosylate.
Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge Selahattin Ede and Mario Mandau for technical assistance.
References: [1] Franck D, et al. (2011) J Nucl Med, 52, Suppl. 1, 168P. [2] Franck D, et al. (2011) J Label Compd
Radiopharm, 54, Suppl. 1, S447. [3] Franck D, et al. (2013) Bioorg Med Chem, 21, 643-52.

  • Poster
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals (2013)56, S134
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19010
Publ.-Id: 19010


Radioaktiv belastete Umwelt – Lebensräume für Bakterien?

Zirnstein, I.

Ob im Packeis, in der staubtrockenen Wüste, in Salzseen oder in sauren Halden – Bakterien und andere Kleinstlebewesen besiedeln alle Lebensräume. So leben sie auch in Schwermetall-belasteten und radioaktiv-kontaminierten Milieus z. B. in ehemaligen Uran-Bergwerken. Ihr Überleben in solchen extremen Umgebungen kann bei der Reinigung von Abwässern oder der Gewinnung von Rohstoffen sogar für den Menschen nützlich sein.

  • Lecture (others)
    11.Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften 2013, 05.07.2013, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19009
Publ.-Id: 19009


Affinity of yttrium-90 labeled anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografts, compared to the response to combined external and internal irradiation

Sihver, W.; Koi, L.; Brüchner, K.; Heldt, J.-M.; Bergmann, R.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Pietzsch, J.; Steinbach, J.; Zips, D.; Baumann, M.

Objectives: Since the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often overexpressed in HNSCCs, there is strong interest to inhibit the growth of these tumor entities via the EGFR. Thus, in this study pharmacological parameters (Ki and Bmax) of the chimeric monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225), conjugated with the bifunctional chelator (BFC) CHX-A’’-DTPA (C1), labeled with the therapeutic radionuclide yttrium-90 were determined in three different HNSCC cell lines, whose EGFR expression was also estimated. Furthermore, nude mice bearing xenografts generated from these three HNSCC cells were studied in order to investigate whether internal irradiation with the radiolabeled antibody conjugate could improve the results of external irradiation alone.
Methods: C1 was conjugated to C225 via thiourea bridging. MALDI-TOF-MS revealed a BFC to C225 ratio of 4 to 1. The affinity of the yttrium-90 labeled conjugate C1-C225 was determined using membranes of the HNSCC cell lines FaDu, UT-SCC-5 and UT-SCC-8. The EGFR expression was determined by Western blotting. The tumor models were created by s.c. transplantation of pieces from the investigated tumor lines into the hind leg of nude mice (NMRI nu/nu). Different experimental groups were treated by either [90Y]C1-C225 alone, C225 alone, external irradiation alone, external irradiation plus unlabeled C225 or external irradiation plus [90Y]C1-C225.
Results: [90Y]C1-C225 was routinely prepared with high specific activity (about 8 GBq/mg) and showed high affinity with Kd values in the low nanomolar range and a maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) of 4.0, 4.9 and 10.4 pmol/mg in membranes of FaDu, UT-SCC-5 and UT-SCC-8 cells, respectively. In vitro the EFGR expression in these cell lines correlated well with the corresponding Bmax values. In vivo the HNSCC tumors showed a different response to [90Y]C1-C225 alone compared to unlabeled C225 receiving a specific tumor growth delay of 4.2, 0.07 and 3.7 for FaDu, UT-SCC-5 and UT-SCC-8. In FaDu the tumor control dose (TCD50) was significantly decreased after external irradiation in combination with internal irradiation. In contrast to the effect in FaDu no change of the TCD50 was observed in UT-SCC-5.
Conclusions: For [90Y]C1-C225 a high affinity was determined in membranes of three different HNSCC cell lines and the Bmax values correlated with the EGFR expression in vitro. Furthermore, in different HNSCC different responses to treatment were observed. However, the intertumoral heterogeneity did not correlate with the Bmax values, thus it seems that additional factors influence the response to internal irradiation.
Acknowledgements: Supported by 02NUK006A+B (Kompetenzverbund Strahlenforschung, KVSF)

