Publications Repository - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

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41396 Publications

Strength, decay branching ratios, and angular distribution of the 0.987MeV resonance in the 14N(p,gamma )15O reaction.

Marta, M.; Bemmerer, D.; Beyer, R.; Broggini, C.; Caciolli, A.; Erhard, M.; Fülöp, Z.; Grosse, E.; Gyürky, G.; Hannaske, R.; Junghans, A. R.; Menegazzo, R.; Nair, C.; Schwengner, R.; Szücs, T.; Trompler, E.; Wagner, A.; Yakorev, D.

The 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction controls the rate of the hydrogen burning CNO cycle. This reaction has recently been re-studied at E < 500keV at different facilities, including LUNA. However, also data at higher energy play a role in determining the extrapolated cross section in the R-matrix framework. Here we report on a new measurement of the absolute strength, decay branching ratio, and angular distribution of the E = 0.987 MeV (E_x = 8.284 MeV) resonance carried out at the high-current FZD Tandetron. --- This work has been supported in part by the European Union (FP6 AIM RITA 025646).

Keywords: Nuclear astrophysics; CNO cycle; Tandetron; TiN solid target

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Frühjahrstagung des DPG - Fachverbands Hadronen und Kerne and European Nuclear Phyisics Conference (EuNPC), 16.-20.03.2009, Bochum, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12733
Publ.-Id: 12733


Determination of the Saturation Magnetization from Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Measurements of Ion Irradiated Multilayers

Markó, D.; Strache, T.; Lenz, K.; Fassbender, J.; Kaltofen, R.

Thin films and superlattices of Py/Ta with an overall Py thickness of 20 nm and different number of Py/Ta stacks were irradiated with Ne ions in order to study the influence of interfacial mixing on their magnetic properties. With both, increasing ion fluence and increasing number of Py/Ta interfaces, a decrease of saturation magnetization and an increase of damping can be observed. However, the small uniaxial anisotropy of the samples remains unaffected. The critical ion fluence at which ferromagnetism, depending on the number of interfaces, vanishes has been determined.

Keywords: Magnetic Multilayers; Magnetic Anisotropy; Ferromagnetic Resonance

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12731
Publ.-Id: 12731


Epitaxial 3C-SiC nanocrystal formation at the SiO2 /Si interface by combined carbon implantation and annealing in CO atmosphere

Pécz, B.; Stoemenos, J.; Voelskow, M.; Skorupa, W.; Dobos, L.; Pongrácz, A.; Battistig, G.

High quality 3C-SiC nanocrystallites were epitaxially formed on 100 Si wafers covered by a 150 nm thick SiO2 capping layer after low dose carbon implantation and high temperature annealing in CO atmosphere. Carbon implantation is used to introduce nucleation sites by forming silicon-carbon clusters at the SiO2 / Si interface acting as nucleation sites for the growth of 3C-SiC nanocrystallites. The formation of the nucleation clusters as well as the morphology, the size, and the density of the nanocrystals were systematically studied by conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The nanocrystallites were developed following two different modes of growth: The first develops facets along the <100> crystallographic direction giving tetragonal grains and the second facets along the <110> direction resulting in elongated nanocrystallites. The formation mechanism of the nanocrystallites and the strain related with them are also discussed

Keywords: nanocrystals; carbon implantation; annealing; CO; TEM; microstructure

  • Journal of Applied Physics 105(2009), 083508-1-083508-8

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12730
Publ.-Id: 12730


Memory effect of magnetic nanoparticle systems originating from particle size distribution

Zhang, G.; Potzger, K.; Zhou, S.; Mücklich, A.; Ma, Y.; Fassbender, J.

Magnetic characteristics of both interacting and noninteracting Fe nanoparticle systems synthesized inside LaAlO3 matrices were investigated, utilizing SQUID magnetometry. The origin of the magnetic memory effect was explored. We found that not the interaction between magnetic nanoparticles but the size distribution is mainly responsible for that effect. Transmission electron micrographs support the finding by recording the FC/ZFC magnetization to evidence our illumination.

Keywords: Magnetic nanoparticles; Ion implantation

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12729
Publ.-Id: 12729


Defect engineering in the MOSLED structure by the ion implantation

Prucnal, S.; Wójtowicz, A.; Pyszniak, K.; Drozdziel, A.; Zuk, J.; Turek, M.; Rebohle, L.; Skorupa, W.

When amorphous silica is bombarded with energetic ions, various types of defects are created as a consequence of ion-solid interaction (peroxy radicals POR, oxygen deficient centres ODC, non-bridging oxygen hole centres NBOHC, E’-centres, etc.). The intensity of the electroluminescence from oxygen deficiency centres at 2.7 eV, non-bridging oxygen hole centres at 1.9 eV and defect centres with emission at 2.07 eV can be easily modified by the ion implantation of the different elements (H, N, O) into the full processed MOSLED structure. Nitrogen implanted into the SiO2:Gd layer reduces the concentration of the ODC and NBOHC while the doping of the oxygen increases the EL intensity observed from POR defect and NBOHC. Moreover, after oxygen or hydrogen implantation into the SiO2:Ge structure fourfold or fifth fold increase of the germanium related EL intensity was observed.

Keywords: MOSLED; ion implantation; defect engineering; electroluminescence

  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 267(2009), 1311-1313

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12728
Publ.-Id: 12728


Ex-situ n and p doping of vertical epitaxial short silicon nanowires by ion implantation

Das Kanungo, P.; Kögler, R.; Nguyen-Duc, K.; Zhakarov, N.; Werner, P.; Gösele, U.

Epitaxial silicon nanowires (Si NWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si <111> substrates were separately doped p and n-type ex situ by implanting with B, P and As ions at room temperature with doses in the order of 1013 - 1014 cm-2. No implantation damage was observed in the B-implanted NWs after a rapid thermal annealing at 850°C for 30 s whereas the same could not heal out the P and As-implanted NWs completely. Electrical measurements showed that the desired doping concentrations were achieved for the B implanted NWs (p-type) while for the P and As implanted NWs (n-type) the measured carrier concentrations fell four orders of magnitude short of the intended. Incomplete electrical activation of the dopant atoms and out-diffusion/segregation at defects of dopants during annealing are probably responsible for such discrepancies in carrier concentrations in the n-type (P and As doped) NWs.

Keywords: Ion implantation; Doping; Si-nanowires

  • Nanotechnology 20(2009), 165706-165713

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12727
Publ.-Id: 12727


Spectroscopic characterization of Au-complexation and nanoparticle formation on S-layer protein of L. sphaericus JG-A12

Jankowski, U.; Fahmy, K.; Selenska-Pobell, S.; Merroun, M.

The strain Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12, isolated from the uranium mining waste pile “Haberland” in Saxony (Germany), is capable of selective and reversible accumulation of radionuclides and toxic metals. It was demonstrated that metal binding is caused generally by the surface layer of the protein. This S-layer possesses a highly ordered lattice structure and can serve as a template spatially confined metal nanoparticle growth.
Our aim was to elucidate binding modes of Au to S-layer protein from L. sphaericus JG-A12.
In this study Au-complexes were produced by sorption of Au(III) on S-layer and reduction of these complexes to Au(0) nanoparticles. Au(III) complexes and Au(0) nanoparticles were studied by means of FTIR and EXAFS techniques.
EXAFS reveals the short range environment of the metal. No significant differences between the Au(III) and Au(0) were observed. Furthermore, EXAFS can only distinguish between elements in the short range order around the metal, the detected elements N, O and C cannot further be assigned to specific chemical groups.
FTIR measurements have shown that side chain carboxylates play a different role in Au(0) complex formation as compared to the complexation of Pd(II) or Pt(II).
For Au a weakening of asymmetric (1560 cm-1) and symmetric (1400 cm-1) carboxylate stretching mode indicates a different binding mode of Au to protein, probably involving stabilization of the protonated state of the carboxyls.
Hypothesize that Au causes hydrophobic burial, and thus protonation of carboxylic side chains rather than ionic interactions as found for Pd.
The results let us conclude that the binding mode of Au to S-layer from L. sphaericus JG-A12 is remarkably different from that of Pt or Pd.

  • Poster
    The European conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules, 28.08.-02.09.2009, Palermo, Italien

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12726
Publ.-Id: 12726


Progress towards lightning control using lasers

Kasparian, J.; Ackermann, R.; Andre, Y. B.; Mechain, G.; Mejean, G.; Prade, B.; Rohwetter, P.; Salmon, E.; Stelmaszczyk, K.; Mysyrowicz, A.; Sauerbrey, R.; Woeste, L.; Wolf, J. P.

Lightning research needs on-demand lightning strikes, because of the random character of natural lightning. Lasers have been proposed as alternatives to the current technique using rocket-pulled wires, because they would expectedly provide more flexibility. However, high-energy, nanosecond lasers cannot provide long connected plasma channels. In contrast, we recently reported the triggering of electric events in thunderclouds using ultrashort laser pulses. Further improvements of the laser pulse sequence and experimental geometry are discussed.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12724
Publ.-Id: 12724


The age of the Monturaqui impact crater

Valenzuela, M.; Rochette, P.; Bourlès, D. L.; Braucher, R.; Faestermann, T.; Finkel, R. C.; Gattacceca, J.; Korschinek, G.; Merchel, S.; Morata, D.; Poutivtsev, M.; Rugel, G.; Suavet, C.

Introduction: The Monturaqui crater is the only meteorite impact related structure yet found in Chile. The simple crater of ~400 m diameter and ~34 m of depth [1] is localized at 3015 m altitude in the precordillera near the southern end of Salar de Atacama. The crater age was estimated as older than 0.1 Ma with an appreciable error by [2] by thermoluminescence analysis. We are reporting the first absolute ages of the Monturaqui impact following two approaches: a) the terrestrial age of the impactor by measuring the residual activities of 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 59Ni, 60Fe, and 53Mn in iron shale samples, which corresponds to the altered fragments of the impactor (coarse octahedrite - group I - deduced from Fe-Ni-spherules found in impact melt ejecta [2,3]), and b) surface exposure ages by measuring in-situ produced 10Be in the granite outcrops exposed to cosmic radiation on Earth.
Experimental: Accelerator mass spectrometry of 10Be and 26Al took place at ASTER, 36Cl at CAMS, and 53Mn at the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory. Other nuclides are foreseen soon.
Results: Measured concentrations are compared with depth-depending production rates (PRs) from theoretical Monte-Carlo calculations [priv.com., I. Leya]. As these PRs are based on the chemical composition (in space), remaining fragments are highly altered and precise chemical analyses could not yet be achieved, certain assumptions are influencing the discussion of our, thus preliminary, data.
The longest-lived radionuclide53Mn (t1/2=3.7 Ma), normalized to a fully corroded Fe2O3-sample, is the least sensitive nuclide to a varying terrestrial age, thus, providing us with the best value for a shielding depth: 62-71 cm. The best fit of the measured shortest-lived radionuclide 36Cl (t1/2=0.3 Ma) with theoretical PRs at that depth is for a terrestrial age of 500-600 ka. The 26Al-activity (t1/2=0.7 Ma) validates that age. The measured 10Be is far too high compared to theoretical PRs (based on a C-content of 0.1%, as Canyon Diablo). This goes along with earlier studies [4,5] demonstrating the big influence of inhomogeneously distributed traces as C, S, and P on the production of light nuclides.
Our second approach, using terrestrial 10Be, leads to a minimum in-situ exposure age of two quartz-rich samples from the crater wall of 200-250 ka. However, a larger age is very likely due to the subsequent erosion of the crater walls.
Preliminary paleomagnetic measurements of the granite within the crater revealed mixed normal and reverse magnetic field polarities suggesting a possible age for the impact remag-netization older than 780 ka.
Acknowledgements: CRONUS-EU, CNRS-CONICYT, M. Arnold, G. Aumaître, L. Benedetti, and I. Leya.
References: [1] Ugalde H. et al. 2007. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42:2153. [2] Buchwald V. F. 1975. Handbook of iron meteorites 1:262. [3] Bunch P. E. and Cassidy W. 1972. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 36:95. [4] Leya I. and Michel R. 1998. Abstract #1172. 29th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. [5] Leya I. et al. 1997. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 32:A78.

Keywords: accelrator mass spectrometry; terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides; AMS; TCN

  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Meteoritics & Planetary Science 44(2009)7 Suppl., 5185
    ISSN: 1086-9379
  • Poster
    72nd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, 13.-18.07.2009, Nancy, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12723
Publ.-Id: 12723


Hydrodynamische Untersuchungen in Rieselbettreaktoren mittels kapazitiver Gittersensoren

Kryk, H.; Schubert, M.; Schäfer, T.; Da Silva, M. J.; Thiele, S.

Rieselbettreaktoren sind von besonderer technischer Bedeutung für kontinuierliche Gas/Flüssig-Reaktionsprozesse. Voraussetzung für die strömungstechnische Analyse und Optimierung von Rieselbettprozessen ist die Kenntnis örtlich und zeitlich aufgelöster hydrodynamischer Parameter wie Phasen- und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung im Strömungsquerschnitt sowie Pulsfrequenz, -geschwindigkeit und Pulsform bei höheren Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten. Diese Aufgaben stellen hohe Anforderungen an neuartige Messsysteme.
Die Untersuchungen dieser charakteristischen Parameter wurden in einem Rieselbettreaktor im Pilotmaßstab (D = 100 mm, H = 1,4 m, Al2O3-Packung) durchgeführt. Als Messsysteme kamen 4 neuartige Gittersensoren zum Einsatz, die in verschiedenen Ebenen des Reaktors angeordnet sind. Die Sensoren bestehen aus zwei Ebenen, bei denen je 16 Edelstahldrähte rechtwinklig zueinander angeordnet sind, wodurch sich 208 Messpunkte je Sensor im Strömungsquerschnitt ergeben. Das kapazitive Messprinzip erlaubt die Anwendung industrierelevanter organischer Flüssigkeiten.
Durch eine hohe Abtastrate von bis zu 1000 Hz können auch transiente Strömungen im Reaktor, z. B. im Pulsregime oder bei instationärer Prozessführung, visualisiert werden. Die Verwendung eines Doppel-Gittersensors ermöglicht außerdem die Untersuchung von Strömungs- und Pulsgeschwindigkeiten mithilfe von Tracern. Die Untersuchungen dienen der Optimierung von Prozessführung und Apparatedesign sowie der Validierung von CFD-Simulationen.

  • Poster
    ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2009, 08.-10.09.2009, Mannheim, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik 81(2009)8, 1117-1117

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12722
Publ.-Id: 12722


Antiproton evolution in little bangs and in the Big Bang

Schade, H.; Kämpfer, B.

The abundances of antiprotons and protons are considered within momentum-integrated Boltzmann equations describing Little Bangs, i.e., fireballs created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Despite of a large antiproton annihilation cross section we find a small drop of the ratio of antiprotons to protons from 170 MeV (chemical freeze-out temperature) until 100 MeV (kinetic freeze-out temperature) for CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC energies thus corroborating the solution of the previously exposed ”antiproton puzzle”. In contrast, the Big Bang evolves so slowly that the antibaryons are kept for a long time in equilibrium resulting in an exceedingly small fraction. The adiabatic path of cosmic matter in the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is mapped out.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12721
Publ.-Id: 12721


Chiral symmetry and open-charm mesons

Hilger, T.; Kämpfer, B.

Pseudo-scalar and scalar D mesons are considered within the QCD sum rule approach. We present an analysis of the mass splitting of the pseudo-scalar D - D mesons and the relation to QCD condensates. Weinberg type sum rules are derived for chiral partners which highlights the role of the chiral condensate.

  • Open Access Logo Il Nuovo Saggiatore Italian Physical Society (2009)
  • Contribution to proceedings
    XLVII International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physcis, 26.-30.01.2009, Bormio, Italien
    Conference Proceedings Vol. 99

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12720
Publ.-Id: 12720


Uncertainty analyses of coupled thermal hydraulic/neutron kinetic code calculations for transients at NPPs with VVER reactors

Kliem, S.; Langenbuch, S.; Weiß, F.-P.