  • Lecture (Conference)
    20th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (ISRS), 12.-17.05.2013, Jeju, Korea
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 56(2013), S41
    ISSN: 0362-4803

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19008
Publ.-Id: 19008


Optimization of Pentadentate Bispidines as Bifunctional Chelators for 64Cu Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Comba, P.; Hunoldt, S.; Morgen, M.; Pietzsch, J.; Stephan, H.; Wadepohl, H.

Pentadentate bispidine ligands (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes) are optimized for maximum complex stability and facile functionalization with respect to their coupling to biological vector molecules and/or fluorescence markers for PET (positron emission tomography) and multimodal imaging (i.e., PET and optical imaging). The pentadentate ligand with two tertiary amine donors, two p-methoxy substituted pyridines, and one unsubsituted pyridine group is shown to best fulfill important conditions for PET applications, i.e., fast complexation with CuII and high in vivo stability, and this was predicted from the solution chemistry, in particular the CuII/I redox potentials. Also, solvent partition experiments to model the lipophilicity of the CuII complexes indicate that the bis p-methoxy substituted ligand leads to cationic complexes with an appreciable lipophilicity. This is supported by the biodistribution experiments that show that the complex with the p-methoxy substituted ligand is excreted very quickly and primarily via the renal route and therefore is ideally suited for the development of PET tracers with ligands of this type coupled to biomolecules.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19007
Publ.-Id: 19007


Strong-field THz spectroscopy of low-dimensional semiconductor systems

Helm, M.

Many low-energy excitations in solids fall into the meV or THz range. Whereas linear spectroscopy is a valuable tool to obtain information on the linear response of these excitations, recent progress in THz sources also enables one to access their nonlinear and time-resolved behavior. To this end we use a free-electron laser to study intraexcitonic transitions in quantum wells and carrier dynamics in graphene.
Excitons possess a hydrogen-like internal excitation spectrum with a characteristic energy scale in the THz range. We pump the 1s-2p intraexcitonic transition in GaAs and InGaAs multiquantum wells with a THz free-electron laser and probe the induced changes in the absorption spectrum via interband absorption using a near-infrared femtosecond laser. We observe a splitting of the 1s exciton line, which can be explained by the Autler-Townes or AC Stark effect [1]. The behavior is, however, much more complex than for an ideal two-level system. Since for electric fields in the 10 kV/cm range the Rabi energy is of the same order of magnitude as the 1s-2p transition energy, we are in fact clearly beyond the validity of the rotating wave approximation. At the highest fields, when also the ponderomotive energy (e2F2/4mw2) approaches the exciton binding energy, signatures of exciton field ionization are observed.
In graphene with its vanishing bandgap, interband excitations extend down to very low frequencies, where they compete with the free-carrier (intraband) absorption in lightly doped graphene (EF=13 meV). We have performed THz pump-probe experiments on multilayer graphene over a wide range of photon energies (10-250 meV) to investigate the carrier dynamics. Interestingly we observe a crossover from induced transmission (bleaching) for hw > 2EF to induced absorption for hw < 2EF. At these photon energies interband transitions are initially blocked, but become possible after intraband free-carrier absorption and heating [2]. In a magnetic field the bands split up into non-equidistant Landau levels, which can be pumped and probed selectively. Using left- and right-circularly polarized light reveals some surprising behavior related to the importance of Auger scattering.

Keywords: excitons; quantum well; free-electron laser; terahertz; graphene

Related publications

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    20th International Conference on Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems (EP2DS-20), 01.-05.07.2013, Wroclaw, Polen

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19006
Publ.-Id: 19006


Apatite and Clinopyroxene as Tracers for Metasomatic Processes in Nepheline clinopyroxenites of Uralian-Alaskan-Type Complexes in the Ural Mountains, Russian Federation

Krause, J.; Harlov, D. E.; Pushkarev, E. V.; Brügmann, G. E.