The transition from the application of conservative models to the use of best-estimate models raises the question about the uncertainty of the obtained results. This question becomes especially important, if the best-estimate models should be used for safety analyses in the field of nuclear engineering. Different methodologies were developed to assess the uncertainty of the calculation results of computer simulation codes. One of them is the methodology developed by Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) which uses the statistical code package SUSA. In the past, this methodology was applied to the calculation results of the advanced thermal hydraulic system code ATHLET. In the frame of the recently finished EU FP5 funded research project VALCO, that methodology was extended and successfully applied to different coupled code systems, including the uncertainty analysis for neutronics. These code systems consist of a thermal hydraulic system code and a 3D neutron kinetic core model. Six different working groups applying different coupled code systems performed calculations. The involved system codes were ATHLET and SMABRE. They were used for the calculations together with the 3D neutron kinetic core models DYN3D, KIKO3D, BIPR8 and HEXTRAN.
Two real transients at NPPs with VVER-type reactors documented within the VALCO project were selected for analyses. One was the load drop of one of two turbines to house load level at the Loviisa-1 NPP (VVER-440), the second was a test with the switching-off of one of two main feed water pumps at the VVER-1000 Balakovo-4 NPP. Based on the relevant physical processes in both transients, lists of possible sources of uncertainties were compiled. They are specific for the two transients. Besides control parameters like control rod movement and thermal hydraulic parameters like secondary side pressure, mass flow rates, pressurizer sprayer and heater performance, different neutron kinetic parameters were included into the list of possible sources of uncertainties. These are the burn-up state of the core, the control rod efficiency for different control rod groups and the coefficients for Doppler and moderator density feed back. By use of the SUSA package, sets of input data with statistical variation of the relevant parameter values were generated for a large number of runs of the coupled codes for each transient.
Time-dependent rank correlation coefficients were calculated showing the influence of the varied parameters on the output parameter under investigation. The most interesting output parameters are the physical parameters for which experimental data are available. First of all, these are the core power, upper plenum pressure, core outlet and loop temperatures. The calculation results allowed also the determination of time-dependent tolerance intervals for given coverage and confidence. The comparison of the experimental data, the (best-estimate) reference solution and the tolerance intervals showed how the agreement between experiment and calculation could be quantified. In most of the cases the tolerance intervals include the experimental curves. A compiled list of the most important input parameters based on the rank correlation coefficients shows, which input parameters and models are responsible for the deviations. This list gives indications for further model improvements and code developments.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    OECD Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Best-Estimate Modelling (UAM) for Design, Operation and Safety Analysis of LWRs - Third Workshop, 29.04.-01.05.2009, State College, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12719
Publ.-Id: 12719


Validation of the coupled code system DYN3D/ATHLET on the basis of transients at NPPs with VVER reactors

Kliem, S.; Rohde, U.; Weiß, F.-P.

In the presentation, an overview on the validation activities for the coupled 3D neutron kinetic / thermal hydraulic system code DYN3D/ATHLET is given.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    OECD Benchmark Workshop for Kalinin-3 VVER-1000 Coupled Code Calculations, 27.-28.04.2009, State College, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12718
Publ.-Id: 12718


Ion sputtering of Si surfaces at normal incidence: roughening versus smoothening

Zhou, J.; Facsko, S.; Keller, A.; Möller, W.

Ion sputtering of Si surfaces at normal incidence has been studied with and without metal codeposition. Metal impurities are necessary for dot pattern formation. Normal incidence ion sputtering of Si without metal codeposition has a smoothening instead of a roughening effect. The smoothening effect is effected by the presence of metal impurities and differs from „classical“ relaxation mechanisms where the decay coefficient has a power law dependence on the wavenumber.

  • Lecture (others)
    Treffen der DFG-Forschergruppe 845 "Selbstorganisierte Nanostrukturen durch niederenergetische Ionenstrahlerosion", 31.3.2009, Köln, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12717
Publ.-Id: 12717


Investigations of the beltline welding seam and base metal of a WWER-440 first generation reactor pressure vessel from the former Greifswald NPP

Schuhknecht, J.; Rindelhardt, U.; Viehrig, H.-W.

The paper presents results of the circumferential core weld SN0.1.4 and the base metal ring 0.3.1 of the RPV from the unit 1 of the Greifswald WWER-440/230. The investigated trepans represent the irradiated-annealed-re-irradiated (IAI) condition. The working program is focussed on the characterisation of the RPV steels through the RPV wall. The key part of the testing is aimed at the determination of the reference temperature T0 following the ASTM Test Standard E1921 to determine the fracture toughness in different thickness locations.

Keywords: WWER; reactor pressure vessel steel; weld metal; base metal; trepans; welding seam; fracture toughness; Master Curve; Charpy-V

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Structural Integrity and Life of NPP Equipment: SIL 2009, 20.-22.05.2009, Kiev, Ukraine
  • Contribution to proceedings
    Structural Integrity and Life of NPP Equipment: SIL 2009, 20.-22.05.2009, Kiev, Ukraine
    Abstracts "SIL-2009", Kiev, 978-966-02-5224-0, 10-11

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12716
Publ.-Id: 12716


Wasserkraftnutzung an der Saale

Rindelhardt, U.

Im Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Laufwasserkraftnutzung an der Saale dargestellt. Einem starken Ausbau in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts folgte ein Niedergang bis 1990. Heute arbeiten in Thüringen und Sachsen-Anhalt 32 Laufwasserwasserkraftanlagen mit einer Leistung von etwa 28 MW (Arbeit 120 GWh/a). Dazu kommen 110 GWh/a Strom aus regenerativer Wasserkraft von den PSW Bleiloch und Hohenwarthe I. Am bayrischen Oberlauf der Saale arbeiten 11 WKA mit einer Leistung von 0,7 MW (Arbeit 2 GWh/a). Unter den aktuellen Rahmenbedingungen kann noch mit einem Zubau von etwa 6 MW (24 GWh/a) gerechnet werden.
The development of the run-of-river hydropower on the river Saale is described. The extensive use in the first half of the last century was followed by a strong decrease between 1960 and 1990. Today 32 hydropower plants are again operating in Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt with total power of 28 MW (120 GWh/a). The PSP Bleiloch and Hohenwarthe I additionally provide a renewable hydropwer generation of 110 GWh/a. Further 11 plants operate in Bavaria (power 0,7 MW, energy 2 GWh/a). A power increase of about 6 MW (corresponding to 24 GWh/a) can be expected taking into account the actual framework conditions.

Keywords: potential hydro power; Saale river

  • EW : Das Magazin für die Energiewirtschaft (2009)19, 44-49

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12715
Publ.-Id: 12715


High-spin level structure of 94,95Mo

Zhang, Y. H.; Hasegawa, M.; Guo, W. T.; Liu, M. L.; Zhou, X. H.; de Angelis, G.; Axiotis, T. M.; Gadea, A.; Marginean, N.; Martinez, D. R. N.; Rusu, C.; Podolyak, Z.; Ur, C.; Bazzacco, D.; Brandolini, F.; Lunardi, S.; Lenzi, S. M.; Menegazzo, R.; Schwengner, R.; Gargano, A.; von Oertzen, W.; Tazaki, S.

High-spin level structures of 94,95Mo have been reinvestigated via the 16 O(82 Se, xn )94,95 Mo (x = 4, 3) reactions at E(82Se) = 460 MeV. The previously reported level schemes of these two nuclei have been largely modified up to 11 MeV in excitation energy due to identifications of some important linking transitions. Shellmodel calculations have been made in the model space of pi(p1/2 , g9/2 , d5/2 )4 and nu(d5/2 , s1/2 , d3/2 , g7/2 , h11/2 )2(3) and compared with the modified level schemes. The structures of the newly assigned high-spin states in 94,95Mo have been discussed.

Keywords: Nuclear Structure; Gamma-ray spectroscopy; Shell model

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12714
Publ.-Id: 12714


Interaction of uranium(VI) with nitrogen containing model ligands studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

Raditzky, B.; Schmeide, K.; Sachs, S.; Geipel, G.; Bernhard, G.

The complexation of uranium(VI) with two nitrogen containing organic ligands, representing model substances for humic acid building blocks, has been investigated at pH values between 1.5 and 4.5 and an ionic strength of 0.1 M (NaClO4). Using two independent fluorescence spectroscopic methods, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and TRLFS with ultrafast pulses (fs-TRLFS), the complex formation of uranium(VI) with anthranilic and nicotinic acid in aqueous solution was studied. In both systems a decrease in the luminescence intensity was observed with increasing ligand or metal ion concentration. Uranium(VI) complexes of the type MxLyHz were identified. Anthranilic acid forms a 1:1 complex under the given experimental conditions with a stability constant of log ß111 = 8.00 ± 0.10. For the uranium(VI) nicotinate system 1:1 and 1:2 complexes could be identified. The corresponding formation constants were calculated to be log ß111 = 8.60 ± 0.08 and log ß122 = 17.29 ± 0.10.

Keywords: uranium(VI); complexation; anthranilic acid; nicotinic acid; TRLFS; fs-TRLFS

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12713
Publ.-Id: 12713


Novel U(VI) Complexes of Bis(2-hydroxyaryl)imine Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Extraction Studies

Tanh Jeazet, H.; Doert, T.; Gloe, K.; Tsushima, S.; Geipel, G.; Gloe, K.; Bernhard, G.

The coordination chemistry of uranium in differen toxidation states has recently gernerated much attention due to several reasons. The most important reason is the separation of U(VI) presentin radioactive waste, but also the effects of U(VI) on our environment. The extraction and separation of U(VI) and other actinides, especially the separation from lanthanides, is most difficult due to their similar chemical behaviour...

  • Contribution to proceedings
    GDCh Jahrestagung, Fachbereich Nuklearchemie, 30.08.-02.09.2009, Frankfurt, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12711
Publ.-Id: 12711


Zeitaufgelöste PIV-Untersuchungen zur Strömungskontrolle mittels elektromagnetischer Kräfte in schwach leitfähigen Fluiden

Cierpka, C.

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZD-516 2009
    ISSN: 1437-322X

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12710
Publ.-Id: 12710


Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung von Uran (VI) mit der Grünalge Chlorella vulgaris in Abhängigkeit von pH-Wert und metabolischer Aktivität

Vogel, M.; Günther, A.; Raff, J.; Bernhard, G.

Die Grünalgen (Chlorophyta) gehören zur Gruppe der aquatischen „niederen“ Pflanzen, die in Süß-, Salzwasser und im Boden leben können. Aufgrund der weiten Verbreitung der Algen ist deren Einfluss auf die Migrationsprozesse von Uran und anderen Aktiniden in der Umwelt von grundlegendem Interesse. Außerdem spielen Algen eine wirtschaftlich relevante Rolle als Nahrungsmittel sowie Nahrungsergänzungsstoff, so dass von der Alge aufgenommene Schwermetalle und Aktiniden in die Nahrungskette gelangen und so auch eine Gesundheitsgefahr für den Menschen darstellen können.
Die einzellige Grünalge Chlorella vulgaris besitzt die Fähigkeit im pH-Wertbereich von 3 bis 7 größere Mengen an Uran (VI) zu binden.[1][2] Ziel dieser Studie war es die Wechselwirkung von Uran (VI) mit der Alge C. vulgaris quantitativ und strukturell insbesondere unter Einwirkung umweltrelevanten Urankonzentrationen bei metabolischer Aktivität der Zellen zu charakterisieren. Bei pH 4,4 wurde Uran (10-4 M, 5x10-6 M) sowohl von lebenden als auch toten Zellen unter den gegebenen experimentellen Bedingungen nahezu vollständig gebunden. Die Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung von Algen mit Uran bei Anfangs-pH-Werten von 4,4 bis 7 und niedriger Urankonzentration zeigte zunächst ebenfalls eine vollständige Sorption von Uran an die Zellen. Interessanterweise wird in Ansätzen mit metabolisch aktiven Algen ein Teil des gebundenen Urans im Verlauf der Inkubation wieder freigesetzt. Eine mögliche Erklärung dafür ist die Wechselwirkung des Urans mit Ausscheidungs¬produkten der Algen und eine dadurch bedingte Desorption. Für die Charakterisierung der in den Lösungen und an der Biomasse gebildeten Uranylspezies wurde die Laser-induzierte Fluoreszenzspektroskopie und die Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie genutzt. Die spektroskopischen Untersuchungen zeigen Unterschiede bei den gebildeten Komplexen zwischen Uran und der Algenbiomasse in Abhängigkeit von der metabolischen Aktivität der Algenzellen und der Uranspeziation in den Ausgangslösungen. Für die Bindung von Uran an die Algenzellen scheinen insbesondere Phosphatgruppen verantwortlich zu sein. Eine Beteiligung von Karboxylgruppen kann zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt nicht eindeutig ausgeschlossen werden.

Literatur:

[1] A. Günther et al., Biometals 2008, 21, 333. [2] M. Vogel et al., Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology 2008, 693.

Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; algae; uranium(VI); biosorption; TRLFS

  • Poster
    GDCh-Wissenschaftsforum Chemie 2009, 30.08.-02.09.2009, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12709
Publ.-Id: 12709


New age estimation of the Monturaqui impact crater

Valenzuela, M.; Bourlès, D. L.; Braucher, R.; Faestermann, T.; Finkel, R. C.; Gattacceca, J.; Korschinek, G.; Merchel, S.; Morata, D.; Poutivtsev, M.; Rochette, P.; Rugel, G.; Suavet, C.

The Monturaqui impact crater is the only meteorite impact related structure yet found in Chile. It is localized at 3,015 m altitude in the precordillera near the southern end of Salar de Atacama. It is a simple crater of ~400 m diameter and ~34 m of depth [1], first referred as an impact crater by [2]. The age of the crater was estimated as older than 0.1 Ma by [3] by thermoluminiscence analysis.
We are reporting the first absolute ages of the Monturaqui impact crater following two approaches: a) the terrestrial age of the impactor by measuring the residual activities of 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 59Ni, 60Fe, and 53Mn in selected iron shale samples, which corresponds to the remaining altered fragments of the impactor, inferred to be an iron meteorite, and b) in-situ ages obtained through the use of long-lived terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 26Al in the granite outcrops exposed to cosmic radiation starting after the impact.
Chemical preparation of targets suitable for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have been performed after [4] (for the iron meteorite sample) and a combination of slight modifications of [4] and [5] (for the granite samples).
AMS measurements of 10Be and 26Al have been performed at the French 5 MV-AMS facility ASTER, 36Cl at CAMS, LLNL, USA, and 53Mn at the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory (MLL).
We can compare our measured radioactivities with depth-depending production rates from sophisticated theoretical Monte-Carlo calculations [priv.com. I. Leya]. As these production rates are a function of the chemical composition (of the impactor in space), remaining fragments are highly altered and precise chemical analyses could not yet be achieved, certain further assumptions are influencing the following discussion of our, thus preliminary, data.
The longest-lived radionuclide 53Mn (t1/2=3.7 Ma), normalized to a fully corroded Fe2O3-sample, is the least sensitive nuclide to a varying terrestrial age, thus, providing us with a shielding depth of 62-71 cm. The best fit of the measured shortest-lived radionuclide 36Cl (t1/2=0.3 Ma) with theoretical production rate at that depths is for a terrestrial age of 500-600 ka. The 26Al-activity goes along with that age. Though, the measured 10Be-concentration is far too high in comparison to the theoretical production rate, which are based on an average carbon-content of 0.1% (as Canyon Diablo). As earlier studies [6,7] demonstrated the great influence of inhomogeneous distributed trace elements like C, S, and P on the production rates of lighter cosmogenic radionuclides in iron meteorite samples. Finally, under the contrary assumption of no corrosion of the impactor, the whole discussion changes only slightly: Deeper shielding position (66-80 cm), but as production rates of 53Mn and 36Cl are influenced the same way, the terrestrial age will not change.
Our second approach using terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclides leads to concordant results for 10Be only: The minimum in-situ exposure age of two samples from the crater wall could be calculated to 200-250 ka. A larger age of excavation is very likely due to the subsequent erosion of the crater walls.
We are looking forward to measurements of the most sensible 41Ca (t1/2=0.1 ka) that might improve the accuracy of this age.

References: [1] H. Ugalde et al., MAPS 42 (2007) 2153. [2] J. Sanchez, W. Cassidy, J. Geophys. Res. 71 (1966) 4891. [3] V.F. Buchwald, Handbook of iron meteorites, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley. Vol. 1 (1975) 262. [4] S. Merchel, U. Herpers, RCA 84 (1999) 215. [5] E. T. Brown et al., GCA 55 (1991) 2269. [6] I. Leya, Michel R., Lunar Planet. Sci. 29 (1998) #1172. [7] I. Leya et al., MAPS 32 (1997) A78.

Keywords: impact; terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides; accelerator mass spectrometry; meteorite; exposure age

  • Contribution to external collection
    in: Annual report of the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium für Kern- und Teilchenphysik der Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München und der Technischen Universität München (MLL), München: Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium, 2008, 27

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12708
Publ.-Id: 12708


Ultra-fast evolution via PT-symmetry and entanglement: extending the BBJM brachistochrone

Günther, U.; Samsonov, B.

The basics of quantum mechanical brachistochrones are briefly sketched for Hermitian systems as well as for PT-symmetric systems --- as the latter have been recently proposed by Bender, Brody, Jones and Meister (BBJM) in [C. M. Bender et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 040403 (2007)]. Using a mainly geometric approach, the hidden new features of this PT-symmetric brachsistochrone with its close relation to non-diagonalizable operator realizations with non-trivial Jordan block structures and spectral singularities (spectral exceptional points) are discussed. Furthermore the Naimark dilation technique as basic tool for an extension toward possible experimental implementations is explained. The remarkable links to wormhole-type setups and entangled states (Einstein's 'spooky action') are highlighted and sketched geometrically. The talk is mainly based on [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 230404 (2008)].

Keywords: quantum brachistochrone; quantum computing; PT quantum mechanics; strongly non-Hermitian regime; exceptional point; Anandan-Aharonov lower bound; ultra-fast evolution; POVM; Naimark dilation; Naimark extension; entangled state; two-qubit system; wormhole; Einstein's spooky action

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Arbeitsgruppenseminar "Theoretische Quantenoptik", Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, 08.05.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12707
Publ.-Id: 12707


Numerical simulations of liquid metal experiments on cosmic magnetic fields

Stefani, F.; Giesecke, A.; Gerbeth, G.

Cosmic magnetic fields, including the fields of planets, stars, and galaxies, are produced by the hydromagnetic dynamo effect in moving electrically conducting fluids. They play also an active role in cosmic structure formation by enabling outward transport of angular momentum in accretion disks via the magnetorotational instability (MRI). The last ten years have seen tremendous efforts in studying both effects in liquid metal experiments. This paper is focused on the numerical attempts that were undertaken to understand, optimize, and analyze those experiments.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12706
Publ.-Id: 12706


Helical magnetorotational instability in a Taylor-Couette flow with strongly reduced Ekman pumping

Stefani, F.; Gerbeth, G.; Gundrum, T.; Hollerbach, R.; Priede, J.; Rüdiger, G.; Szklarski, J.

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is thought to play a key role in the formation of stars and black holes by sustaining the turbulence in hydrodynamically stable Keplerian accretion discs. In previous experiments the MRI was observed in a liquid metal Taylor-Couette flow at moderate Reynolds numbers by applying a helical magnetic field. The observation of this helical MRI (HMRI) was interfered with a significant Ekman pumping driven by solid end-caps that confined the instability only to a part of the Taylor-Couette cell. This paper describes the observation of the HMRI in an improved Taylor-Couette setup with the Ekman pumping significantly reduced by using split end-caps. The HMRI, which now spreads over the whole height of the cell, appears much sharper and in better agreement with numerical predictions. By analyzing various parameter dependencies we conclude that the observed HMRI represents a self-sustained global instability rather than a noise-sustained convective one.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12705
Publ.-Id: 12705


Inferring basic parameters of the geodynamo from sequences of polarity reversals

Fischer, M.; Gerbeth, G.; Giesecke, A.; Stefani, F.

The asymmetric time dependence and various statistical properties of polarity reversals of the Earth's magnetic field are utilized to infer some of the most essential parameters of the geodynamo, among them the effective (turbulent) magnetic diffusivity, the degree of supercriticality, and the relative strength of the periodic forcing which is believed to result from the Milankovic cycle of the Earth's orbit eccentricity. A time-stepped spherically symmetric alpha2 dynamo model is used as the kernel of an inverse problem solver in form of a downhill simplex method which converges to solutions that yield a stunning correspondence with paleomagnetic data.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12704
Publ.-Id: 12704


Liquid metal experiments on helical MRI

Stefani, F.

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) plays a key role in the formation of stars and black holes. By destabilizing hydrodynamically stable Keplerian flows, the MRI triggers turbulence and enables outward transport of angular momentum in accretion discs. The Potsdam Rossendorf Magnetic InStability Experiment (PROMISE) is devoted to the experimental study of the so-called helical MRI. Preliminary experiments had confirmed the prediction that combined axial and azimuthal magnetic fields allow the investigation of the MRI in liquid metal Taylor-Couette flows at moderate Reynolds and Hartmann numbers. A drawback of these experiments was that the travelling MRI wave ceased at the radial jet that results from the Ekman pumping at the end-caps of the Taylor-Couette cell. However, by using split end-caps the Ekman pumping is strongly reduced so that the MRI wave can travel freely through the entire height. Consequently, the transition to MRI appears much sharper and in improved agreement with numerical predictions. By analyzing various parameter dependencies of the MRI wave we conclude that it represents a global instability and not a noise-triggered convective one.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    The Astrophysics of the Magnetorotational Instability and Related Processes, 14.-18.04.2009, Tegernsee, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12703
Publ.-Id: 12703


Liquid metal experiments on dynamo action and magnetic instabilities

Stefani, F.

The talk comprises a short summary of liquid metal experiments on dynamo action that have been carried out during the last decade. Its main focus, however, will be on recent experiments on the magnetorotational instability (MRI). The prospects for future experiments on dynamo action, MRI, and Tayler instability, as well as for possible combinations will also be discussed.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Frontiers in Dynamo Theory, 16.-20.03.2009, Paris, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12702
Publ.-Id: 12702


Mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Fe-Cr compacts strengthened by nanodispersed yttria particles

Franke, P.; Heintze, C.; Bergner, F.; Weissgärber, T.

Oxide dispersion strengthening of high-Cr steels is a well-recognized way to extend the application window including nuclear applications for this class of materials. The experimental investigation of model alloys of less complexity is important in order to separate individual influence factors and to understand the irradiation behaviour. The present work is devoted to the mechanical properties of ODS Fe-9wt%Cr alloys produced by means of spark plasma sintering. The range of material conditions covers contents of nanodispersed yttria of 0 (reference), 0.3 wt% and 0.6 wt% as well as variations of the milling time. Results obtained for the density, elastic properties, hardness, tensile behaviour and brittle-ductile transition are reported and the effect of ODS content and PM process parameters is discussed.

  • MP Materials Testing 52(2010), 133-138

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12701
Publ.-Id: 12701


Liquid metal experiments on cosmic magnetic fields

Stefani, F.

In the talk we summarize the experimental activities to study dynamo action and the magnetorotational instability in the liquid metal laboratory. Both processes are thought to play a key role in the understanding of accretion disks and jets in which ultra-high energy cosmic particles are believed to be produced.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays and Magnetic Fields in the Universe, 11.-14.02.2009, Tegernsee, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12700
Publ.-Id: 12700


Surface diffusion assisted phase separation during the growth of carbon:transition metal nanocomposite thin films

Abrasonis, G.

Encapsulated nanostructures formed by surface diffusion assisted phase separation during thin film growth are promising candidates for the multifunctional devices, high density magnetic storage media, multifunctional coatings, as large scale templates for nanowire fabrication. In this talk our activities concerning the investigation of the growth mechanisms of carbon: transition metal (TM=V,Co,Ni,Cu) thin films grown in the in the substrate temperature range of RT- RT-500 C will be summarized [1-5]. Vanadium (copper) is in the carbidic(metallic) state in the whole temperature range while Co and Ni undergo a transition from a carbidic towards a metallic state [3]. The vanadium carbide nanoparticles exhibit a globular shape independently on the growth temperature, while the other metals show a transition from a globular towards a columnar growth when the substrate temperature increases. At a fixed temperature, the morphology of Ni nanocolumns significantly depends on the substrate type which points out that the initial stages of the film growth determine the structure of the subsequently grown film [5]. The use of the hyperthermal species introduces an additional complexity in the phase separation process and allows obtaining a significantly larger variety of nanostructures due to the intperlay of vertical and lateral phase separation processes (disordered array of nanoparticles, self-organized multilayers, nanocolumns or liquid-like coalescence) [4].

[1] G. Abrasonis, M .Krause, A. Mucklich, K. Sedlackova, G. Radnoczi, U. Kreissig, A. Kolitsch, W. Moller, “Growth regimes and metal enhanced 6-fold ring clustering of carbon in carbon-nickel composite thin films”, Carbon 45, 2995 (2007).

[2] G. Abrasonis, A.C. Scheinost , S. Zhou, R. Torres, R. Gago, I. Jimenez, K. Kuepper, K. Potzger, M. Krause, A. Kolitsch, W. Moeller, S. Bartkowski, M. Neumann, R. R. Gareev, “X-ray spectroscopic and magnetic investigation of C : Ni nanocomposite films grown by ion beam cosputtering”, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 12628 (2008).

[3] G. Abrasonis, M. Berndt, M. Krause, K. Kuepper, F. Munnik, A. Kolitsch, W. Moller, “Soft X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopic Investigation of Carbon and Carbon: Transition Metal Composite Films”, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 17161 (2008).

[4] G. Abrasonis, G. Kovacs, L. Ryves, M. Krause, A. Mucklich, F. Munnik, M. Bilek, W. Moller, “Phase separation in carbon-nickel films during hyperthermal ion deposition“, J. Appl. Phys. submitted.

[5] G. Abrasonis, A. Mucklich, G. Kovacs, D. Babonneau, A. Martinavicius, M. Berndt, F. Munnik, M. Vinnichenko, K. H. Heinig, J. Grenzer, A. Kolitsch, W. Moller, ”Substrate Effect on the Surface Diffusion Assisted Phase Separation during the Growth of C:Ni Nanocomposite Films”, J. Phys. Chem. C submitted.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Second Plasma-Nano International workshop at CSIRO, Lindfield, Australia, 09.02.2009, Lindfield, Australia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12699
Publ.-Id: 12699


Phase separation in carbon-nickel films during hyperthermal ion deposition

Abrasonis, G.; Kovács, G. J.; Ryves, L.; Krause, M.; Mücklich, A.; Munnik, F.; Oates, T. W. H.; Bilek, M. M. M.; Möller, W.

Microstructure evolution as function of the substrate temperature and metal content of C:Ni nanocomposite films grown by hyperthermal ion deposition is investigated. The films were grown by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc on thermally oxidized Si substrates held at temperatures in the range from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C and with the metal content ranging from 7 to 40 at. %. The elemental depth profiles and composition were determined by elastic recoil detection analysis. The film morphology and phase structure were studied by means of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. For RT deposition a transition from repeated nucleation dominated toward self-organized growth of alternating carbon and crystalline nickel carbide layers is observed at a Ni threshold content of ~40 at. %. The surface diffusion increases concomitantly with the growth temperature resulting in the formation of elongated/columnar structures and a complete separation of the film constituents into the coexisting carbon and fcc Ni phases. At the highest growth temperature (500 °C) Ni shows a tendency to segregate at the surface of the growing film and to form a continuous layer for integrated Ni contents of =>30 at. %. A corresponding structure zone model diagram is presented, and the results are discussed on the basis of the ion induced atomic displacement, temperature activated adatom diffusion, and the metallic island coalescence processes whose complex interplay results in the observed variety of the microstructures.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12698
Publ.-Id: 12698


Substrate Effects on the Morphology of Carbon Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles Grown by Surface Diffusion Assisted Phase Separation

Abrasonis, G.; Kovacs, G. J.; Mucklich, A.; Zhou, S. Q.; Babonneau, D.; Martinavicius, A.; Berndt, M.; Munnik, F.; Vinnichenko, M.; Heinig, K. H.; Grenzer, J.; Kolitsch, A.; Schmidt, H.; Moller, W.

Encapsulated nanoparticles formed by surface diffusion assisted phase separation during thin film growth are promising candidates for the multifunctional devices or as large scale templates for nanowire fabrication. In this study, substrate type influence on the morphology of encapsulated metal nanoparticles in C:Ni films grown by ion beam cosputtering is investigated. C:Ni (∼15 atom %) nanocomposite thin films (∼50-70 nm thick) were grown at 400 °C on amorphous SiO2 and Nb2O5, polycrystalline TiN, and single crystalline MgO (001) substrates. Combined diagnostics using transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence smallangle X-ray scattering, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry demonstrate that all the films exhibit metallic nanoparticles elongated along the film growth direction, while the substrate material strongly influences their morphology even far away from the film/substrate interface despite the fact that repeated nucleation occurs in all the films. The mean nanoparticle diameter is strongly substrate dependent and ranges from ∼2 to ∼18 nm in the sequence SiO2 < MgO < Nb2O5 < TiN. In addition, the substrate type influences strongly the vertical film constituent distribution, resulting in a homogeneous metal constituent distribution for the films grown on the SiO2 and MgO substrates while causing the metal segregation at the film surface for the films grown on the Nb2O5 and TiN substrates. The results strongly suggest that the metal diffusivity, not that of carbon, is the limiting factor determining the film structure. The results are consistent with the nucleation and growth mechanism, with the repeated nucleation events being correlated with the preceding film morphology, rather than that of spinodal decomposition. Furthermore, the findings suggest that a controlled growth of encapsulated nanoparticles may be achieved with an ordinary cosputtering technique by changing the substrate type or state or by applying a variety of prepatterning recipes.

  • Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113(2009)20, 8645-8651

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12697
Publ.-Id: 12697


Terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclides and the new AMS facility DREAMS

Merchel, S.

no abstract necessary

Keywords: terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides; accelerator mass spectrometry

  • Lecture (others)
    Seminar über aktuelle Themen aus Kosmochemie und Astrophysik, 06.05.2009, Mainz, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12696
Publ.-Id: 12696


P0706 - Gittersensor

Schleicher, E.; Sühnel, T.; Boden, D.; Fischer, F.; Futterschneider, H.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Gittersensor vorzuschlagen, mit dem der Aufwand des Fertigungsprozesses sowie die Einbau- und Betriebskosten für den Gittersensor deutlich verringert und die Haltbarkeit sowie Druck- und Temperaturfestigkeit des Gittersensors gegenüber bisherigen Gittersensoren deutlich erhöht werden können.
Die technische Lösung beinhaltet im Wesentlichen, dass vom Rand des Messquerschnitts (2) aus Kanäle (3) mit einer Breite von mehr als dem Durchmesser der Drahtelektroden (6) und mit einer Tiefe von weniger als der halben Dicke der Sensorplatine (1) in dieser nach außen verlaufen, dass die Kanäle (3) mit einer Metallschicht (5) ausgekleidet sind, dass die Drahtelektroden (6) mit ihren beiden Enden jeweils in einem der gegenüberliegenden Kanäle (3) an der Peripherie des Messquerschnitts (2) eingelegt und in den Kanälen (3) mittels leitfähiger Verschlussmasse (8) fixiert sind, dass die leitfähige Verschlussmasse (8) in jedem Kanal (3) mit der Oberseite der Sensorplatine (1) plan abschließt und dass die Sensorplatine (1) zwischen zwei Spannplatten (10) eingespannt ist.
Fig. 2

  • Patent
    DE102007019926 - Erteilung: 09.04.2009, Nachanmeldungen: WO, EP (validiert in 12 Ländern), US

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12695
Publ.-Id: 12695


Probing the impact of microstructure on the electroluminescence properties of Ge-nanocrystal enriched Er-doped SiO2 layers

Kanjilal, A.; Rebohle, L.; Baddela, N. K.; Zhou, S.; Voelskow, M.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.

We present the microstructural evolution in Ge-rich SiO2 doped with Er under different fabrication conditions. At sufficiently high Er contents and annealing temperatures, the Er2O3 and Er2Ge2O7 phases are eventually formed, leading to an electroluminescence quenching of Ge-related oxygen-deficiency centers. The correlation between the microstructure and electroluminescence is discussed based on: (i) an Er doping dependent fragmentation/amorphization of Ge nanocrystals, (ii) a temperature dependent Ge diffusion toward the Si/SiO2 interface, and (iii) the formation of different Er phases.

Keywords: EL; XRD; RBS; Ge NCs; Er

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12694
Publ.-Id: 12694


Correlation between the microstructure and electroluminescence properties of Er-doped metal-oxide semiconductor structures

Kanjilal, A.; Rebohle, L.; Skorupa, W.; Helm, M.

Optical response of a rare earth (RE)-doped SiO2 layer is known to deteriorate markedly at room temperature due to RE clustering. The key challenge is therefore to probe the ongoing processes at the microscopic level and the subsequent impact on the luminescence properties with increasing RE concentration. Here, we report how the Er electroluminescence in a metal-oxide-semiconductor structure has been affected by increasing Er content. Our results indicate that the Er oxide clustering is anticipated by the formation of Si-based oxygen-deficiency centers during postimplantation annealing and leads to a strong quenching of the short-wavelength (350–500 nm) Er electroluminescence.

Keywords: Electroluminescence; Er; TEM

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12693
Publ.-Id: 12693


Comparative evaluation of coolant mixing experiments at the ROCOM and the Gidropress test facilities

Kliem, S.; Höhne, T.; Rohde, U.; Bykov, M.; Lisenkov, E.

Coolant mixing inside the nuclear reactor is the most important inherent safety mechanism against boron dilution or overcooling transients and in the case of pressurized thermal shock scenarios. In the frame of the TACIS Project R2.02/02 coolant mixing experiments have been performed at the 1:5 scaled Gidropress mixing test facility. This experimental facility consists of a model of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) with four circulating loops. The RPV model is made of steel and reproduces in the given scale practically all the geometrical features of the RPV of the VVER-1000 at the NPP Novovoronezh-5 which are affecting the in-vessel mixing phenomena up to the core inlet, particularly the internal components such as the barrel, the lower ellipsoidal perforated shell, the core support columns and the lower core plate. In the carried-out experimental series the mixing processes during reactor coolant pump (RCP) start-up, during natural circulation conditions with the variation of density ratio differences and during stationary flow conditions with different number of RCP in operation were investigated.
At Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, the 1:5 scaled mixing test facility ROCOM (Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model) has been in operation since ten years. This facility models the primary circuit of the German PWR KONVOI with all four loops. The vessel of the facility is made from Perspex. The geometrical similarity between the model and the original reactor is fully respected within the region in-between the bends in the cold legs, which are closest to the reactor inlet and the core entrance. The geometry of the inlet nozzles with their diffuser segments and the curvature radius of the inner wall at the junction with the pressure vessel were modeled in detail. Similarity is also taken into account for the core support plate with the orifices for the coolant and the perforated sieve drum (flow skirt below the core barrel) in the lower plenum. Beside others, experiments have been performed at the ROCOM test facility for the first and the third classes mentioned above for the Gidropress test facility. That allows comparing the experimental results obtained at both test facilities.
The analysis of the slug mixing experiments showed comparable flow behavior. The first part of the tracer is found on the opposite side in regard to the position of the starting-up loop. In this region, the maximum tracer is measured in both facilities. These maximum values differ by about the same value as the initial slug sizes in the experiments.
In stationary experiments at both test facilities a clear sector formation at the core inlet could be observed. Coolant from the loop with the perturbation arrives nearly unmixed in both cases at single measurement positions at the core inlet. In one of the Gidropress experiments an additional counterclockwise swirl was found which is responsible for moving the sector. In the corresponding ROCOM experiment such an additional swirl is fully absent. Contrary to that, a shift of the sector is found in a four-loop experiment at reduced flow rate.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Conference "Safety Assurance of NPP with WWER", 26.-29.05.2009, Podolsk, Russland
    Proc. of the 6th International Conference "Safety Assurance of NPP with WWER", CDROM, paper 008, Podolsk: OKB Gidropress Podolsk, 9785948830926
  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Conference "Safety Assurance of NPP with WWER", 26.-29.05.2009, Podolsk, Russland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12692
Publ.-Id: 12692


Ripple rotation in the anisotropic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

Keller, A.; Nicoli, M.; Cuerno, R.; Facsko, S.; Möller, W.