Clinopyroxene and apatite are found to trace metasomatic processes in nepheline-bearing clinopyroxenites (tilaites) from the igneous, mafic-ultramafic Uralian-Alaskan-type complexes of Kytlym and Nizhny Tagil, Ural Mountains, Russian Federation. The clinopyroxenites consist predominantly of coarse-grained, partially to totally altered clinopyroxene phenocrysts in a matrix of fine-grained olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and nepheline. Apatite occurs as idiomorphic inclusions (< 25 µm) in the clinopyroxene and as xenomorphic grains in the matrix.
In the matrix, plagioclase is partially to totally replaced by a fine-grained symplectitic intergrowth of K-feldspar and nepheline most likely due to the influx of an K2O-, Na2O-, and Al2O3-bearing fluid. During conversion of the plagioclase, CaO and SiO2 were partitioned into the fluid. Altered areas in the clinopyroxene phenocrysts are characterized by the redistribution of major and trace elements. This includes depletion in Mg, Rb, and Sr and enrichment in Al, Na, Ba, U, Th, REE except Eu, and HFSE compared to the original magmatic areas in the clinopyroxene. Apatite inclusions in the altered areas of the clinopyroxene and in the matrix are enriched in Cl relative to apatite inclusions in the unaltered areas of clinopyroxene.
It is proposed that these rocks experienced a two-stage metasomatic process. Stage 1 was the partial to total alteration of plagioclase to K-feldspar and nepheline due to interaction with an infiltrating (K,Na)Cl-rich brine (most likely late magmatic) with an Al component, which enriched the fluid in CaCl2. Stage 2 consisted of the partial to total chemical alteration of the original magmatic clinopyroxene by this now CaCl2-enriched fluid through the mechanism of coupled dissolution-reprecipitation. This process also chemically altered the apatite inclusions from fluor-chlorapatite to chlor-fluorapatite and redistributed as well as partially removed the titanomagnetite inclusions in the altered areas. This is supported experimentally by the fact that alteration of fluorapatite to Cl-rich apatite can only take place in the presence of CaCl2-bearing fluids and by the fact that in general Fe and Ti, along with most metal cations, are relatively mobile in Cl-rich fluids.
If this scenario is correct, the implications from this study are that inclusions of one mineral in a host mineral can be chemically overprinted during metasomatic alteration of the host mineral. While at the same time the original crystal shape and orientation of both the host phase as well as that of the inclusions are preserved.

Keywords: Fluor-chlorapatite; Clinopyroxene; Metasomatism; Coupled dissolution-reprecipitation; Uralian-Alaskan-type complexes

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19005
Publ.-Id: 19005


AMS measurements of cosmogenic and supernova-ejected radionuclides in deep-sea sediment cores

Feige, J.; Wallner, A.; Fifield, L. K.; Korschinek, G.; Merchel, S.; Rugel, G.; Steier, P.; Winkler, S. R.

Samples of two deep-sea sediment cores from the Indian Ocean are analyzed with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to search for traces of recent supernova activity ∼2 Myr ago. Here, long-lived radionuclides, which are synthesized in massive stars and ejected in supernova explosions, namely 26Al, 53Mn and 60Fe, are extracted from the sediment samples. The cosmogenic isotope 10Be, which is mainly produced in the Earth’s atmosphere, is analyzed for dating purposes of the marine sediment cores. The first AMS measurement results for 10Be and 26Al are presented, which represent for the first time a detailed study in the time period of 1.7-3.1 Myr with high time resolution. Our first results do not support a significant extraterrestrial signal of 26Al above terrestrial background. However, there is evidence that, like 10Be, 26Al might be a valuable isotope for dating of deep-sea sediment cores for the past few million years.

Keywords: accelerator mass spectrometry; dating; deep-sea Sediment; supernova; astrophysics; cosmogenic; radionuclide

Related publications

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19004
Publ.-Id: 19004


Ressourcentechnologien "Made in Germany" - bisherige Entwicklung und Perspektiven des Helmholtz-Instituts Freiberg

Gutzmer, J.; van den Boogaart, K. G.; Klossek, A.

Motivated by the steadily increasing global demand for metalliferous resources – as expressed by increasing prices and protective measures by resource-rich countries - the Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology was established in 2011 with the objective to develop technologies for the energy- and resource efficient as well as environmentally benign production and recycling of metalliferous raw materials. The HIF belongs to Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and is being established in close cooperation with the TU Bergakademie Freiberg. Metalliferous raw materials needed for the renewable energy sector, including the rare earth elements, indium, germanium and gallium, define the research focus of the Helmholtz-Institute as the rapidly increasing global demand for these metals needs to be urgently met by technological development. Research is carried out in close collaboration with partners from industry and academia in regional, national and international consortia. The Helmholtz-Institute also aims to make a relevant contribution to the education of a new generation of highly qualified academic and technical staff for German industry and academia.

Keywords: resource technology

  • Book chapter
    A. Sroka: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Markscheidewesen und Geodäsie an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg: Wagner Digitaldruck und Medien, 2013, 978-3-938390-10-8, 1-5

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19003
Publ.-Id: 19003


Röntgentomographische Untersuchung von Blasengeschwindigkeiten in vertikalen gas-flüssig Strömungen

Banowski, M.; Patmonoaji, A.; Lucas, D.; Hampel, U.

Die Entwicklung von neuen Zweiphasen-CFD-Modellen zur Berechnung von komplexen Strömungsvorgängen stellen ein wichtiges Ziel für Industrie und Forschung dar. Um neue Modelle sorgfältig validieren zu können, werden experimentelle quantitative Daten entsprechender Strömungsformen mit hohen zeitlichen und räumlichen Auflösungen benötigt. An der TOPFLOW-Versuchsanlage des HZDR werden dazu umfangreiche Versuche an einer vertikalen DN50-Testsektion mit Luft-Wasser und Dampf-Wasser-Strömungen bis zu p = 65 bar und einer weiten Variation der Leerrohrgeschwindigkeiten für die Wasser- und die Gasphase durchgeführt. Unter Verwendung der am HZDR entwickelten ultraschnellen Zweiebenenröntgentomographie werden momentane Gasgehaltsverteilungen im Rohrquerschnitt mit Bildraten von bis zu 2500 frames/s, einer Messzeit von 10 s und einer räumlichen Auflösung von ca. 2 mm gemessen. Nach erfolgter Rekonstruktion werden mithilfe von Segmentierungs- und Auswertealgorithmen Einzelblaseninformationen generiert. Diese Daten werden hinsichtlich Strömungsdetails wie Blasengrößenverteilungen, radiale Gasgehalts- und Gasgeschwindigkeitsprofile, Strömungsverhalten von Kleinblasen in Abhängigkeit benachbarter Blasen u. a. weiter analysiert. Der Geschwindigkeitsinformation von Einzelblasen kommt dabei eine zentrale Rolle zu. Um diese bestimmen zu können werden detektierte Blasen aus beiden Tomographieebenen in Größe, Ort und resultierender Geschwindigkeit verglichen, sodass Blasenpaare anhand von Wahrscheinlichkeitswerten für beide Ebenen ermittelt werden. Unter Verwendung des konstruktiven Abstands sowie des zeitlichen Versatzes zwischen beiden Ebenen wird die individuelle Blasengeschwindigkeit errechnet. Neben der Geschwindigkeit in Hauptströmungsrichtung können somit auch radiale Geschwindigkeitskomponenten einer Blase ermittelt werden. Auf Basis der ermittelten Geschwindigkeiten können somit von Ort und Blasengröße abhängige Geschwindigkeitsprofile erstellt werden.
Im Ergebnis stehen analysierte Messdaten mit hohem Informationsgehalt zur Zweiphasen-CFD-Modellvalidierung zur Verfügung. Diese neu generierten Daten werden in diesem Beitrag an verschiedenen Zweiphasenregimen bei aufwärts- sowie abwärtsgerichteten Strömungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Dazu werden neben quantitativen Ergebnissen auch qualitative Untersuchungsergebnisse von Geschwindigkeitsfeldern präsentiert.