The formation of regular nanopatterns during low energy ion sputtering of solid surfaces has become a topic of intense research. This research is mainly motivated by promising applications of nanopatterned surfaces e.g. in thin film growth. On the other hand, these surfaces represent an interesting example of spontaneous pattern formation in non-equilibrium systems exhibiting different features like wavelength coarsening or a transition to spatiotemporal chaos. Different pattern types are observed for different experimental conditions, i.e. wavelike ripple patterns and hexagonally ordered dot arrays under oblique and normal ion incidence, respectively [1].
According to the model of Bradley and Harper (BH) [2], the regular patterns result from the competition between curvature dependent roughening and diffusional smoothing of the surface. Since the local erosion rate is higher in troughs than on crests, the eroded surface is unstable against any periodic perturbances. In the presence of a smoothing mechanism, however, wave vector selection occurs and a periodic pattern with a characteristic spatial frequency is observed. During recent years, several nonlinear extensions of the linear BH model have been proposed with the stochastic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation having played a prominent role [3]. However, although most experimental investigations on ion-induced pattern formation were performed under oblique ion incidence, only few theoretical studies focused on the corresponding anisotropic KS (aKS) equation.
In this work, we have investigated the influence of anisotropy on the morphology evolution in numerical integrations of the aKS equation. For a strong nonlinear anisotropy, a rotation by 90° of the initially formed ripple pattern was observed for intermediate and long integration times. Comparison with analytical predictions indicates that the observed rotated ripple pattern arises from anisotropic renormalization properties of the aKS equation. This result may also offer an explanation for the recent observation of transient structures in high-temperature experiments on Si(111) [4].

[1] W. L. Chan and E. Chason, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 121301 (2007)
[2] R. Bradley and J. Harper, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 2390 (1988)
[3] R. Cuerno and A.-L. Barabási, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 4746 (1995)
[4] A.-D. Brown, J. Erlebacher, W.-L. Chan, and E. Chason, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 056101 (2005)

  • Lecture (Conference)
    MRS Spring Meeting, 13.-17.04.2009, San Francisco, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12691
Publ.-Id: 12691


Introducing artificial length scales to tailor magnetic properties

Fassbender, J.; Strache, T.; Liedke, M. O.; Marko, D.; Wintz, S.; Lenz, K.; Keller, A.; Facsko, S.; Mönch, I.; McCord, J.

Magnetism is a collective phenomena. Hence, a local variation on the nanoscale of material properties which act on the magnetic properties affect the overall magnetism in an intriguing way. In particular important are the length scales on which a material property changes. These might be related to the exchange length, the domain wall width, a typical roughness correlation length or a length scale introduced by patterning of the material. Here we report on the influence of two artificially created length scales: i) Ion erosion templates which serve as a source of a predefined surface morphology and hence allow for the investigation of roughness phenomena, ii) Ion implantation through a lithographically defined mask which is used for a magnetic property patterning on various length scales. The resulting magnetic properties are neither present in non-implanted nor in homogeneously implanted films. In both cases the magnetic properties, the magnetization reversal process as well as the magnetic domain configurations depend sensitively on the artificially introduced length scale.

Keywords: magnetism; ion implantation; ripples; ion erosion; self-organization; magnetic anisotropy; domains

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12690
Publ.-Id: 12690


Hydrodynamic modeling of mineral wool fiber suspensions in a two-dimensional channel flow

Cartland Glover, G. M.; Krepper, E.; Weiss, F.-P.; Zacharias, F.; Kratzsch, A.; Alt, S.; Kaestner, W.

A consequence of a loss of coolant accident is the damage of adjacent insulation materials (IM). IM may then be transported to the containment sump strainers where water is drawn into the ECCS (emergency core cooling system). Blockage of the strainers by IM lead to an increased pressure drop acting on the operating ECCS pumps. IM can also penetrate the strainers, enter the reactor coolant system and then accumulate in the reactor pressure vessel.
An experimental and theoretical study that concentrates on mineral wool fiber transport in the containment sump and the ECCS is being performed. The study entails fiber generation and the assessment of fiber transport in single and multi-effect experiments. The experiments include measurement of the terminal settling velocity, the strainer pressure drop, fiber sedimentation and resuspension in a channel flow and jet flow in a rectangular tank. An integrated test facility is also operated to assess the compounded effects. Each experimental facility is used to provide data for the validation of equivalent computational fluid dynamic models.
The channel flow facility allows the determination of the steady state distribution of the fibers at different flow velocities. The fibers are modeled in the Eulerian-Eulerian reference frame as spherical wetted agglomerates. The fiber agglomerate size, density, the relative viscosity of the fluid-fiber mixture and the turbulent dispersion of the fibers all affect the steady state accumulation of fibers at the channel base. In the current simulations, two fiber phases are separately considered. The particle size is kept constant while the density is modified, which affects both the terminal velocity and volume fraction. The relative viscosity is only significant at higher concentrations. The numerical model finds that the fibers accumulate at the channel base even at high velocities; therefore, modifications to the drag and turbulent dispersion forces can be made to reduce fiber accumulation.

Keywords: Mineral Wool Agglomerates; Containment Sump; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Multiphase Flow

  • Lecture (Conference)
    The 13th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-13), 27.09.-02.10.2009, Kanazawa, Japan
  • Contribution to proceedings
    The 13th International Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-13), 27.09.-02.10.2009, Kanazawa, Japan
    Proceedings of 13th International Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-13)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12689
Publ.-Id: 12689


Quasimonoenergetic electron acceleration in the self-modulated laserr wakefield regime

Hidding, B.; Geissler, M.; Pretzler, G.; Amthor, K.-U.; Schwoerer, H.; Karsch, S.; Veisz, L.; Schmid, K.; Sauerbrey, R.

Details on the generation of multiple quasimonoenergetic electron bunches in the self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration SMLWFA regime are presented. This type of laser-plasma interaction can result in pronounced longitudinal laser pulse fragmentation, dependent on plasma density and laser intensity. It is shown by experiments and particle-in-cell simulations that these laser pulse fragments can be powerful enough to trigger nonlinear plasma wave breaking, injection, and acceleration of electrons to quasimonoenergetic energies. With high plasma densities, selfmodulation is promoted, and the advantages of SMLWFA such as especially high accelerating fields and short electron bunches (<5 fs) can be harvested. In addition, more than one quasimonoenergetic electron bunch can be created, with a temporal spacing between each bunch of only few tens of femtoseconds, again governed by plasma density.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12688
Publ.-Id: 12688


Hydrodynamic modeling of mineral wool fiber suspensions in a two-dimensional flow

Cartland Glover, G. M.; Grahn, A.; Krepper, E.; Weiss, F.-P.; Alt, S.; Hampel, R.; Kaestner, W.; Kratzsch, A.; Zacharias, F.

A consequence of a loss of coolant accident is that the local insulation material is damaged and maybe transported to the containment sump where it can penetrate and/or block the sump strainers. An experimental and theoretical study, which examines the transport of mineral wool fibers via single and multi-effect experiments is being performed. This paper focuses on the experiments and simulations performed for validation of numerical models of sedimentation and resuspension of mineral wool fiber agglomerates in a racetrack type channel. Three velocity conditions are used to test the response of two dispersed phase fiber agglomerates to two drag correlations and to two turbulent dispersion coefficients. The Eulerian multiphase flow model is applied with either one or two dispersed phases.

  • Contribution to proceedings
    17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, 12.-16.07.2009, Brussels, Belgium
    Proceedings of ICONE17 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering
  • Lecture (Conference)
    17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, 12.-16.07.2009, Brussels, Belgium

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12687
Publ.-Id: 12687


Mapping of 2+1 dimensional KPZ growth onto driven lattice gas model of dimers

Odor, G.; Liedke, B.; Heinig, K.-H.

We confirm by numerical simulations that the scaling exponents of the dimer model are in agreement with those of the 2+1 dimensional KPZ class.
Surface pattern form if we include Mullins diffusion in the simulation.

Keywords: KPZ equation; ion erosion; surface pattern formation

  • Poster
    International Seminar on Many-body systems far from equilibrium: Fluctuations, slow dynamics and long-range interactions, 16.-27.02.2009, Dresden, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12686
Publ.-Id: 12686


Mapping two-dimensional surface patterns and scaling onto driven lattice gases

Odor, G.; Liedke, B.; Heinig, K.-H.

We show that a (2+1)-dimensional discrete surface growth model exhibiting Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class scaling can be mapped onto a two-dimensional conserved lattice gas model of directed dimers. The KPZ height anisotropy in the surface model corresponds to a driven diusive motion of the lattice gas dimers. We conrm by numerical simulations that the scaling exponents of the dimer model agree with those of the (2+1)-dimensional KPZ class. This suggests that the dimension dependence has a topological (exclusion) origin. The mapping opens up the possibility of analyzing growth models via reaction-diusion models and allow much more ecient computer simulations (see [1]). In particular we provide very precise surface scaling exponents for d = 2; 3; 4; 5 dimensions obtained by ecient bit-coded algorithms and discuss the problem of the debated upper-critical dimension of KPZ. Furthermore if we supplement this model with conserved, competing surface diusion reactions we can obtain various, coarsening dot or ripple patterns (see image), which are important in self-organizing nano-structure research (see http://www.iom-leipzig.de/for845/).
[1] G. Odor, B. Liedke, and K.-H. Heinig, Phys. Rev. E 79 (2009) 021125.

Keywords: KPZ equation; ion erosion; surface pattern formation

  • Lecture (Conference)
    34th Conference of the Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics, 30.03.-01.04.2009, Leipzig, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12685
Publ.-Id: 12685


KPZ growth mapping onto driven lattice gas model of n-mers

Odor, G.; Liedke, B.; Heinig, K.-H.

We show that a 2+1 dimensional discrete surface growth model exhibiting KPZ class scaling can be mapped onto a two dimensional conserved lattice gas model of directed dimers. In case of KPZ height anisotropy the dimers follow driven diffusive motion. We confirm by numerical simulations that the scaling exponents of the dimer model are in agreement with those of the 2+1 dimensional KPZ class. This opens up the possibility of analyzing growth models via reaction-diffusion models, which allow much more efficient computer simulations.

Keywords: layer growth; ion erosion; scaling behavior; KPZ equation

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Workshop on Statistical Physics, 16.04.2009, Kisterem, Budapest Roosevelt tér 9, Hungary

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12684
Publ.-Id: 12684


Yb:CaF2 - a new old laser crystal

Siebold, M.; Bock, S.; Schramm, U.; Xu, B.; Doualan, J. L.; Camy, P.; Moncorgé, R.

Here is presented and discussed the history, the spectroscopic, the thermo-mechanical and the laser properties of the new old laser crystal Yb:CaF2, of its Sr and Ba isotypes as well as of an Yb and Na codoped compound. It will be shown that Yb:CaF2 is a very particular luminescent material, in which the laser active center probably consists of a complex hexameric cluster, that it is the most promising Yb doped °uoride material for large scale high power and high energy laser systems and that it can compete in several aspects with the currently used Yb doped oxide crystals and glasses. The opportunity of operating the crystals at cryogenic temperatures and the recently achieved improvements in the¯eld of femtosecond pulsed laser operation and high peak power laser amplication is highlighted and evaluated.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12683
Publ.-Id: 12683


Implications of a non-uniform permeability distribution on the generation of magnetic fields in the Von-K\'arm\'an-Sodium dynamo experiment.

Giesecke, A.

Numerical simulations of the kinematic induction equation have been carried out in a setup that resembles the configuration of the VKS dynamo experiment. Primary objective are investigations of the impact of the non-uniform permeability distribution introduced by the ferrous impellers that drive a flow of liquid sodium in the experiment. It is shown that a high-permeability domain favours the axisymetric field mode whereas the first non-axisymmetric mode remains nearly unaffected. However, to circumvent the restrictions of Cowling's theorem, still an alpha-effect is required to explain the axisymmetric field as it is observed in the experiment.

Keywords: VKS; Dynamo; Induction; MHD

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Seminar am Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), 05.05.2009, Paris, Frankreich

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12682
Publ.-Id: 12682


Electronic and magnetic structure of RScO3 (R=Sm,Gd,Dy) from x-ray spectroscopies and first-principles calculations

Raekers, M.; Kuepper, K.; Bartkowski, S.; Prinz, M.; Postnikov, A. V.; Potzger, K.; Zhou, S.; Arulraj, A.; Stüßer, N.; Uecker, R.; Yang, W. L.; Neumann, M.

The electronic structures of SmScO3, GdScO3, and DyScO3 are investigated by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). A strong hybridization between Sc 3d and O 2p is found, and a contribution of the rare-earth 5d states to this hybridization is not excluded. The band gaps of the compounds are determined by combining XES and XAS measurements. For SmScO3, GdScO3, and DyScO3 the band gaps were determined to be 5.6, 5.8, and 5.9 eV, respectively. Magnetization versus temperature measurements reveal antiferromagnetic coupling at 2.96 (SmScO3), 2.61 (GdScO3), and 3.10 K (DyScO3). For DyScO3 a Rietveld refinement of a 2 K neutron-diffraction data set gives the spin arrangement of Dy in the Pbnm structure (Shubnikov group: Pbnm).

Keywords: ab initio calculations; antiferromagnetism; dysprosium compounds; energy gap; magnetic structure; magnetisation; neutron diffraction; samarium compounds; scandium compounds; X-ray absorption spectra; X-ray emission spectra; X-ray photoelectron spectra

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12681
Publ.-Id: 12681


Implantation induced point defects and their role in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials processing

Kögler, R.

The origin of the distribution of ion implantation induced point defects in Si and their effect on the oxygen redistribution during SIMOX processing is discussed.

Keywords: Ion implantation; SOI; SIMOX

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Workshop Ionenstrahlphysik, 06.-08.04.2009, Jena, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12680
Publ.-Id: 12680


Effects of film thickness and Co doping on the magnetism of Pd structures

Pankoke, V.; Gemming, S.

Palladium in its ground-state has a non magnetic fcc structure. We suggest that it can be forced to get ferro-magnetic by an expansion of the lattice constant, or in case of thin films by a varying number of atomic layers. Another option to induce magnetism is to dope the Pd structures with 3d transition metals. We used first principles methods to calculate the magnetization density of different Co doped and undoped Pd structures. Calculations were carried out with the projector augmented waves (PAW) method in the LDA+U approximation and a plane wave basis set. In addition the linear augmented plane waves (LAPW) method was used and compared with the PAW results. Both methods show, that doping with 3d transition metals leads to magnetic moment at the Pd sites of the crystal. In case undoped Pd films the PAW results are similar to existing LAPW calculations.

Keywords: magnetism; doping; quantum well states; transition metals; stoner criterion

  • Lecture (Conference)
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM) 2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12679
Publ.-Id: 12679


Analysis of severe accidents in VVER-1000 reactors using the integral code ASTEC

Tusheva, P.; Reinke, N.; Altstadt, E.; Schaefer, F.; Weiss, F.-P.; Hurtado, A.

The studies presented are aiming at a detailed investigation of the behaviour of a VVER-1000/V-320 reactor and the containment structures during a postulated severe accident, including the ways and means by which these accidents may be prevented or mitigated.
A hypothetical station blackout scenario (loss of the offsite electric power system concurrent with a turbine trip and unavailability of the emergency AC power system), belonging to the typical beyond design basis accidents, has been investigated. Station blackout results in reactor shut down, loss of feed water and trip of all reactor coolant pumps. Continuous evaporation of the secondary side leads to steam generators’ depletion followed by heating up of the core. In case of unavailability of essential safety systems the core will be severely damaged and finally the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) might fail.
The analyses are performed using the integral code ASTEC commonly developed by IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire) and GRS (Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH).
Code-to-code comparative analyses for the early thermal-hydraulic phase have been performed with the GRS code ATHLET. A large number of sensitivity calculations have been done regarding the axial core power distribution, heat losses, and RPV lower head modelling. The analyses have shown that, despite the considerable differences in the codes themselves, the calculation results are similar in terms of thermal hydraulic response. There are discrepancies in timings of phenomena, which are within the limitations of the physical models and the applied nodalizations.
It was one objective of this investigation to evaluate the Severe Accident Management (SAM) procedures for VVER-1000 reactors, by for instance estimating the time available for taking appropriate decisions and preparing counter-measures. To evaluate the effect of possible operator actions, a SAM procedure (primary side depressurization) is included into the simulation. Without SAMs, the simulation provides plastic rupture of the RPV after approximately 4.3 h, while with SAMs, a prolongation of the vessel failure time is obtained by approximately 90 minutes.
Currently, the late phase of the accident is investigated in more detail by comparing the lower head behaviour as simulated by ASTEC with results from dedicated finite element calculations.
The work contributes to the reliability of the ASTEC code by means of plant applications.

Keywords: safety analysis; severe accidents; accident management measures; ASTEC; ATHLET; ANSYS

  • Contribution to proceedings
    17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering ICONE17, 12.-16.07.2009, Brussels, Belgium
    Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering ICONE17
  • Lecture (Conference)
    17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering ICONE17, 12.-16.07.2009, Brussels, Belgium

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12678
Publ.-Id: 12678


IAEA coordinated research project on Master Curve approach to monitor fracture toughness of RPV steels: effect of loading rate

Viehrig, H.-W.; Lucon, E.; Server, W. L.

The Master Curve (MC) approach procedure standardised in ASTM E1921 is defined for quasi-static loading conditions. However, the extension of the MC method to dynamic testing is well-established. The effect of loading rate can be broken down into two distinct aspects: 1) the effect of loading rate on Master Curve To values for loading rates within the loading rate range specified in ASTM E1921 for quasi-static loading, and 2) the effect of loading rate on Master Curve To values for higher loading rates. The IAEA CRP8 includes both aspects, but primarily focuses on the second element of loading rate effects, i.e. loading rate ranges above the upper limit of the E1921 standard and it comprises:

  • results of a round-robin exercise to validate the application of the Master Curve approach to precracked Charpy (PCC) specimens tested in the ductile-to-brittle transition region using an instrumented pendulum,
  • Master Curve data obtained at different loading rates on various RPV steels, in order to assess the loading rate dependence of To and compare it with an empirical model proposed by Wallin, and
  • the comparison of results from unloading compliance and monotonic loading in the quasi-static range.

Keywords: reactor pressure vessel steels; fracture toughness; Master Curve approach; loading rate

  • Contribution to proceedings
    2009 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference, 26.-30.07.2009, Prague, Czech Republic
    Proceedings of the 2009 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference, New York: ASME Technical Publishing Department
  • Lecture (others)
    2009 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference, 26.-30.07.2009, Prague, Czech Republic

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12676
Publ.-Id: 12676


QCD equation of state and compact stellar objects from Hard Thermal Loops

Schulze, R.; Kämpfer, B.

● QPM with ImΠi ≠ 0, plasmons and plasminos from HTL
● extrapolation of lattice QCD to large baryon densities, e.g. CBM@FAIR
● EOS for hydrodynamic phase of heavy-ion collisions (RHIC, LHC, SPS) and quark stars

Keywords: quasiparticle model; equation of state; hard thermal loops; QCD

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Gemeinsame DPG Frühjahrstagung mit der European Physical Society (EuNPC), 16.3.2009, Bochum, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12675
Publ.-Id: 12675


QCD equation of state and compact stellar objects from Hard Thermal Loops

Schulze, R.; Kämpfer, B.

We present a quasiparticle model based on a two-loop effective action equipped with hard thermal loop (HTL) dispersion relations and an effective running coupling strength. The model allows for an extrapolation of present QCD lattice results at small or zero chemical potential to larger baryon densities. The resulting QCD Equation of State is combined with the hadron sector to arrive at a usable form for hydrodynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions over a large energy interval. The EoS is shown for several regions of the phase diagram and implications for quark/neutron stars are discussed.

Keywords: QCD; compact stellar matter; hard thermal loops; quasiparticle model; equation of state

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Phases of Strongly Interacting Matter 2009, 08.-13.3.2009, Paris-Orsay, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12674
Publ.-Id: 12674


QCD Equation of State and compact stellar objects from Hard Thermal Loops

Schulze, R.; Kämpfer, B.

We present a quasiparticle model based on a two-loop effective action equipped with hard thermal loop (HTL) dispersion relations and an effective running coupling strength. The model allows for an extrapolation of present QCD lattice results at small or zero chemical potential to larger baryon densities. The resulting QCD Equation of State is combined with the hadron sector to arrive at a usable form for hydrodynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions over a large energy interval. The EoS is shown for several regions of the phase diagram and implications for quark/neutron stars are discussed.

Keywords: QCD; equation of state; quasiparticle model

  • Poster
    Schladming Winter School 2009, 27.02.-8.3.2009, Schladming, Österreich
  • Poster
    Quark Matter 2009, 29.03.-6.4.2009, Knoxville, TN, USA

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12673
Publ.-Id: 12673


Simultaneous structural and electrical measurements on Si-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 for PCRAM applications

Wilde, L.; Bähtz, C.; von Borany, J.; Krügener, J.; Teichert, S.

Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) based materials can be easily transformed between amorphous and crystalline phase and vice versa. The dramatic differences in the electrical resistance of these structural states make these materials suitable for non-volatile memory applications (phase change RAM or PCRAM). In order to tune these materials to the desired working point (e.g. low melting temperature, fast crystallization speed), dopants such as Si, N or O are used. In this study, we investigated the influence of PVD deposited Si dopants in 100 nm thin GST films on the crystallisation temperature and on the electrical resistance as well. The dopant concentration was varied between 0% and 3.5% by tunig the RF sputtering power on the SiO2 target. The XRD measurements (ESRF: ROBL beamline @ 12keV) were carried out in a high temperature chamber equipped with a Be dome, that allowed simulaneous determination of the sheet resistance by an electrical 4-point measurement. The samples were heated up to 450°C under vacuum conditions.
All samples were amorphous after deposition. Depending on the Si content, all samples crystallize in a cubic phase in the range between 160°C – 200°C. At the crystallisation temperature the electrical resistance drops by two orders of magnitude. A second transformation to a hexagonal phase was observed only for samples with a Si concentration below 1.0%. The temperature of this phase transformation depends significantly on the Si content. The electrical measurements show a further decline of the resistance upon this phase transformation. The cooling curve of the resistance measurements indicates, that the hexagonal phase exhibits metallic behaviour, whereas the cubic phase exhibits semiconducting properties.

Keywords: phase change memory; phase transformation; high temperature XRD

  • Poster
    12th International Conference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces, 05.-10.07.2009, Weimar, Germany

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12672
Publ.-Id: 12672


Formation of Uranium(IV) Nanoparticles

Zänker, H.; Weiß, S.; Dreissig, I.; Opel, K.

Uranium(IV) is usually regarded as sparingly soluble at near-neutral pH values. It should, therefore, be immobile in anoxic groundwaters. However, indications are that UO2 is able to form stable colloids (nanoparticles) [1] and the question arises if such nanoparticles might counteract the immobility of U(IV) in natural waters. Attempts were made by us to produce U(IV) colloids that are stable at environmentally relevant (i.e. near-neutral or slightly alkaline) pH values. It turned out that U(IV) colloids which are stable over many months can be produced by electrochemical reduction of U(VI) at alkaline pH, adding silicate and titration to the near-neutral region from the alkaline side of the pH scale.

Keywords: uranium(IV); nanoparticles; silicate

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Russian-German Symposium on Actinide nano-Particles, 21.-22.05.2009, Moskwa, Rossia

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12671
Publ.-Id: 12671


Spectroscopic investigations of uranyl reduction by Fe-bearing clays

Chakraborty1, S.; Boivin, F. F.; Gehin, A.; Banerjee, D.; Scheinost, A. C.; Greneche, J. M.; Mullet, M.; Bardelli, F.; Charlet, L.

Ferrous iron in clay is a potential natural reductant in anoxic environments. The reduction of UVI by FeII could be an important pathway for the immobilization of uranium in natural subsurface environments as well as in high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repositories. In the present study, we employed three dithionite-bicarbonate-citrate (DCB) treated, Ca-exchanged, Fe-bearing clays viz. montmorillonite (FeSM), Fe-rich smectite (Swa-1) and nontronite (NAu-2) with varying Fe content, and studied the reactivity of structural and readsorbed (surface complexed) Fe(II) species with respect to U sorption and/or reduction at pH 6 in a CO2-free anoxic atmosphere (<1 ppm O2 (v/v)) by using XPS, EXAFS and Mӧssbauer spectroscopies. The surface complexed Fe(II) species on untreated, Ca-exchanged clays were not found to be reactive in uranyl reduction. All three partially (17-45%) reduced, Ca-exchanged clays remove U from solution with a fast rate (minutes-hours), followed by a slow (months) reduction step. EXAFS analysis showed that UVI forms a mononuclear bidentate surface complex with FeIII in the untreated, Ca-exchanged clays which is the pre-requisite of heterogeneous reduction of U by their analogue in DCB treated clays. The adsorbed U was present as partially reduced mixed valence state (UVI and UIV) after 15 and 30 days. After 3 months, XANES spectra showed a substantial increase of UIV (20-50%) at the expense of UVI in case of reduced (DCB treated) FeSM, Swa-1 and complete reduction occurred (100%) in case of reduced NAu-2. The U4f5/2 XPS spectra were deconvoluted into two components, a higher binding energy (393.2±0.2 eV) for UVI and a lower binding energy (391.5±0.2 eV) for UIV. Despite the presence of abundant structural and readsorbed Fe(II) species and favourable reducing condition, the slow reduction of U might be due to (1) the stabilization of Ca in the clay interlayer inhibiting the cation release into solution which is coupled to the electron transfer process (2) that not all structural FeII species are potentially reactive at pH 6 and accessible to U for coordination.

Keywords: Uranium; reduction; clays; EXAFS; XPS

  • Lecture (Conference)
    Goldschmidt Conference, "Challenges to Our Volatile Planet", 21.-26.06.2009, Davos, Switzerland
  • Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73(2009)13, A205-A205

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12670
Publ.-Id: 12670


Molecular imaging of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: design and evaluation of the potent radioligand [18F]NS10743

Deuther-Conrad, W.; Fischer, S.; Hiller, A.; Ostergaard Nielsen, E.; Brunicardi Timmermann, D.; Steinbach, J.; Sabri, O.; Peters, D.; Brust, P.

Purpose
The outstanding diversity of cellular properties mediated by neuronal and nonneuronal α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR) points to the diagnostic potential of quantitative nuclear molecular imaging of α7 nAChR in neurology and oncology. It was our goal to radiolabel the α7 nAChR agonist 4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-1,4-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane(NS10743) and to assess the selectivity of [18F]NS10743 binding site occupancy in animal experiments.

Methods
[18F]NS10743 was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the nitro precursor. In vitro receptor affinity and selectivity were assessed by radioligand competition and autoradiography. The radiotracer properties were
evaluated in female CD-1 mice by brain autoradiography and organ distribution. Target specificity was validated after treatment with SSR180711 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and metabolic stability was investigated using radio-HPLC.

Results
The specific activity of [18F]NS10743 exceeded 150 GBq/μmol at a radiochemical purity >99%. In vitro, NS10743 and [18F]NS10743 showed high affinity and specificity towards α7 nAChR. The brain permeation of
[18F]NS10743 was fast and sufficient with values of 4.83 and 1.60% injected dose per gram and brain to plasma ratios of 3.83 and 2.05 at 5 and 60 min after radiotracer administration. Brain autoradiography and organ distribution showed target-specific accumulation of [18F]NS10743 in brain substructures and various α7 nAChR-expressing organs. The radiotracer showed a high metabolic stability in vivo with a single polar radiometabolite, which did not cross the blood–brain barrier.

Conclusion
The good in vitro and in vivo features of [18F] NS10743 make this radioligand a promising candidate for quantitative in vivo imaging of α7 nAChR expression and encourage further investigations.

Keywords: Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; PET; Diagnostic imaging; Nonneuronal; Oncology; Neurology; Diazabicyclononane

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12669
Publ.-Id: 12669


Magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO Nanowires

Granovsky, S. A.; Gaidukova, I. Y.; Markosyan, A. S.; Lu, J. G.; Chien, C. J.; Doerr, M.; Papageorgiou, T.; Wosnitza, J.

Structural, magnetic and transport properties of undoped and Mn-doped quasi onedimensional ZnO nano-wires formed as dendrite crystals of different width have been studied. All Mn-doped nanowires (Mn content 16% and 27 %) exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior, which is significantly temperature dependent. A small magnetic signal detected up to the room temperature is supposed to be due to small amounts of magnetic impurities. Analysis of the temperature dependencies of magnetization shows that the observed magnetic properties can be caused by the host ferromagnetic matrix with Curie temperature TC = 40 K.

  • Solid State Phenomena 152-153(2009), 303-306

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12668
Publ.-Id: 12668


Isostructural transition coupled with spin ordering in CsCuCl3: A spatially frustrated spiral crystal lattice

Plakhty, V. P.; Wosnitza, J.; Martin, N.; Marchi, Y.; Smirnov, O. P.; Grenier, B.; Gavrilov, S. V.

By means of single-crystal neutron diffraction, an isostructural transition is observed at the Néel temperature of CsCuCl3, a quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet with a helically modulated crystal structure that is built out of six Cu2+ layers. Abrupt atomic displacements of about 0.01 A minimize the ferromagnetic interlayer superexchange interaction via the path Cu-Cl1-Cu that enters also the antiferromagnetic path Cu-Cl1-Cl2-Cu. The latter couples only one pair of Cu2+ ions in each chlorine layer since all the other intralayer bonds either have much longer interatomic distances or include more than two intermediate Cl ions and, therefore, can be neglected. Thus, a spatial geometric frustration in this helically modulated stacked triangular lattice is provided by three Cu layers. Influences of the atomic displacements on the exchange energy, as well as the critical behavior of this spatially frustrated material, are discussed.

  • Physical Review B 79(2009), 012410

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12666
Publ.-Id: 12666


Low-dimensional compounds containing cyano groups. XVII. Crystal structure, spectroscopic, thermal and magnetic properties of [Cu(bmen)2][Pt(CN)4] (bmen = N,N´-dimethylethylenediamine)

Potocnák, I.; Vavra, M.; Cizmar, E.; Kajnaková, M.; Radváková, A.; Steinborn, D.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Feher, A.

The synthesis, structural analysis, spectroscopic studies, susceptibility and specific-heat measurements of {[Cu(bmen)2][Pt(CN)4]}n (bmen = N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine) are presented. X-ray crystalstructure analysis revealed that the [Pt(CN)4]2- building blocks are combined with [Cu(bmen)2]2+ units to form a chain-like structure along the a axis. The Cu(II) atoms are hexacoordinated by four nitrogen atoms in the equatorial plane belonging to two molecules of bidentate bmen ligands with average Cu–N distance of 2.043(18) A . The axial positions are occupied by two nitrogen atoms from bridging [Pt(CN)4]2- anions at a longer axial Cu–N distance of 2.490(4) A . The compound is characterized by the presence of a weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling J/kB = 0.6 K. Despite the one-dimensional (1D) character of the structure, the analysis of the magnetic properties and specific heat at very low temperatures shows that [Cu(bmen)2][Pt(CN)4] behaves as a two-dimensional (2D) square-lattice Heisenberg magnet with weak interlayer coupling.

  • Journal of Solid State Chemistry 182(2009), 196-202

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12665
Publ.-Id: 12665


Low-energy excitations in DTN below Tc: ESR studies

Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.; Kolezhuk, A. K.; Zapf, V. S.; Jaime, M.; Paduan-Filho, A.; Glazkov, V. N.; Sosin, S. S.; Smirnov, A. I.

NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 (known as DTN) is an S = 1 system with an easy-plane anisotropy dominating over the exchange interaction and exhibiting a field-induced antiferromagnetic ordering with critical fields Bc1 = 2.1 T, Bc2 = 12.6 T and temperature Tmax c = 1.2 K. A systematic study of the low-energy excitation spectrum of DTN in the ordered phase at temperatures down to 0.45 K is presented. It is showed that two observed gapped modes can be consistently interpreted within a four-sublattice antiferromagnet model with a weak isotropic corner-center interaction of magnetic ions in the body-centered tetragonal lattice.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150(2009), 042244

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12664
Publ.-Id: 12664


Ultrasonic investigation of NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 in the vicinity of the quantum critical points

Zherlitsyn, S.; Chiatti, O.; Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, A. A.; Zapf, V. S.; Jaime, M.; Paduan-Filho, A.

We report results of sound-velocity and sound-attenuation measurements in the quantum S = 1 spin-chain magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 that shows a field-induced antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering and two corresponding quantum critical points at Hc = 2.1 T and Hs = 12.6 T. The longitudinal acoustic c33 mode modulates the in-chain exchange interaction and shows a softening in the vicinity of the quantum critical points, accompanied by energy dissipation in the acoustic wave. We discuss our results with a model where the main contribution to the spin-lattice interaction arises from the exchange-striction coupling within one-dimensional spin-chains.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 145(2009), 012069

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12663
Publ.-Id: 12663


Magnetic properties of the S = 1/2 Heisenberg spin-chain material (6MAP)CuCl3

Ozerov, M.; Cizmar, E.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Xiao, F.; Landee, C. P.; Turnbull, M. M.

Magnetic properties of the S = 1/2 Heisenberg spin-chain material (6MAP)CuCl3 have been probed by means of magnetization, specific-heat and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. A pronounced low-temperature Curie-like tail in the magnetic susceptibility was found at low temperatures. As recently suggested, such a behavior could originate from staggered magnetization effects, responsible also for the field-induced gap opening in S = 1/2 chains with broken translational symmetry. We found a clear anomaly in the specific heat having a broad maximum at Tmax = 2.3 K, accompanied by a significant ESR line broadening and g-factor shift. The specific-heat anomaly is magnetic-field independent, indicating that its origin is not related to the field-induced transverse staggered magnetization effects

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150(2009), 042159

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12662
Publ.-Id: 12662


One-dimensional (Mo3S3)n Clusters: building blocks of clusters materials and ideal nanowires for molecular electronics

Gemming, S.; Seifert, G.; Bertram, N.; Fischer, T.; Götz, M.; Ganteför, G.