Keywords: two-phase flow; bubble velocity

  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik 85(2013)9, 1423
    Online First (2013) DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250642
  • Lecture (Conference)
    ProcessNet Jahrestreffen der Fachgemeinschaft Fluiddynamik und Trenntechnik, 25.-27.09.2013, Würzburg, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19002
Publ.-Id: 19002


Segmentation of ultrafast X-ray tomographed gas-liquid flows in a vertical pipe at different flow regimes

Banowski, M.; Lucas, D.; Hoppe, D.; Beyer, M.; Szalinski, L.; Hampel, U.

At the Institute of Fluid Dynamics at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf the ultrafast electron beam X-ray computed tomography was developed in the last years to investigate two-phase flows. The tomography system works according to the scanned electron beam principle. In a recent study we investigated different gas-liquid flow regimes in a vertical pipe test rig at the TOPFLOW thermal hydraulic test facility. The study contains experiments of gas-liquid flow regimes varied with different superficial velocities for both phases and different flow directions. The obtained data is required for understanding fundamental physics of flow phenomena and for improving and validating of models for flow simulation codes.
To extract the needed data from the 3D gray value array, a new segmentation algorithm is developed. This algorithm bases on bubble detection by pixel agglomeration. The results are compared with threshold and gradient methods using two different bubble phantoms and real two-phase flow measurements. The new algorithm shows the best qualitative and quantitative results.

Keywords: X-ray; computed tomography; gas-liquid flow; segmentation

  • Open Access Logo Contribution to proceedings
    7th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography (WCIPT), 02.-05.09.2013, Krakow, Polska
  • Poster
    7th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography (WCIPT), 02.-05.09.2013, Krakow, Polska

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19001
Publ.-Id: 19001


Die Bedeutung der Materialwissenschaften für die zukünftige gesellschaftliche Entwicklung

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Plenarvortrag, CO-MAT-TECH 2000, 19.-20.10.2000, Trnava, Slowakei

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-19000
Publ.-Id: 19000


EASY – elektronicky system na vypracovanie ziadosti o grantove prostriedky

Joehnk, P.; Moravcik, O.; Schreiber, P.; Ducky, M.; Petrik, D.

  • ATP - Administrative Theory & Praxis 7(2000)12, 56-57

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18999
Publ.-Id: 18999


Entwicklung einer betriebswirtschaftlichen Gesamtlösung für Forschungseinrichtungen

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Vortrag DV-Ausschuss der WGL, 27.06.2000, Berlin, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18998
Publ.-Id: 18998


Konzeption und Einsatz moderner DV-Systeme in Forschungseinrichtungen

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Vortrag Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 08.05.2000, Bonn, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18997
Publ.-Id: 18997


New Publik Management: Neue Steuerungsmodelle in wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen

Joehnk, P.

  • Lecture (others)
    Doktoranden-Klausur des IFS, 17.04.2000, Jetrichovice, Ceska Republika

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18996
Publ.-Id: 18996


Neubau-Realisierung

Joehnk, P.

  • Communication & Media Relations
    Broschüre 01.11.1999

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18995
Publ.-Id: 18995


Personalinformationssystem für den Einsatz in Forschungseinrichtungen

Joehnk, P.; Sablik, J.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    7. Medzinárodná vedecká konferencia CO-MAT-TECH 1999, 19.-20.10.1999, Trnava, Slovenská

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-18994
Publ.-Id: 18994


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