The geometric and electronic structures of gas phase Mo3nS3n+2 and Mo3n-1S3n+5 clusters are studied experimentally using mass and photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with calculations based on density-functional theory. Although such clusters have been known for decades as main constituents of Chevrel phases, we here report their first gas phase synthesis for sizes up to n=17 (Mo51S53). The smallest entities are Mo6S8 and Mo5S11 with HOMO-LUMO gaps of 0.9eV and 0.5eV. With increasing n, the clusters grow 1-dimensional and form nanowires with a vanishing gap. The sulfur atoms at both ends may easily bind to Au electrodes making these clusters promising components of future nanoelectronic devices.

Keywords: molybdenum sulfide; clusters; Chevrel compounds; density-functional theory

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12661
Publ.-Id: 12661


Interface and border trap relaxation in Si/SiO2 structures witzh Ge nanocrystals examined by transient capacitance spectroscopy

Beyer, R.; von Borany, J.; Burghardt, H.

The formation of interface and border states in metal-oxide-semiconductors structures associated with the generation of embedded germanium nanocrystals in 20 nm SiO2-layers by means of ion implantation and a subsequent annealing was examined. Deep level transient spectroscopy and related time-domain techniques were applied in order to study the charge trapping and emission at the Si-SiO2 interface. A significant dependence of the interface state density Dit on the conditions of the cluster generation was found. Any Ge-implanted sample features a pronounced level at about 0.31 eV above the valence band edge and a concentration above 1e13 /cm²eV, likely related to a Pb-center.
A systematic variation of the filling pulse parameters was utilized in order to separate the response of fast and slow states, and to substantiate the existence of border traps located in the vicinity of the Si-SiO2 interface. The role of interface and border traps for the relaxation of the trapped charge in the nanocrystals is illustrated.

Keywords: nanocrystals; Si-SiO2 interface states; capacitance transient spectroscopy

  • Poster
    16th Conference of Insulating Films on Semiconductors (INFOS 2009), 29.06.-01.07.2009, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Microelectronic Engineering 86(2009)7-9, 1859-1862

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12660
Publ.-Id: 12660


Annual Report 2008 Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research

von Borany, J.; Heera, V.; Helm, M.; Möller, W.; (Editors)

Outstanding scientific results and statistical overview of the Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research in 2008

Keywords: Selected Publications; Statistics

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZD-512 2009
    ISSN: 1437-322X

Downloads

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12659
Publ.-Id: 12659


Discontinuous Superconducting Transitions in the Paramagnetic limit: a Non-Perturbative approach

Maniv, T.; Zhuravlev, V.; Wosnitza, J.

The unusual superconducting (SC) phase transitions occuring under competing orbital and spin pair breaking, which characterize clean strongly type-II superconductors at low temperatures, are investigated within a non-perturbative approach, which avoides the difficulties encountered in various perturbative approaches and enables comparison with recent experimental data. It is shown that in a 3D system with strong spin-splitting, a spatial (FFLO) modulation of the order parameter along the magnetic-field direction preserves the continuous nature of the SC transition. However, at a magnetic field slightly below Hc2 the FFLO state becomes unstable, transforming discontinuously into a uniform SC state via a first-order phase transition. Our calculation shows that the entropy jump at the first-order phase transition is siginificantly larger than its total variation in the continuous region between the two transitions, in agreement with recent thermal-conductivity measurements performed on the heavy-fermion compound URu2Si2.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150(2009), 052151

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12658
Publ.-Id: 12658


Diameter and Morphology Dependent Raman Signatures of WS2 Nanostructures

Krause, M.; Virsek, M.; Remskar, M.; Salacan, N.; Fleischer, N.; Chen, L.; Hatto, P.; Kolitsch, A.; Möller, W.

WS2 fullerene particles and nanotubes show a diameter and morphology dependent Raman response, see figure showing response for WS2 nanotubes of 290 nm and 50 nm diameter. This enables the classification of WS2 nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanocrystals, and the estimation of geometric properties (Table of Contents).

Keywords: inorganic fullerenes; layered compounds; nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; tribological thin films

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12657
Publ.-Id: 12657


Magnetic properties of the Zn-doped Haldane-gap material NENB

Cizmar, E.; Ozerov, M.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Krzystek, J.; Landee, C. P.; Landry, B. R.; Turnbull, M. M.; Wikaira, J. L.

Experimental studies of the spin-1 Haldane-chain material Ni(C2H8N2)2NO2 techniques are reported. The presence of fractional S = 1/2 chain-end states, revealed by ESR and susceptibility measurements is found to be responsible for spin-glass freezing effects. It is suggested that a higher doping with Zn ions suppresses the spin-glass behaviour by creating shorter and isolated chain fragments.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150(2009), 042017

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12656
Publ.-Id: 12656


Erste Phantommessungen für eine prätherapeutische Dosimetrie mit Y-86-DOTATOC an einem PET/CT (Biograph 16, Siemens, Erlangen)

Andreeff, M.; Hartmann, H.; Oehme, L.; Kotzerke, G.; Walther, M.; Kotzerke, J.

Ziel/Aim:

Für die Therapie mit Y-90-DOTATOC wird obligatorisch eine posttherapeutische Dosimetrie unter Gammakamera durchgeführt, wobei die Nutzung der Bremsstrahlung für die Quantifizierung viele Limitationen mit sich bringt, so dass häufig als Surrogatmarker In-111-DOTATOC verwendet wird. Seit längerer Zeit wird eine prätherapeutische Dosimetrie mit Y-86-DOTATOC favorisiert. Phantom- und Patientenuntersuchungen für singuläre PET-Geräte älterer Bauart existieren. Aber es fehlen dezidierte Untersuchungen für moderne Hybrid-Geräte. An einem PET/CT-Gerät sollen Phantomuntersuchungen die Möglichkeiten zur Dosimetrie aufzeigen.

Methodik/Methods:

Für die Kalibrierung und mögliche Korrekturen wurde ein mit Aktivität füllbares Zylinderphantom (Durchmesser: 20cm, Länge: 20cm) mit 3 inaktiven Zylindereinsätzen (Teflon, Wasser und Luft) verwendet. Die Untersuchung wurde an einem konventionell kalibrierten PET/CT (Normalisierung mit F-18), LSO HiRes Biograph 16 (Siemens, Erlangen) durchgeführt. Zur genauen Aktivitätsbestimmung wurde ein Aktivitätsmessgerät ISOMED 2000 (MED Dresden) über die PTB Braunschweig für Y-86 kalibriert. Das Phantom wurde mit 5,8 kBq/ml Y-86 gefüllt. 3D-Aufnahmen erfolgten mit 10min pro Bettposition, AC-CT, Iterative Rekonstruktion (8i,4s, FWHM=5mm, Streukorrektur).

Ergebnisse/Results:

Die ROI-Auswertung am Phantom ergab eine Überbewertung ("falsche" Aktivitätsanreicherung) in den inaktiven Zylindern, bezogen auf die Aktivitätskonzentration im aktiven Zylinderbereich (Teflon +0,3%, Luft +22% und Wasser +2%). Mit der konventionellen PET-Normalisierung, Schwächungs- und Streukorrektur wurde die zu erwartende Aktivitätskonzentration im Zylinder um 45% reduziert wiedergegeben. Ein Rekonstruktionsvergleich mit und ohne Streukorrektur zeigte, dass der konventionelle Streukorrekturalgorithmus für Y-86 falsche Ergebnisse liefert. Für die weitere Quantifizierung ohne Streukorrektur wurde eine Crosskalibrierung vorgenommen und ein Kalibrierfaktor von 0,9 cps(Siemens)/Bq für Y-86 bestimmt.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Für eine prätherapeutische Dosimetrie mit Y-86 an einem PET/CT-Gerät, kann mit der konventionellen Kalibrierung (Normalisierung mit F-18) eine Quantifizierung vorgenommen werden. Die besten Ergebnisse sind bei Rekonstruktion ohne Streukorrektur (artefaktfrei) zu erreichen. Eine separate Crosskalibrierung für Y-86 ist notwendig. Die Überbewertung bei Luft ist sicherlich auf das ungünstige Emissionsspektrum von Y-86 zurückzuführen. Die gemessenen Überbewertungen (Reko: ohne Streukorrektur) für dieses 3D-PET Gerät (PET/CT, LSO) ist moderater als dies Pentlow [1] für einen 3D-BGO-GE-Scanner (Advance) (Teflon +161%, Luft -20%% und Wasser +56%) ermittelt hat.

Literatur/References:

[1] Pentlow, K.S., Finn, R.D., Larson, St.M. et.al., Quantitative Imaging of Y-86 with PET: The Occurrence and Correction of Anomalous Apparent Activity in High Density Regions; Clinical Positron Imaging, Vol.3, No.3, 2000

  • Poster
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A94
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12655
Publ.-Id: 12655


Präzisionsmessung der rekonstruierten Bildauflösung mit dem IEC/NEMA Ganzkörper Kugelphantom für verschiedene PET- und PET/CT-Scanner

Mix, M.; Eckerle, S.; van den Hoff, J.; Weber, W.

Ziel/Aim:

Für Multi-Center Studien mit unterschiedlichen PET-Scannern ist ein einfach anwendbares und robustes Verfahren zur Bestimmung der rekonstruierten Bildauflösung entscheidend um vergleichbare Ergebnisse bei der quantitativen Auswertung und Volumenbestimmung zu erzielen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war deshalb die präzise Bestimmung der Auflösung innerhalb des rekonstruierten Bildes mit Hilfe von Messungen am weit verbreiteten IEC/NEMA Ganzkörperphantom in Abhängigkeit vom Target zu Hintergrund Kontrast und der Zählstatistik.

Methodik/Methods:

Datengrundlage bildeten Messungen eines IEC Ganzkörperphantoms (Kugeleinsätze 10-37mm Durchmesser) an 7 Scannersystemen (2 BGO-, 3 LSO- und 2 GSO-Scanner) die im 3D und, wenn möglich, 2D Modus für unterschiedliche Messzeiten (1 bis 10min) und Kontrastverhältnisse zwischen Kugeln und Hintergrund (1:0,6:1/3:1/1,5:1) akquiriert und jeweils mit dem herstellerseitig empfohlenen Ganzkörperprotokoll rekonstruiert wurden. Die rekonstruierte Ortsauflösung im Bild wurde für jede der 5 Kugeln im Phantom durch Anpassung des entsprechenden Modells, d.h. durch Faltung der Objektfunktion (Kugel+Wand+Untergrund) mit einer Gauss-förmigen Point Spread Function an die vollständigen als Radialprofil aufgetragenen 3D-Messdaten (je nach Größe der Kugel ca. 103-104Datenpunkte pro Kugel) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse/Results:

Mit dem vorgestellten Regressionsverfahren kann unter klinikähnlichen Messbedingungen die rekonstruierte Bildauflösung FWHM [mm] anhand der Kugeln mit einer sehr hohen statistischen Genauigkeit von (2,8 +/- 0,1)% bestimmt werden (Mittelwert über 593 Kugeln). Für kleine Kugeln von 10-16mm Durchmesser ist die stat. Genauigkeit mit 3-5% etwas schlechter als mit ~2% für große Kugeln mit 22-37mm Durchmesser. Die Resultate zeigen, dass mit dem Ganzkörper-Standardprotokoll die rekonstruierte Bildauflösung bei allen Systemen deutlich unter der mit NEMA spezifizierten Geräteauflösung liegt. Sie ist i.w. unabhängig von der Messzeit (1-10min), sinkt aber mit fallendem Target zu Hintergrund Kontrast (gegenüber dem 1:0 Kontrast um 30% bei Kontrast 6:1, um 54% bei Kontrast 3:1 und um 80% bei Kontrast 1,5:1). Diese Auflösungsverschlechterung hat bei Strukturengrößen unterhalb dem Dreifachen der Bildauflösung direkten Einfluss auf die Quantifizierung und auf die das Volumen repräsentierende Aktivitätsschwelle.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Um eine auch für kleine Zielstrukturen über unterschiedliche Scanner gültige Quantifizierung und valide Methode zur Volumenbestimmung in der PET zu etablieren, muss zwingend die tatsächliche, rekonstruierte Bildauflösung einbezogen werden. Der hier beobachteten Abhängigkeit der Ortsauflösung vom Kontrast ist dabei Rechnung zu tragen.

  • Poster
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A93
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12654
Publ.-Id: 12654


Ultrasonic Investigation of NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2

Chiatti, O.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, A. A.; Zapf, V. S.; Jaime, M.; Paduan-Filho, A.

We report results of ultrasonic investigations of the quantum S = 1 spin-chain magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2, also known as DTN, in magnetic fields up to 18 T and temperatures down to 0.3 K. A field H along the [001] direction induces a transition into an antiferromagnetic phase with Tmax N = 1.2 K. Accordingly, at T = 0 there are two quantum critical points at ~2.1 T and at ~12.6 T. The acoustic c33 mode, propagating along the spin chains, shows a pronounced softening close to the phase transition, accompanied by energy dissipation of the sound wave. The H-T phase diagram obtained from our measurements is compared with results from other experimental investigations and the low-temperature acoustic anomalies are traced up to T > TN. We also report frequency-dependent effects, which open the possibility to investigate the spin fluctuations in the critical regions. Our observations show an important role of the spin-phonon coupling in DTN.

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12653
Publ.-Id: 12653


The pulsed magnetic field facility at Dresden

Wosnitza, J.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Zvyagin, S.

Since 2007, the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, HLD) operates as a user facility, providing unique experimental possibilities in pulsed fields. The HLD offers various experimental techniques, such as electrical transport, magnetization, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance. A particular feature of the laboratory is the next-door free-electron-laser installation used for high-field infrared spectroscopy and electron spin resonance in pulsed fields. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance and specific-heat measurement techniques are being developed in pulsed magnetic field. As the only laboratory in Europe, the HLD has reached magnetic fields of about 87 T allowing now to perform experiments in this field range for modern materials research. Several 60 and 70 Tesla magnets are regularly used by researchers. A two-coil 100 T prototype magnet and a long-pulse (1000 ms) 60 T magnet are ready for their first tests. Some recent scientific results will be highlighted.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2009), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12652
Publ.-Id: 12652


Antiferromagnetic Resonance of the Ho subsystem in Multiferroic HoMnO3

Kamemskiy, D.; Ozerov, M.; Cizmar, E.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.

Multiferroic HoMnO3 is ferroelectric below Tc = 875 K and antiferromagnetically ordered below TN(Mn) = 75 K (Mn subsystem). In addition, at TN(Ho) approximately 5 K the Ho subsystem undergoes a transition into an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The coupling between the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order parameters in HoMnO3 has not yet been unambiguously explained, revealing the importance of geometrical frustrations and a complex interplay between the Ho and Mn magnetic subsystems. High-quality single-crystalline samples of HoMnO3 were studied by means of X-band (9.3 GHz) electron spin resonance spectroscopy. A relatively strong absorption was found below 5 K, which corresponds to the temperature of the magnetic ordering of the Ho subsystem. The observed mode exhibits a very pronounced anisotropic behavior and can be interpreted as an excitation within the antiferromagnetically ordered Ho subsystem.

  • Poster
    International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2009), 26.-31.07.2009, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12651
Publ.-Id: 12651


THz-range free-electron laser ESR spectroscopy: techniques and applications in high magnetic fields

Ozerov, M.; Cizmar, E.; Kamenskyi, D.; Zherlitsyn, S.; Herrmannsdörfer, T.; Wosnitza, J.; Zvyagin, S. A.

The successful use of picosecond-pulse free-electron-laser (FEL) radiation for the continuous-wave THz-range electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been demonstrated. The unique combination of two linac-based FELs (covering the wavelength range of 4 - 250 μm) with high magnetic fields at the Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) allows for tunable-frequency ESR spectroscopy in an extraordinary broad frequency range of 1.2 - 75 THz in magnetic fields up to ~70 T. The new approach is of particular importance for studying magnetic excitations in materials exhibiting field-induced phenomena (including magnetic phase transitions) and in spin systems with a large zero-field splitting. The performance of the spectrometer is illustrated with ESR spectra obtained in the low-dimensional organic material (C6H9N2)CuCl3 and the multiferroic compound YMnO3 This work was made in collaboration with R. Wünsch, W. Seidel, H.D. Zhou, C. Wiebe.

  • Poster
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM)2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland
  • Poster
    Terahertz spectroscopy and its high-field applications & EuroMagNET II user meeting, 14.-16.06.2010, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12650
Publ.-Id: 12650


New ways of magnetoelastic measurements up to very high magnetic fields

Doerr, M.; Haase, A.; Kampert, E.; Rotter, M.; Zschintzsch, M.; Narumi, Y.; Loewenhaupt, M.

Scattering methods (x-rays or neutrons) as well as capacitive dilatometry can be used to investigate the magnetostriction (i.e. the change of length or shape) of solids with high accuracy and sensitivity (resolution limit for relative length changes about 10−9). The experimental range of scattering methods, especially, was extended to high magnetic fields of about 30 T in the last years. Therefore, these methods accompany the traditional dilatometry which was developed to work well up to the highest available fields (45 T in constant field magnets and 60 T in pulsed field systems). As examples, thermal expansion (investigated by x-ray diffraction and dilatometry), magnetostriction and magnetization measurements on the rare-earth based compounds Gd5Ge3, Tb5Ge3 and GdSi are discussed. The magnetoelastic behaviour of both Gd-containing substances shows an unexpected magnetic anisotropy which is caused by exchange striction effects. The complete set of (complementary) experimental methods resulted in a clear knowledge of the phase transitions from which, at least, the magnetic phase diagrams were constructed.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM) 2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12649
Publ.-Id: 12649


Deviations from the conventional BCS behavior in the penetration depth of lutetium-nickel-borocarbide films at terahertz frequencies

Fischer, T.; Pronin, A. V.; Wosnitza, J.; Niemeier, T.; Holzapfel, B.

We have measured the temperature and frequency-dependant transmission and phase shift through LuNi2B2C thin films on MgO substrates at terahertz frequencies. From the measured data, we could accurately determine the complex dielectric constant, epsilon, the complex optical conductivity, sigma, and the penetration depth, lambda. Comparing our measured results with theory, we find strong deviations from the standard one-band BCS predictions. These deviations can be attributed to the multiband nature of the superconducting state in LuNi2B2C.

  • Poster
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM) 2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12648
Publ.-Id: 12648


Quantum oscillations in the superconducting state of LuNi2B2C

Bergk, B.; Ignatchik, O.; Bartkowiak, M.; Maniv, T.; Zhuravlev, V.; Canfield, P. C.; Wosnitza, J.

We have studied the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect of the borocarbide superconductor LuNi2B2C both in the normal and in the superconducting state by use of the field-modulation method in high magnetic fields up to 15 T and at low temperatures down to 0.5 K. In the superconducting state we observed an additional damping of the dHvA oscillation amplitudes compared to the normal state for different dHvA frequencies. This is due to the opening of the superconducting gap and, therefore, enables us to determine the magnetic-field-dependent gap for different bands from this experiment. The possibility to perform the measurements at various crystal orientations in the magnetic field allows to examine the angular dependence of the superconducting gap parameter.

  • Poster
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM) 2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12647
Publ.-Id: 12647


Multi-frequency ESR studies on (TMTTF)2X: evidence of the anisotropic Zeeman interaction in the charge ordered state

Yasin, S.; Salameh, B.; Dumm, M.; Dressel, M.

We studied the charge ordered (CO) state of the quasi 1-D S = 1/2 quantum spin chains (TMTTF)2X (X=SbF6 and AsF6) by comprehensive W-Band (95 GHz), Q-band (34 GHz) and X-Band (9.5 GHz) ESR experiments between 4 and 300 K in order to explore the nature of the exchange interaction in the CO state. At high temperatures, both compounds show a linear decrease of the linewidth with decreasing temperature; this behavior does not depend on the applied microwave frequency as well as the anisotropy of both, linewidth and g-value. Below TCO, the breaking of the inversion symmetry of the (TMTTF)2- dimers results in additional contributions DeltaHCO to the ESR linewidth. While the linewidth is frequency independent along the three principle magnetic axes a, b', and c*, it is substantially enhanced for the Q- and W-band measurements along the diagonal of a − b' plane. The enhanced linewidth along 45° in the a − b' plane below TCO shows a quadratic frequency dependence which is characteristic for anisotropic Zeeman interaction. From this finding we can conclude that the charge order leads to two inequivalent magnetic sites. We will compare this result to one obtained on anion-ordered TMTTF salts where a different charge-order pattern was proposed.

  • Poster
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM) 2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12646
Publ.-Id: 12646


Erste Ergebnisse zur Darstellung entzündlicher Aktivität bei rheumatischer Arthritis mittels Tc-99m-Anti-CD4-mAb-Fragment-Szintigraphie

Steinhoff, K.; Pierer, M.; Siegert, J.; Pigla, U.; Laub, R.; Hesse, S.; Seidel, W.; Sorger, D.; Seese, A.; Künstler, J.-U.; Pietzsch, H.-J.; Emmrich, F.; Sabri, O.

Ziel/Aim:

Das auf T-Zellen lokalisierte Antigen CD4 stellt ein therapeutisches Target der Therapie der rheumatischen Arthritis dar. Bisher konnte diese Zielstruktur bildgebend jedoch nicht dargestellt werden. Ziel dieser Pilotstudie war es, die Verträglichkeit und Verteilung eines neuen murinen Tc-markierten Anti-CD4-Antikörperfragmentes bei Patienten mit rheumatischer Arthritis und dessen Eignung als Aktivitätsmarker einzuschätzen.

Methodik/Methods:

In die Studie wurden 3 weibliche und 2 männliche Patienten im Alter von 58 bis 71Jahren untersucht. Jeweils 30min, 1, 2, 4, 8 und 24 Stunden nach i.v. Applikation von 585 +/- 115 MBq wurden planare Ganz- und Teilkörper-Szintigraphien angefertigt und visuell in jeweils 68 Gelenken ausgewertet. Eine aktive Entzündung wurde klinisch durch Schwellung und Schmerz in mindestens einem Gelenk definiert (Gold-Standard). Die Patienten wurden bis 7 Tage p.i. klinisch nachuntersucht.

Ergebnisse/Results:

Nebenwirkungen konnten weder akut noch im weiteren Verlauf beobachtet werden. Ein Anstieg des humanen Anti-Murinen-Antikörper-Titers wurde ebenfalls nicht verzeichnet.

Bei allen 5 Patienten zeigten sich szintigraphisch positive Befunde in 25 von 37 klinisch mit Schmerz und Schwellung betroffenen Gelenken. Szintigraphisch positiv waren 19 von 277 Gelenken ohne klinisch nachweisbare Schmerz oder Schwellung. Somit errechnet sich eine Rate falsch-positiver Befunde von 7% und falsch-negativer Befunde von 32%.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Die Tc-99m-Anti-CD4-mAb-Fragment-Szintigraphie ist eine vielversprechende neue Technik zur Evaluierung der Lymphozytenaktivität im chronischen und akuten Stadium einer rheumatischen Arthritis, wobei offenbar die Spezifität höher ist als die Sensitivität. Ob damit auch eine Prognoseabschätzung möglich ist, müssen die Folgestudien mit längerem Follow-Up zeigen.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A73
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12645
Publ.-Id: 12645


Research and infrastructure at the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Wosnitza, J.

Since the beginning of 2007, the new Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, HLD) at the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, is accepting proposals for magnet time and is hosting user groups. Pulsed magnetic fields up to about 70 T (with 150 ms pulse duration in a 24 mm bore) as well as smaller ones (60-65 T, with 25-50 ms pulse durations) are available for users. Recently, the European record field of 87.2 T (10 ms in a 20 mm bore) has been reached in a newly designed double-coil system. Besides the ultimate goal of a pulsed magnet reaching 100 T for a timescale of 10 ms in a bore of 20 mm, further large-scale magnets (e.g. 60 T, 1 s, 40 mm) are planned. The necessary energy for the pulsed coils is provided by a world-unique 50 MJ capacitor bank. A free-electron-laser facility next door allows high-brilliance radiation to be fed into the pulsed field cells of the HLD, thus making possible unique high-field magneto-optical experiments in the range 4-250 µm. Cryotechniques and different sample probes for a broad range of experimental techniques, custom designed for the pulsed magnets, are readily available for users. In-house research of the HLD focuses on electronic properties of strongly correlated materials at high magnetic fields. Some examples of the scientific work being carried out will be highlighted.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    WHMFC´09 International Workshop on "Frontier Science in Pulsed High Magnetic Fields", 30.-31.03.2009, Wuhan, China
  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    International Workshop on Science and Technology at High Magnetic Fields, 06.-09.11.2012, Madrid, Spain

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12644
Publ.-Id: 12644


Evidence for a novel superconducting state in high magnetic fields

Wosnitza, J.

In the so-called FFLO state, named after Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin, and Ovchinnikov, the superconducting state can survive even at high magnetic fields above the Pauli paramagnetic limit. The quasi-two-dimensional (2D) organic superconductors have been suggested as good candidates for exhibiting the FFLO state. When applying the magnetic field exactly parallel to the conducting layers the orbital pair breaking is greatly suppressed and the Pauli limit is reached. We performed high-resolution specific-heat and torque-magnetization experiments in magnetic fields up to 32 T for such 2D organic superconductors. In a very narrow region close to parallel orientation we observe additional anomalies below the upper critical field signalling the existence of an additional superconducting phase. The specific-heat data for k-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 with Tc = 9.1 K show that the superconducting transition becomes first order for fields above 21 T indicating that the Pauli limit is reached. Below about 3 K, the upper critical field increases sharply and a second first-order transition appears within the superconducting phase. Our results give strong evidence for the realization of the FFLO state in organic superconductors.
Work done in cooperation with R. Lortz, B. Bergk, Y. Wang, A. Demuer, I. Sheikin, G. Zwicknagl, and Y. Nakazawa.

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    DPG Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Kondensierte Materie (SKM) 2009, 22.-27.03.2009, Dresden, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12643
Publ.-Id: 12643


Die Jagd nach dem Feldrekord - Forschung in hohen Magnetfeldern

Wosnitza, J.

es hat kein Abstrakt vorgelegen

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    Kolloquium des Max-Planck-Instituts für Plasmaphysik Greifswald, 06.03.2009, Greifswald, Deutschland

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12642
Publ.-Id: 12642


Scientific Opportunities at High Magnetic Fields

Wosnitza, J.

es hat kein Abstrakt vorgelegen

  • Invited lecture (Conferences)
    ILL Scientists Outdoor Meeting, 25.-27.02.2009, Grenoble, France

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12641
Publ.-Id: 12641


Vergleich der prätherapeutischen Dosimetrie mit Y-86-DOTATOC mit der Y-90-DOTATOC- Bremsstrahlungsdosimetrie bei neuroendokrinen Tumoren

Hartmann, H.; Andreeff, M.; Zoephel, K.; Oehme, L.; Strumpf, A.; Kotzerke, G.; Walther, M.; Kotzerke, J.

Ziel/Aim:

Die posttherapeutische Dosimetrie bei der Therapie neuroendokriner Tumore mit Y-90-DOTATOC kann mittels der Y-90-Bremsstrahlungsbilder einer Gammakamera durchgeführt werden, wobei die eingeschränkte Bildqualität jedoch Unsicherheiten birgt. Alternativ kann eine prätherapeutischen Dosimetrie mit Y-86-DOTATOC am PET/CT durchgeführt werden. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Übereinstimmungen oder Differenzen zur Y-90-Bremsstrahlungsdosimetrie zu finden.

Methodik/Methods:

Die Untersuchungen erfolgten bei bisher 5 Patienten an einem LSO-PET/CT-Tomographen (Biograph 16, Siemens Medical). Appliziert wurden 136 (110-153) MBq Y-86-Dotatoc, die Datenakquisition erfolgte 0,5/2,5/5/21/28 und 45 Stunden p.i. als Teilkörper in 7 Bettpositionen (3 bzw. 4 min/Bett). Pro Scan wurde ein Low-Dose-CT zur Schwächungskorrektur angefertigt. Zeitaktivitätskurven für die Nieren, die Milz, sowie der gesamten Leber wurden ermittelt. Die Residenzzeiten für Y-86 wurden ermittelt und mittels OLINDA für die nachfolgende Therapie die zu erwarteten Organdosen bestimmt.

Die Y-90-Dosimetrie erfolgte posttherapeutisch 14 Tage später durch Auswertung der Bremsstrahlungsaufnahmen an einer Doppelkopf-Gammakamera (80 keV + 140 keV, 30% Energiefenster, HEPG-Kollimator, Forte, Phillips).

Ergebnisse/Results:

Die mit Y-86-DOTATOC erzeugten PET-Aufnahmen zeigten gegenüber den Bremsstrahlungsbildern eine deutlich bessere Abgrenzung der Nieren, Leber, Milz und ermöglichten zudem die eindeutige Tumorlokalisation. Die kinetischen Daten konnten überlagerungsfrei aus VOIs gewonnen werden, während ausgeprägte Metastasierungen der Leber keine Abschätzung der Dosis für das gesunde Lebergewebe erlaubte. Die mit Y-86 ermittelten Organdosen der Nieren (2,3 Gy/GBq) ergaben einen übereinstimmenden Wert wie bei Y-90 (2,3 Gy/GBq). Für die Milz ergab die Y-86-Dosimetrie einen um 30% niedrigeren Wert während für die Leber ein um 40% höherer Wert gegenüber der Y-90-Dosimetrie errechnet wurde.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Y-86-DOTATOC erlaubt die Detektion von Tumorläsionen, welche das therapeutische Radiopharmakon aufnehmen, obwohl die Bildqualität nicht dem vom Ga-68-DOTATOC gewohnten Standard entspricht. Eine Abschätzung der Nierendosis als kritischem Organ erlaubt auch die Festlegung einer maximalen Aktivitätsmenge. Die Nierendosis wird durch beide Methoden in ähnlicher Höhe ermittelt, was die Nutzung der Y-90-Bremsstrahlung zur Dosimetrie anstelle eines Surogatparameters (In-111-Pentetreotide) erlaubt.

Literatur/References:

Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A48
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12640
Publ.-Id: 12640


Nonmonotonic field dependence of the Neel temperature in the quasi-two-dimensional magnet [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4

Sengupta, P.; Batista, C. D.; Mcdonald, R. D.; Cox, S.; Singleton, J.; Huang, L.; Papageorgiou, T. P.; Ignatchik, O.; Herrmannsdoerfer, T.; Manson, J. L.; Schlueter, J. A.; Funk, K. A.; Wosnitza, J.

The measured thermodynamic phase diagram of the quasi-two-dimensional magnet [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4 (pyz=pyrazine=N2C4H4) exhibits an unusual nonmonotonic dependence of the Neel temperature TN as a function of magnetic field H. The nonmonotonic behavior of TN(H) results from two competing effects induced by the field: while H suppresses the amplitude of the order parameter by polarizing the spins along a given direction, it also reduces the phase fluctuations by changing the order parameter space from the sphere S2 to the circle S1. The latter effect dominates at low fields only if the system is close enough to its lower critical dimension (dc = 2), i.e., when fluctuations become important. Our theoretical results reproduce the measured phase diagram and demonstrate that this unusual effect is realized in [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]BF4.

  • Physical Review B 79(2009), 060409(R)

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12639
Publ.-Id: 12639


F-18 markierte Radiotracer für das molekulare Imaging von σ1-Rezeptoren im Hirn

Fischer, S.; Große Mastrup, E.; Hiller, A.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Wünsch, B.; Steinbach, J.; Brust, P.

Ziel/Aim:

Sigma-Rezeptoren sind eine eigenständige Rezeptorklasse und werden in zwei Subtypen σ1 und σ2 unterteilt. σ1-Rezeptoren spielen eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Signalübertragung im Gehirn. Wegen ihrer Beteiligung an neurodegenerativen Prozessen sind σ1-Rezeptoren ein interessantes Target für das Neuroimaging mittels PET. Bisher ist kein σ1-Radiotracer bekannt, der für die klinische Anwendung genutzt wird.
Kürzlich wurde von uns eine neuartige Substanzgruppe mit einer Spiro[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidin-Leitstruktur beschrieben (1), die eine hohe Affinität und Spezifizität (σ1 vs. σ2) besitzt. Wir stellen erste Ergebnisse zur Synthese von drei F-18 markierten Radioliganden vor, die sich vom 1'-Benzyl-3H-spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'piperidin] ableiten.

Methodik/Methods:

Als Strategie für die Radiosynthese von 1 (F-18-Bn; -OMe in Pos. 3) wurde die F-18 Markierung eines 4-Nitrobenzoyl-bzw. 4-Trimethylammonium-triflat-Präkursors mit anschließender Reduktion der Benzoylgruppe und von 2 (F-18-Bn, -CN in Pos. 3) die reduktive Aminierung von 4-[F-18]Fluorbenzaldehyd mit dem freien Amin gewählt. Die Darstellung von 3 (-Bn; F-18- Propyl in Pos.3) durch F-18 Markierung in der Seitenkette des Spiro[2]benzofuran erfolgte durch nucleophile Substitution eines Tosylat-Präkursors.

Ergebnisse/Results:

Die Radiosynthese von 1 wurde bisher nicht weiter verfolgt, da bei nicht-radioaktiven Voruntersuchungen die Reduktion der Benzoylgruppe auf große Probleme stieß und sich die Substanz als säurelabil erwies. Nach zahlreichen Experimenten zur Optimierung der reduktiven Aminierung konnte 2 mit NaBH3CN/MeOH in Gegenwart von HOAc nur in geringer radiochemischer Ausbeute (RCA) erhalten werden. Demgegenüber wurde das F-18- Fluorpropylderivat 3 in einer Eintopfreaktion (K[F-18]F/K222, MeCN, 85°C, 30 min) mit ≥ 60% Markierungsausbeute erhalten, wobei nur wenige Nebenprodukte auftraten.

Die Optimierung der Reaktion ergab reproduzierbar folgende Parameter: RCA 35-48% (n=11), Synthesezeit 90-120 min, radiochem. Reinheit >99,5%, chem. Reinheit ≥99,7%, spezifische Aktivität 150-238 GBq/µmol. Die Abtrennung von 3 erfolgte mittels HPLC (RP-Phase, wässr. MeCN als Eluent) und SPE. Die Synthese ist für eine Automatisierung konzipiert. In ersten Tierexperimenten an Mäusen konnte eine spezifische Anreicherung im Gehirn, eine günstige Organverteilung und eine ausreichende metabolische Stabilität des Radioliganden 3 nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Zur Radiosynthese eines F-18 markierten σ1-Liganden mit Spiropiperidin-Struktur wurden drei Kandidaten untersucht. Für das Fluorpropylderivat 3 konnte eine optimierte Radiosynthese etabliert werden. Ausgehend von den biologischen und metabolischen Daten wird gegenwärtig am fine-tuning der Struktur zur weiteren Verbesserung der Eigenschaften gearbeitet.

Literatur/References:

(1) Maier, CA, Wünsch, B, J Med Chem 2002, 45, 4923-4930.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A40
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12638
Publ.-Id: 12638


Many-body effects in LuNi2B2C

Bergk, B.; Petzold, V.; Rosner, H.; Drechsler, S.-L.; Bartkowiak, M.; Ignatchik, O.; Sheikin, I.; Canfield, P. C.; Wosnitza, J.

We present de Haas–van Alphen measurements of the nonmagnetic borocarbide superconductor LuNi2B2C. The electronic band structure is extracted from the magnetic quantum oscillations in the normal state. In accordance with previous investigations we find a complex band structure with different open and closed Fermi-surface sheets. From the temperature dependence of the oscillations amplitude the effective mass of the single bands can be determined. Due to many-body interactions we observe enhancements of the effective masses compared to the results by full-potential-density-functional calculations. Therefore, we are able to determine the angular dependence of the interaction strength for the different bands separately.

  • Open Access Logo Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150(2009), 052021

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12637
Publ.-Id: 12637


Fluor-18-substituierte 5-Cyanindol-3-ylcyclohexylamine als PET-Liganden für die Darstellung des SERT - In-vitro-Studien und Radiosynthese

Funke, U.; Fischer, S.; Hiller, A.; Scheunemann, M.; Deuther-Conrad, W.; Brust, P.; Steinbach, J.

Ziel/Aim:

5-Cyanindol-3-ylcyclohexylamine wurden neben zahlreichen anderen Verbindungen hinsichtlich ihrer antidepressiven Eigenschaften in der Entwicklung neuer selektiver Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitoren (SSRI) untersucht (1,2). Die beschriebenen guten Affinitäten zum Serotonintransporter (SERT) und Selektivitäten bezüglich h5HT1A- und α1-Rezeptoren waren ausschlaggebend für unsere Entwicklung von cis-3-(4-(6-(3-[F-18]Fluorpropoxy)-3,4-dihydroisochinolin-2(1H)-yl)cyclohexyl)-1H-indol-5-carbonitril (F-18-Ic) als potentiellem PET-Radiotracer.

Methodik/Methods:

Die nichtradioaktiven Referenzverbindungen wurden in Mehrstufen-Synthesen dargestellt, die cis- und trans-Isomere säulenchromatographisch isoliert und ihre Affinität und Selektivität bezüglich des SERT in kompetitiven Radioligand-Bindungsstudien ermittelt. Hierfür wurden transfizierte HEK293-Zellen (hSERT, hNET und hDAT) und Membranhomogenat des Rattenkortex (r5HT1A-Rezeptor) eingesetzt.
Die Synthese der phenolischen Präkursoren für die Radiosynthese, IIc und IIt, erfolgte über Demethylierung des entsprechenden 6-Methoxydihydroisochinolin-cis- bzw. -trans-Derivates mit Hilfe von BBr3. 1,3-Bistosyloxypropan wurde nach einem Standardverfahren zu 3-[F-18]Fluorpropyltosylat ([F-18]III) umgesetzt und direkt für die Veretherung von IIc bzw. IIt (2 mg; K2CO3, MeCN/80°C) zum F-18-markierten cis- bzw. trans-Derivat, [F-18]Ic bzw. [F-18]It, verwendet. Nach Aufarbeitung mit SPE folgte semipräparative Radio-HPLC (RP-18, 50% MeCN + 0,2% TFA).

Ergebnisse/Results:

Alle Referenzverbindungen binden selektiv an den hSERT mit Ki-Werten zwischen 4 und 327 nM, wobei die cis-Isomere eine signifikant höhere Affinität zum hSERT und besonders geringe Affinitäten zu hNET und r5HT1A aufweisen. [H-3]Citalopram-Assays ergaben bis zu 140-fach höhere Affinitäten zum hSERT als [H-3]Paroxetin-Assays, entsprechend aktueller Veröffentlichungen über unterschiedliche Bindungsstellen spezifischer SERT-Liganden.
N.c.a. [F-18]III konnte in 10-15 Minuten (Markierungsausbeute (MA) 60-80%) synthetisiert werden. Die Veretherung zu [F-18]Ic bzw. [F-18]It ergab in 8-10 min eine MA von 40-50% und eine radiochemische Ausbeute von 11-22% (2,5 h total). Radiochemische und chemische Reinheit wurden mit ≥99% (HPLC, TLC) und die spezifische Aktivität mit ≥50 GBq/µmol (HPLC) bestimmt. Die Radiosynthese lässt sich auf ein automatisiertes Verfahren übertragen.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Radiochemische und physikochemische Ergebnisse sowie In-vitro-Daten weisen [F-18]Ic als einen vielversprechenden Radiotracer für die Darstellung des SERT aus. Weiterführende Experimente sind geplant, um die Hirnaufnahme und In-vivo-Bindung von [F-18]Ic zu untersuchen.

Literatur/References:

(1) Meagher K L et al, Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001;11:1885-1888.
(2) Deskus A J et al, Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007;17:3099-3104.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A39
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12636
Publ.-Id: 12636


Bestimmung des effektiven Dopamin-Verteilungsvolumens im F18-DOPA-PET bei Patienten mit neu diagnostiziertem idiopathischen Parkinsonsyndrom und Medikation mit Levodopa oder Cabergolin

Beuthien-Baumann, B.; Wolz, M.; Perick, M.; Storch, A.; Oehme, L.; Langner, J.; Hofheinz, F.; van den Hoff, J.; Reichmann, H.; Kotzerke, J.

Ziel/Aim:

Zur quantitativen Analyse des F-18-DOPA-PET bei IPS wird in der Regel die Dopamin-Einstromrate (ki) in einem 90min PET-Protokoll bestimmt. Der Effektive Verteilunsgvolumen-Quotient (EDVR), als ein Maß für den F18-DOPA-Umsatz, wurde als sensitiverer Parameter postuliert (1), erfordert jedoch eine 4h-Meßzeit. Levodopa ist ein Standardmedikament, um den absoluten Dopamin-Mangel beim IPS auszugleichen. Neuere Ergebnisse favorisieren den Einsatz von Dopaminrezeptor-Agonisten wie z. B. Cabergolin. Kann anhand des EDVR ein Unterschied im Verlauf der IPS-Erkrankung im Vergleich zweier Medikations-Regime differenziert werden?

Methodik/Methods:

36 Patienten mit neu diagnostiziertem idiopathischen Parkinsonsyndrom (25 Männer, 11 Frauen, Alter 62+/- 9 Jahre, Hohn &Yahr Stad 1- 2,5)). Positives BfS-Gutachten und Ethikvotum. PET I vor Beginn der Studien-Medikation, PET II erfolgte nach 3-monatiger Medikamenteneinnahme. Die Medikation war gegenüber dem Nuklearmediziner verblindet. PET-Protokoll: Prämedikation mit 150 mg Carbidopa per os 60 min vor Untersuchungsbeginn. Dynamisches F18-DOPA-Hirn-PET (ECAT EXACT HR+ (Siemens/CTI)) : 10 min Transmision, Injektion von 185 MBq F-18-DOPA i.v., Emission bis 90 min p.i., 2x 40 min Emission ab 120 min und 190 min p.i. nach je 10 min Transmission. Rekonstruktion und Zusammenfügen der Datensätze. Positionierung von VOIs vordefinierter Größe und Anzahl über Nucl. Caudatus, Putamen, Referenzgewebe occipital (freie Positionierung in allen 3 Raumebenen (Softwarepaket ROVER, ABX Radeberg)). Es wurden die Einstromraten ki und das EDVR nach Sossi et al.(1) für beide Putamina ohne Seitentrennung bestimmt.

Ergebnisse/Results:

19 Patienten wurden mit Levodopa behandelt, 17 Patienten erhielten Cabergolin. Weder zu Beginn der Studie noch nach 3 Monaten gab es signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Mittelwerten der Parameter ki und EDVR beider Behandlungsgruppen. In der Levodopa-Gruppe zeigte sich von PET I zu PET II eine sign. Abnahme von ki (von 0,0117 auf 0,0110) und eine sign. Zunahme des EDVR (1,257 auf 1,335). In der Cabergolin-Gruppe fand sich keine Änderung des ki (0,0116 auf 0,0115) aber eine sign. Zunahme des EDVR (1,137 auf 1,331). Die Mittelwerte der Differenzen von PET I zu PET II zeigten für ki keinen sign. Unterschied zwischen Levodopa (0,0007) und Cabergolin (0,0001), jedoch bezüglich des EDVR mit deutlich größerer Differenz in der Cabergolin-Gruppe (Levodopa -0,078, Cabergolin -0,194).

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

EDVR erscheint als sensiblerer Parameter im Vergleich zu ki, um diskrete Änderungen im Verlauf des frühen IPS unter Medikationsbedingungen zu differenzieren. Auf Grund des langen Untersuchungsprotokolles erscheint diese Methode jedoch nicht für die Routine zur generellen Klärung des Vorliegens einer Störung im dopaminergen System geeignet.

Literatur/References:

(1) Sossi V, de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Holden JE et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22:232-239, 2002.

  • Poster
    47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A89
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12635
Publ.-Id: 12635


Das prätherapeutische hypoxische Tumorvolumen und nicht der SUVmax hat eine prognostische Wertigkeit im F18-MISO-PET für die Heilungswahrscheinlichkeit nach Einzeitbestrahlung im Tiermodell

Beuthien-Baumann, B.; Schütze, C.; Bergmann, R.; Yaromina, A.; Hessel, F.; Mäding, P.; Krause, M.; Zips, D.; Baumann, M.

Ziel/Aim:

Untersuchung zur prognostischen Wertigkeit von F18-Misonidazol-PET (F18-MISO) bezüglich der Heilungswahrcheinlichkeit im Tumor-Xenograft-Model des humanen Plattenepithel-Karzionms (hSCC) FaDu auf Nacktmäusen vor Einzeitbestrahlung.

Methodik/Methods:

Das humane Plattenepithel-Karzinom wurde subcutan auf das Hinterbein von 70 Nacktmäusen transplantiert. Bei einem Tumordurchmesser von 7-9mm wurde eine F18-MISO-PET (11MBq i.v., Micro-PET P4, CTI Molecular Imaging Inc., gemessene Schwächungskorrektur, Emission in Anaesthesie über 30min ab 210min p.i.) durchgeführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels 3D-regions of interest über dem Tumor ("ROIFinder automatic mode", ROVER software ABX Radeberg, Germany). Bestimmt wurden das hypoxische Volumen (HV) und der maximale standard uptake value (SUVmax). Nach dem PET wurde eine Einzeitbestrahlung von 25 Gy oder 35 Gy unter normalem Blutfluß appliziert (200 kV Röntgenstrahlung, 0,5mm Cu, ca. 1,2 Gy/min). Der Studienendpunkt waren lokale Tumorkontrolle bzw. Zeitpunkt des Rezidivs.

Ergebnisse/Results:

Tumorkontrollraten nach 25 Gy waren geringer als nach 35 Gy (22% versus 69%, log rank p<0,0001). Der mediane SUVmax betrug 2,54 (range: 0,19-6,83). Das HV reichte von 38 mm3 bis 353 mm3 (median 112 mm3, 95%CI: 92-128 mm3). In Tumoren mit einem HV geringer als dem Median betrug die Tumorkontrolle 33% nach 25 Gy und 82% nach 35 Gy. In Tumoren mit einem HV größer als dem Median betrug die Tumorkontrolle 15% nach 25 Gy und 53% nach 35 Gy. In der multivariaten COX Analyse ergab sich nach Korrektur für Dosis und Tumorvolumen eine signifikante prognostische Aussage bezüglich des HV für die Tumorkontrolle. Die Bestrahlungsdosis hatte einen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit (p<0,0005), das Tumorvolumen und der SUVmax waren bezüglich der Prognose der Heilungswahrscheinlichkeit nicht relevant.

Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions:

Das F-18-MISO HV ist eine signifikanter Prädiktor für das outcome nach Bestrahlung mit hoher Einzeldosis im FaDu hSCC Tumormodell in der Nacktmaus. Von der Intensität der F18-MISO-Anreicherung, gemessen als SUVmax, konnte in dieser Studie keine prognostische Aussage abgeleitet werden.

Diese Arbeit wurde im 6.EU-Rahmenprogrammes Projekt BioCare proposal#505785 durchgeführt.

  • Lecture (Conference)
    47. Jahrtestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, 22.-25.04.2009, Leipzig, Deutschland
  • Abstract in refereed journal
    Nuklearmedizin 48(2009)2, A16
    ISSN: 0029-5566

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12634
Publ.-Id: 12634


An Investigation of Target Poisoning during Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

Güttler, D.

  • Open Access Logo Wissenschaftlich-Technische Berichte / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; FZD-515 2009
    ISSN: 1437-322X

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Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12633
Publ.-Id: 12633


Highly dense amorphous Nb2O5 films with closed nano-sized pores

Vinnichenko, M.; Rogozin, A.; Grambole, D.; Munnik, F.; Kolitsch, A.; Möller, W.; Stenzel, O.; Wilbrandt, S.; Chuvilin, A.; Kaiser, U.

This study is focused on tailoring Nb2O5 film porosity during reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering. Dense amorphous films with closed nanopores have been formed onto unheated substrates at high growth rates. The films have a high refractive index n_400=2.54, a low extinction coefficient, k_400~6x10-4, a low mechanical stress (-90 MPa) and a negligible thermal shift. The specific depth distribution of the nanopores is believed to be the reason for the high film density combined with a low mechanical stress.

Keywords: reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering; high refractive index materials; Nb2O5; nano-sized pores; optical properties

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12632
Publ.-Id: 12632


Interlayer Exchange Coupling of Fe/Cr/Fe Thin Films on Rippled Substrates

Körner, M.; Lenz, K.; Liedke, M. O.; Strache, T.; Mücklich, A.; Keller, A.; Facsko, S.; Fassbender, J.

The influence of rippled vs. flat Si substrates on the interlayer exchange coupling of polycrystalline Fe/Cr/Fe thin films is studied. The rippled substrates with ripple wavelengths of 22 and 37 nm where created by means of ion beam erosion. Using lambda=22 nm ripple substrates we find a Néel coupling superimposed on the interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe trilayers associated with a strong uniaxial anisotropy induced by the substrate topography. These results are obtained by applying a Stoner-Wolfarth model on magnetic reversal loops obtained via longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometry.

Keywords: Interlayer Exchange Coupling; Magneto-optical Kerr effect; Rippled Substrates; Néel coupling

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12631
Publ.-Id: 12631


Modelling of polydispersed flows using two population balance approaches

Cheung, S. C. P.; Duan, X.; Yeoh, G. H.; Tu, J.; Krepper, E.; Lucas, D.

Polydispersed bubbly flows with wide range of bubble size are commonly encountered in many industrial fields. The use of population balance models coupled with the two-fluid model presents the most viable way of handling such complex flow structures. The main focus of this paper is to access the capabilities of two population balance models – namely Average Bubble Number Density (ABND) and Inhomogeneous MUlti-SIze-Group (MUSIG) model; in resolving the dynamical changes of void fraction and bubble size distribution under polydispersed flow conditions. Numerical predictions are validated against two polydispersed flow measurements. Special attentions are directed towards the performance of the two models in capturing the behavioral transition of “wall peak” to “core peak” void fraction profile. Applicability and drawbacks of the two population balance models for industrial applications are also discussed.

Keywords: Population balance; Turbulence; Polydispersed; Bubbly flow; ABND

  • Contribution to proceedings
    6th International Symposium on Multiphase Flow, Heat Mass Transfer and Energy Conversion, 11.-15.07.2009, Xi’an, China
  • Lecture (Conference)
    6th International Symposium on Multiphase Flow, Heat Mass Transfer and Energy Conversion, 11.-15.07.2009, Xi’an, China

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12630
Publ.-Id: 12630


Toward physical modeling of laser welding: thermophysics revisited

Cramer, A.; Lange, A.; Plevachuk, Y.; Sklyarchuk, V.

Experimental determination of the thermophysical properties conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension of lithium iodide was carried out in the temperature range starting slightly above the melting point and up to about 950~K. These measurements are motivated by the search for a transparent substance, the Prandtl number Pr of which approaches or is even less than unity, and which shows a stable Marangoni effect with respect to a potential pollution of the melt. Such a combination of material properties is mandatory in the attempt of a physical modelling of laser welding processes where optical access to the bulk of the fluid is needed in order to measure the flow field. In an extension to these basic studies, also the electrical conductivity and the influence of the admixture of other iodides on Pr was studied exemplarily.

Keywords: Electrical conductivity; Lithium iodide; Prandtl number; Surface tension; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity

Permalink: https://www.hzdr.de/publications/Publ-12629
Publ.-Id: 12629


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